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Tran HT, Binh QA, Van Tung T, Pham DT, Hoang HG, Hai Nguyen NS, Xie S, Zhang T, Mukherjee S, Bolan NS. A critical review on characterization, human health risk assessment and mitigation of malodorous gaseous emission during the composting process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124115. [PMID: 38718963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Composting has emerged as a suitable method to convert or transform organic waste including manure, green waste, and food waste into valuable products with several advantages, such as high efficiency, cost feasibility, and being environmentally friendly. However, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly malodorous gases, are the major concern and challenges to overcome in facilitating composting. Ammonia (NH3) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methyl mercaptan (CH4S), primarily contributed to the malodorous gases emission during the entire composting process due to their low olfactory threshold. These compounds are mainly emitted at the thermophilic phase, accounting for over 70% of total gas emissions during the whole process, whereas methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are commonly detected during the mesophilic and cooling phases. Therefore, the human health risk assessment of malodorous gases using various indexes such as ECi (maximum exposure concentration for an individual volatile compound EC), HR (non-carcinogenic risk), and CR (carcinogenic risk) has been evaluated and discussed. Also, several strategies such as maintaining optimal operating conditions, and adding bulking agents and additives (e.g., biochar and zeolite) to reduce malodorous emissions have been pointed out and highlighted. Biochar has specific adsorption properties such as high surface area and high porosity and contains various functional groups that can adsorb up to 60%-70% of malodorous gases emitted from composting. Notably, biofiltration emerged as a resilient and cost-effective technique, achieving up to 90% reduction in malodorous gases at the end-of-pipe. This study offers a comprehensive insight into the characterization of malodorous emissions during composting. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to address these issues on a larger scale and provides a promising outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Quach An Binh
- Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Tra Van Tung
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Son Hai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, 23000, Viet Nam
| | - Shiyu Xie
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Agarwal K, Luk JW, Stangl BL, Schwandt ML, Momenan R, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Kareken DA, Leggio L, Ramchandani VA, Joseph PV. Parosmia Is Positively Associated With Problematic Drinking, as Is Phantosmia With Depressive Symptoms. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00315. [PMID: 38776446 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health problem with significant negative consequences, including preventable deaths. Although olfactory dysfunction is associated with chronic alcohol drinking, the relationship among specific types of olfactory deficits, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking remains to be explored. Here, we examined the prevalence of olfactory distortion (parosmia) and hallucination (phantosmia) and assessed their associations with problematic drinking and depressive symptoms. METHODS In April-June 2022, 250 participants across the spectrum of AUD were recruited for assessment in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Surveys covered self-reported olfactory function, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking, with key measures assessed, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Predictors in the analysis included parosmia and phantosmia, with covariates comprising age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, COVID-19 infection status, and smoking status. RESULTS Among 250 individuals, 5.2% experienced parosmia and 4.4% reported phantosmia. Parosmia was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (β = 7.14; 95% confidence interval = 3.31, 10.96; P < 0.001), whereas phantosmia was linked to higher Patient Health Questionnaire scores (β = 3.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.22, 6.42; P = 0.03). These associations persisted in both the full sample and the subset of participants without COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights strong existing links among olfactory deficits, problem drinking, and depressive symptoms, underscoring the need to assess smell impairments in clinical settings. Future research should explore these connections further to develop new treatments for individuals with AUD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- From the Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (KA, PVJ); Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (JWL, MLS, DG, ND); Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (BLS, VAR); Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (DG); Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (RM); Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (DAK); and Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (LL)
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Menger NS, Tognetti A, Farruggia MC, Mucignat C, Bhutani S, Cooper KW, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, D'Errico A, Pereda-Loth V, Pierron D, Koyama S, Croijmans I. Giving a Voice to Patients With Smell Disorders Associated With COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Analysis Using Natural Language Processing of Self-Reports. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47064. [PMID: 38728069 PMCID: PMC11127136 DOI: 10.2196/47064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell disorders are commonly reported with COVID-19 infection. The smell-related issues associated with COVID-19 may be prolonged, even after the respiratory symptoms are resolved. These smell dysfunctions can range from anosmia (complete loss of smell) or hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) to parosmia (smells perceived differently) or phantosmia (smells perceived without an odor source being present). Similar to the difficulty that people experience when talking about their smell experiences, patients find it difficult to express or label the symptoms they experience, thereby complicating diagnosis. The complexity of these symptoms can be an additional burden for patients and health care providers and thus needs further investigation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the smell disorder concerns of patients and to provide an overview for each specific smell disorder by using the longitudinal survey conducted in 2020 by the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research, an international research group that has been created ad hoc for studying chemosensory dysfunctions. We aimed to extend the existing knowledge on smell disorders related to COVID-19 by analyzing a large data set of self-reported descriptive comments by using methods from natural language processing. METHODS We included self-reported data on the description of changes in smell provided by 1560 participants at 2 timepoints (second survey completed between 23 and 291 days). Text data from participants who still had smell disorders at the second timepoint (long-haulers) were compared with the text data of those who did not (non-long-haulers). Specifically, 3 aims were pursued in this study. The first aim was to classify smell disorders based on the participants' self-reports. The second aim was to classify the sentiment of each self-report by using a machine learning approach, and the third aim was to find particular food and nonfood keywords that were more salient among long-haulers than those among non-long-haulers. RESULTS We found that parosmia (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.35-2.37; P<.001) as well as hyposmia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.34-2.26; P<.001) were more frequently reported in long-haulers than in non-long-haulers. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between long-hauler status and sentiment of self-report (P<.001). Finally, we found specific keywords that were more typical for long-haulers than those for non-long-haulers, for example, fire, gas, wine, and vinegar. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows consistent findings with those of previous studies, which indicate that self-reports, which can easily be extracted online, may offer valuable information to health care and understanding of smell disorders. At the same time, our study on self-reports provides new insights for future studies investigating smell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S Menger
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnaud Tognetti
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael C Farruggia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carla Mucignat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Keiland W Cooper
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Vonnie D C Shields
- Biological Sciences Department, Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States
| | - Anna D'Errico
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Denis Pierron
- Laboratoire Évolution et Santé Orale, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ilja Croijmans
- Language and Communication Department, Faculty of Arts, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Podlesek D, Beyer F, Alkhatib M, Daubner D, Hijazi MM, Juratli JH, Weise S, Eyüpoglu IY, Schackert G, Juratli TA, Hummel T. Correlation of Molecular Status with Preoperative Olfactory Function in Olfactory Groove Meningioma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1595. [PMID: 38672677 PMCID: PMC11048944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to examine the possible correlation between genomic alterations and preoperative olfactory function in patients with olfactory groove meningioma (OGM), due to the frequent presence of olfactory impairment. METHODS We utilised next-generation sequencing to analyse samples from 22 individuals with OGM in order to detect driver mutations. Tumour morphology was assessed using preoperative imaging, whereas olfactory function was examined using Sniffin' Sticks. RESULTS In a study of 22 OGM patients, mutations were as follows: 10 with SMO/SUFU, 7 with AKT1, and 5 as wild type. Planum sphenoidale hyperostosis (PSH) was present in 75% of patients, showing significant variation by mutation (p = 0.048). Tumour volumes, averaging 25 cm3, significantly differed among groups. PSH negatively impacted olfaction, notably affecting odour threshold, discrimination, identification, and global olfactory performance score (TDI) (p values ranging from <0.001 to 0.003). Perifocal oedema was associated with lower TDI (p = 0.009) and altered threshold scores (p = 0.038). Age over 65 and female gender were linked to lower thresholds and discrimination scores (p = 0.037 and p = 0.019). CONCLUSION The study highlights PSH and perifocal oedema's significant effect on olfactory function in OGM patients but finds no link between olfactory impairment and tumour mutations, possibly due to the small sample size. This suggests that age and gender affect olfactory impairment. Additional research with a larger group of participants is needed to explore the impact of OGM driver mutations on olfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Podlesek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Beyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Majd Alkhatib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Daubner
