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Mähler B, Janssen K, Lönartz MI, Lagos M, Geisler T, Rust J, Bierbaum G. Time-dependent microbial shifts during crayfish decomposition in freshwater and sediment under different environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1539. [PMID: 36707669 PMCID: PMC9883499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fossilization processes and especially the role of bacterial activity during the preservation of organic material has not yet been well understood. Here, we report the results of controlled taphonomic experiments with crayfish in freshwater and sediment. 16S rRNA amplicon analyzes showed that the development of the bacterial community composition over time was correlated with different stages of decay and preservation. Three dominating genera, Aeromonas, Clostridium and Acetobacteroides were identified as the main drivers in the decomposition of crayfish in freshwater. Using micro-computed tomography (µ-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS), calcite clusters were detected after 3-4 days inside crayfish carcasses during their decomposition in freshwater at 24 °C. The precipitation of calcite clusters during the decomposition process was increased in the presence of the bacterial genus Proteocatella. Consequently, Proteocatella might be one of the bacterial genera responsible for fossilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mähler
- Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Janssen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mara Iris Lönartz
- Section Geochemistry, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6): Nuclear Waste Management, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Lagos
- Section Geochemistry, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Geisler
- Section Geochemistry, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jes Rust
- Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Nakamura E, Ozaki N, Oaki Y, Imai H. Cellulose intrafibrillar mineralization of biological silica in a rice plant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7886. [PMID: 33846494 PMCID: PMC8042044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The essence of morphological design has been a fascinating scientific problem with regard to understanding biological mineralization. Particularly shaped amorphous silicas (plant opals) play an important role in the vital activity in rice plants. Although various organic matters are associated with silica accumulation, their detailed functions in the shape-controlled mineralization process have not been sufficiently clarified. In the present study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were found to be essential as a scaffold for silica accumulation in rice husks and leaf blades. Prior to silicification, CNFs ~ 10 nm wide are sparsely stacked in a space between the epidermal cell wall and the cuticle layer. Silica nanoparticles 20-50 nm in diameter are then deposited in the framework of the CNFs. The shape-controlled plant opals are formed through the intrafibrillar mineralization of silica nanoparticles on the CNF scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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3
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Lang A, Mijowska S, Polishchuk I, Fermani S, Falini G, Katsman A, Marin F, Pokroy B. Acidic Monosaccharides become Incorporated into Calcite Single Crystals*. Chemistry 2020; 26:16860-16868. [PMID: 33405235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, along with proteins and peptides, are known to represent a major class of biomacromolecules involved in calcium carbonate biomineralization. However, in spite of multiple physical and biochemical characterizations, the explicit role of saccharide macromolecules (long chains of carbohydrate molecules) in mineral deposition is not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of two common acidic monosaccharides (MSs), the two simplest forms of acidic carbohydrates, namely glucuronic and galacturonic acids, on the formation of calcite crystals in vitro. We show here that the size, morphology, and microstructure of calcite crystals are altered when they are grown in the presence of these MSs. More importantly, these MSs were found to become incorporated into the calcite crystalline lattice and induce anisotropic lattice distortions, a phenomenon widely studied for other biomolecules related to CaCO3 biomineralization, but never before reported in the case of single MSs. Changes in the calcite lattice induced by MSs incorporation were precisely determined by high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. We believe that the results of this research may deepen our understanding of the interaction of saccharide polymers with an inorganic host and shed light on the implications of carbohydrates for biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Lang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sylwia Mijowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simona Fermani
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Alexander Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
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4
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Volpe MG, Ghia D, Safari O, Paolucci M. Fast non-destructive assessment of heavy metal presence by ATR-FTIR analysis of crayfish exoskeleton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21021-21031. [PMID: 32253699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater crayfish are bioindicators of environmental pollution, often used for the assessment of heavy metal (HM) presence in the tissues, a time-consuming and expensive task. In this study, we propose the use of the vibrational spectroscopy to detect in a fast, non-destructive and sensitive way the presence of HM in the cephalothorax exoskeleton of the freshwater crayfish. Incorporation of HM into the cephalothorax exoskeleton was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. In particular, the cephalothorax exoskeleton of five crayfish species (Astacus leptodactylus, Procambarus clarkii, Austropotamobius pallipes, Faxonius limosus, and Pacifastacus leniusculus) was analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the presence or absence of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) up to 4 weeks at various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, ppm). The ATR-FTIR profile of the crayfish cephalothorax exoskeleton was compatible with the presence of amorphous calcium carbonate, chitin, and proteins. The incubation with the HM revealed two main modifications: the shift of the peak from 859 to 872 cm-1 and the appearance of a peak at 712 cm-1. Both are ascribable to the HM interaction with calcium carbonate. The absorbance of both peaks increased along with the time of incubation, and the HM concentration. We conclude that ATR-FTIR analysis can be a useful, quick, and cost-sensitive tool to detect HM presence in the crayfish cephalothorax exoskeleton. However, it has to be regarded as a non-specific analytical technique for assessing HM contamination, since it is unable to discriminate between different HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Volpe
- Institute of Food Sciences -National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Daniela Ghia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Institute of Food Sciences -National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy.
