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Santovito LS, Shaikh M, Sharma D, Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Effect of Alcohol on Clock Synchrony and Tissue Circadian Homeostasis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400234. [PMID: 39126133 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder accounts for a growing worldwide health system concern. Alcohol causes damages to various organs, including intestine and liver, primarily involved in its absorption and metabolism. However, alcohol-related organ damage risk varies significantly among individuals, even when they report consuming comparable dosages of alcohol. Factor(s) that may modulate the risk of organ injuries from alcohol consumption could be responsible for inter-individual variations in susceptibility to alcohol-related organ damages. Accumulating evidence suggests disruptions in circadian rhythm can exacerbate alcohol-related organ damages. Here we investigated the interplay between alcohol, circadian rhythm, and key tissue cellular processes at baseline, after a regular and a shift in the light/dark cycle (LCD) in mice. Central/peripheral clock expression of core clock genes (CoClGs) was analyzed. We also studied circadian homeostasis of tissue cellular processes that are involved in damages from alcohol. These experiments reveal that alcohol affects the expression of CoClGs causing a central-peripheral dyssynchrony, amplified by shift in LCD. The observed circadian clock dyssynchrony was linked to circadian disorganization of key processes involved in the alcohol-related damages, particularly when alcohol was combined with LCD. These results offer insights into the mechanisms by which alcohol interacts with circadian rhythm disruption to promote organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca S Santovito
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Research Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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2
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Li X, Zhuang R, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wu F, Wu X, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhu W, Zhang B. Nobiletin Protects Against Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice via the BMAL1-AKT-Lipogenesis Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300833. [PMID: 38850176 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a global public health concern. Nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone abundant in citrus fruits, enhances circadian rhythms and ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but its influences on ALD are unknown. This study investigates the role of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1), a key regulator of the circadian clock, in nobiletin-alleviated ALD. METHODS AND RESULTS This study uses chronic ethanol feeding plus an ethanol binge to establish ALD models in Bmal1flox/flox and Bmal1 liver-specific knockout (Bmal1LKO) mice. Nobiletin mitigates ethanol-induced liver injury (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), glucose intolerance, hepatic apoptosis, and lipid deposition (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC]) in Bmal1flox/flox mice. Nobiletin fails to modulated liver injury (ALT, aspartate aminotransferase [AST]), apoptosis, and TG accumulation in Bmal1LKO mice. The expression of lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha [Acaca], fatty acid synthase [Fasn]) and fatty acid oxidative genes (carnitine pamitoyltransferase [Cpt1a], cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 10 [Cyp4a10], and cytochrome P450, family4, subfamily a, polypeptide 14 [Cyp4a14]) is inhibited, and the expression of proapoptotic genes (Bcl2 inteacting mediator of cell death [Bim]) is enhanced by ethanol in Bmal1flox/flox mice. Nobiletin antagonizes the expression of these genes in Bmal1flox/flox mice and not in Bmal1LKO mice. Nobiletin activates protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) phosphorylation, increases the levels of the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), ACC1, and FASN, and reduces the level of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and phosphorylation of ACC1 in a Bmal1-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Nobiletin alleviates ALD by increasing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation by increasing AKT phosphorylation and lipogenesis in a Bmal1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Toxicological and Biochemical Test, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510440, China
| | - Runxuan Zhuang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuchun Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhitian Lu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Toxicological and Biochemical Test, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510440, China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicological and Biochemical Test, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510440, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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3
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Pourali G, Ahmadzade AM, Arastonejad M, Pourali R, Kazemi D, Ghasemirad H, Khazaei M, Fiuji H, Nassiri M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. The circadian clock as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1243-1255. [PMID: 37405534 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very high mortality rate globally. Despite ongoing efforts, its prognosis has not improved significantly over the last two decades. Thus, further approaches for optimizing treatment are required. Various biological processes oscillate in a circadian rhythm and are regulated by an endogenous clock. The machinery controlling the circadian cycle is tightly coupled with the cell cycle and can interact with tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes; and can therefore potentially influence cancer progression. Understanding the detailed interactions may lead to the discovery of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and new potential targets for treatment. Here, we explain how the circadian system relates to the cell cycle, cancer, and tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes. Furthermore, we propose that circadian clock genes may be potential biomarkers for some cancers and review the current advances in the treatment of PC by targeting the circadian clock. Despite efforts to diagnose pancreatic cancer early, it still remains a cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. While studies have shown the role of molecular clock disruption in tumor initiation, development, and therapy resistance, the role of circadian genes in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis is not yet fully understood and further studies are required to better understand the potential of circadian genes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahshid Arastonejad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Roozbeh Pourali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ghasemirad
