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Amendola C, Buttafava M, Carteano T, Contini L, Cortese L, Durduran T, Frabasile L, Guadagno CN, Karadeinz U, Lacerenza M, Mesquida J, Parsa S, Re R, Sanoja Garcia D, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Tosi A, Weigel UM, Yaqub MA, Zanoletti M, Contini D. Assessment of power spectral density of microvascular hemodynamics in skeletal muscles at very low and low-frequency via near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5994-6015. [PMID: 38021143 PMCID: PMC10659778 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used a hybrid time domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) device to retrieve hemoglobin and blood flow oscillations of skeletal muscle microvasculature. We focused on very low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) oscillations (i.e., frequency lower than 0.145 Hz), that are related to myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial activities. We measured power spectral density (PSD) of blood flow and hemoglobin concentration in four muscles (thenar eminence, plantar fascia, sternocleidomastoid and forearm) of 14 healthy volunteers to highlight possible differences in microvascular hemodynamic oscillations. We observed larger PSDs for blood flow compared to hemoglobin concentration, in particular in case of distal muscles (i.e., thenar eminence and plantar fascia). Finally, we compared the PSDs measured on the thenar eminence of healthy subjects with the ones measured on a septic patient in the intensive care unit: lower power in the endothelial-dependent frequency band, and larger power in the myogenic ones were observed in the septic patient, in accordance with previous works based on laser doppler flowmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Cortese
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Nunzia Guadagno
- BioPixS Ltd – Biophotonics Standards, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Cork, Ireland
| | - Umut Karadeinz
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Jaume Mesquida
- Critical Care Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Institut D’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M. Atif Yaqub
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lam WK, Chen B, Liu RT, Cheung JCW, Wong DWC. Spine Posture, Mobility, and Stability of Top Mobile Esports Athletes: A Case Series. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050737. [PMID: 35625465 PMCID: PMC9138953 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional esports athletes spend a long time in the same sitting posture during training and competition. Mobile esports may exacerbate potential postural problems because of the closer and unsupported arms and because athletes spend more time in a forward-/flexed-head posture. Prolonged sitting in these postures carries significant health risks and may lead to musculoskeletal problems and injuries. The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the posture, mobility, and stability of the spine for professional mobile esports athletes. We collected spine-assessment data from 48 athletes participating in a top-tier league on a real-time-strategy battle-arena online game. The spinal assessment was conducted using the SpinalMouse® under upright standing and trunk flexion in addition to the Matthiass test. Measurements were converted into Idiag Scores by the SpinalMouse® software. The Idiag Posture, Idiag Mobility, and Idiag Stability scores were 62.50 (IQR: 21), 63.50 (IQR: 19.5), and 54.50 (IQR: 14.5), respectively, and were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the reference normative value (100). Age was found to have a weak positive correlation with the posture score (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.048). Although career duration appeared to lower the scores, the association was insignificant (p > 0.05). The scores also had no significant association with body height, body mass, body mass index, and esports team (p > 0.05). It was anticipated that mobile-based esports would attenuate the biomechanics of the spine and increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal problems, such as neck and back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Bob Chen
- Dr Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 101111, China;
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.W.-C.W.); Tel.: +86-137-0106-6063 (B.C.); +852-2766-7669 (D.W.-C.W.)
| | - Rui-Tan Liu
- Dr Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 101111, China;
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.W.-C.W.); Tel.: +86-137-0106-6063 (B.C.); +852-2766-7669 (D.W.-C.W.)
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Plantar Pressure Variability and Asymmetry in Elderly Performing 60-Minute Treadmill Brisk-Walking: Paving the Way towards Fatigue-Induced Instability Assessment Using Wearable In-Shoe Pressure Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093217. [PMID: 34066398 PMCID: PMC8124239 DOI: 10.3390/s21093217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of potential fatigue for the elderly could minimize their risk of injury and thus encourage them to do more physical exercises. Fatigue-related gait instability was often assessed by the changes of joint kinematics, whilst planar pressure variability and asymmetry parameters may complement and provide better estimation. We hypothesized that fatigue condition (induced by the treadmill brisk-walking task) would lead to instability and could be reflected by the variability and asymmetry of plantar pressure. Fifteen elderly adults participated in the 60-min brisk walking trial on a treadmill without a pause, which could ensure that the fatigue-inducing effect is continuous and participants will not recover halfway. The plantar pressure data were extracted at baseline, the 30th minute, and the 60th minute. The median of contact time, peak pressure, and pressure-time integrals in each plantar region was calculated, in addition to their asymmetry and variability. After 60 min of brisk walking, there were significant increases in peak pressure at the medial and lateral arch regions, and central metatarsal regions, in addition to their impulses (p < 0.05). In addition, the variability of plantar pressure at the medial arch was significantly increased (p < 0.05), but their asymmetry was decreased. On the other hand, the contact time was significantly increased at all plantar regions (p < 0.05). The weakened muscle control and shock absorption upon fatigue could be the reason for the increased peak pressure, impulse, and variability, while the improved symmetry and prolonged plantar contact time could be a compensatory mechanism to restore stability. The outcome of this study can facilitate the development of gait instability or fatigue assessment using wearable in-shoe pressure sensors.