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
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5
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Griffith MB, Lazorchak JM, Haring H. Uptake of Sulfate from Ambient Water by Freshwater Animals. WATER 2020; 12:1-1496. [PMID: 32704397 PMCID: PMC7376752 DOI: 10.3390/w12051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how the sulfate (SO4 2-) anion may contribute to the adverse effects associated with elevated ionic strength or salinity in freshwaters, we measured the uptake and efflux of SO4 2- in four freshwater species: the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, Teleostei: Cyprinidae), paper pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis, Bivalvia: Unionidae), red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Crustacea: Cambaridae), and two-lined mayfly (Hexagenia bilineata, Insecta: Ephemeridae). Using δ( 34 S/ 32 S) stable isotope ratios and the concentrations of S and SO4 2-, we measured the SO4 2- influx rate (J in ), net flux (J net ), and efflux rate (Jout) during a 24 h exposure period. For all four species, the means of J in for SO4 2- were positive, and J in was significantly greater than 0 at both target SO4 2- concentrations in the fish and mollusk and at the lower SO4 2- concentration in the crayfish. The means of J out and J net were much more variable than those for J in , but several species by target SO4 2- concentration combinations for J out and J net , were negative, which suggests the net excretion of SO4 2- by the animals. The results of our experiments suggest a greater regulation of SO4 2- in freshwater animals than has been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Griffith
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - James M. Lazorchak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Herman Haring
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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6
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Peng Y, Ji W, Zhang D, Ji H, Liu S. Composition and content analysis of fluoride in inorganic salts of the integument of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Sci Rep 2019; 9:7853. [PMID: 31133736 PMCID: PMC6536536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ash of Antarctic krill integument (AAKI) was prepared by sintering the integument at 550°C under air atmosphere for 4 hours, and its composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD results showed that the major phase in AAKI was ascribed to apatite. Besides, it was noticed that the (300) peak of AAKI shifted to 33.07°, which was coincident with that of fluorapatite (FA). The FTIR results confirmed the presence of phosphate ions, and the absence of -OH. The EDS results confirmed the presence of Ca, P, O and F elements in the ash sample. The content of FA in the ash was determined to be 50.4%, and the proportion of fluorine in the form of FA to the total fluorine in the integument was 40.5%. Based on the XRD, FTIR and EDS results, it can be concluded that FA was the main form of fluoride in the integument of Antarctic krill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhuai Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, 524088, Zhanjiang, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, 524048, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 510303, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, 524088, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, 524088, Zhanjiang, P.R. China.