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, 37 Kent Street, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Simon L, Bourgeois BL, Molina PE. Alcohol and Skeletal Muscle in Health and Disease. Alcohol Res 2023; 43:04. [PMID: 37937295 PMCID: PMC10627576 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v43.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol-related myopathy is one of the earliest alcohol-associated pathological tissue changes that is progressively exacerbated by cumulative long-term alcohol misuse. Acute and chronic alcohol use leads to changes in skeletal muscle mass and function. As discussed in this evidence-based review, alcohol-mediated mechanisms are multifactorial with effects on anabolic and catabolic signaling, mitochondrial bioenergetics, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epigenomic alterations. However, systematic studies are limited, especially regarding the acute effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle. SEARCH METHODS This review focuses on peer-reviewed manuscripts published between January 2012 and November 2022 using the search terms "alcohol" or "ethanol" and "skeletal muscle" in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science using EndNote reference management software. SEARCH RESULTS Eligible manuscripts included full-length research papers that discussed acute and chronic effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle mass and function in both clinical and preclinical studies. The review also includes alcohol-mediated skeletal muscle effects in the context of comorbidities. The three databases together yielded 708 manuscripts. Of these, the authors excluded from this review 548 papers that did not have "alcohol" or "muscle" in the title and 64 papers that were duplicates or did not discuss skeletal muscle. Thus, of all the manuscripts considered for this review, 96 are included and 612 are excluded. Additionally, relevant papers published earlier than 2012 are included to provide context to the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Both acute and chronic alcohol use decrease protein synthesis and increase protein degradation. Alcohol also impairs mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, there is a gap in the literature on the known alcohol-mediated mechanisms, including senescence, role of immune activation, and interorgan communication, on the development of alcohol-related myopathy. With increased life expectancy, changing alcohol use patterns, and increasing frequency of alcohol use among females, current observational studies are needed on the prevalence of alcohol-related myopathy. Additionally, the compounding effects of acute and chronic alcohol use on skeletal muscle with aging or exercise, in response to injury or disuse, and in the context of comorbidities including diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), call for further investigation. Though evidence suggests that abstinence or reducing alcohol use can improve muscle mass and function, they are not restored to normal levels. Hence, understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms can help in the design of therapeutic strategies to improve skeletal muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Brianna L Bourgeois
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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5
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Diclofenac Disrupts the Circadian Clock and through Complex Cross-Talks Aggravates Immune-Mediated Liver Injury-A Repeated Dose Study in Minipigs for 28 Days. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021445. [PMID: 36674967 PMCID: PMC9863319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac effectively reduces pain and inflammation; however, its use is associated with hepato- and nephrotoxicity. To delineate mechanisms of injury, we investigated a clinically relevant (3 mg/kg) and high-dose (15 mg/kg) in minipigs for 4 weeks. Initially, serum biochemistries and blood-smears indicated an inflammatory response but returned to normal after 4 weeks of treatment. Notwithstanding, histopathology revealed drug-induced hepatitis, marked glycogen depletion, necrosis and steatosis. Strikingly, the genomic study revealed diclofenac to desynchronize the liver clock with manifest inductions of its components CLOCK, NPAS2 and BMAL1. The > 4-fold induced CRY1 expression underscored an activated core-loop, and the dose dependent > 60% reduction in PER2mRNA repressed the negative feedback loop; however, it exacerbated hepatotoxicity. Bioinformatics enabled the construction of gene-regulatory networks, and we linked the disruption of the liver-clock to impaired glycogenesis, lipid metabolism and the control of immune responses, as shown by the 3-, 6- and 8-fold induced expression of pro-inflammatory CXCL2, lysozyme and ß-defensin. Additionally, diclofenac treatment caused adrenocortical hypertrophy and thymic atrophy, and we evidenced induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity by immunohistochemistry. Given that REV-ERB connects the circadian clock with hepatic GR, its > 80% repression alleviated immune responses as manifested by repressed expressions of CXCL9(90%), CCL8(60%) and RSAD2(70%). Together, we propose a circuitry, whereby diclofenac desynchronizes the liver clock in the control of the hepatic metabolism and immune response.
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Yang Z, Han S, Zhang T, Kusumanchi P, Huda N, Tyler K, Chandler K, Skill NJ, Tu W, Shan M, Jiang Y, Maiers JL, Perez K, Ma J, Liangpunsakul S. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Messenger RNAs Responsible for the Progression of Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1361-1372. [PMID: 35134262 PMCID: PMC9134803 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. We hypothesized that the expression of specific coding genes is critical for the progression of alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) from compensated to decompensated states. For the discovery phase, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of 16 peripheral blood RNA samples, 4 healthy controls (HCs) and 12 patients with AC. The DEGs from the discovery cohort were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a separate cohort of 17 HCs and 48 patients with AC (17 Child-Pugh A, 16 Child-Pugh B, and 15 Child-Pugh C). We observed that the numbers of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were more pronounced with worsening disease severity. Pathway analysis for differentially expressed genes for patients with Child-Pugh A demonstrated genes involved innate immune responses; those in Child-Pugh B belonged to genes related to oxidation and alternative splicing; those in Child-Pugh C related to methylation, acetylation, and alternative splicing. We found significant differences in the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and ribonucleoprotein, PTB binding 1 (RAVER1) in peripheral blood of those who died during the follow-up when compared to those who survived. Conclusion: Unique mRNAs that may implicate disease progression in patients with AC were identified by using a transcriptomic approach. Future studies to confirm our results are needed, and comprehensive mechanistic studies on the implications of these genes in AC pathogenesis and progression should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchPeking University Cancer HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Kelsey Tyler
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Kristina Chandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Skill
- Department of SurgeryLouisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Mu Shan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jessica L. Maiers
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Kristina Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
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7
