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Xiao X, Huang S, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Bai J, Kim KH. Momordica charantia Bioactive Components: Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Benefits Through Gut Health Modulation. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38770678 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia (MC), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is well known for its pharmacological activities that exhibit hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. These properties are largely because of its abundant bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed the regulatory effects of MC extract on glycolipid metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on newly discovered MC-related components, such as insulin receptor-binding protein-19, adMc1, and MC protein-30 and triterpenoids 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, and the role of MC in gut microbiota and bitter taste receptors. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the recently reported chemical compositions of MC, including polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenolics, peptides, and their beneficial effects. It also provides the latest updates on the role of MC in the regulation of gut microbiota and bitter taste receptor signaling pathways. As a result, this review will serve as a theoretical basis for potential applications in the creation or modification of MC-based nutrient supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiting Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Białek M, Lepionka T, Wojtak W, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Czauderna M, Białek A. Splenic Elemental Composition of Breast Cancer-Suffering Rats Supplemented with Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract. Molecules 2024; 29:1942. [PMID: 38731433 PMCID: PMC11085740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary modifications with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon aqueous extract (BME) affect mineral content in the spleen of rats both under normal physiological conditions and with coexisting mammary tumorigenesis. The diet of Sprague-Dawley female rats was supplemented either with PSO or with BME, or with a combination for 21 weeks. A chemical carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) was applied intragastrically to induce mammary tumors. In the spleen of rats, the selected elements were determined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in elemental composition among experimental groups. Multivariate statistical methods were used to discover whether some subtle dependencies exist between experimental factors and thus influence the element content. Experimental factors affected the splenic levels of macroelements, except for potassium. Both diet modification and the cancerogenic process resulted in significant changes in the content of Fe, Se, Co, Cr, Ni, Al, Sr, Pb, Cd, B, and Tl in rat spleen. Chemometric analysis revealed the greatest impact of the ongoing carcinogenic process on the mineral composition of the spleen. The obtained results may contribute to a better understanding of peripheral immune organ functioning, especially during the neoplastic process, and thus may help develop anticancer prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Wojtak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
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Hussain A, Korma SA, Kabir K, Kauser S, Arif MR, Fatima H, Ali S, Ali MQ, Yaqub S, Shehzad A, Akram S, Ali A. In vitro and In vivo Determination of Biological Activities of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Peel, Flesh and Seeds. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01153-2. [PMID: 38358638 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. has been remained a well-known medicinal vegetable used traditionally. However, which part is most effective against which disorder, has been remained undiscovered yet. The objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities of peel, flesh, and seeds of bitter gourd, through in vitro and in vivo assays. Ethanolic extracts from powders of three fractions of bitter gourd were assessed for antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal strains, whereas, powders of these fractions were used to determine antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity, in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Our results showed that BSE exhibited better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, whereas BFE exhibited better against Escherichia coli. Blood glucose was significantly lowered by all three powders in a dose dependent manner, when fed to diabetic rats, with the highest decrease by BSP, which reduced the glucose level from 296.20 ± 2.00 mg/dl to 123.10 ± 0.80 mg/dl, at 15 mg dose, after 28 days trial. Elevated levels of TC (101.18 ± 0.65 mg/dl), TG (83.69 ± 0.61 mg/dl) and LDL-C (25.90 ± 0.09 mg/dl) in positive control rats were lowered down in well manners by BSP at 15 mg dose, to 86.30 ± 0.53, 67.70 ± 0.53 and 19.32 ± 0.06 mg/dl, respectively. As compared to BFP and BPP, BSP showed significant involvement in antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic actions. Along with the edible flesh, peels and seeds, which are usually discarded as waste, could also be utilized for development of pharma foods capable of promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Hussain
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Pakistan.