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, 524088, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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7
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Martín-Ramos P, Carrión-Prieto P, Sánchez-Báscones M, Ruiz-Potosme NM, Martín-Gil J. On the composition of gastroliths from broiler breeders. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e504-e508. [PMID: 28983972 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the composition and origin of certain gastroliths or gizzard stones from broiler breeders (Gallus gallus domesticus). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction techniques were used as analysis tools. The main components resulted to be organic fibre and minerals referred to a pegmatite rock (quartz, feldspar albite and haematite) used as grit. Although the generally accepted purpose of gastroliths in chicken is the crushing and grinding of foodstuff in the ventriculus, the importance of mineral uptake from grit of iron and other essential elements such as Al, Ca, K, Cl, P, Ti, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn and Zr (in ppm) as a secondary effect of the abrasion and dissolution of gastroliths should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martín-Ramos
- EPS, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - J Martín-Gil
- ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
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8
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Neira-Carrillo A, Fernández MS, Hevia GP, Arias JL, Gebauer D, Cölfen H. Retrosynthesis of CaCO 3 via amorphous precursor particles using gastroliths of the Red Claw lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus). J Struct Biol 2017; 199:46-56. [PMID: 28506935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastroliths are highly calcified structures formed in the cardiac stomach wall of crustaceans for the temporary storage of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC). The gastrolithic ACC is stabilized by the presence of biomolecules, and represents a novel model for research into biomineralization. For the first time, an in vitro biomimetic retrosynthesis of scaffolds of gastrolithic matrices with CaCO3 is presented. With the help of synthetic polyacrylic (PAA) and phytic (PA) acids, amorphous precursor particles were stabilized in double (DD) and gas (GD) diffusion crystallization assays. The presence of these synthetic molecules as efficient inhibitors of nucleation and growth of CaCO3, and the use of biological gastrolith scaffolds as confined reaction environments determined the kinetics of crystallization, and controlled the morphogenesis of CaCO3. The formation of ACC particles was demonstrated and their crystallization was followed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Luis Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
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9
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High-resolution structural and elemental analyses of calcium storage structures synthesized by the noble crayfish Astacus astacus. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:206-222. [PMID: 27612582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During premolt, crayfish develop deposits of calcium ions, called gastroliths, in their stomach wall. The stored calcium is used for the calcification of parts of the skeleton regularly renewed for allowing growth. Structural and molecular analyses of gastroliths have been primarily performed on three crayfish species, Orconectes virilis, Procambarus clarkii, and more recently, Cherax quadricarinatus. We have performed high-resolution analyses of gastroliths from the native noble crayfish, Astacus astacus, focusing on the microstructure, the mineralogical and elemental composition and distribution in a comparative perspective. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations showed a classical layered microstructure composed of 200-nm diameter granules aligned along fibers. These granules are themselves composed of agglomerated nanogranules of 50nm-mean diameters. Denser regions of bigger fused granules are also present. Micro-Raman spectroscopy show that if A. astacus gastroliths, similarly to the other analyzed gastroliths, are mainly composed of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), they are also rich in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The presence of a carotenoid pigment is also observed in A. astacus gastrolith contrary to C. quadricarinatus. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses demonstrate the presence of minor elements such as Mg, Sr, Si and P. The distribution of this last element is particularly heterogeneous. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) reveals an alternation of layers more or less rich in phosphorus evidenced in the mineral phase as well as in the organic matrix in different molecular forms. Putative functions of the different P-comprising molecules are discussed.
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10
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Luquet G, Dauphin Y, Percot A, Salomé M, Ziegler A, Fernández MS, Arias JL. Calcium Deposits in the Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus: Microstructure Versus Elemental Distribution. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:22-38. [PMID: 26818557 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus stores calcium ions, easily mobilizable after molting, for calcifying parts of the new exoskeleton. They are chiefly stored as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) during each premolt in a pair of gastroliths synthesized in the stomach wall. How calcium carbonate is stabilized in the amorphous state in such a biocomposite remains speculative. The knowledge of the microstructure at the nanometer level obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy gave relevant information on the elaboration of such an ACC-stabilized biomineral. We observed nanogranules distributed along chitin-protein fibers and the aggregation of granules in thin layers. AFM confirmed the nanolevel structure, showing granules probably surrounded by an organic layer and also revealing a second level of aggregation as described for other crystalline biominerals. Raman analyses showed the presence of ACC, amorphous calcium phosphate, and calcite. Elemental analyses confirmed the presence of elements like Fe, Na, Mg, P, and S. P and S are heterogeneously distributed. P is present in both the mineral and organic phases of gastroliths. S seems present as sulfate (probably as sulfated sugars), sulfonate, sulfite, and sulfoxide groups and, in a lesser extent, as sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Luquet