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Özata Uyar G, Yildiran H. The association among circadian rhythm, circadian genes and chrononutrition, its effect on obesity: a review of current evidence. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2044631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Özata Uyar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Ishay Y, Kolben Y, Kessler A, Ilan Y. Role of circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system in liver function: a hypothetical basis for improving the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G400-G412. [PMID: 34346773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00186.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common, incapacitating complication of cirrhosis that affects many patients with cirrhosis. Although several therapies have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of this condition, several patients continue to suffer from covert disease or episodes of relapse. The circadian rhythm has been demonstrated to be pivotal for many body functions, including those of the liver. Here, we explore the impact of circadian rhythm-dependent signaling on the liver and discuss the evidence of its impact on liver pathology and metabolism. We describe the various pathways through which circadian influences are mediated. Finally, we introduce a novel method for improving patient response to drugs aimed at treating HE by utilizing the circadian rhythm. A digital system that introduces a customization-based technique for improving the response to therapies is presented as a hypothetical approach for improving the effectiveness of current medications used for the treatment of recurrent and persistent hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Yang Z, Smalling RV, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Kusumanchi P, Bogaert W, Wang L, Delker DA, Skill NJ, Han S, Zhang T, Ma J, Huda N, Liangpunsakul S. The role of SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e140687. [PMID: 34423788 PMCID: PMC8410014 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a spectrum of histopathological changes, including alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. One of the early responses to excessive alcohol consumption is lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. Lipid ω-hydroxylation of medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolized by the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) family is an alternative pathway for fatty acid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms of CYP4A in ALD pathogenesis have not been elucidated. In this study, WT and Shp−/− mice were fed with a modified ethanol-binge, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model (10 days of ethanol feeding plus single binge). Liver tissues were collected every 6 hours for 24 hours and analyzed using RNA-Seq. The effects of REV-ERBα agonist (SR9009, 100 mg/kg/d) or CYP4A antagonist (HET0016, 5 mg/kg/d) in ethanol-fed mice were also evaluated. We found that hepatic Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 expression were significantly upregulated in WT mice, but not in Shp−/− mice, fed with ethanol. ChIP quantitative PCR and promoter assay revealed that REV-ERBα is the transcriptional repressor of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14. Rev-Erbα−/− hepatocytes had a marked induction of both Cyp4a genes and lipid accumulation. REV-ERBα agonist SR9009 or CYP4A antagonist HET0016 attenuated Cyp4a induction by ethanol and prevented alcohol-induced steatosis. Here, we have identified a role for the SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of ALD. Our data also suggest REV-ERBα or CYP4A as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rana V Smalling
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Will Bogaert
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Don A Delker
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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10
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Gut Microbiota at the Intersection of Alcohol, Brain, and the Liver. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030541. [PMID: 33540624 PMCID: PMC7867253 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, increased research into the cognizance of the gut-liver-brain axis in medicine has yielded powerful evidence suggesting a strong association between alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) and the brain, including hepatic encephalopathy or other similar brain disorders. In the gut-brain axis, chronic, alcohol-drinking-induced, low-grade systemic inflammation is suggested to be the main pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with ALD. However, the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites have remained unclear. Eubiosis of the gut microbiome is crucial as dysbiosis between autochthonous bacteria and pathobionts leads to intestinal insult, liver injury, and neuroinflammation. Restoring dysbiosis using modulating factors such as alcohol abstinence, promoting commensal bacterial abundance, maintaining short-chain fatty acids in the gut, or vagus nerve stimulation could be beneficial in alleviating disease progression. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic mechanisms linked with the gut-liver-brain axis in the development and progression of brain disorders associated with ALD in both experimental models and humans. Further, we discuss the therapeutic potential and future research directions as they relate to the gut-liver-brain axis.
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Yao Y, Zuo A, Deng Q, Liu S, Zhan T, Wang M, Xu H, Ma J, Zhao Y. Physcion Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Reprogramming of Circadian Clock. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573074. [PMID: 33381029 PMCID: PMC7768821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.573074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a key role in our daily physiology and metabolism. Alcohol consumption disrupts the circadian rhythm of metabolic genes in the liver; however, the potential contribution of circadian clock modulation to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is unknown. We identified a novel liver protective agent, physcion, which can alleviate fat accumulation and inflammation in ALD mice via reprogramming the hepatic circadian clock. The model of alcoholic hepatitis was established by intragastrically administering ethanol. In vitro, physcion was investigated by treating HepG2 cells with ethanol. The role of circadian clock in Physcion caused liver protection was tested by knocking down the core circadian gene Bmal1. Physcion application caused reduced lipogenesis and alleviated inflammation in alcohol-induced mice. In alcoholic hepatosteatosis models, physcion upregulated the core circadian genes. And the circadian misalignment triggered by ethanol was efficiently reversed by physcion. Physcion attenuated lipogenesis via reprogramming the circadian clock in HepG2 cells. Suppression of Bmal1 by RNA interference abolished the protective of physcion. In addition, Physcion binds to the active pocket of BMAL1 and promotes its expression. The study identified the novel liver protective effects of physcion on alcohol-induced liver injury, and modulation of the core circadian clock regulators contributes to ALD alleviation. More importantly, strategies targeting the circadian machinery, for example, Bmal1, may prove to be beneficial treatment options for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Along Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qiyu Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shikang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianying Zhan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haidong Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- School