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mido Max Hijazi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerry Hadi Juratli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Weise
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilker Y. Eyüpoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tareq A. Juratli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Kalam S, Numbers K, Lipnicki DM, Lam BCP, Brodaty H, Reppermund S. The combination of olfactory dysfunction and depression increases the risk of incident dementia in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:130-141. [PMID: 37264675 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory dysfunction and depression are common in later life, and both have been presented as risk factors for dementia. Our purpose was to investigate the associations between these two risk factors and determine if they had an additive effect on dementia risk. DESIGN Olfactory function was assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), and depression was classified using a combination of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and current antidepressant use. Cross-sectional associations between depression and olfactory function were examined using correlations. Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between olfaction and depression and incident dementia across 12-years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 780 older adults (aged 70-90 years; 56.5% female) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) without a diagnosis of dementia at baseline. RESULTS Partial correlation revealed a nonsignificant association between baseline depression and olfactory function after accounting for covariates (r = -.051, p = .173). Cox regression showed that depression at baseline (hazard ratio = 1.706, 95% CI 1.185-2.456, p = .004) and lower BSIT scores (HR = .845, 95%CI .789-.905, p < .001) were independently associated with a higher risk of incident dementia across 12 years. Entering both predictors together improved the overall predictive power of the model. CONCLUSIONS Lower olfactory identification scores and depressive symptoms predict incident dementia over 12 years. The use of BSIT scores and depression in conjunction provides a greater ability to predict dementia than either used alone. Assessment of olfactory function and depression screening may provide clinical utility in the early detection of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Kalam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katya Numbers
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren M Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lubojacký J, Čábalová L, Mladoňová M, Hránková V, Krejčí T, Mičaník J, Miklošová M, Ličev L, Komínek P, Matoušek P. Transnasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery-The Role of a CT Scan in Individual Tailoring of Posterior Septum Size Resection. Tomography 2023; 9:2222-2232. [PMID: 38133076 PMCID: PMC10747678 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of predicting the minimum size of septal resection for safe tumor extraction in transnasal paraseptal pituitary adenoma resection from preoperative computed tomography scans. METHODS A retrospective CT scan analysis was performed on 20 patients who underwent endoscopic pituitary surgery at the University Hospital in Ostrava. Virtual insertion of the straight instrument into the sphenoid cavity was simulated using a CT scan. The minimum septal resection size was predicted and compared to various diameters in the nasal cavity. The results were then compared with cadaveric dissections, in which septal resections were performed at 1 cm and 2 cm distances from the anterior sphenoid wall. The association between cadaver dissections and CT scan results was studied. RESULTS A total of 20 patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery for pituitary adenoma between the years 2020 and 2021 were enrolled in the study. The mean virtual posterior septal size resection needed to reach the medial edge of the ICA with the straight instrument, without infracturing the nasal septum, was 13.2 mm. In cadavers with a 1 cm posterior septal resection, the medial edge of the ICA was reached with the straight instrument. In 2 cm resections, it was possible to reach beyond the lateral edge of the ICA. CONCLUSION There is no significant correlation between the minimum septal size resection and measured diameters in the nasal cavity. According to our study, a 1 cm resection is sufficient for a non-extended pituitary tumor extraction. More extensive septal resections allow for better maneuverability and overview in the surgical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lubojacký
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čábalová
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Mladoňová
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Viktória Hránková
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Krejčí
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mičaník
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Maria Miklošová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lačezar Ličev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB Technical University Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Komínek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matoušek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Gima E, Teh CSL, Nik Hassan NFH, Yaacob NM, Md Shukri N. Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:156-166. [PMID: 38239243 PMCID: PMC10793134 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.6.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory disorders (OD) are an umbrella term for a diverse group of smell problems. Numerous tests and questionnaires have been formulated to identify and test the severity of smell impairment, which is not readily available or translated for the Malaysian population. This study aimed to translate the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (QOD) and validate and test the reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary centres. A forward and backward translation was conducted for the QOD. The translated questionnaire was distributed to subjects with self-reported smell disorders on days 1 and 7. Internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was tested with an intraclass correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test construct validity. Results A total of 375 participants were recruited, 52 dropped out and 323 completed the questionnaire a second time. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.537 for parosmia (P), 0.892 for life quality (LQ), 0.637 for sincerity (S) and 0.865 for visual analogue score (VAS). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for domain scores was > 0.9, while the ICC for all items was good to excellent. A three-factor model for mQOD showed an acceptable fit with indices chi-square value (CMIN)/degree of freedom (DF) = 3.332, Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI) = 0.923, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.079 and standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.0574. Conclusion The mQOD is a valid and reliable tool for assessing OD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Carren Sui Lin Teh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Fariza Husna Nik Hassan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Dal Bò E, Natali L, Gentili C, Cecchetto C. Low odor awareness predicts reduced olfactory abilities in women with depressive symptoms, but not with anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:171-179. [PMID: 37290528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory disorders and affective symptoms are tightly related. However, the factors underlying this association are not yet understood. One candidate factor is "odor awareness": the degree of attention individuals pays to the odors. However, the association between odor awareness and olfactory abilities in individuals with affective symptoms has not been clarified yet. METHOD The present study examined whether odor awareness may moderate (a) the relation between olfactory dysfunctions and depressive and anxiety symptoms; (b) the relation between the perceptual ratings of the odors and depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of healthy women (n = 214). Self-report measures of depression and anxiety were collected, whereas the Sniffin' Stick test was employed to measure olfactory abilities. RESULTS Linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with higher depressive symptoms presented lower olfactory abilities and that odor awareness was a significant moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and olfactory abilities. Anxiety symptoms were not related to any of the olfactory abilities considered, and this relationship did not change according to odor awareness. The familiarity rating of the odor was significantly predicted by odor awareness. These results were confirmed by Bayesian statistics. LIMITATIONS The sample was composed only of women. CONCLUSIONS In a healthy population of women, only the presence of depressive symptoms is related to reduced olfactory performance. Odor awareness may be implicated in the development and maintenance of olfactory dysfunction; hence it could be used as a useful target for specific treatments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dal Bò
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Natali
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), Via Belzoni, 84, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), Via Belzoni, 84, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Athanassi A, Breton M, Chalençon L, Brunelin J, Didier A, Bath K, Mandairon N. Chronic unpredictable mild stress alters odor hedonics and adult olfactory neurogenesis in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1224941. [PMID: 37600017 PMCID: PMC10435088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1224941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiencing chronic stress significantly increases the risk for depression. Depression is a complex disorder with varied symptoms across patients. However, feeling of sadness and decreased motivation, and diminished feeling of pleasure (anhedonia) appear to be core to most depressive pathology. Odorants are potent signals that serve a critical role in social interactions, avoiding danger, and consummatory behaviors. Diminished quality of olfactory function is associated with negative effects on quality of life leading to and aggravating the symptoms of depression. Odor hedonic value (I like or I dislike this smell) is a dominant feature of olfaction and guides approach or avoidance behavior of the odor source. The neural representation of the hedonic value of odorants is carried by the granule cells in the olfactory bulb, which functions to modulate the cortical relay of olfactory information. The granule cells of the olfactory bulb and those of the dentate gyrus are the two major populations of cells in the adult brain with continued neurogenesis into adulthood. In hippocampus, decreased neurogenesis has been linked to development or maintenance of depression symptoms. Here, we hypothesize that chronic mild stress can alter olfactory hedonics through effects on the olfactory bulb neurogenesis, contributing to the broader anhedonia phenotype in stress-associated depression. To test this, mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress and then tested on measures of depressive-like behaviors, odor hedonics, and measures of olfactory neurogenesis. Chronic unpredictable mild stress led to a selective effect on odor hedonics, diminishing attraction to pleasant but not unpleasant odorants, an effect that was accompanied by a specific decrease in adult neurogenesis and of the percentage of adult-born cells responding to pleasant odorants in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Athanassi