- 1Sorbonne Universités,Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA),UMR MNHN/CNRS-7208/UPMC/UCN/UA/IRD-207,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle,75005 Paris,France
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- 2Sorbonne Universités,Département Systèmatique et Evolution,Mammifères et Oiseaux,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle,75005 Paris,France
| | - Aline Percot
- 3Sorbonne Universités,MONARIS, UMR 8233 CNRS/UPMC,Université Paris 06,75005 Paris,France
| | - Murielle Salomé
- 4ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,38000 Grenoble,France
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- 5Central Facility for Electron Microscopy,University of Ulm,89069 Ulm,Germany
| | - Maria S Fernández
- 6Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,University of Chile,Santiago de Chile,Chile
| | - José L Arias
- 6Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,University of Chile,Santiago de Chile,Chile
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11
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Fernández MS, Arias JI, Neira-Carrillo A, Arias JL. Austromegabalanus psittacus barnacle shell structure and proteoglycan localization and functionality. J Struct Biol 2015; 191:263-71. [PMID: 26276577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyzes of biomineralization models have being crucial for the understanding of the functional properties of biominerals and the elucidation of the processes through which biomacromolecules control the synthesis and structural organization of inorganic mineral-based biomaterials. Among calcium carbonate-containing bioceramics, egg, mollusk and echinoderm shells, and crustacean carapaces, have being fairly well characterized. However, Thoraceca barnacles, although being crustacea, showing molting cycle, build a quite stable and heavily mineralized shell that completely surround the animal, which is for life firmly cemented to the substratum. This makes barnacles an interesting model for studying processes of biomineralization. Here we studied the main microstructural and ultrastructural features of Austromegabalanus psittacus barnacle shell, characterize the occurrence of specific proteoglycans (keratan-, dermatan- and chondroitin-6-sulfate proteoglycans) in different soluble and insoluble organic fractions extracted from the shell, and tested them for their ability to crystallize calcium carbonate in vitro. Our results indicate that, in the barnacle model, proteoglycans are good candidates for the modification of the calcite crystal morphology, although the cooperative effect of some additional proteins in the shell could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - J I Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Neira-Carrillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J L Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Hodson ME, Benning LG, Demarchi B, Penkman KEH, Rodriguez-Blanco JD, Schofield PF, Versteegh EAA. Biomineralisation by earthworms - an investigation into the stability and distribution of amorphous calcium carbonate. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2015; 16:4. [PMID: 26028991 PMCID: PMC4441739 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-015-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many biominerals form from amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), but this phase is highly unstable when synthesised in its pure form inorganically. Several species of earthworm secrete calcium carbonate granules which contain highly stable ACC. We analysed the milky fluid from which granules form and solid granules for amino acid (by liquid chromatography) and functional group (by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) compositions. Granule elemental composition was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Mass of ACC present in solid granules was quantified using FTIR and compared to granule elemental and amino acid compositions. Bulk analysis of granules was of powdered bulk material. Spatially resolved analysis was of thin sections of granules using synchrotron-based μ-FTIR and EMPA electron microprobe analysis. RESULTS The milky fluid from which granules form is amino acid-rich (≤ 136 ± 3 nmol mg-1 (n = 3; ± std dev) per individual amino acid); the CaCO3 phase present is ACC. Even four years after production, granules contain ACC. No correlation exists between mass of ACC present and granule elemental composition. Granule amino acid concentrations correlate well with ACC content (r ≥ 0.7, p ≤ 0.05) consistent with a role for amino acids (or the proteins they make up) in ACC stabilisation. Intra-granule variation in ACC (RSD = 16%) and amino acid concentration (RSD = 22-35%) was high for granules produced by the same earthworm. Maps of ACC distribution produced using synchrotron-based μ-FTIR mapping of granule thin sections and the relative intensity of the ν2: ν4 peak ratio, cluster analysis and component regression using ACC and calcite standards showed similar spatial distributions of likely ACC-rich and calcite-rich areas. We could not identify organic peaks in the μ-FTIR spectra and thus could not determine whether ACC-rich domains also had relatively high amino acid concentrations. No correlation exists between ACC distribution and elemental concentrations determined by EMPA. CONCLUSIONS ACC present in earthworm CaCO3 granules is highly stable. Our results suggest a role for amino acids (or proteins) in this stability. We see no evidence for stabilisation of ACC by incorporation of inorganic components. Graphical abstractSynchrotron-based μ-FTIR mapping was used to determine the spatial distribution of amorphous calcium carbonate in earthworm-produced CaCO3 granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Hodson
- />Environment Department, University of York, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Liane G Benning
- />Cohen Laboratories, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
- />GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bea Demarchi
- />BioArCh, Departments of Chemistry and Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kirsty E H Penkman
- />BioArCh, Departments of Chemistry and Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Juan D Rodriguez-Blanco
- />Cohen Laboratories, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
- />Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul F Schofield
- />Mineral and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Emma A A Versteegh
- />Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Wokingham, RG6 6DW UK
- />NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
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