| | - Sameh A Korma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Khurram Kabir
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Kauser
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Rehan Arif
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Haya Fatima
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiqa Ali
- National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan
| | | | - Shazia Yaqub
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Shehzad
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Akram
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Xu L, Kong X, Li X, Zhang B, Deng Y, Wang J, Duan C, Zhang D, Liu W. Current Status of Novel Multifunctional Targeted Pt(IV) Compounds and Their Reductive Release Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:746. [PMID: 38398498 PMCID: PMC10892972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely used in chemotherapy for various types of cancer and are considered crucial. Tetravalent platinum (Pt(IV)) compounds have gained significant attention and have been extensively researched among these drugs. Traditionally, Pt(IV) compounds are reduced to divalent platinum (Pt(II)) after entering cells, causing DNA lesions and exhibiting their anti-tumor effect. However, the available evidence indicates that some Pt(IV) derivatives may differ from the traditional mechanism and exert their anti-tumor effect through their overall structure. This review primarily focuses on the existing literature regarding targeted Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds, with a specific emphasis on their in vivo mode of action and the properties of reduction release in multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the design and synthesis strategies employed for Pt(II) derivatives that selectively target various enzymes (glucose receptor, folate, telomerase, etc.) or substances (mitochondria, oleic acid, etc.). Furthermore, it thoroughly examines and summarizes the rational design, anti-tumor mechanism of action, and reductive release capacity of novel multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds, such as those targeting p53-MDM2, COX-2, lipid metabolism, dual drugs, and drug delivery systems. Finally, this review aims to provide theoretical support for the rational design and development of new targeted Pt(IV) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Xu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuxiao Deng
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chonggang Duan
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
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Yu T, Wu L, Zhang T, Hao H, Dong J, Xu Y, Yang H, Liu H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Insights into Q-markers and molecular mechanism of Sanguisorba saponins in treating ulcerative colitis based on lipid metabolism regulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154870. [PMID: 37207387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba saponin extract (SSE) is the main active part of Sanguisorba officinalis with various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant. However, its therapeutic role and underlying mechanisms for ulcerative colitis (UC) still need to be elucidated. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect, effectiveness-material basis-quality markers (Q-markers) and prospective mechanism of function of SSE on UC. METHODS Fresh 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) solution was placed in drinking bottles for 7 days to induce a mouse model of UC. SSE and sulfasalazine (SASP) were supplemented to mice by gavage for consecutive 7 days to investigate the therapeutic role of SSE on UC. Mouse monocyte macrophages (RAW264.7) and human normal colonic epithelial (NCM460) cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses, followed by pharmacodynamic examination with different concentrations of SSE. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Alcian blue staining were conducted to evaluate the pathological damage of mice colon. Lipidomic technology was conducted to explore the differential lipids closely related to the disease process of UC. Quantitative PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry and ELISA kit were used to measure the expression levels of the corresponding proteins and pro-inflammatory factors. RESULTS SSE treatment could effectively reduce the elevated expressions of pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 and NCM460 cells due to LPS stimulation. Intragastric administration of SSE was found to significantly alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced colon injury and low-polar saponins in SSE. Low polarity saponins, especially ZYS-II, were proved to be the main active substances of SSE in treating UC. In addition, SSE could significantly ameliorate the aberrant lipid metabolism in UC mice. The role of phosphatidylcholine (PC)34:1 in the UC pathogenesis has been fully verified in our previous studies. Herein, SSE-dosing effectively reversed the metabolic disorder of PCs in UC mice, and increased the PC34:1 level to normal via up-regulating the expression of phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCYT1α). CONCLUSION Our data innovatively revealed that SSE could significantly alleviate the symptoms of UC by reversing the disorder of PC metabolism induced by DSS modeling. SSE was proved for the first time to be a promising and effective candidate for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjie Yu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Hongyuan Hao
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Yizou 180, Shanghai 200233, PR. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Yizou 180, Shanghai 200233, PR. China
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Huizhu Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China.
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Yu T, Zhou Z, Liu S, Li C, Zhang ZW, Zhang Y, Jin W, Liu K, Mao S, Zhu L, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. The role of phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in the occurrence, development and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1231-1245. [PMID: 36970218 PMCID: PMC10031229 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is considered to be related to intestinal metabolic balance, while its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains largely unexplored. The present study aimed to identify the target lipids related to the occurrence, development and treatment of UC by comparing the lipidomics of UC patients, mice and colonic organoids with the corresponding healthy controls. Here, multi-dimensional lipidomics based on LC-QTOF/MS, LC-MS/MS and iMScope systems were constructed and used to decipher the alteration of lipidomic profiles. The results indicated that UC patients and mice were often accompanied by dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, in which triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were significantly reduced. Notably, phosphatidylcholine 34:1 (PC34:1) was characterized by high abundance and closely correlation with UC disease. Our results also revealed that down-regulation of PC synthase PCYT1α and Pemt caused by UC modeling was the main factor leading to the reduction of PC34:1, and exogenous PC34:1 could greatly enhance the fumarate level via inhibiting the transformation of glutamate to N-acetylglutamate, thus exerting an anti-UC effect. Collectively, our study not only supplies common technologies and strategies for exploring lipid metabolism in mammals, but also provides opportunities for the discovery of therapeutic agents and biomarkers of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjie Yu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Changjian Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keanqi Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuying Mao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271060.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271060.
