1
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Bertzbach LD, Ip WH, von Stromberg K, Dobner T, Grand RJ. A comparative review of adenovirus A12 and C5 oncogenes. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 67:101413. [PMID: 38865835 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses contribute to 15% of global human cancers. To achieve that, virus-encoded oncoproteins deregulate cellular transcription, antagonize common cellular pathways, and thus drive cell transformation. Notably, adenoviruses were the first human viruses proven to induce cancers in diverse animal models. Over the past decades, human adenovirus (HAdV)-mediated oncogenic transformation has been pivotal in deciphering underlying molecular mechanisms. Key adenovirus oncoproteins, encoded in early regions 1 (E1) and 4 (E4), co-ordinate these processes. Among the different adenovirus species, the most extensively studied HAdV-C5 displays lower oncogenicity than HAdV-A12. A complete understanding of the different HAdV-A12 and HAdV-C5 oncoproteins in virus-mediated cell transformation, as summarized here, is relevant for adenovirus research and offers broader insights into viral transformation and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Bertzbach
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Hang Ip
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin von Stromberg
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roger J Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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2
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King CR, Dodge MJ, MacNeil KM, Tessier TM, Mymryk JS, Mehle A. Expanding the adenovirus toolbox: reporter viruses for studying the dynamics of human adenovirus replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0020724. [PMID: 38639487 PMCID: PMC11092356 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00207-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To streamline standard virological assays, we developed a suite of nine fluorescent or bioluminescent replication competent human species C5 adenovirus reporter viruses that mimic their parental wild-type counterpart. These reporter viruses provide a rapid and quantitative readout of various aspects of viral infection and replication based on EGFP, mCherry, or NanoLuc measurement. Moreover, they permit real-time non-invasive measures of viral load, replication dynamics, and infection kinetics over the entire course of infection, allowing measurements that were not previously possible. This suite of replication competent reporter viruses increases the ease, speed, and adaptability of standard assays and has the potential to accelerate multiple areas of human adenovirus research.IMPORTANCEIn this work, we developed a versatile toolbox of nine HAdV-C5 reporter viruses and validated their functions in cell culture. These reporter viruses provide a rapid and quantitative readout of various aspects of viral infection and replication based on EGFP, mCherry, or NanoLuc measurement. The utility of these reporter viruses could also be extended for use in 3D cell culture, organoids, live cell imaging, or animal models, and provides a conceptual framework for the development of new reporter viruses representing other clinically relevant HAdV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cason R. King
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mackenzie J. Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn M. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanner M. Tessier
- Division of Protective Immunity, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Padget RL, Zeitz MJ, Blair GA, Wu X, North MD, Tanenbaum MT, Stanley KE, Phillips CM, King DR, Lamouille S, Gourdie RG, Hoeker GS, Swanger SA, Poelzing S, Smyth JW. Acute Adenoviral Infection Elicits an Arrhythmogenic Substrate Prior to Myocarditis. Circ Res 2024; 134:892-912. [PMID: 38415360 PMCID: PMC11003857 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral cardiac infection represents a significant clinical challenge encompassing several etiological agents, disease stages, complex presentation, and a resulting lack of mechanistic understanding. Myocarditis is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults, where current knowledge in the field is dominated by later disease phases and pathological immune responses. However, little is known regarding how infection can acutely induce an arrhythmogenic substrate before significant immune responses. Adenovirus is a leading cause of myocarditis, but due to species specificity, models of infection are lacking, and it is not understood how adenoviral infection may underlie sudden cardiac arrest. Mouse adenovirus type-3 was previously reported as cardiotropic, yet it has not been utilized to understand the mechanisms of cardiac infection and pathology. METHODS We have developed mouse adenovirus type-3 infection as a model to investigate acute cardiac infection and molecular alterations to the infected heart before an appreciable immune response or gross cardiomyopathy. RESULTS Optical mapping of infected hearts exposes decreases in conduction velocity concomitant with increased Cx43Ser368 phosphorylation, a residue known to regulate gap junction function. Hearts from animals harboring a phospho-null mutation at Cx43Ser368 are protected against mouse adenovirus type-3-induced conduction velocity slowing. Additional to gap junction alterations, patch clamping of mouse adenovirus type-3-infected adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes reveals prolonged action potential duration as a result of decreased IK1 and IKs current density. Turning to human systems, we find human adenovirus type-5 increases phosphorylation of Cx43Ser368 and disrupts synchrony in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, indicating common mechanisms with our mouse whole heart and adult cardiomyocyte data. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that adenoviral infection creates an arrhythmogenic substrate through direct targeting of gap junction and ion channel function in the heart. Such alterations are known to precipitate arrhythmias and likely contribute to sudden cardiac death in acutely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Padget
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael J. Zeitz
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Grace A. Blair