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
| | - Marine Breton
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
| | - Laura Chalençon
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
| | - Jérome Brunelin
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
| | - Anne Didier
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
| | - Kevin Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, Bron, France
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10
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Herrmann T, Koeppel C, Linn J, Croy I, Hummel T. Olfactory brain activations in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10072. [PMID: 37344484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with reduced olfactory function. This relationship is assumed to be based on either a reduced olfactory bulb volume or diminished functioning of higher cortical areas. As previous results are controversial, we aimed to re-evaluate central olfactory processing in depression. We recorded the BOLD signal of 21 patients with Major Depressive Disorder and 21 age and gender matched healthy controls during odor presentation. In addition, we measured the individual olfactory bulb volume, tested odor identification and odor threshold, and asked for hedonic odor perception. In both groups, odor presentation led to a pronounced activation of primary olfactory areas. However, secondary olfactory areas were significantly less activated in depressed individuals. The two groups did not differ in olfactory bulb volume. Our results point towards altered olfactory processing in patients in those regions that relate to sensory integration and attention allocation. Difficulties in cognitive processing could impact olfactory function in depression. We are therefore in favor of a top-down mechanism originating in higher cortical areas explaining parts of the relation between depression and olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Herrmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Carina Koeppel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Linn
- Department of Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Han X, He X, Zhan X, Yao L, Sun Z, Gao X, Wang S, Wang Z. Disturbed microbiota-metabolites-immune interaction network is associated with olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159112. [PMID: 37292198 PMCID: PMC10245275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a debilitating symptom frequently reported by patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and it is associated with a dysregulated sinonasal inflammation. However, little information is available about the effect of the inflammation-related nasal microbiota and related metabolites on the olfactory function in these patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the nasal microbiota-metabolites-immune interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of OD in CRS patients. Methods 23 and 19 CRS patients with and without OD, respectively, were enrolled in the present study. The "Sniffin' Sticks" was used to measure the olfactory function, while the metagenomic shotgun sequencing and the untargeted metabolite profiling were performed to assess the differences in terms of the nasal microbiome and metabolome between the two groups. The levels of nasal mucus inflammatory mediators were investigated by a multiplex flow Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Results A decreased diversity in the nasal microbiome from the OD group compared to the NOD group was evidenced. The metagenomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of Acinetobacter johnsonii in the OD group, while Mycoplasma arginini, Aeromonas dhakensis, and Salmonella enterica were significantly less represented (LDA value > 3, p < 0.05). The nasal metabolome profiles were significantly different between the OD and NOD groups (P < 0.05). The purine metabolism was the most significantly enriched metabolic subpathway in OD patients compared with NOD patients (P < 0.001). The expressions of IL-5, IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and TNF were statistically and significantly increased in the OD group (P < 0.05). All these data, including the dysregulation of the nasal microbiota, differential metabolites, and elevated inflammatory mediators in OD patients demonstrated a clear interaction relationship. Conclusion The disturbed nasal microbiota-metabolite-immune interaction networks may be implicated in the pathogenesis of OD in CRS patients and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Linyin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Marin C, Alobid I, Fuentes M, López-Chacón M, Mullol J. Olfactory Dysfunction in Mental Illness. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:153-164. [PMID: 36696016 PMCID: PMC9875195 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory dysfunction contributes to the psychopathology of mental illness. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory alterations in several mental illnesses. We also highlight the role, hitherto underestimated, that the olfactory pathways play in the regulation of higher brain functions and its involvement in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, as well as the effect of inflammation on neurogenesis as a possible mechanism involved in olfactory dysfunction in psychiatric conditions. RECENT FINDINGS The olfactory deficits present in anxiety, depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder consist of specific alterations of different components of the sense of smell, mainly the identification of odours, as well as the qualifications of their hedonic valence (pleasant or unpleasant). Epidemiological findings have shown that both environmental factors, such as air pollutants, and inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract, can contribute to an increased risk of mental illness, at least in part, due to peripheral inflammatory mechanisms of the olfactory system. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory function alterations in several psychiatric conditions and its role as a useful symptom for the differential diagnosis. We also highlight the effect of inflammation on neurogenesis as a possible mechanism involved in olfactory dysfunction in these psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isam Alobid
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireya Fuentes
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio López-Chacón
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Mai Y, Menzel S, Cuevas M, Haehner A, Hummel T. Well-being in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113899. [PMID: 35809697 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to investigate the differences in well-being among patients with olfactory disorder (OD) with quantitative and/or qualitative olfactory dysfunctions, and to identify factors associated with well-being (WB). We included 470 OD patients. WB (WHO-5 questionnaire), quantitative olfactory function (Sniffin' Sticks) and qualitative dysfunction were assessed. Overall, 35% of the OD patients reported a poor WB, higher than 22% of the normative data in general population. For quantitative function, anosmia patients showed lower WB scores than hyposmia and normosmia patients (all p's < 0.03). For qualitative dysfunction, patients with severe parosmia showed lower WB scores than patients without and with less severe parosmia (p's < 0.01). Regarding OD causes in hyposmic patients, post-infectious patients showed poorer WB than idiopathic patients (p = 0.01); sinonasal patients had lower WB than post-traumatic and idiopathic patients (all p's < 0.04). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between WB score and Threshold test score (r = 0.11, p = 0.02). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that women gender, Threshold and overall Sniffin' Sticks scores (TDI) significantly predicted WB score in OD patients. Our results implied that quantitative and qualitative dysfunction is associated with WB. However, only patients with severe dysfunction showed significantly lower WB. While this needs to be better understood, in order to improve well-being, in these patients it appears to be highly important to improve olfactory function, and here especially olfactory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Mai
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susanne Menzel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mandy Cuevas
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Leon M, Woo CC. Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013363. [PMID: 36248633 PMCID: PMC9558899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal. That is, it seems possible that olfactory loss makes the brain vulnerable to expressing the symptoms of these neurological disorders, while daily olfactory enrichment may decrease the risk of expressing these symptoms. This situation resembles the cognitive reserve that is thought to protect people with Alzheimer’s neuropathology from expressing the functional deficit in memory through the cumulative effect of intellectual stimulation. These relationships also resemble the functional response of animal models of human neurological disorders to environmental enrichment, wherein the animals continue to have the induced neuropathology, but do not express the symptoms as they do in a standard environment with restricted sensorimotor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael Leon,
| | - Cynthia C. Woo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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15
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Javed N, Ijaz Z, Khair AH, Dar AA, Lopez ED, Abbas R, Sheikh AB. COVID-19 loss of taste and smell: potential psychological repercussions. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:38. [PMID: 36505013 PMCID: PMC9716963 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.38.31329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a cause for global concern. Apart from a multitude of symptoms, the virus is known for its ability to cause loss of taste and smell that can be irreversible in a few cases. In fact, even after recovery, post-covid syndrome can still lead to devastating outcomes, specifically with reference to loss of smell and taste. A number of mechanisms that have been postulated include receptor-mediated uptake, increased inflammation, transneuronal migration, and direct damage to the olfactory pathway. Considering how important these two senses are, many psychological, social, and emotional repercussions can be expected. These repercussions include lowering of self-esteem and developmental of mental health issues. Long-term altered taste sensation can also lead to the development of unhealthy eating habits that can result in increasing risk for diabetes and hypertension. A few solutions have been investigated for treating these chemosensory dysfunctions, such as olfactory training, corticosteroids, theophylline and acupuncture. Although the results have been promising but a new modality, virtual reality, requires more in-depth exploration because it targets not only the dysfunction but also the mental health issues being experienced. It is important that affected individuals be provided with strong emotional and family support. Additionally, physicians can help the patients through support groups, cognitive behavioural therapy, olfactory, and virtual reality training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nismat Javed
