What Is the Most Effective Technique for Bonding Brackets on Ceramic-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Management of crown fractures with different pulp treatments and Re-attachment technique: case series

BACKGROUND

Crown fracture is a type of traumatic injury that mostly affects the maxillary incisors. Depending on the involvement of the pulp, crown fracture may occur as complicated or uncomplicated and constitutes 26-76% of dental injuries in the permanent teeth. The effective treatment of crown fractures should aim to gain optimal aesthetics and function by preserving the vitality of the tooth. There have been case reports in the literature regarding pulpotomy and reattachment techniques in traumatized teeth. However, there has been no case series presenting different endodontic treatments performed with different current materials along with the reattachment technique. The aim of the current case series is to present treatment approaches of 3 crown fracture cases with different pulp treatments and re-attachment technique.

CASE PRESENTATION

In all cases the patients were 8 years old boys. In the first and third cases, complicated crown fractures involved upper central incisors. After endodontic treatment with Cvek pulpotomy, the teeth were restored using Biodentine in case 1 and MTA in case 3. In the second case, uncomplicated crown fracture of the lower central incisor was treated with indirect pulp capping. In all cases, the fractured crown parts were re-attached and the patients were scheduled for recall appointments.

CONCLUSIONS

Re-attachment technique offers aesthetic, functional and economic treatment option by long-term preserving the anatomic form, color and surface texture. The evaluation of the pulpal status before the reattachment technique and application of the proper pulpal treatment influences the prognosis of the tooth.

The Combination of Functional Magnetic Stimulation and Low-Frequency Therapeutic Ultrasound for Body Shaping: Preliminary Case Reports

Functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) is commonly used to accelerate the healing process and alleviate pain. Recently, it has been shown to be useful for non-invasive body-shaping techniques. Low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound has been proven to be a safe, non-invasive alternative to liposuction. This report discusses a few cases to compare the effects of FMS with the combination of FMS with low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound on muscle thickness, volume, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness which can increase muscle strength and loss of unwanted fat. Four healthy Caucasian female volunteers aged between 42 and 45 years received 10 sessions of FMS using the Tesla Former prestige device (Iskra Medical, Otoče, Slovenia). Additionally, three volunteers (out of four) received four sessions of low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound with the Sonic Shaper device (Iskra Medical). The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through ultrasound imaging and tensiomyography (TMG). Patients 1 and 2 received the application of FMS on the gluteal area and Sonic Shaper on the gluteal adipose tissue. However, patient 4 received the combination treatment on the rectus abdominalis, and patient 3 received only FMS treatment on the gluteus maximus (GMx) and gluteus medius (GMe) instead. The measurements collected after the last session showed significant improvements in each patient. Post-treatment measurement of left/right gluteus maximus diameter for patients 1, 2, and 3 showed an increase compared to the baseline. Patient 4, who received combination treatment on the rectus abdominis muscle (RAb), also showed an increase in rectus abdominis diameter. The study shows that FMS increases muscle volume, whereas low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound reduces localized subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. Combining these two non-invasive treatments may be a promising, safe, and effective intervention for body shaping and countering.

Evaluation of Different Surface Roughening Techniques on Clear Aligner Attachments Bonded to Monolithic Zirconia: In Vitro Study

AIM

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of three different surface etching techniques and two composite materials on surface roughness (Ra) and the shear bond strength (SBS) of clear aligner attachments bonded to monolithic zirconia (MZ).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty-six MZ disks were divided into three main groups (n = 22) according to the surface treatment method: group I: hydrofluoric acid (HFA) 9.5%, group II: 50 µm aluminum oxide (Al2O3) sandblasting, and group III: Er:Cr:YSGG laser. Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups according to the composite material (n = 11) used for bonding of the attachment, either packable composite Filtek Z350 or composite Filtek Z250. Clear aligner attachments were then bonded to the disks, and measurements of Ra and SBS were taken. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test and two-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS

The HFA groups showed the highest SBS (11.29 ± 2.83 MPa) and Ra (0.82 µm), while the laser groups exhibited the lowest SBS (8.29 ± 2.38 MPa) and Ra (0.634 µm). In Filtek Z350, there was a significant difference observed between the subgroups regarding SBS but not in Filtek Z250 subgroups.