of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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O' Neill JS, Hoyle NP, Robertson JB, Edgar RS, Beale AD, Peak-Chew SY, Day J, Costa ASH, Frezza C, Causton HC. Eukaryotic cell biology is temporally coordinated to support the energetic demands of protein homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4706. [PMID: 32943618 PMCID: PMC7499178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast physiology is temporally regulated, this becomes apparent under nutrient-limited conditions and results in respiratory oscillations (YROs). YROs share features with circadian rhythms and interact with, but are independent of, the cell division cycle. Here, we show that YROs minimise energy expenditure by restricting protein synthesis until sufficient resources are stored, while maintaining osmotic homeostasis and protein quality control. Although nutrient supply is constant, cells sequester and store metabolic resources via increased transport, autophagy and biomolecular condensation. Replete stores trigger increased H+ export which stimulates TORC1 and liberates proteasomes, ribosomes, chaperones and metabolic enzymes from non-membrane bound compartments. This facilitates translational bursting, liquidation of storage carbohydrates, increased ATP turnover, and the export of osmolytes. We propose that dynamic regulation of ion transport and metabolic plasticity are required to maintain osmotic and protein homeostasis during remodelling of eukaryotic proteomes, and that bioenergetic constraints selected for temporal organisation that promotes oscillatory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S O' Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | | | | | - Rachel S Edgar
- Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Andrew D Beale
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Jason Day
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Helen C Causton
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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13
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Bishehsari F, Preuss F, Mirbagheri SS, Zhang L, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A. Interaction of alcohol with time of eating on markers of circadian dyssynchrony and colon tissue injury. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109132. [PMID: 32437693 PMCID: PMC7315934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol increases the risk of developing colon cancer (CRC), in part via tissue inflammation and impaired barrier integrity. Circadian dyssynchrony (CD) is an understudied but common lifestyle associated factor that increases the risk of multi-organ tissue injury and number of malignancies including CRC. Our prior studies showed that the shift in light-dark cycle exacerbates barrier dysfunction and colonic inflammation in the setting of alcohol treatment, and increases the risk of CRC. Here we studied the interaction of alcohol with an abnormal eating pattern on markers of CD and colonic barrier integrity. METHOD Mice were subjected to day (rest-phase = wrong-time WT) or night-time (active-phase = right-time RT) access to food in combination with access to water or 15% alcohol for total duration of 10 weeks. The food and liquid intake was measured. The locomotor activity data was recorded throughout the study, using a beam-break system. Mice were euthanized at two time points (ZT2 and ZT14). Time variation in the expression of the molecular marker of circadian clock (per2 gene) was measured in the central (hypothalamus) and intestinal (colon) tissue. Colonic protein expression of barrier markers (Occludin and Claudin-1) was studied. RESULTS No significant differences were present in the weight gain and alcohol intake among the groups over the study period. We observed an interaction of WT eating with alcohol on behavioral markers of circadian rhythm. Compared to the RT + Water treated animals ("reference group"), combination of WT eating and alcohol consumption (WT + Alcohol) significantly changed the per2 oscillatory pattern, that was different between the colon and hypothalamus, indicative of worsening circadian dyssynchrony. This was associated with an overall impaired expression of barrier integrity markers in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol induces circadian dyssynchrony which is worsened by abnormal food timing, associated with impaired barrier integrity in the colon. Future studies on the interaction of alcohol and food timing could provide further insights into alcohol associated CRC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Fabian Preuss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA
| | - Seyed Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nine-Year Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:876-884. [PMID: 32282335 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A 9-year cohort study was performed among Chinese men who underwent their annual health checkups between 2009 and 2018. NAFLD was diagnosed based on abdominal ultrasound with exclusion of excess alcohol intake and other causes of liver disease. Logistic regression and Cox proportional regression analyses were applied to identify the risk of prevalent and incident T2DM. RESULTS Of the 7,079 participants enrolled, 243 had T2DM at baseline and 630 developed T2DM during the 45,456 person-years follow-up. Both at the baseline and by the end of the follow-up, LMAC was associated with a decreased risk of prevalent T2DM in NAFLD-free participants but with a significantly increased risk in patients with NAFLD. LMAC was also associated with a decreased risk of incident T2DM in NAFLD-free participants. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of incident T2DM were 0.224 (0.115-0.437) and 0.464 (0.303-0.710) for NAFLD-free light drinkers and NAFLD-free moderate drinkers, respectively. Nondrinking, light-drinking, and moderate-drinking patients with NAFLD all showed significantly increased risks of incident T2DM. Compared with NAFLD-free nondrinkers, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of incident T2DM were 1.672 (1.336-2.092), 2.642 (1.958-3.565), and 2.687 (2.106-3.427) for nondrinking, light-drinking, and moderate-drinking patients with NAFLD, respectively. DISCUSSION LMAC decreased the risks of prevalent and incident T2DM in NAFLD-free participants. LMAC, however, was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in patients with NAFLD (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03847116).
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15
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Distinct metabolic adaptation of liver circadian pathways to acute and chronic patterns of alcohol intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25250-25259. [PMID: 31757851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911189116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking and chronic exposure to ethanol contribute to alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs). A potential link between ALDs and circadian disruption has been observed, though how different patterns of alcohol consumption differentially impact hepatic circadian metabolism remains virtually unexplored. Using acute versus chronic ethanol feeding, we reveal differential reprogramming of the circadian transcriptome in the liver. Specifically, rewiring of diurnal SREBP transcriptional pathway leads to distinct hepatic signatures in acetyl-CoA metabolism that are translated into the subcellular patterns of protein acetylation. Thus, distinct drinking patterns of alcohol dictate differential adaptation of hepatic circadian metabolism.