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Ijaz
- Department of Psychiatry, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali Hamza Khair
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Asim Dar
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erick Daniel Lopez
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ramsha Abbas
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA,Corresponding author: Abu Baker Sheikh, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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16
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A comprehensive review on bioavailability, safety and antidepressant potential of natural bioactive components from tea. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Dal Bò E, Gentili C, Castellani A, Tripodi C, Fischmeister FPS, Cecchetto C. Olfactory meta-cognition in individuals with depressive and anxiety symptoms: The differential role of common and social odors. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:259-267. [PMID: 35429542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished olfactory functioning has been reported in depression, whereas evidence in anxiety disorders is still controversial. Olfactory meta-cognitive abilities (i.e., olfactory awareness, imagery and reactivity, and the importance of odors) are essential in shaping olfaction. Few studies examined these meta-cognitive abilities in relation to depressive, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms, and none of them considered the awareness of social odors (i.e., body odors). METHODS This pre-registered study examined the relationship between olfactory meta-cognitive abilities and symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety in 429 individuals. Self-report measures of symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety, along with self-report olfactory meta-cognitive scales, were collected using an online survey. RESULTS Linear regression analyses revealed that olfactory awareness and importance of common odors were significantly directly predicted by symptoms of general anxiety, while affective importance to odors was negatively predicted by symptoms of depression. Regarding social odors, higher symptoms of depression and lower symptoms of social anxiety predicted increased awareness. LIMITATIONS Higher prevalence of women and narrow age range of the participants. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed only with self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of anxiety seem to be associated with higher levels of common odor awareness, corroborating the importance of olfactory functions in anxiety. In addition, results on social odors seem to reflect dysfunctional social behaviour that characterized symptoms of depression and social anxiety. Hence, the assessment of meta-cognitive abilities may represent a useful tool in the prevention and assessment of depressive, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dal Bò
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Castellani
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Carmen Tripodi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Florian Ph S Fischmeister
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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18
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Ramadan B, Cabeza L, Cramoisy S, Houdayer C, Andrieu P, Millot JL, Haffen E, Risold PY, Peterschmitt Y. Beneficial effects of prolonged 2-phenylethyl alcohol inhalation on chronic distress-induced anxio-depressive-like phenotype in female mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113100. [PMID: 35597115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic distress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis deregulations have been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Currently available drugs treating such pathological conditions have limited efficacy and diverse side effects, revealing the need of new safer strategies. Aromatic plant-based compounds are largely used in herbal medicine due to their therapeutic properties on mood, physiology, and general well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), one of the pharmacologically active constituents of rose essential oil, on chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced behavioral and neurobiological changes in female mice. Animals followed a prolonged PEA inhalation exposure (30 min per day) for 15 consecutive days prior to behavioral evaluation with open-field, forced swim and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. CORT treatment induced an anxio-depressive-like phenotype, evidenced by a reduced locomotor activity in the open-field, and an increased latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding paradigms. To elucidate the neural correlates of our behavioral results, immunohistochemistry was further performed to provide a global map of neural activity based on cerebral cFos expression. The altered feeding behavior was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of cFos-positive cells in the olfactory bulb, and altered functional brain connectivity as shown by cross-correlation-based network analysis. CORT-induced behavioral and neurobiological alterations were reversed by prolonged PEA inhalation, suggesting a therapeutic action that allows regulating the activity of neural circuits involved in sensory, emotional and feeding behaviors. These findings might contribute to better understand the therapeutic potential of PEA on anxio-depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahrie Ramadan
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Lidia Cabeza
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cramoisy
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Andrieu
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Millot
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon CHU, Besançon, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC-INSERM-1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon CHU, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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19
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Grignoli N, La Spina A, Gabutti L. Phantosmia and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in a patient with burning mouth syndrome suffering from severe depression. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e249843. [PMID: 35672056 PMCID: PMC9174807 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-249843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a rare but serious medical condition with important psychiatric comorbidity and specific psychological correlates. Psychopathology related with BMS represents a real challenge for clinical decision-making. In this case, depression is the leading psychiatric diagnosis associated with patient's BMS somatic pain and is driven by anxiety and a dissociative functioning. Facing a complex psychosomatic symptomatology, we offer new clinical perspectives for the screening of psychological traits of BMS. Moreover, we highlight the need to foster interdisciplinarity to improve differential diagnosis and defining an optimal care path. This case report stimulates a reflection on management challenges for the consultation-liaison psychiatry and shows the importance of a person-centred approach when communicating the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grignoli
- Servizio Psico-Sociale, Organizzazione Sociopsichiatrica Cantonale, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Ticino, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Alberto La Spina
- Servizio Psico-Sociale, Organizzazione Sociopsichiatrica Cantonale, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Ticino, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Luca Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
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20
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Odor Identification by Parkinson’s Disease Patients Tested by Using Sniffin’ Sticks versus Natural Spices. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:2272691. [PMID: 35529474 PMCID: PMC9072051 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2272691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hyposmia is a frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which greatly impacts patients' flavor perception and their quality of life. However, PD patients recognize some odors better than others. Identifying which food odors are still recognized by PD patients may be useful for flavor enhancement. Our aim was to evaluate the olfactory identification of Sniffin' Sticks and spice odorants in PD patients and healthy controls (HC), to identify the impact of synthetic odorants compared with real-life food and the impact of odor familiarity and pleasantness on odorant identification in PD patients. Methods Sniffin' Sticks odorant identification was evaluated in 80 PD patients and 105 age-matched HC. In a subset, the spice odorant identification was evaluated. Results The mean total score was higher for the Sniffin' Sticks than for the spice odor identification test in all participants (55.4% versus 22.5%). Sniffin' Sticks orange, peppermint, rose, and fish odorants were best correctly identified by PD patients, by 62.5, 53.8, 52.9, and 57.5%, respectively. Of the spice odor identification test, garlic and “no stimulus” were best correctly identified by PD patients, by, respectively, 38.2 and 67.6%. HC identified most Sniffin' Sticks odorants and spices better than PD patients. Odorant familiarity determined real-life food odorant identification. Conclusion This study demonstrates that some food odorants, both the commercial Sniffin' Sticks as natural odorants, are still recognized by PD patients. Sniffin' Sticks were better recognized compared with real-life odorants, by both HC and PD patients. Odorant familiarity determined PD patients' odorant identification; therefore, familiar food odorants may have potential for a future flavor enhancement. Implications. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate real-life food odor identification in PD patients. Our results provide a first step towards patient-appropriate flavor enhancement strategies in PD.
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21
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Abstract
Olfactory loss is associated with symptoms of depression. The present study, conducted on a large cohort of mostly dysosmic patients, aimed to investigate whether improvement in olfactory performance would correspond with a decrease in depression severity. In 171 participants (157 dysosmic), we assessed olfactory function and severity of depression before and after an average interval of 11 months, with many patients showing improvement in olfactory function. Separate analyses were conducted for (a) the whole group of patients and (b) the group of dysosmic patients using both classic and Bayesian approaches. For odor identification, Student t test demonstrated that the whole sample improved consistently, especially within the group of dysosmic patients. The dysosmic group also improved in odor threshold and overall olfactory function. Pearson correlation showed that an increase in olfactory function was associated with a decrease in depression severity, particularly in dysosmic patients. To conclude, the present results indicate that symptoms of depression change with olfactory function in general and odor identification in particular.