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Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Szlis M, Białek A. Lipidomic Profile and Enzymes Activity in Hepatic Microsomes of Rats in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010442. [PMID: 35008866 PMCID: PMC8745594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the risk factors affecting the development of cancer, nutritional factors occupy a significant place. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME), used for ages in folk medicine, are nowadays used in the prevention of many diseases and as ingredients of dietary supplements. Despite numerous publications on these raw materials or their active substances, their mechanism of action in various pathological states has not been recognized yet, nor has the safety of their simultaneous use been evaluated. The study aimed to assess how dietary supplementation with either PSO, with BME, or both, affects fatty acids’ profiles and their metabolism in hepatic microsomes, as well as the activity of selected microsomal enzymes (COX-2 and CYP1B1). Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were divided into eight parallel experimental groups, differing in applied dietary modifications (control, PSO, BME and both PSO and BME) and introduction of chemical carcinogen—7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene. Obtained results indicated the pronounced effect of the cancerous process on lipid metabolism and demonstrated the antagonistic effect of applied dietary supplements on the content of individual fatty acids and the activity of CYP1B1 and COX-2. The applied broad analytical approach and chemometric data analysis confirmed that raw materials, for which potential cancer prevention has been previously demonstrated, may differ in effects depending on the coexisting pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lepionka
- Department of Bioaerosols, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Szlis
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-7367128
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Stawarska A, Czerwonka M, Jelińska M, Piasecka I, Bobrowska-Korczak B. The Influence of Supplementation with Zinc in Micro and Nano Forms on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Livers of Rats with Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113821. [PMID: 34836077 PMCID: PMC8623502 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation (in the form of nano or microparticles) on the profile and metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes of rats with induced breast cancer. The activity of desaturases (Δ5, Δ6, Δ9) and the level of cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives were measured. The aim of this study was also to determine the effect of various forms of zinc supplements on rats that were on 5-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (5-, 12- and 15-HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) acids, and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Female Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into 2 groups that were supplemented with zinc in the micro form (342 nm) or nano form (99 nm) particles, respectively, and a group with a standard diet (control group). All animals received 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene twice for the induction of breast cancer. Dietary nano-Zn supplementation increased vaccenic acid content (p = 0.032) and decreased Δ6-desaturase activity (p = 0.006), whereas micro-Zn increased cholesterol (p = 0.006), ∑COPs (total cholesterol-oxidation products) (p = 0.019) and PGE2 (p = 0.028) content. Dietary enrichment with Zn microparticles resulted in lower concentrations of the metabolites 15-, 12- and 5-HETE and HODE. Our study indicates that the effect of zinc supplementation on the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes under neoplastic conditions depends on the form in which it is administered.
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Impact of Sugar Type Addition and Fermentation Temperature on Pomegranate Alcoholic Beverage Production and Characteristics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060889. [PMID: 34205857 PMCID: PMC8228759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the production of pomegranate alcoholic beverage (PAB) from juice of the Wonderful variety. The effect of fermentation temperature (15 and 25 °C) and type of sugar added (adjustment to 20 °Brix) on the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and volatile composition were studied. Sucrose, concentrated pomegranate juice, concentrated grape juice, and honey were used to increase the initial sugar content. The produced PABs contained ethanol in concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 10.0% v/v and glycerol from 4.8 to 6.1 g L−1. A decrease in total phenolics content, free radical-scavenging activity, and total monomeric anthocyanin content was observed following fermentation. Total flavonoids content appeared to increase after fermentation only in the cases of concentrated pomegranate and grape juice addition. In general, 22 volatile compounds were identified in PABs (13 esters, 2 fatty acids, and 7 alcohols). Major compounds detected were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, and ethyl acetate. These findings demonstrate the production prospect of PABs with increased ethanol content, while elaborating on the importance of fermentation temperature and the differences between the selected types of added sugars on end-product composition.
