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Ji L, Lou S, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhu W, Liang G, Lee K, Luo W, Zhuang Z. Patchouli Alcohol Protects the Heart against Diabetes-Related Cardiomyopathy through the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:631. [PMID: 38794201 PMCID: PMC11124524 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a common pathological state brought about by diabetes mellitus (DM). Patchouli alcohol (PatA) is known for its diverse advantageous effects, notably its anti-inflammatory properties and protective role against metabolic disorders. Despite this, the influence of PatA on DCM remains relatively unexplored. To explore the effect of PatA on diabetes-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction in mice, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to mimic type 1 diabetes in mice. Serological markers and echocardiography show that PatA treatment protects the heart against cardiomyopathy by controlling myocardial fibrosis but not by reducing hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Discovery Studio 2017 software was used to perform reverse target screening of PatA, and we found that JAK2 may be a potential target of PatA. RNA-seq analysis of heart tissues revealed that PatA activity in the myocardium was primarily associated with the inflammatory fibrosis through the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In vitro, we also found that PatA alleviates high glucose (HG) + palmitic acid (PA)-induced fibrotic and inflammatory responses via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in H9C2 cells. Our findings illustrate that PatA mitigates the effects of HG + PA- or STZ-induced cardiomyopathy by acting on the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These insights indicate that PatA could potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ji
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shuaijie Lou
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yi Fang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xu Wang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Guang Liang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Kwangyoul Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wu Luo
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Chemical Biology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (L.J.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
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Radzioch E, Dąbek B, Balcerczyk-Lis M, Frąk W, Fularski P, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-From Basics through Diagnosis to Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:765. [PMID: 38672121 PMCID: PMC11048005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the development of myocardial dysfunction in patients with diabetes despite the absence of comorbidities such as hypertension, atherosclerosis or valvular defect. The cardiovascular complications of poorly controlled diabetes are very well illustrated by the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which showed a clear association between increasing levels of glycated hemoglobin and the development of heart failure (HF). The incidence of HF in patients with diabetes is projected to increase significantly, which is why its proper diagnosis and treatment is so important. Providing appropriate therapy focusing on antidiabetic and hypolipemic treatment with the consideration of pharmacotherapy for heart failure reduces the risk of CMD and reduces the incidence of cardiovascular complications. Health-promoting changes made by patients such as a low-carbohydrate diet, regular exercise and weight reduction also appear to be important in achieving appropriate outcomes. New hope for the development of therapies for DCM is offered by novel methods using stem cells and miRNA, which, however, require more thorough research to confirm their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Radzioch
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dąbek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Balcerczyk-Lis
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Frąk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Quaiyoom A, Kumar R. An Overview of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e121023222139. [PMID: 37842898 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998255538231001122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disorder that is characterised by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle in the absence of hypertension, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, or coronary artery disease (CAD). After witnessing a particular form of cardiomyopathy in diabetic individuals, Rubler et al. came up with the moniker diabetic cardiomyopathy in 1972. Four stages of DCM are documented, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Stage and New York Heart Association Class for HF have some overlap. Diabetes is linked to several distinct forms of heart failure. Around 40% of people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have diabetes, which is thought to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Diabetes and HF are uniquely associated in a bidirectional manner. When compared to the general population without diabetes, those with diabetes have a risk of heart failure that is up to four times higher. A biomarker is a trait that is reliably measured and assessed as a predictor of healthy biological activities, pathological processes, or pharmacologic responses to a clinical treatment. Several biomarker values have been discovered to be greater in patients with diabetes than in control subjects among those who have recently developed heart failure. Myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy are the primary characteristics of DCM, and structural alterations in the diabetic myocardium are often examined by non-invasive, reliable, and reproducible procedures. An invasive method called endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is most often used to diagnose many cardiac illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Quaiyoom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Fan Y, Yan Z, Li T, Li A, Fan X, Qi Z, Zhang J. Primordial Drivers of Diabetes Heart Disease: Comprehensive Insights into Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:19-36. [PMID: 38173376 PMCID: PMC10850268 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has been regarded as a hallmark of diabetes heart disease (DHD). Numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance can affect blood circulation and myocardium, which indirectly cause cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling, participating in the pathogenesis of DHD. Meanwhile, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia associated with insulin resistance can directly impair the metabolism and function of the heart. Targeting insulin resistance is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of DHD. Currently, the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenic development of DHD is still under active research, as the pathological roles involved are complex and not yet fully understood, and the related therapeutic approaches are not well developed. In this review, we describe insulin resistance and add recent advances in the major pathological and physiological changes and underlying mechanisms by which insulin resistance leads to myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in the diabetic heart, including exosomal dysfunction, ferroptosis, and epigenetic factors. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches to improve insulin resistance and accelerate the development of cardiovascular protection drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbiao Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Institute of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Jiang W, Liu Z, Liu S, Du T. Associations of advanced liver fibrosis with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetic patients according to obesity and metabolic goal achievement status. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1183075. [PMID: 37941902 PMCID: PMC10628500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is frequently coexisted with obesity, poor glycemic, blood pressure (BP), and/or lipid control. We aimed to investigate the associations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced fibrosis with HFpEF according to obesity, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), BP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal achievement status in T2DM patients. Methods A total of 2,418 T2DM patients who were hospitalized were cross-sectionally assessed. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by non-invasive biomarkers. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent and combined associations of fibrosis status and diabetic care goal attainments with HFpEF risk. Results Simple steatosis was not associated with HFpEF risk compared with patients without steatosis, while advanced liver fibrosis was found to have significantly higher odds for HFpEF risk (odds ratio,1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.08). Advanced fibrosis in NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF, regardless of obesity status, HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C goal achievement status. P values for the interactions between fibrosis status and HbA1c control status, fibrosis status and BP control status, fibrosis status and LDL-C control status, and fibrosis status and body mass index (BMI) status on HFpEF risk were 0.021, 0.13, 0.001, and 0.23, respectively. Conclusion In patients with T2DM, advanced hepatic fibrosis was significantly associated with HFpEF risk, irrespective of obesity status, HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C goal attainment status. Further, HbA1c and LDL-C goal attainment status modified this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhelong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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D’Haese S, Verboven M, Evens L, Deluyker D, Lambrichts I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, Bito V. Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Training Alleviate Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3950. [PMID: 37764732 PMCID: PMC10535416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is an encouraging approach to treat cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not understood. We aim to investigate whether and, if so, how moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alleviate adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats with T2DM. Male rats received standard chow (n = 10) or Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM. Hereafter, WD rats were subjected to a 12-week sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), running MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 7). Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were assessed during the oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were evaluated. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements evaluated cardiac function. Underlying cardiac mechanisms were investigated by histology, western blot and colorimetry. We found that MIT and HIIT lowered insulin resistance and blood glucose levels compared to sedentary WD rats. MIT decreased harmful plasma AGE levels. In the heart, MIT and HIIT lowered end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular wall thickness and interstitial collagen deposition. Cardiac citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial oxidative capacity marker, raised after both exercise training modalities. We conclude that MIT and HIIT are effective in alleviating diastolic dysfunction and pathological cardiac remodeling in T2DM, by lowering fibrosis and optimizing mitochondrial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim Verboven
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Lize Evens
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - BO Eijnde
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- UHasselt, SMRC Sports Medical Research Center, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Dominique Hansen
- UHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