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22
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Lee S, Kim J, Kim BJ, Kim RY, Ha E, Kim S, Hong SN, Lyoo IK, Kim DW. Gray matter volume reduction in the emotional brain networks in adults with anosmia. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1321-1330. [PMID: 35240720 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, frequently accompanies emotional dysfunctions, partly due to the overlapping brain regions between the olfactory and emotional processing centers. Here, we investigated whether anosmia was associated with gray matter volume alterations at a network level, and whether these alterations were related to the olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL) and depressive symptoms. Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 22 individuals with postinfectious or idiopathic anosmia (the anosmia group) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls (the control group). Using independent component analysis on the gray matter volumes, we identified 10 morphometric networks. The gray matter volumes of these networks were compared between the two groups. Olfactory-specific QOL and depressive symptoms were assessed by self-report questionnaires and clinician-administered interviews, respectively. The anosmia group showed lower gray matter volumes in the hippocampus-amygdala and the precuneus networks, relative to the control group. Lower gray matter volumes in the hippocampus-amygdala network were also linearly associated with lower olfactory-specific QOL and higher depressive symptom scores. These findings suggest a close relationship between anosmia and gray matter volume alterations in the emotional brain networks, albeit without determined causal relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Rye Young Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Lee CC, Huang CC, Lee TJ, Wang YC, Liu YT, Chang TW, Huang APH, Chuang CC. Olfaction after endoscopic surgery for sellar and parasellar disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 2022; 60:177-187. [PMID: 35233583 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Whether endoscopic surgery for sellar/parasellar disease causes significant deficits in olfactory function remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review the olfactory outcomes in such settings based on the evidence up to date. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched through February 1, 2021. Included studies were limited to endoscopic surgery for sellar/parasellar disease with follow-up olfactory function measured by standardized olfactory testing methods or subjective assessment. The primary outcome was the change in olfactory function after surgery assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods. The secondary outcome was the change in subjective olfactory function. Random-effects model was used in obtaining combine effects. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using the leave-one-out approach, and publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results: The results show no significant difference in olfaction assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods at 1–3 months post-surgery (880 patients in 16 studies) or at 6–12 months post-surgery (1320 patients in 16 studies) compared to pre-surgery, whereas a significantly lower subjective olfaction at 3 months was observed. In addition, the lack of significant change in olfaction as assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods was observed regardless of whether patients were treated with or without the nasoseptal flap (NSF) harvesting. Heterogeneity and publication bias were observed, whereas sensitivity analysis showed the meta-analysis results are robust. Conclusion: The findings of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis support the conclusion that endoscopic surgery for sellar and parasellar pathology may pose no greater risk of olfactory dysfunction. In addition, the current evidence does not support there is an increased risk of diminished olfaction among patients treated with NSF during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-C Huang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - T-J Lee
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - T-W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - A P-H Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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25
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Malloul H, Bonzano S, Bennis M, De Marchis S, Ba-M'hamed S. Chronic thinner inhalation alters olfactory behaviors in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113597. [PMID: 34563601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Volatile solvents exposure can result in various behavioral impairments that have been partly associated to altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Despite recent evidence supporting this association, few studies have been devoted to examine the impact on olfactory functioning and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis, although olfactory system is directly in contact with volatile molecules. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate in adult mice the potential modifications of the olfactory functioning after acute (1 day), subchronic (6 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks) exposure to thinner vapor at both behavioral and cellular levels. Firstly, behavioral evaluations showed that chronic thinner exposure impacts on odor detection ability of treated mice but does not affect mice ability to efficiently discriminate between two different odors. Moreover, chronic thinner exposure produces impairment in the olfactory-mediated associative memory. Secondly, analysis of the effects of thinner exposure in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and in the OB revealed that thinner treatments do not induce apoptosis nor glial activation. Thirdly, immunohistochemical quantification of different markers of adult olfactory neurogenesis showed that inhalant treatments do not change the number of proliferating progenitors in the SVZ and the rostral migratory stream (RMS), as well as the number of newborn cells reaching and integrating in the OB circuitry. Altogether, our data highlight that the impaired olfactory performances in chronically-exposed mice are not associated to an alteration of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Malloul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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26
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Xiao WY, Zhu RZ, Lv ZX, Fan J, Yi ZH, Chen J, Ju K, Yan C. Psychometric properties of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale in Chinese typical, subthreshold, and clinically depressed adolescents. Psych J 2022; 11:344-355. [PMID: 35040278 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale measures state anhedonia in multiple domains, such as hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience, and it has good reliability and validity in adult samples. However, no study has examined the psychometrical properties of this scale in adolescents. The present study examined its reliability and validity in adolescents with and without depression. In Study 1, 988 high-school students completed the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale; 915 completed the second-round survey 3 months later. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure. Additionally, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity were assessed in typical adolescents. In Study 2, the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale was administrated to 108 patients with major depressive disorder, 108 adolescents with subthreshold depression, and 108 healthy controls. Factor structure and convergent validity were assessed in the clinical and subclinical groups. Finally, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the effect of depression severity on the scale scores. The results of Study 1 indicated that a four-factor model (i.e., hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience) best fit the data. Meanwhile, the scale also yielded good concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, in typical adolescents. In Study 2, goodness-of-fit statistics also suggested a good fit for the four-factor model in the two depressed groups. The one-way ANOVA revealed significant group differences in the total and factor scores, whereby the major depressive disorder group had lower scores than the subthreshold depression group, whose scores were lower than the healthy controls, indicating excellent eligibility of the scale in depressed adolescents. The Chinese version of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively measure state anhedonia in Chinese typical and depressed adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Juan Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Ju
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
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27
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Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy V, Maître I, Salle A, Lesourd B, Bailly N, Sulmont-Rossé C. Prevalence of malnutrition risk among older French adults with culinary dependence. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6406696. [PMID: 34673917 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term 'culinary dependence' denotes a situation in which someone delegates all or part of their daily meal-related activities to a third party. The present study aimed to explore nutritional risk among older people (≥65 years) with culinary dependence. METHOD The first survey included 559 people either living at home without help, with help unrelated to food activities, with help related to food activities or living in nursing home. The second survey included 319 people with food help provided by a caregiver, by meals-on-wheels or by a nursing home. Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment. Sociological background and wellness variables (health, cognitive and mental status) were collected. RESULTS The first survey found a strong association between culinary dependence and nutritional risk. About half of the people who delegated their food-related activities were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition compared with only 4% for people with no help and 12% for people with help unrelated to food activity. According to the second survey, this prevalence varied slightly depending on who the tasks were delegated to (46% for those who had the support of a caregiver; 60% for those who used a meals-on-wheels service; 69% for those living in nursing home). According to multivariate analyses, dependence categories, depressive symptoms and cognitive status were identified as independent determinants of malnutrition. CONCLUSION Without inferring a causal relationship between dependence and malnutrition, there is a strong need for care structures to take into account the issue of malnutrition when developing services targeting older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne F Mitterrand, Unité du Pôle Personnes Âgées, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Maître
- Ecole Supérieure d’Agricultures (ESA), USC 1422 GRAPPE, INRAE, SFR 4207, QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Agnès Salle
- CHU, Service d’endocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition, Angers, France
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- Département de Gériatrie CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Bailly
- University of Tours, E.A. 2114. « Psychologie des Ages de la Vie et Adaptation », Department of Psychology, Tours, France
| | - Claire Sulmont-Rossé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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28
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Jiang X, Yuan Y, Li Z, Ou Y, Li Z. First-episode olfactory hallucination in a patient with anxiety disorder: A case report. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990341. [PMID: 36203838 PMCID: PMC9530368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory hallucination refers to olfactory perception in the absence of chemical stimuli. Although it has been associated with many neurological and psychotic disorders, it has rarely been reported as the first and only symptom in patients with anxiety disorder, and its treatment remains inadequate. CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman who had been experiencing gradually worsening olfactory hallucinations for almost 4 years was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Olfactory hallucination disappeared after treatment with anti-anxiety drugs. CONCLUSION Olfactory hallucination can be the first and only symptom in patients with anxiety disorder and may be effectively treated with anti-anxiety medication. In fact, it can precede the diagnosis of anxiety disorder by several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Jiang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- The Third Department of Clinical Psychology, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - Ying Ou