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Spectral Analysis of Muscle Hemodynamic Responses in Post-Exercise Recovery Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093072. [PMID: 33924973 PMCID: PMC8125689 DOI: 10.3390/s21093072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Spectral analysis of blood flow or blood volume oscillations can help to understand the regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between muscle hemodynamic response in the recovery period and exercise quantity. Fifteen healthy subjects were required to perform two sessions of submaximal plantarflexion exercise. The blood volume fluctuations in the gastrocnemius lateralis were recorded in three rest phases (before and after two exercise sessions) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Wavelet transform was used to analyze the total wavelet energy of the concerned frequency range (0.005–2 Hz), which were further divided into six frequency intervals corresponding to six vascular regulators. Wavelet amplitude and energy of each frequency interval were analyzed. Results showed that the total energy raised after each exercise session with a significant difference between rest phases 1 and 3. The wavelet amplitudes showed significant increases in frequency intervals I, III, IV, and V from phase 1 to 3 and in intervals III and IV from phase 2 to 3. The wavelet energy showed similar changes with the wavelet amplitude. The results demonstrate that local microvascular regulators contribute greatly to the blood volume oscillations, the activity levels of which are related to the exercise quantity.
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Zhang G, Wong IKK, Chen TLW, Hong TTH, Wong DWC, Peng Y, Yan F, Wang Y, Tan Q, Zhang M. Identifying Fatigue Indicators Using Gait Variability Measures: A Longitudinal Study on Elderly Brisk Walking. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236983. [PMID: 33297364 PMCID: PMC7730469 DOI: 10.3390/s20236983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Real-time detection of fatigue in the elderly during physical exercises can help identify the stability and thus falling risks which are commonly achieved by the investigation of kinematic parameters. In this study, we aimed to identify the change in gait variability parameters from inertial measurement units (IMU) during a course of 60 min brisk walking which could lay the foundation for the development of fatigue-detecting wearable sensors. Eighteen elderly people were invited to participate in the brisk walking trials for 60 min with a single IMU attached to the posterior heel region of the dominant side. Nine sets of signals, including the accelerations, angular velocities, and rotation angles of the heel in three anatomical axes, were measured and extracted at the three walking times (baseline, 30th min, and 60th min) of the trial for analysis. Sixteen of eighteen participants reported fatigue after walking, and there were significant differences in the median acceleration (p = 0.001), variability of angular velocity (p = 0.025), and range of angle rotation (p = 0.0011), in the medial–lateral direction. In addition, there were also significant differences in the heel pronation angle (p = 0.005) and variability and energy consumption of the angles in the anterior–posterior axis (p = 0.028, p = 0.028), medial–lateral axis (p = 0.014, p = 0.014), and vertical axis (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that a single IMU on the posterior heel of the dominant side can address the variability of kinematics parameters for elderly performing prolonged brisk walking and could serve as an indicator for walking instability, and thus fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Ivy Kwan-Kei Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Tony Lin-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Tommy Tung-Ho Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yinghu Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (G.Z.); (I.K.-K.W.); (T.L.-W.C.); (T.T.-H.H.); (D.W.-C.W.); (Y.P.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.T.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2766-4939
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Lam WK, Wong DWC, Lee WCC. Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10300. [PMID: 33194445 PMCID: PMC7648456 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Badminton is a popular sport activity in both recreational and elite levels. A lot of biomechanical studies have investigated badminton lunge, since good lunge performance may increase the chances to win the game. This review summarized the current trends, research methods, and parameters-of-interest concerning lower-extremity biomechanics in badminton lunges. Methodology Databases including Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from the oldest available date to September 2020. Two independent authors screened all the articles and 20 articles were eligible for further review. The reviewed articles compared the differences among playing levels, footwear designs, and lunge directions/variations, using parameters including ground reaction forces, plantar pressure distribution, kinematics, and kinetics. Results Elite badminton players demonstrated higher impact attenuation capability, more aggressive knee and ankle strategy (higher mechanical moment), and higher medial plantar load than amateur players. Footwear modifications can influence comfort perception and movement mechanics, but it remains inconclusive regarding how these may link with lunging performance. Contradicting findings in kinematics is possibly due to the variations in lunge and instructions. Conclusions Playing levels and shoe designs have significant effects on biomechanics in badminton lunges. Future studies can consider to use an unanticipated testing protocol and realistic movement intensity. They can study the inter-limb coordination as well as the contributions and interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to injury risk. Furthermore, current findings can stimulate further research studying whether some specific footwear materials with structural design could potentially compromise impact attenuation, proprioception, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.,Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic & Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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