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Dasari D, Goyal SG, Penmetsa A, Sriram D, Dhar A. Canagliflozin protects diabetic cardiomyopathy by mitigating fibrosis and preserving the myocardial integrity with improved mitochondrial function. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175720. [PMID: 37054940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are approved antidiabetic drugs with a beneficial effect on reducing major adverse cardiac events and heart failure hospitalization. Among them, canagliflozin has the least selectivity toward SGLT-2 over the SGLT-1 isoform. Canagliflozin can inhibit SGLT-1 at therapeutic levels; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of canagliflozin on SGLT1 expression in an animal model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its associated effects. In vivo studies were carried out in the most clinically relevant high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and in vitro studies were performed using cultured rat cardiomyocytes stimulated with high glucose and palmitic acid. DCM was induced in male Wistar rats for 8 weeks with or without 10 mg/kg canagliflozin treatment. At the end of the study, systemic and molecular characteristics were measured using immunofluorescence, quantitative RT‒PCR, immunoblotting, histology, and FACS analysis. SGLT-1 expression was upregulated in DCM hearts and was associated with fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy. Canagliflozin treatment attenuated these changes. The histological evaluation showed improved myocardial structure, and in vitro results revealed improved mitochondrial quality and biogenesis after canagliflozin treatment. In conclusion, canagliflozin protects the DCM heart by inhibiting myocardial SGLT-1 and associated hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Thus, developing novel pharmacological inhibitors targeting SGLT-1 could be a better strategy for treating DCM and associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dasari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Srashti Gopal Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Anuhya Penmetsa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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Ghosh N, Chacko L, Bhattacharya H, Vallamkondu J, Nag S, Dey A, Karmakar T, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R, Dewanjee S. Exploring the Complex Relationship between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications: Understanding Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Promising Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041126. [PMID: 37189744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular complications are two unmet medical emergencies that can occur together. The rising incidence of heart failure in diabetic populations, in addition to apparent coronary heart disease, ischemia, and hypertension-related complications, has created a more challenging situation. Diabetes, as a predominant cardio-renal metabolic syndrome, is related to severe vascular risk factors, and it underlies various complex pathophysiological pathways at the metabolic and molecular level that progress and converge toward the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM involves several downstream cascades that cause structural and functional alterations of the diabetic heart, such as diastolic dysfunction progressing into systolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and subsequent heart failure over time. The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in diabetes have shown promising results, including improved contractile bioenergetics and significant cardiovascular benefits. The purpose of this article is to highlight the various pathophysiological, metabolic, and molecular pathways that contribute to the development of DCM and its significant effects on cardiac morphology and functioning. Additionally, this article will discuss the potential therapies that may be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD 20850-3173, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Biosciences & Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Tanushree Karmakar
- Dr. B C Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chrysohoou C, Fragoulis C, Leontsinis I, Gastouniotis I, Fragouli D, Georgopoulos M, Mantzouranis E, Noutsou M, Tsioufis KP. Cardiometabolic Care: Assessing Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with No Overt Cardiovascular Disease in the Light of Heart Failure Development Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:1384. [PMID: 36986114 PMCID: PMC10056430 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to the development of heart failure (HF) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are multifactorial. Assessing the risk of HF development in patients with DM is valuable not only for the identification of a high-risk subgroup, but also equally important for defining low-risk subpopulations. Nowadays, DM and HF have been recognized as sharing similar metabolic pathways. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of HF can be independent of LVEF classification. Consequently, approaching HF should be through structural, hemodynamic and functional evaluation. Thus, both imaging parameters and biomarkers are important tools for the recognition of diabetic patients at risk of HF manifestation and HF phenotypes, and arrhythmogenic risk, and eventually for prognosis, aiming to improve patients' outcomes utilizing drugs and non-pharmaceutical cardioprotective tools such as diet modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chrysohoou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Christos Fragoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leontsinis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gastouniotis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Dimitra Fragouli
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Maximos Georgopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Mantzouranis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Marina Noutsou
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P. Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
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10
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Han S, Hou Y, Liu H, Zhao Q. The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine treating diabetic cardiomyopathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31269. [PMID: 36451502 PMCID: PMC9704940 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy, secondary to diabetes, is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes. In China, traditional Chinese medicine has achieved good performance in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been published on the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy by traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS This study strictly followed the preferred guidelines for systematic review. Two researchers searched seven databases: EMbase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WANFANG Database. The retrieval time limit ranged from the establishment of the database to August 2022. All clinical randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS This study analyzed the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic heart disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- Zibo Branch of the 960th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zibo, China