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
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Canbeyli R. Sensory Stimulation Via the Visual, Auditory, Olfactory and Gustatory Systems Can Modulate Mood and Depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:244-263. [PMID: 34708453 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by the next decade. There is great deal of emphasis on the central origin and potential therapeutics of depression whereby the symptomatology of depression has been interpreted and treated as brain generated dysfunctions filtering down to the periphery. This top-down approach has found strong support from clinical work and basic neuroscientific research. Nevertheless, despite great advances in our knowledge of the etiology and therapeutics of depression, success in treatment is still by no means assured.. As a consequence, a wide net has been cast by both clinicians and researchers in search of more efficient therapies for mood disorders. As a complementary view, the present integrative review advocates approaching mood and depression from the opposite perspective: a bottom-up view that starts from the periphery. Specifically, evidence is provided to show that sensory stimulation via the visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory systems can modulate depression. The review shows how -depending on several parameters- unisensory stimulation via these modalities can ameliorate or aggravate depressive symptoms. Moreover, the review emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between sensory stimulation and depression. Just as peripheral stimulation can modulate depression, depression in turn affects-and in most cases impairs-sensory reception. Furthermore, the review suggests that combined use of multisensory stimulation may have synergistic ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms over and above what has so far been documented for unisensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resit Canbeyli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University
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Kamrava SK, Tavakol Z, Talebi A, Farhadi M, Jalessi M, Hosseini SF, Amini E, Chen B, Hummel T, Alizadeh R. A study of depression, partnership and sexual satisfaction in patients with post-traumatic olfactory disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20218. [PMID: 34642400 PMCID: PMC8511173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life. The present study aimed to explore whether PTOD is associated with depression and changes in sexuality. There were two groups in this case-control study. The patient group consisted of patients with PTOD (n = 55), and the control group comprised healthy individuals without the olfactory disorder (n = 115). Olfactory function, depression, partnership, and sexual satisfaction were assessed using the Iranian version of the Sniffin' Sticks test (Ir-SST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). The BDI scores were higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The SSSW score was lower in the patient group than in controls (p < 0.01), although the ECS score was not significantly different between patients and controls. Also, there was no significant difference in the severity of trauma between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. However, the analysis showed a statistically significant difference in depression scores in connection with the head trauma severity. In the PTOD group, depression was increased and sexual satisfaction declined. Understanding the association of olfactory dysfunction with depression and sexuality allows patients and doctors to deal with less notable consequences of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavakol
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Hosseini
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Olfactory hallucinations in a population-based sample. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114117. [PMID: 34391204 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory hallucinations referring to olfactory perceptions in the absence of chemical stimuli, occur in non-clinical and clinical populations. Few studies have investigated their prevalence in the general population and little is known about factors triggering and maintaining them such as substance use, severe life events, and mood. We analyzed self-report data from 2500 community dwelling Norwegians, aged 18-96 years, for occurrence of olfactory hallucinations and co-occurring hallucinations in other modalities (auditory, visual, tactile). Analyses included age, sex, self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, mental health status, and experience of severe life-events. The results show that 4.2% (95% CI 3.5-5.1%) reported having experienced olfactory hallucinations, and 56% of individuals experiencing olfactory hallucinations also reported these in combination with hallucinations in other modalities. Prevalence varied significantly in terms of age and sex, in that olfactory hallucinations were most frequently reported by young individuals and females. Self-reported symptoms of anxiety and experience of stressful life events were significantly associated with olfactory hallucinations, suggesting that experiencing olfactory hallucinations may negatively affect functioning and may increase the likelihood of developing psychopathology. Findings underline the need to continue to examine olfactory hallucinations albeit with a more comprehensive assessment in order to increase knowledge on this experience.
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Impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 135:947-952. [PMID: 34425929 PMCID: PMC8438414 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To outline the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. METHODS Five databases were searched for articles referring to the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The search was conducted for the period from November 2019 to April 2021. The search was conducted over one month (May 2021). RESULTS Four studies that met the objective were included. Altogether, there were 1045 patients. Various questionnaires were used to assess quality of life. Overall, the quality of life deficit affected 67.7 per cent of patients. Quality of life domains investigated include overall quality of life (four studies), food and taste dysfunction (two studies), mental health (two studies), cognitive function (one study), functional outcome (one study) and safety domains (one study). CONCLUSION Quality of life deficit was reported to be 67.7 per cent among coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The high prevalence of persistent olfactory dysfunction prompts more serious research, as the long-standing consequences of olfactory dysfunction are detrimental.
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Brechbühl J, Lopes AC, Wood D, Bouteiller S, de Vallière A, Verdumo C, Broillet MC. Age-dependent appearance of SARS-CoV-2 entry sites in mouse chemosensory systems reflects COVID-19 anosmia-ageusia symptoms. Commun Biol 2021; 4:880. [PMID: 34267318 PMCID: PMC8282876 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a collective scientific effort to study its viral causing agent SARS-CoV-2. Research is focusing in particular on its infection mechanisms and on the associated-disease symptoms. Interestingly, this environmental pathogen directly affects the human chemosensory systems leading to anosmia and ageusia. Evidence for the presence of the cellular entry sites of the virus, the ACE2/TMPRSS2 proteins, has been reported in non-chemosensory cells in the rodent’s nose and mouth, missing a direct correlation between the symptoms reported in patients and the observed direct viral infection in human sensory cells. Here, mapping the gene and protein expression of ACE2/TMPRSS2 in the mouse olfactory and gustatory cells, we precisely identify the virus target cells to be of basal and sensory origin and reveal the age-dependent appearance of viral entry-sites. Our results propose an alternative interpretation of the human viral-induced sensory symptoms and give investigative perspectives on animal models. Brechbühl et al characterise the gene and protein expression of ACE2/TMPRSS2 in the mouse olfactory and gustatory cells, which reveals that SARS-CoV-2 target cells are of basal and sensory origin. They also demonstrate an age-dependent appearance of viral entry-sites, which could inform the use of mouse models in the investigation of SARS-CoV-2 effects on olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Brechbühl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Lopes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dean Wood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofiane Bouteiller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie de Vallière
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Verdumo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Christine Broillet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136976. [PMID: 34209997 PMCID: PMC8297221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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35
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Sabiniewicz A, Wrage F, Hummel T. The impact of cognitive and noncognitive factors on odor discrimination performance. J SENS STUD 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- Institute of Psychology University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - Florian Wrage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
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36
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Sen A. Does serotonin deficiency lead to anosmia, ageusia, dysfunctional chemesthesis and increased severity of illness in COVID-19? Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110627. [PMID: 34139598 PMCID: PMC8180092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms forwarded to understand anosmia and ageusia in coronavirus patients are not adequate to explain reversible anosmia and ageusia, which are resolved quickly. In addition, the reason behind the impaired chemesthetic sensations in some coronavirus patients remains unknown. In the present paper it is proposed that SARS-CoV-2 patients suffer from depletion of tryptophan, as ACE2, a key element in the process of absorption of tryptophan from the food, is significantly reduced in the patients as coronavirus uses ACE2 as the receptor to enter the host cells. The tryptophan depletion leads to a deficit of serotonin (5-HT) in SARS-COV-2 patients because tryptophan is the precursor in the synthesis of 5-HT. Such 5-HT deficiency can explain anosmia, ageusia and dysfunctional chemesthesis in COVID-19, given the fact that 5-HT is an important neuromodulator in the olfactory neurons, taste receptor cells and transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) involved in chemesthesis. In addition, 5-HT deficiency worsens silent hypoxemia and depresses hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to increased severity of the disease. Also, the levels of anti-inflammatory melatonin (synthesized from 5-HT) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+, produced from niacin whose precursor is the tryptophan) might decrease in coronavirus patients resulting in the aggravation of the disease. Interestingly, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may not be of much help in correcting the 5-HT deficiency in COVID-19 patients, as their efficacy goes down significantly when there is depletion of tryptophan in the system. Hence, tryptophan supplementation may herald a radical change in the treatment of COVID-19 and accordingly, clinical trials (therapeutic / prophylactic) should be conducted on coronavirus patients to find out how tryptophan supplementation (oral or parenteral, the latter in severe cases where there is hardly any absorption of tryptophan from the food) helps in curing, relieving or preventing the olfactory, gustatory and chemesthetic dysfunctions and in lessening the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Sen
- 40 Jadunath Sarbovouma Lane, Kolkata 700035, India.