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael D. North
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | | | - Kari E. Stanley
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chelsea M. Phillips
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - D. Ryan King
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Samy Lamouille
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Gregory S. Hoeker
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Sharon A. Swanger
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James W. Smyth
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Bertzbach LD, Seddar L, von Stromberg K, Ip WH, Dobner T, Hidalgo P. The adenovirus DNA-binding protein DBP. J Virol 2024; 98:e0188523. [PMID: 38197632 PMCID: PMC10878046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01885-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses that can mainly cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and eye infections in humans. In addition, adenoviruses are employed as vector vaccines for combatting viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and serve as excellent gene therapy vectors. These viruses have the ability to modulate the host cell machinery to their advantage and trigger significant restructuring of the nuclei of infected cells through the activity of viral proteins. One of those, the adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP), is a multifunctional non-structural protein that is integral to the reorganization processes. DBP is encoded in the E2A transcriptional unit and is highly abundant in infected cells. Its activity is unequivocally linked to the formation, structure, and integrity of virus-induced replication compartments, molecular hubs for the regulation of viral processes, and control of the infected cell. DBP also plays key roles in viral DNA replication, transcription, viral gene expression, and even host range specificity. Notably, post-translational modifications of DBP, such as SUMOylation and extensive phosphorylation, regulate its biological functions. DBP was first investigated in the 1970s, pioneering research on viral DNA-binding proteins. In this literature review, we provide an overview of DBP and specifically summarize key findings related to its complex structure, diverse functions, and significant role in the context of viral replication. Finally, we address novel insights and perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D. Bertzbach
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Seddar
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wing-Hang Ip
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paloma Hidalgo
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Tollefson AE, Riemann SB, Ying B, Spencer JF, Overhulse JM, Kashemirov BA, Wold WSM, McKenna CE, Toth K. Oral USC-093, a novel homoserinamide analogue of the tyrosinamide (S)-HPMPA prodrug USC-087 has decreased nephrotoxicity while maintaining antiviral efficacy against human adenovirus infection of Syrian hamsters. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105799. [PMID: 38190973 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus infections of immunocompromised humans are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Presently, there is no drug specifically approved for the treatment of adenovirus infections by the FDA. The state-of-the-art treatment of such infections is the off-label use of cidofovir, an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate. While cidofovir inhibits adenovirus replication, it has dose-limiting kidney toxicity. There is an apparent need for a better compound to treat adenovirus infections. To this end, we have been developing acyclic nucleotide phosphonate prodrugs that utilize an amino acid scaffold equipped with a lipophilic modifier. Here, we compare the antiviral potential of two prodrugs of HPMPA that differ only in the amino acid-based promoiety: USC-087, based on an N-hexadecyl tyrosinamide, and USC-093, based on an N-hexadecyl serinamide. Oral administration of both compounds was very efficacious against disseminated HAdV-C6 infection in immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters, suppressing virus replication and mitigating pathology even when treatment was withheld until 4 days after challenge. We saw only marginal efficacy after respiratory infection of hamsters, which may reflect suboptimal distribution to the lung. Importantly, neither compound induced intestinal toxicity, which was observed as the major adverse effect in clinical trials of brincidofovir, a prodrug of cidofovir which also contains a C-16 modifier. Notably, we found that there was a significant difference in the nephrotoxicity of the two compounds: USC-087 caused significant kidney toxicity while USC-093 did not, at effective doses. These findings will be valuable guidepoints in the future evolution of this new class of potential prodrugs to treat adenovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Tollefson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | | | - Baoling Ying
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | | | | | | | - William S M Wold
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | | | - Karoly Toth
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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6
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von Stromberg K, Seddar L, Ip WH, Günther T, Gornott B, Weinert SC, Hüppner M, Bertzbach LD, Dobner T. The human adenovirus E1B-55K oncoprotein coordinates cell transformation through regulation of DNA-bound host transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310770120. [PMID: 37883435 PMCID: PMC10622919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310770120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional adenovirus E1B-55K oncoprotein can induce cell transformation in conjunction with adenovirus E1A gene products. Previous data from transient expression studies and in vitro experiments suggest that these growth-promoting activities correlate with E1B-55K-mediated transcriptional repression of p53-targeted genes. Here, we analyzed genome-wide occupancies and transcriptional consequences of species C5 and A12 E1B-55Ks in transformed mammalian cells by combinatory ChIP and RNA-seq analyses. E1B-55K-mediated repression correlates with tethering of the viral oncoprotein to p53-dependent promoters via DNA-bound p53. Moreover, we found that E1B-55K also interacts with and represses transcription of numerous p53-independent genes through interactions with transcription factors that play central roles in cancer and stress signaling. Our results demonstrate that E1B-55K oncoproteins function as promiscuous transcriptional repressors of both p53-dependent and -independent genes and further support the model that manipulation of cellular transcription is central to adenovirus-induced cell transformation and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Seddar