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Cao QG, Guo Q, Bai J, Dong Y, Zhang XH, Hong WL. The apoptosis mechanisms of HepG2 cells induced by bitter melon seed. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13683. [PMID: 33844303 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Bitter melon seed (BMS) is well known for anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. MicroRNA-421 (miR-421) is considered as a regulator of cancer initiation, tumor metastasis, and progression, interfering with transcription of the mRNAs responsible for the cancer pathogenesis. HepG2 cells were treated with BMS water extract (BMSW) for 24 hr, and the IC50 was 586.27 ± 0.07 µg/ml. The ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, the protein expression, and the nuclear fragmentation after the treatment of BMSW were respectively detected. The increase of ROS resulted in the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, which induced the apoptosis of cells subsequently. BMSW inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by blocking cell cycle in the S phase and influenced the nuclei and the expression of protein, leading to cellular laxity and apoptosis. The expression level of miR-421 in HepG2 was distinctly down-regulated by 13.74 fold with 600 µg/ml of BMSW. Comprehensive microarray and RT-PCR analysis identified six putative target genes of miR-421 (GADD45B, DUSP6, DUSP3, DUSP10, CASP3, and CAPN2). The relationships of DUSP6, CASP3, and miR-421 were further confirmed by miR-421 mimics/inhibitor transfection by RT-PCR and western blot. The CASP3 was identified as target gene of miR-421. BMSW induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cell by regulating miR-421 and CASP3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour with the fourth highest mortality rate in the world. Bitter melon seed (BMS) as edible and medical food has significant anticancer activity. Our study indicated the anticancer mechanisms of BMS and provided the scientific basis for the application of BMS in healthy or novel functional foods. BMS can be used as dietary supplements or nutritional fortifiers to improve the survival status of patients with liver cancer due to safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Guo Cao
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Long Hong
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
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Białek A, Białek M, Lepionka T, Pachniewicz P, Czauderna M. Oxysterols and lipidomic profile of myocardium of rats supplemented with pomegranate seed oil and/or bitter melon aqueous extract - Cardio-oncological animal model research. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105057. [PMID: 33515592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A close link between cardiovascular diseases and cancer results from sharing the same modifiable risk factors (e.g. nutritional) and cardiotoxicity of anti-cancerous therapies. It justifies cardio-oncological preliminary studies on dietary factors, especially on those of possible anti-carcinogenic or cardioprotective properties. The main purpose was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and/or bitter melon extract (BME) supplementation of the diet of female rats suffering from mammary tumors on lipidomic profile (expressed as fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids (CFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol and oxysterols content) of cardiac tissue. Total lipidomic profile and intensity of lipid peroxidation in hearts of DMBA-treated Sprague-Dawley rats and their healthy equivalents, both obtaining diet supplementation, were evaluated with different chromatographic techniques coupled with appropriate detection systems (GC-MS, GC-TOFMS, Ag+-HPLC-DAD, UF-HPLC-DAD). Dietary modifications neither diminished breast cancer incidence nor exerted explicit cardio-protective influence, however, they diminished cholesterol content, i.a. because of inhibition of the endogenous conversion of squalene to cholesterol in cardiac tissue. CFA were incorporated into cardiac tissue to a lesser extent in the cancerous process. PSO and BME anti-oxidant properties in pathological condition were only slightly reflected in MDA levels but not in oxysterols formation. Obtained results indicate considerable changes in dietary supplements' biological activity in pathological conditions and the need for clear distinction of drugs and dietary supplements, which is of utmost importance, especially for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Paulina Pachniewicz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
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Involvement of 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Mitotane Action on Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040885. [PMID: 32260362 PMCID: PMC7226725 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with poor prognosis. Mitotane, the standard treatment for ACC, impairs adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism. In the H295R cell line, a standard ACC in vitro model, mitotane was previously reported to enhance the production of some oxysterols. To verify the possible mechanistic involvement of oxysterols in the anti-ACC effect of mitotane, a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of oxysterols and the main cholesterol precursors was carried out in H295R cells. Among the oxysterols detected in mitotane-treated cells, 27OHC was markedly produced, as well as lanosterol and lathosterol cholesterol precursors. In this cell model, mitotane was confirmed to affect mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induce apoptosis. Such cytotoxic effects were perfectly matched by H295R cell treatment with a single identical micromolar amount of 27OHC. The mitotane-dependent strong increase in 27OHC was confirmed in vivo, in the plasma of ACC patients under treatment with the drug. Moreover, lanosterol, lathosterol, desmosterol and, to a minor extent, 24-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol plasma levels were significantly increased in those patients. The cytotoxic effect of mitotane on ACC cells may be partly related to the increased intracellular level of 27OHC induced by the drug itself.
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