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16
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Teschke R. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Current Mechanistic Aspects with Focus on Their Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E68. [PMID: 31491888 PMCID: PMC6783919 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is broad and includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fibrosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma, best explained as a five-hit sequelae of injurious steps. ALD is not primarily the result of malnutrition as assumed for many decades but due to the ingested alcohol and its metabolic consequences although malnutrition may marginally contribute to disease aggravation. Ethanol is metabolized in the liver to the heavily reactive acetaldehyde via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS). The resulting disturbances modify not only the liver parenchymal cells but also non-parenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). These are activated by acetaldehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endotoxins, which are produced from bacteria in the gut and reach the liver due to gut leakage. A variety of intrahepatic signaling pathways and innate or acquired immune reactions are under discussion contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD via the five injurious hits responsible for disease aggravation. As some of the mechanistic steps are based on studies with in vitro cell systems or animal models, respective proposals for humans may be considered as tentative. However, sufficient evidence is provided for clinical risk factors that include the amount of alcohol used daily for more than a decade, gender differences with higher susceptibility of women, genetic predisposition, and preexisting liver disease. In essence, efforts within the last years were devoted to shed more light in the pathogenesis of ALD, much has been achieved but issues remain to what extent results obtained from experimental studies can be transferred to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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17
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Teschke R. Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing System: Success Over 50 Years and an Encouraging Future. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:386-400. [PMID: 30667528 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years ago, in 1968, the pioneering scientists Charles S. Lieber and Leonore M. DeCarli discovered the capacity for liver microsomes to oxidize ethanol (EtOH) and named it the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), which revolutionized clinical and experimental alcohol research. The last 50 years of MEOS are now reviewed and highlighted. Since its discovery and as outlined in a plethora of studies, significant insight was gained regarding the fascinating nature of MEOS: (i) MEOS is distinct from alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase, representing a multienzyme complex with cytochrome P450 (CYP) and its preferred isoenzyme CYP 2E1, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and phospholipids; (ii) it plays a significant role in alcohol metabolism at high alcohol concentrations and after induction due to prolonged alcohol use; (iii) hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals promote microsomal EtOH oxidation, assisted by phospholipid peroxides; (iv) new aspects focus on microsomal oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with intermediates such as hydroxyethyl radical, ethoxy radical, acetyl radical, singlet radical, hydroxyl radical, alkoxyl radical, and peroxyl radical; (v) triggered by CYP 2E1, ROS are involved in the initiation and perpetuation of alcoholic liver injury, consequently shifting the previous nutrition-based concept to a clear molecular-based disease; (vi) intestinal CYP 2E1 induction and ROS are involved in endotoxemia, leaky gut, and intestinal microbiome modifications, together with hepatic CYP 2E1 and liver injury; (vii) circulating blood CYP 2E1 exosomes may be of diagnostic value; (viii) circadian rhythms provide high MEOS activities associated with significant alcohol metabolism and potential toxicity risks as a largely neglected topic; and (ix) a variety of genetic animal models are useful and have been applied elucidating mechanistic aspects of MEOS. In essence, MEOS along with its CYP 2E1 component currently explains several mechanistic steps leading to alcoholic liver injury and has a promising future in alcohol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (RT), Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is a series of complex processes that control influx and efflux of not only hepatic lipid pools, but also organismal pools. Lipid homeostasis is usually tightly controlled by expression, substrate supply, oxidation and secretion that keep hepatic lipid pools relatively constant. However, perturbations of any of these processes can lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Although it is thought that these responses are hepatic arms of the 'thrifty genome', they are maladaptive in the context of chronic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol is likely unique among toxins, in that it perturbs almost all aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism. This complex response is due in part to the large metabolic demand placed on the organ by alcohol metabolism, but also appears to involve more nuanced changes in expression and substrate supply. The net effect is that steatosis is a rapid response to alcohol abuse. Although transient steatosis is largely an inert pathology, the chronicity of alcohol-related liver disease seems to require steatosis. Better and more specific understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol causes steatosis may therefore translate into targeted therapies to treat alcohol-related liver disease and/or prevent its progression.