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Wing-Hang Ip
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Virus Genomics, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Britta Gornott
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Sophie-Celine Weinert
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Max Hüppner
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg20251, Germany
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7
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Mazboudi R, Mulhall Maasz H, Resch MD, Wen K, Gottlieb P, Alimova A, Khayat R, Collins ND, Kuschner RA, Galarza JM. A recombinant virus-like particle vaccine against adenovirus-7 induces a potent humoral response. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:155. [PMID: 37821505 PMCID: PMC10567840 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) cause infections in humans that range from mild to severe, and can cause outbreaks particularly in close contact settings. Several human AdV types have been identified, which can cause a wide array of clinical manifestations. AdV types 4 and 7 (AdV-4 and AdV-7), which are among the most commonly circulating types in the United States, are known to cause acute respiratory disease that can result in hospitalization and rarely, death. Currently, the only vaccines approved for use in humans are live virus vaccines against AdV-4 and AdV-7, though these vaccines are only authorized for use in U.S. military personnel. While they are efficacious, use of these live virus vaccines carries considerable risks of vaccine-associated viral shedding and recombination. Here, we present an alternative vaccination strategy against AdV-7 using the virus-like particle platform (AdVLP-7). We describe the production of stable recombinant AdVLP-7, and demonstrate that AdVLP-7 is structurally analogous to wild-type AdV-7 virions (WT AdV-7). Preclinical immunogenicity studies in mice show that AdVLP-7 elicits a potent humoral immune response, comparable to that observed in mice immunized with WT AdV-7. Specifically, AdVLP-7 induces high titers of antibodies against AdV-7-specific antigens that can effectively neutralize AdV-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mazboudi
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Resch
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | - Ke Wen
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | - Paul Gottlieb
- CUNY School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Aleksandra Alimova
- CUNY School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Reza Khayat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Natalie D Collins
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Robert A Kuschner
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Jose M Galarza
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA.
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8
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Wang Y, Wang M, Bao R, Wang L, Du X, Qiu S, Yang C, Song H. A novel humanized tri-receptor transgenic mouse model of HAdV infection and pathogenesis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29026. [PMID: 37578851 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a highly virulent respiratory pathogen that poses clinical challenges in terms of diagnostics and treatment. Currently, no effective therapeutic drugs or prophylactic vaccines are available for HAdV infections. One factor contributing to this deficiency is that existing animal models, including wild-type and single-receptor transgenic mice, are unsuitable for HAdV proliferation and pathology testing. In this study, a tri-receptor transgenic mouse model expressing the three best-characterized human cellular receptors for HAdV (hCAR, hCD46, and hDSG2) was generated and validated via analysis of transgene insertion, receptor mRNA expression, and protein abundance distribution. Following HAdV-7 infection, the tri-receptor mice exhibited high transcription levels at the early and late stages of the HAdV gene, as well as viral protein expression. Furthermore, the tri-receptor mice infected with HAdV exhibited dysregulated cytokine responses and multiple tissue lesions. This transgenic mouse model represents human HAdV infection and pathogenesis with more accuracy than any other reported animal model. As such, this model facilitates the comprehensive investigation of HAdV pathogenesis as well as the evaluation of potential vaccines and therapeutic modalities for HAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Public Heaith, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renlong Bao
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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9
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Recent Developments in NSG and NRG Humanized Mouse Models for Their Use in Viral and Immune Research. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020478. [PMID: 36851692 PMCID: PMC9962986 DOI: 10.3390/v15020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models have been widely used in virology, immunology, and oncology in the last decade. With advances in the generation of knockout mouse strains, it is now possible to generate animals in which human immune cells or human tissue can be engrafted. These models have been used for the study of human infectious diseases, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of humanized mice to model human-specific viral infections. A human immune system in these models is crucial to understand the pathogenesis observed in human patients, which allows for better treatment design and vaccine development. Recent advances in our knowledge about viral pathogenicity and immune response using NSG and NRG mice are reviewed in this paper.