CONCLUSION

The 9.5% HFA provided the highest SBS value in comparison with Er:Cr:YSGG laser and sandblasting (p <0.05).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This study has the potential to benefit both orthodontists and patients by providing insights into techniques that can improve the bond strength and longevity of clear aligner attachments to MZ. How to cite this article: Alhunayni AS, Albelasy NF, Hafez AM. Evaluation of Different Surface Roughening Techniques on Clear Aligner Attachments Bonded to Monolithic Zirconia: In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(12):1104-1109.

Can a Self-etching Primer be Effective in Bonding Aligner Attachments to Different Types of Ceramics?

Objective

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pretreatment with a self-etching primer for bonding aligner attachments to lithium disilicate (LD) and monolithic zirconia (MZ) ceramics.

Methods

Forty ceramics, including LD (n=20) and MZ (n=20), were divided into four study groups according to the surface pretreatments: LD specimens pretreated with universal primer (Monobond Plus, MP) after hydrofluoric acid etching (Group 1); MZ ceramics pretreated with MP after sandblasting (Group 2); LD ceramics pretreated with self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond etch & prime, MEP) (Group 3); and MZ ceramics pretreated with MEP after sandblasting (Group 4). The aligner composite (GC Aligner Connect) and universal adhesive (GPremio Bond) were used to prepare the resin attachments. The bond strength was evaluated by micro-shear bond strength (SBS) testing (0.1 mm/min) after thermocycling, and the remnant adhesive was scored according to the resin attachment remnant index (RARI). The SBS data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests, and the RARI scores were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results

Group 1 had the lowest SBS, and group 2 had the highest SBS. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of bond strength (p<0.05). The RARI scores showed no significant differences, regardless of the pretreatment and ceramic type.

Conclusion

The use of a self-etching primer increased the bond strength of resin attachments on LD ceramics. For zirconia ceramics, both ceramic primers are recommended for aligner attachment bonding.

The Effect of Various Lasers on the Bond Strength Between Orthodontic Brackets and Dental Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background/objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess how laser conditioning affected brackets bonded to dental ceramics' shear bond strength (SBS). Materials and methods: The study was conducted by searching Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to September 14, 2022. In addition, the reference lists of the relevant articles were checked manually. Articles that compared SBS of laser-treated feldspathic, lithium disilicate, or zirconia surfaces with other standard techniques for bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets were considered. Using a random-effects model, data pooling was carried out as the weighted mean difference (WMD). Results: This study initially contained 1717 reports, and following review, 32 articles were deemed suitable for our meta-analysis. The pooling results showed that the treatments with lasers such as "Er:YAG" [WMD = -1.12 MPa; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.93 to -0.31], "Er:YAG + Silane" (WMD = -3.08 MPa; 95% CI: -4.77 to -1.40), and "Nd: YAG + Silane" (WMD = -2.58 MPa; 95% CI: -3.76 to -1.40) had statistically significant lower adhesion values compared with controls. Contrarily, "Ti:Sapphire femtosecond" demonstrated significantly higher bonding values (WMD = 0.94 MPa; 95% CI: 0.29-1.60). In contrast, other interventions obtained no statistically significant difference in SBS. Conclusions: Most of the laser groups showed results comparable with those of conventional approaches. Although more research is necessary for definitive conclusions, laser treatment may be an effective option for treating the surfaces of ceramic materials.

Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Strength of Bonding to Ceramic Surfaces in Orthodontics-A Comprehensive Review

Over the past several decades, orthodontic treatment has been increasingly sought out by adults, many of whom have undergone restorative dental procedures that cover enamel. Because the characteristics of restorative materials differ from those of enamel, typical bonding techniques do not yield excellent restoration-bracket bonding strengths. Plasma treatment is an emerging surface treatment that could potentially improve bonding properties. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate currently available studies assessing the effect of plasma treatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of resin cement/composite on the surface of ceramic materials. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies, which were categorized by restorative material and plasma treatment types that were evaluated. It was determined that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment using helium and H2O gas was effective at raising the SBS of feldspathic porcelain to a bonding agent, while CAP treatment using helium gas might also be a potential treatment method for zirconia and other types of ceramics. More importantly, CAP treatment using helium has the potential for being carried out chairside due to its non-toxicity, low temperature, and short treatment time. However, because all the studies were conducted in vitro and not tested in an orthodontic setting, further research must be conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of specific plasma treatments in comparison to current orthodontic bonding treatments in vivo.

Comparison of shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to ceramic surfaces utilizing different adhesive systems: An in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to three different types of ceramic surfaces (feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and zirconium) using Assure® Plus All and Transbond™ XT adhesives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The sample comprised 72 monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic samples that were randomly divided into six groups of 12 specimens each. Three groups (G1, feldspathic ceramic; G3, lithium disilicate ceramic; G5, zirconium surfaces) were bonded to metal brackets using Assure® Plus All adhesive, whereas the remaining three groups (G2, G4, G6; with the ceramic type in the same order as that in the previous groups) were bonded to metal brackets using Transbond™ XT. The samples were then subjected to 10,000 thermocycles. The SBS was calculated using the shear tests. The site of bonding failure was classified using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses at a 5% significance level.

RESULTS

Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean SBS values of the groups (P < 0.001). The mean SBS for G6 (zirconium plus Transbond™ XT) (2.52 MPa) was significantly lower than that for all other groups. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found in the ARI score distribution among the groups (P < 0.001). Differences were identified between G6 and G3 (lithium disilicate Plus All Assure® Plus All) and G5 (zirconium plus Assure® Plus All).

CONCLUSIONS

The mean bonding strength of brackets with Assure® Plus All was higher than that with Transbond™ XT for all three types of ceramics. However, all groups, except the zirconium plus Transbond™ XT group, showed acceptable bonding strength for orthodontic purposes. The application of hydrofluoric acid followed by silane and finally the Assure® Plus All adhesive system is adequate for bonding brackets to any of the ceramic tested surfaces.

Shear Bond Strength between Orthodontic Brackets and Monolithic 4Y-TZP: An In Vitro Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) between metal orthodontic brackets and monolithic zirconia surfaces bonded with resin composite. Fifty monolithic zirconia (4Y-TZP) disks were sintered and glazed. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) for different surface treatments: control, nano second fiber laser, sandblasting, grinding and tribochemical coating (CoJet Sand 30-μm). Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to monolithic zirconia surface by two-component orthodontic adhesive. After 500 cycles of thermocycling, shear bond strength values were measured by a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data was recorded as MPa and statistically analyzed with One-way ANOVA, Levene's LSD tests with Bonferroni corrections. The significance level was α = 0.05. The surface topography of one specimen of each group was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistically significant difference was observed among study groups (p = 0.018). The lowest shear bond strength was observed in the control group (3.92 ± 1.9). Tribochemical coating showed the highest bond strength (7.44 ± 2.9), which was statistically different from the control and nano second laser (4.3 ± 1.4) groups but not statistically different from grinding (6.15 ± 3.1) or sandblasting (6.47 ± 3.3). SEM images showed comprehensive results of each surface treatment on monolithic zirconia. All failure modes were recorded as adhesive between the composite resin and monolithic zirconia. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that grinding, sandblasting and tribochemical coating techniques showed clinically acceptable bond strength within the range of 6-8 MPa. These surface treatments can be considered suitable for achieving a durable bond between metal orthodontic brackets and monolithic 4Y-TZP ceramic surfaces.

Special Issue "Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease" Part I

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