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19
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Banach E, Pawlak J, Kapelski P, Szczepankiewicz A, Rajewska-Rager A, Skibinska M, Czerski P, Twarowska-Hauser J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M. Clock genes polymorphisms in male bipolar patients with comorbid alcohol abuse. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:142-146. [PMID: 30121446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity affects 24-65% patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 45% of which have alcohol abuse/dependence (AAD). Despite the fact that BD has an equal incidence in both genders, AAD more often occurs in men. We hypothesized that the presence of BD and AAD, reported as a secondary diagnosis, may result from a common genetic background. However, specific genetic factors predispose to gender differences. METHODS Based on the relationship between circadian clock genes pathway and BD/AAD we decided to test the connection of four core clock genes with common genetic background of both diseases. We analyzed 436 patients with BD, among which 17% were diagnosed with AAD. The control group consisted of 417 healthy subjects. We analyzed 44 SNPs of the previously described core molecular clock genes: CLOCK, ARNTL, TIMELESS and PER3. RESULT We found association of ARNTL gene (rs11600996) and PER3 gene (rs228642) polymorphisms with an increased risk of BD/AAD in a group of male patients. We also found that two other polymorphisms of PER3 gene, rs228682 and rs2640909, were associated with both AAD and family history of affective disorders. LIMITATIONS Possible factors that could have influenced the results are: relatively small sample size, gender disproportion and unverifiable data form the patient interview. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the existence of a link between clock genes and increased risk of alcohol abuse/dependence in male patients and the accumulation of risk genes in patients with a positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Banach
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maria Skibinska
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Piotr Czerski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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20
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Teschke R. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Alcohol Metabolism, Cascade of Molecular Mechanisms, Cellular Targets, and Clinical Aspects. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E106. [PMID: 30424581 PMCID: PMC6316574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is the result of cascade events, which clinically first lead to alcoholic fatty liver, and then mostly via alcoholic steatohepatitis or alcoholic hepatitis potentially to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenetic events are linked to the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde as its first oxidation product generated via hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), which depends on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1), and is inducible by chronic alcohol use. MEOS induction accelerates the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde that facilitates organ injury including the liver, and it produces via CYP 2E1 many reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ethoxy radical, hydroxyethyl radical, acetyl radical, singlet radical, superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, alkoxyl radical, and peroxyl radical. These attack hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and their signaling mediators such as interleukins, interferons, and growth factors, help to initiate liver injury including fibrosis and cirrhosis in susceptible individuals with specific risk factors. Through CYP 2E1-dependent ROS, more evidence is emerging that alcohol generates lipid peroxides and modifies the intestinal microbiome, thereby stimulating actions of endotoxins produced by intestinal bacteria; lipid peroxides and endotoxins are potential causes that are involved in alcoholic liver injury. Alcohol modifies SIRT1 (Sirtuin-1; derived from Silent mating type Information Regulation) and SIRT2, and most importantly, the innate and adapted immune systems, which may explain the individual differences of injury susceptibility. Metabolic pathways are also influenced by circadian rhythms, specific conditions known from living organisms including plants. Open for discussion is a 5-hit working hypothesis, attempting to define key elements involved in injury progression. In essence, although abundant biochemical mechanisms are proposed for the initiation and perpetuation of liver injury, patients with an alcohol problem benefit from permanent alcohol abstinence alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Leimenstrasse 20, D-63450 Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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21
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Zhang D, Tong X, Nelson BB, Jin E, Sit J, Charney N, Yang M, Omary MB, Yin L. The hepatic BMAL1/AKT/lipogenesis axis protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice via promoting PPARα pathway. Hepatology 2018; 68:883-896. [PMID: 29534306 PMCID: PMC6428639 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is one of the major chronic liver diseases worldwide, ranging from fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and potentially, hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological studies suggest a potential link between ALD and impaired circadian rhythms, but the role of hepatic circadian proteins in the pathogenesis of ALD remains unknown. Here we show that the circadian clock protein BMAL1 in hepatocytes is both necessary and sufficient to protect mice from ALD. Ethanol diet-fed mice with liver-specific knockout (Bmal1-LKO) or depletion of Bmal1 develop more severe liver steatosis and injury as well as a simultaneous suppression of both de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which can be rescued by the supplementation of synthetic PPARα ligands. Restoring de novo lipogenesis in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice by constitutively active AKT not only elevates hepatic fatty acid oxidation but also alleviates ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Furthermore, hepatic over-expression of lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP, but not SREBP-1c, in the liver of Bmal1-LKO mice also increases fatty acid oxidation and partially reduces ethanol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Conclusion: we identified a protective role of BMAL1 in hepatocytes against ALD. The protective action of BMAL1 during alcohol consumption depends on its ability to couple ChREBP-induced de novo lipogenesis with PPARα-mediated fatty oxidation. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bradley B Nelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ethan Jin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julian Sit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Charney
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meichan Yang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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22
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Bailey SM. Emerging role of circadian clock disruption in alcohol-induced liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G364-G373. [PMID: 29848023 PMCID: PMC6732736 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00010.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental health effects of excessive alcohol consumption are well documented. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of death from chronic alcohol use. As with many diseases, the etiology of ALD is influenced by how the liver responds to other secondary insults. The molecular circadian clock is an intrinsic cellular timing system that helps organisms adapt and synchronize metabolism to changes in their environment. The clock also influences how tissues respond to toxic, environmental, and metabolic stressors, like alcohol. Consistent with the essential role for clocks in maintaining health, genetic and environmental disruption of the circadian clock contributes to disease. While a large amount of rich literature is available showing that alcohol disrupts circadian-driven behaviors and that circadian clock disruption increases alcohol drinking and preference, very little is known about the role circadian clocks play in alcohol-induced tissue injuries. In this review, recent studies examining the effect alcohol has on the circadian clock in peripheral tissues (liver and intestine) and the impact circadian clock disruption has on development of ALD are presented. This review also highlights some of the rhythmic metabolic processes in the liver that are disrupted by alcohol and potential mechanisms through which alcohol disrupts the liver clock. Improved understanding of the mechanistic links between the circadian clock and alcohol will hopefully lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating ALD and other alcohol-related organ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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You M, Zhou Z, Daniels M, Jogasuria A. Endocrine Adiponectin-FGF15/19 Axis in Ethanol-Induced Inflammation and Alcoholic Liver Injury. Gene Expr 2018; 18:103-113. [PMID: 29096734 PMCID: PMC5953845 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x15093738210295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease, encompassing a spectrum of progressive pathological changes from steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic steatosis/steatohepatitis is the initial stage of ALD and a major risk factor for advanced liver injuries. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 (human homolog, FGF19) is an ileum-derived hormone. Adipocyte-derived adiponectin and gut-derived FGF15/19 regulate each other, share common signaling cascades, and exert similar beneficial functions. Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulated adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis and impaired hepatic adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling are associated with alcoholic liver damage in rodents and humans. More importantly, endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling confers protection against ethanol-induced liver damage via fine tuning the adipose-intestine-liver crosstalk, leading to limited hepatic inflammatory responses, and ameliorated alcoholic liver injury. This review is focused on the recently discovered endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis that is emerging as an essential adipose-gut-liver coordinator involved in the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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24
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Ghosh Dastidar S, Warner JB, Warner DR, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Rodent Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Binge Ethanol Administration. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8010003. [PMID: 29342874 PMCID: PMC5871972 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both chronic and acute (binge) alcohol drinking are important health and economic concerns worldwide and prominent risk factors for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). There are no FDA-approved medications to prevent or to treat any stage of ALD. Therefore, discovery of novel therapeutic strategies remains a critical need for patients with ALD. Relevant experimental animal models that simulate human drinking patterns and mimic the spectrum and severity of alcohol-induced liver pathology in humans are critical to our ability to identify new mechanisms and therapeutic targets. There are several animal models currently in use, including the most widely utilized chronic ad libitum ethanol (EtOH) feeding (Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet model), chronic intragastric EtOH administration (Tsukamoto–French model), and chronic-plus-binge EtOH challenge (Bin Gao—National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) model). This review provides an overview of recent advances in rodent models of binge EtOH administration which help to recapitulate different features and etiologies of progressive ALD. These models include EtOH binge alone, and EtOH binge coupled with chronic EtOH intake, a high fat diet, or endotoxin challenge. We analyze the strengths, limitations, and translational relevance of these models, as well as summarize the liver injury outcomes and mechanistic insights. We further discuss the application(s) of binge EtOH models in examining alcohol-induced multi-organ pathology, sex- and age-related differences, as well as circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center and Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center and Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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25
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Ramani K, Tomasi ML, Berlind J, Mavila N, Sun Z. Role of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein Phosphorylation in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:640-655. [PMID: 29305319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is associated with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) scaffolds protein kinase C and cyclin-D1, which is regulated by its phosphorylation, and spatiotemporally controls cell proliferation, invasiveness, and chemotaxis. HSC activation induces AKAP12 expression, but the role of AKAP12's scaffolding activity in liver function is unknown. Because AKAP12 phosphorylation is enhanced in ethanol-treated HSCs, we examined AKAP12's scaffolding functions in alcohol-mediated HSC activation and liver injury. AKAP12 expression, interaction, and phosphorylation were assayed in in vitro and in vivo ethanol models and human subjects by real-time PCR, coimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and phosphorylated proteomics/Phos-tag. Ethanol induced AKAP12 phosphorylation in the liver and in primary HSCs, but not in hepatocytes. AKAP12's scaffolding activity for protein kinase C/cyclin-D1 decreased in ethanol-treated HSCs but not hepatocytes. AKAP12 negatively regulated HSC activation, which was reversed by ethanol-mediated AKAP12 phosphorylation. AKAP12 interacted with heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), which chaperones collagen and induces its secretion. Ethanol inhibited AKAP12-HSP47 and induced HSP47-collagen interaction. Ethanol-induced phosphorylated AKAP12 was unable to bind to HSP47 compared with its unphosphorylated counterpart, thereby proving that ethanol-mediated phosphorylation of AKAP12 inhibited the HSP47-AKAP12 scaffold. Silencing AKAP12 facilitated the chaperoning of collagen by HSP47. Hence, AKAP12 scaffolds HSP47 and regulates collagen-HSP47 interaction. Ethanol quenches AKAP12's scaffolding activity through phosphorylation and facilitates HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joshua Berlind
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nirmala Mavila
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Transplant Biology Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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De Nobrega AK, Mellers AP, Lyons LC. Aging and circadian dysfunction increase alcohol sensitivity and exacerbate mortality in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Gerontol 2017; 97:49-59. [PMID: 28750752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a rising problem in middle-aged and older individuals resulting in serious health, family and economic consequences. Effective treatment necessitates the identification of factors influencing alcohol toxicity with aging. We investigated the interaction between aging, alcohol toxicity and circadian function using Drosophila as a model system. We found as wild type flies age, sensitivity to alcohol increases and circadian regulation of alcohol-induced behaviors weakens. Decreased circadian modulation is correlated with significantly greater alcohol sensitivity during the subjective day. The circadian clock modulates alcohol-induced mortality in younger flies with increased mortality following alcohol exposure at night. Older flies exhibit significantly longer recovery times following alcohol-induced sedation and increased mortality following binge-like or chronic alcohol exposure. Flies rendered arrhythmic either genetically or environmentally exhibit significantly increased alcohol sensitivity, longer recovery times and increased mortality. We hypothesize that the circadian clock phase specifically buffers behavioral and cellular alcohol sensitivity with this protection diminishing as the circadian clock weakens with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Alana P Mellers
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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27
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PPARs and Mitochondrial Metabolism: From NAFLD to HCC. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7403230. [PMID: 28115925 PMCID: PMC5223052 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7403230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are widespread threats which bring about a significant burden of deaths worldwide, mainly due to cardiovascular events and cancer. The pathogenesis of these diseases is extremely complex, multifactorial, and only partially understood. As the main metabolic organ, the liver is central to maintain whole body energetic homeostasis. At the cellular level, mitochondria are the metabolic hub connecting and integrating all the main biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory signaling pathways to fulfill the energetic and biosynthetic demand of the cell. In the liver, mitochondria metabolism needs to cope with the energetic regulation of the whole body. The nuclear receptors PPARs orchestrate lipid and glucose metabolism and are involved in a variety of diseases, from metabolic disorders to cancer. In this review, focus is placed on the roles of PPARs in the regulation of liver mitochondrial metabolism in physiology and pathology, from NAFLD to HCC.