- * Correspondence: Shuo Han, Zibo Branch of the 960th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zibo 255300, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yuan Hou
- Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huaman Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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11
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Oyeleye SI, Ademiluyi AO, Raymond OO, Oboh G. Synergistic cardioprotective ability of co-administration of Moringa supplemented diets and acarbose in diabetic cardiomyopathy involves attenuation of cholinergic, purinergic, monoaminergic, renin-angiotensin system, and antioxidant pathways. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14475. [PMID: 36219759 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to the multifaceted therapy involved. Here, we evaluated the combinatorial effect of Moringa leaf (ML) and seed (MS) supplemented diets plus acarbose (ACA) on cardiac acetylcholinesterase (AChE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), adenosine deaminase (ADA), monoamine oxidase (MAO), arginase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and thiols levels. The diets and ACA (25 mg/kg) were administered for 14 days. The fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), cardiac AChE, ATPase, ADA, MAO, arginase, ACE, LDH activities, and TBARS and thiol levels were determined. Relative to the normal rats, the biomarkers were significantly increased in DM rats but were suppressed significantly in the diets plus ACA-treated rats while improving antioxidant status, with the 4% Moringa plus ACA proving outstanding compared to individual ML/MS and ACA. In addition, ML-supplemented diets with/without ACA had better effects compared to MS with/without ACA, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of ML/MS supplemented diets and ACA synergistically modulates the tested biochemicals. However, the effect on blood vessels and the nerves that control the heart, stiffness of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, fibrosis, cell signaling abnormalities, related gene expression, clinical trials, and echocardiology studies should be further investigated to affirm this claim. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Moringa oleifera has been a vocal appetite in mitigating cardiovascular disease induced by diabetes, but the formulation of a medicinal diet as an ameliorative route of attention to the pathology is fairly addressed, not talking of its combination with the synthetic antidiabetic drug, such as ACA. Based on this experiment, it is imperative to explore such an idea. This research shows that co-administration of moringa leaf/seed formulated diets plus ACA exhibits a synergistic effect in DCM management. However, further research is needed in this field of experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday I Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ojo O Raymond
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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12
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Sharma U, Chakraborty M, Chutia D, Bhuyan NR. Cellular and molecular mechanisms, genetic predisposition and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100126. [PMID: 36568261 PMCID: PMC9780063 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease affecting millions of people worldwide. This disease is not limited to metabolic disorders but also affects several vital organs in the body and can lead to major complications. People with diabetes mellitus are subjected to cardiovascular complications, such as cardiac myopathy, which can further result in major complications such as diabetes-induced cardiac failure. The mechanism underlying diabetes-induced cardiac failure requires further research; however, several contributing factors have been identified to function in tandem, such as reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, formation of advanced glycation end-products, altered substrate utilisation by mitochondria, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and lipotoxicity. Genetic factors such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs, as well as epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, also contribute to complications. These factors are potential targets for developing effective new therapies. This review article aims to facilitate in depth understanding of these contributing factors and provide insights into the correlation between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications. Some alternative targets with therapeutic potential are discussed to indicate favourable targets for the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Sharma
- Himalayan Pharmacy Institute Majhitar, Rangpo, Sikkim, 737132, India
| | | | - Devid Chutia
- Himalayan Pharmacy Institute Majhitar, Rangpo, Sikkim, 737132, India
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13
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gao Y, San T, Li X, Song S, Yan B, Zhao Z. Advances in application of single-cell RNA sequencing in cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905151. [PMID: 35958408 PMCID: PMC9360414 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution information on transcriptomic changes at the single-cell level, which is of great significance for distinguishing cell subtypes, identifying stem cell differentiation processes, and identifying targets for disease treatment. In recent years, emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have been used to make breakthroughs regarding decoding developmental trajectories, phenotypic transitions, and cellular interactions in the cardiovascular system, providing new insights into cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the technical processes of single-cell RNA sequencing and the latest progress based on single-cell RNA sequencing in the field of cardiovascular system research, compares single-cell RNA sequencing with other single-cell technologies, and summarizes the extended applications and advantages and disadvantages of single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, the prospects for applying single-cell RNA sequencing in the field of cardiovascular research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian San
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Binglong Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Zhao
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