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37
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Maître I, Sulmont-Rossé C, Van Wymelbeke V, Cariou V, Bailly N, Ferrandi JM, Salle A, Cardon P, Amand M, Manckoundia P, Symoneaux R, Issanchou S, Vigneau E. Food perception, lifestyle, nutritional and health status in the older people: Typologies and factors associated with aging well. Appetite 2021; 164:105223. [PMID: 33811944 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with physiological, sensory, psychological, and sociological changes likely to have an impact on food intake and the nutritional status. The present study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of the French older population (>65 years old) using a multidisciplinary approach. More specifically, the study aimed to highlight different typologies (i.e. clusters of individuals with similar characteristics) within the older population. We conducted face-to-face interviews and tests with 559 French older people, recruited from different categories of dependency (at home without help, at home with help, in nursing homes). Clustering analysis highlighted seven clusters. Clusters 1-3 contained 'young' older people (<80) with a good nutritional status; these clusters differed according to food preferences, the desire to have a healthy diet, or interest in food. Clusters 4-7 mainly contained 'old' older people (80+), with an increase in the nutritional risk from cluster 4 to cluster 7. Two of these clusters grouped healthy and active people with a good level of appetite, while the two other clusters were associated with a clear decline in nutritional status, with people suffering from eating difficulties or depression. The results raise the need to develop targeted interventions to tackle malnutrition and implement health promotion strategies among the seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maître
- Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures (ESA), USC 1422 GRAPPE, INRAE, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France.
| | - Claire Sulmont-Rossé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Van Wymelbeke
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; CHU, Unité de recherche Pôle Personnes Âgées, Dijon, France
| | | | - Nathalie Bailly
- University of Tours, E.A. 2114, Psychologie des Ages de la Vie et Adaptation, Department of Psychology, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrandi
- Laboratoire d'Economie et Management Nantes Atlantique (LEMNA), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Salle
- CHU, Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Cardon
- Université de Lille, U.L.R. CeRIES (Centre de Recherche "Individus, Epreuves, Sociétés"), Département de sociologie, Lille, France
| | - Marion Amand
- Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures (ESA), USC 1422 GRAPPE, INRAE, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France; ONIRIS, INRAE, StatSC, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ronan Symoneaux
- Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures (ESA), USC 1422 GRAPPE, INRAE, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Sylvie Issanchou
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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38
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Heinbockel T, Bhatia-Dey N, Shields VDC. Endocannabinoid-mediated neuromodulation in the main olfactory bulb at the interface of environmental stimuli and central neural processing. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:1002-1014. [PMID: 33724578 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system has become an important functional gateway to understand and analyze neuromodulation since olfactory dysfunction and deficits have emerged as prodromal and, at other times, as first symptoms of many of neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and communication disorders. Considering olfactory dysfunction as outcome of altered, damaged and/or inefficient olfactory processing, in the current review, we analyze how olfactory processing interacts with the endocannabinoid signaling system. In the human body, endocannabinoid synthesis is a natural and on-demand response to a wide range of physiological and environmental stimuli. Our current understanding of the response dynamics of the endocannabinoid system is based in large part on research advances in limbic system areas, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. Functional interactions of this signaling system with olfactory processing and associated pathways are just emerging but appear to grow rapidly with multidimensional approaches. Recent work analyzing the crystal structure of endocannabinoid receptors bound to their agonists in a signaling complex has opened avenues for developing specific therapeutic drugs that could help with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alleviation/reduction of pain. We discuss the role of endocannabinoids as signaling molecules in the olfactory system and the relevance of the endocannabinoid system for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naina Bhatia-Dey
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vonnie D C Shields
- Biological Sciences Department, Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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39
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Mishima Y, Osaki T, Shimada A, Kamiya S, Hasegawa-Ishii S. Sex-dependent differences in the gut microbiota following chronic nasal inflammation in adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4640. [PMID: 33633180 PMCID: PMC7907122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Our previous studies indicated that chronic nasal inflammation caused loss of olfactory sensory neurons and gross atrophy of the olfactory bulb, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of reports have elucidated the importance of gut microbiota to maintain brain function and that dysbiosis may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we examined whether chronic nasal inflammation perturbed gut microbiota and whether there were sex differences in this pattern. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice repeatedly received bilateral nasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times/week to cause chronic nasal inflammation or saline as a control. At 9 weeks, cecal feces were used for 16S metagenomic analysis and whole blood and fresh tissue of spleen were used for ELISA analyses. Microbiome analysis demonstrated a remarkable change of the gut microbiota in male mice with chronic nasal inflammation which was different from that in female mice. In both mice, systemic inflammation did not occur. This has shown for the first time that chronic nasal inflammation correlates with sex-dependent changes in the gut microbiota. The detailed mechanism and potential alteration to brain functions await further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mishima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
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40
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Delgado-Losada ML, Bouhaben J, Delgado-Lima AH. Development of the Spanish Version of Sniffin's Sticks Olfactory Identification Test: Normative Data and Validity of Parallel Measures. Brain Sci 2021; 11:216. [PMID: 33578970 PMCID: PMC7916642 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Identification Test is a tool for measurement of olfactory performance developed in Germany and validated in several countries. This research aims to develop the Spanish version of the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Identification Test and obtain normative values for the Spanish population. The parameters are free recall and subjective intensity of odorants are included. The influence of possible demographic covariates such as sex, age, smoking, or educational level are analyzed, and the items that best discriminate are studied. In addition, the internal structure validity of the blue and purple versions is studied as a parallel measure, and a cultural adaptation of the purple version is carried out. For this, three independent samples of normosmic healthy volunteers were studied. To obtain normative values, the sample was of 417 participants (18-89 years). For the internal structure validity study of both versions, the sample was 226 (18-70 years), and for familiarity of the purple version, the sample was 75 participants (21-79 years). Results indicated that men and women and smokers and non-smokers perform equally. However, differences were found as age progresses, being more pronounced after 60 years old in all three measurements of the identification test. This research also provides the items that best discriminate in the blue version and a cultural adaptation for the purple version. In conclusion, the Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test is a suitable tool for olfactory assessment in the Spanish population. The instrument has been expanded with two new scores, and normative data as a function of age are provided. Its parallel version also seems appropriate for testing, as items have been culturally adapted and evidence of internal structure validity for both versions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Delgado-Losada
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (J.B.); (A.H.D.-L.)
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Schäfer L, Schriever VA, Croy I. Human olfactory dysfunction: causes and consequences. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:569-579. [PMID: 33496882 PMCID: PMC7835667 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The sense of smell essentially contributes to social communication, guides nutrition behaviour and elicits avoidance towards environmental hazards. Olfactory smell impairment may hence entail severe consequences for affected individuals. Compared with sensory loss in other modalities, reduced olfactory function is often unnoticed by those affected and diagnosed late. Those patients seeking help frequently suffer from long-term impairments resulting in reduced well-being and quality of life. The current review provides an overview of aetiology, prevalence and specifics of diagnostics in acquired and congenital olfactory loss and focusses on short- and long-term consequences. Compensation strategies are elaborated, and treatment options are mentioned. Individual characteristics associated with the development of serious mental health impairment are discussed in order to help practitioners identifying populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäfer
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valentin A Schriever
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Kinder- Und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.