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28
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Tran M, Yang Z, Liangpunsakul S, Wang L. Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Distinct Cyclic Changes of Metabolites Altered by Chronic Ethanol-Plus-Binge and Shp Deficiency. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2548-2556. [PMID: 27790731 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and disruption of the circadian system facilitates the development of ALD. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is a nuclear receptor and critical regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. This study aimed at depicting circadian metabolomes altered by chronic EtOH-plus-binge and Shp deficiency using high-throughput metabolomics. METHODS Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and Shp-/- mice were fed the control diet (CD) or Lieber-DeCarli EtOH liquid diet (ED) for 10 days followed by a single bout of maltose (CD + M) or EtOH (ED + E) binge on the 11th day. Serum and liver were collected over a 24-hour light/dark (LD) cycle at Zeitgeber time ZT12, ZT18, ZT0, and ZT6, and metabolomics was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 110 metabolites were identified in liver and of those 80 were also present in serum from pathways of carbohydrates, lipids, pentose phosphate, amino acids, nucleotides, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. In the liver, 91% of metabolites displayed rhythmicity with ED + E, whereas in the serum, only 87% were rhythmic. Bioinformatics analysis identified unique metabolome patterns altered in WT CD + M, WT ED + E, Shp-/- CD + M, and Shp-/- ED + E groups. Specifically, metabolites from the nucleotide and amino acid pathway (ribose, glucose-6-phosphate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and sedoheptulose-7-P) were elevated in Shp-/- CD + M mice during the dark cycle, whereas metabolites including N-methylalanine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and 2-hydroxyglutarate were elevated in WT ED + E mice during the light cycle. The rhythmicity and abundance of other individual metabolites were also significantly altered by both control and EtOH diets. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics provides a useful means to identify unique metabolites altered by chronic EtOH-plus-binge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Yang Z, Tsuchiya H, Zhang Y, Lee S, Liu C, Huang Y, Vargas GM, Wang L. REV-ERBα Activates C/EBP Homologous Protein to Control Small Heterodimer Partner-Mediated Oscillation of Alcoholic Fatty Liver. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2909-2920. [PMID: 27664470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The small heterodimer partner (SHP) nuclear receptor is an important regulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, little is known about the role of SHP in alcoholic fatty liver. In this study, we used a modified chronic ethanol-binge model to examine cyclic alterations of lipid metabolism in wild-type (WT) and Shp-/- mice over a 24-hour period after binge. The serum and hepatic lipid profiles, as well as the expression of lipid synthesis genes and markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, exhibited distinct variations in WT and Shp-/- mice in response to ethanol diet plus ethanol binge (ED+E) and control diet plus maltose binge. ED+E induced steatosis in WT mice, which correlated with a marked up-regulation of activating transcription factor 4 protein (ATF4) but down-regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c protein (SREBP-1c). On the contrary, the control diet plus maltose binge caused lipid accumulation in Shp-/- mice, which was accompanied by a sharp elevation of CHOP, SREBP-1c, and REV-ERBα proteins but a diminished ATF4. REV-ERBα activated CHOP promoter activity and gene transcription, which were inhibited by SHP. Knockdown Rev-Erbα in Shp-/- mice prevented steatosis induced by ED+E. Our study revealed a critical role of SHP and REV-ERBα in controlling rhythmic CHOP expression in alcoholic fatty liver.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Ethanol/adverse effects
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/etiology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipogenesis
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics
- Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Chune Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gymar M Vargas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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30
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Souza-Smith FM, Lang CH, Nagy LE, Bailey SM, Parsons LH, Murray GJ. Physiological processes underlying organ injury in alcohol abuse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E605-19. [PMID: 27436613 PMCID: PMC5142006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the American Physiological Society (APS) Presidential Symposium 1 entitled "Physiological Processes Underlying Organ Injury in Alcohol Abuse" at the 2016 Experimental Biology meeting. The symposium was organized by Dr. Patricia Molina, past president of the APS, was held on April 3 at the Convention Center in San Diego, CA, and was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The "Physiological Processes Underlying Organ Injury in Alcohol Abuse Symposium" assembled experts and leaders in the field and served as a platform to discuss and share knowledge on the latest developments and scientific advances on the mechanisms underlying organ injury in alcohol abuse. This symposium provided unique, interdisciplinary alcohol research, including several organs, liver, muscle, adipose, and brain, affected by excessive alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Gary J Murray
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
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31
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Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Multi-Organ Alcohol-Related Damage: Mechanisms and Treatment. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020020. [PMID: 27092531 PMCID: PMC4919915 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption causes damage to various organs and systems.[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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