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10
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An Old Acquaintance: Could Adenoviruses Be Our Next Pandemic Threat? Viruses 2023; 15:v15020330. [PMID: 36851544 PMCID: PMC9966032 DOI: 10.3390/v15020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are one of the most important pathogens detected in acute respiratory diseases in pediatrics and immunocompromised patients. In 1953, Wallace Rowe described it for the first time in oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue. To date, more than 110 types of HAdV have been described, with different cellular tropisms. They can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, even urinary tract inflammation, although most infections are asymptomatic. However, there is a population at risk that can develop serious and even lethal conditions. These viruses have a double-stranded DNA genome, 25-48 kbp, 90 nm in diameter, without a mantle, are stable in the environment, and resistant to fat-soluble detergents. Currently the diagnosis is made with lateral flow immunochromatography or molecular biology through a polymerase chain reaction. This review aimed to highlight the HAdV variability and the pandemic potential that a HAdV3 and 7 recombinant could have considering the aggressive outbreaks produced in health facilities. Herein, we described the characteristics of HAdV, from the infection to treatment, vaccine development, and the evaluation of the social determinants of health associated with HAdV, suggesting the necessary measures for future sanitary control to prevent disasters such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with an emphasis on the use of recombinant AdV vaccines to control other potential pandemics.
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11
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Nilson R, Krutzke L, Wienen F, Rojewski M, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Schrezenmeier H, Kochanek S, Kritzinger A. Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Carriers for the Delivery of Oncolytic HAdV-5 to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Viruses 2023; 15:218. [PMID: 36680258 PMCID: PMC9864513 DOI: 10.3390/v15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are of significant therapeutic interest due to their ability to deliver oncolytic adenoviruses to tumors. This approach is also investigated for targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). HAdV-5-HexPos3, a recently reported capsid-modified vector based on human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5), showed strongly improved infection of both hMSCs and the HNSCC cell line UM-SCC-11B. Given that, we generated life cycle-unmodified and -modified replication-competent HAdV-5-HexPos3 vector variants and analyzed their replication within bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived hMSCs. Efficient replication was detected for both life cycle-unmodified and -modified vectors. Moreover, we analyzed the migration of vector-carrying hMSCs toward different HNSCCs. Although migration of hMSCs to HNSCC cell lines was confirmed in vitro, no homing of hMSCs to HNSCC xenografts was observed in vivo in mice and in ovo in a chorioallantoic membrane model. Taken together, our data suggest that HAdV-5-HexPos3 is a potent candidate for hMSC-based oncolytic therapy of HNSCCs. However, it also emphasizes the importance of generating optimized in vivo models for the evaluation of hMSC as carrier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik Wienen
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Binns C, Low WY, Shunnmugam B. The Year of the Rabbit and the COVID Pandemic. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:5-6. [PMID: 36694949 PMCID: PMC9895313 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221150836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,Colin Binns, School of Population Health,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845,
Australia.
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Small DNA tumor viruses and human cancer: Preclinical models of virus infection and disease. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 14:200239. [PMID: 35636683 PMCID: PMC9194455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumor viruses cause various human cancers that account for at least 15% of the global cancer burden. Among the currently identified human tumor viruses, two are small DNA tumor viruses: human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The study of small DNA tumor viruses (adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses) has facilitated several significant biological discoveries and established some of the first animal models of virus-associated cancers. The development and use of preclinical in vivo models to study HPVs and MCPyV and their role in human cancer is the focus of this review. Important considerations in the design of animal models of small DNA tumor virus infection and disease, including host range, cell tropism, choice of virus isolates, and the ability to recapitulate human disease, are presented. The types of infection-based and transgenic model strategies that are used to study HPVs and MCPyV, including their strengths and limitations, are also discussed. An overview of the current models that exist to study HPV and MCPyV infection and neoplastic disease are highlighted. These comparative models provide valuable platforms to study various aspects of virus-associated human disease and will continue to expand knowledge of human tumor viruses and their relationship with their hosts.
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