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Athanassi A, Dorado Doncel R, Bath KG, Mandairon N. Relationship between depression and olfactory sensory function: a review. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6383453. [PMID: 34618883 PMCID: PMC8542994 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Links between olfactory sensory function and effect have been well established. A robust literature exists in both humans and animals showing that disrupting olfaction sensory function can elicit disordered mood state, including serve as a model of depression. Despite this, considerably less is known regarding the directionality and neural basis of this relationship, e.g. whether disruptions in sensory function precede and contribute to altered mood or if altered mood state precipitates changes in olfactory perception. Further, the neural basis of altered olfactory function in depression remains unclear. In conjunction with clinical studies, animal models represent a valuable tool to understand the relationship between altered mood and olfactory sensory function. Here, we review the relevant literature assessing olfactory performance in depression in humans and in rodent models of depressive-like behavioral states. Rodents allow for detailed characterization of alterations in olfactory perception, manipulation of experiential events that elicit depressive-like phenotypes, and allow for interrogation of potential predictive markers of disease and the cellular basis of olfactory impairments associated with depressive-like phenotypes. We synthesize these findings to identify paths forward to investigate and understand the complex interplay between depression and olfactory sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Athanassi
- INSERM, U1028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientific, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Romane Dorado Doncel
- INSERM, U1028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientific, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- INSERM, U1028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientific, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon 1, F-69000, France
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Spanish Validation for Olfactory Function Testing Using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test: Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120943. [PMID: 33297359 PMCID: PMC7762307 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of olfactory function is becoming increasingly relevant, especially in cases of cognitive decline (i.e., neurodegenerative diseases), where olfactory alterations may be relevant as potential early biomarkers. The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test, developed in Germany and validated in several countries, is an objective measure of olfactory performance. This study aims to validate this test in a Spanish sample. This study included 209 healthy normosmic volunteers (154 females and 55 males) aged between 20 to 79 years (mean age = 50.11 ± 15.18 years) as the normative sample. From this group, 22 participants were retested in order to obtain test-retest reliability evidence. Odor familiarity for descriptors in the olfactory identification test was also studied on an independent healthy sample (n = 69), and required cultural modifications were applied. Results indicate that men and women, as well as smokers and non-smokers, performed equally in every test. However, significant differences were found between age groups in every score. The general trend is that olfactory function progressively decreases as a function of age, the elderly group (+60 years) being the one with the lowest scores. In conclusion, this normative data, in addition to the test's cultural modifications, allows the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test to be administered on a Spanish population.
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Effects of Acupuncture & Qigong Meditation on Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease(PD) affects not only motor symptoms, but also nonmotor symptoms. This study is a clinical trial to determine whether Qigong and acupuncture affect nonmotor symptoms of PD.Methods: A 2-arm parallel and randomized trial was performed with 21 participants who had received either Qigong meditation only [control group (CG)] or acupuncture and Qigong meditation [experimental group (EG)]. The participants' levels of the discomfort in nonmotor symptoms from Parkinson's disease were evaluated by using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scales (UPDRS 1) and Test of Smell Identification (TSI) before and after 12 treatments at baseline and 1 month after 12 treatments.Results: The both CG and EG showed improvements in the UPDRS 1 score after treatment by 5.6 ± 5.15 (<i>p</i>= 0.003; 74%) and 4.8 ± 3.80 (<i>p</i> = 0.004; 79%), respectively. The both CG and the EG did improvements in the TSI after treatment by 10.3 ± 4.37 (<i>p</i> < 0.001; 84%) and 12.6 ± 1.77 (<i>p</i> = 0.022; 100%), respectively. However, statistical differences were not observed between the CG and the EG using the UPDRS 1 and the TSI scores.Conclusion: The combination of Qigong and acupuncture and Qigong alone was shown to improve the nonmotor symptoms and olfactory function of PD. In the future, large-scale clinical studies on alternative treatment for PD and studies on mechanisms affecting nonmotor symptoms of acupuncture and Qigong are needed.
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45
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Hwang BY, Mampre D, Penn R, Anderson WS, Kang J, Kamath V. Olfactory Testing in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: a Systematic Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 33169232 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory testing is a potentially safe, cost-effective, bedside evaluation tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and risk assessment for surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, but testing methods and relevant olfactory domains are not standardized. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate olfactory tests in TLE and summarize the results of the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Olfactory tests varied significantly in odorant administration tools and devices, target odorants, evaluation timing, and grading scales. The Smell Threshold Test and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were the most validated single-domain tests for odor detection and odor identification, respectively. For multi-domain tests, Odor Memory/Discrimination Test and the Sniffin' Sticks test were the most validated. Results of olfactory tests in TLE are presented by domain. Rigorous validation, standardization, and comparative analysis of existing olfactory tests by domain is urgently needed to establish the utility and efficacy of olfactory testing in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hwang
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - David Mampre
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rachel Penn
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William S Anderson
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Olfaction as a Marker for Dystonia: Background, Current State and Directions. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100727. [PMID: 33066144 PMCID: PMC7601998 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders. The unifying descriptor of dystonia is the motor manifestation, characterized by continuous or intermittent contractions of muscles that cause abnormal movements and postures. Additionally, there are psychiatric, cognitive, and sensory alterations that are possible or putative non-motor manifestations of dystonia. The pathophysiology of dystonia is incompletely understood. A better understanding of dystonia pathophysiology is highly relevant in the amelioration of significant disability associated with motor and non-motor manifestations of dystonia. Recently, diminished olfaction was found to be a potential non-motor manifestation that may worsen the situation of subjects with dystonia. Yet, this finding may also shed light into dystonia pathophysiology and yield novel treatment options. This article aims to provide background information on dystonia and the current understanding of its pathophysiology, including the key structures involved, namely, the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and sensorimotor cortex. Additionally, involvement of these structures in the chemical senses are reviewed to provide an overview on how olfactory (and gustatory) deficits may occur in dystonia. Finally, we describe the present findings on altered chemical senses in dystonia and discuss directions of research on olfactory dysfunction as a marker in dystonia.
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47
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A new perspective on imaging of olfactory dysfunction: Does size matter? Eur J Radiol 2020; 132:109290. [PMID: 33035920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the diagnostic utility of olfactory nerve and bulb morphologies in addition to volumetric analysis in classification of different olfactory dysfunction etiologies. METHODS 106 patients presenting with olfactory loss and 17 control subjects were included. Based on detailed anamnesis, smell test and ear-nose-throat examination; patients were categorized into four groups as post-viral, post-traumatic, idiopathic, and obstructive olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory region was imaged with paranasal sinus CT and MRI dedicated to olfactory nerve. Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depths were calculated on MRI. The olfactory bulb was assessed for morphology, contour lobulations and T2-signal intensity; and olfactory nerve for uniformity and clumping. RESULTS Volumetric analysis showed decreased olfactory bulb volume in idiopathic and obstructive group compared to control subjects. Olfactory sulci were shallower in post-viral, post-traumatic, idiopathic, and obstructive group compared to the control group. In post-viral group; olfactory bulbs had lobulated contour and focal T2-hyperintense regions in 67 % of cases, and olfactory nerves had a clumped and thickened appearance in 66 % of cases. In idiopathic group, olfactory bulbs were rectangular shaped with minimally deformed contours, and olfactory nerves were thin and hard to delineate. No specific olfactory bulb or nerve pattern was identified in obstructive and post-traumatic groups, however closed olfactory cleft and siderotic frontobasal changes were helpful clues in obstructive and post-traumatic groups, respectively. CONCLUSION In addition to olfactory cleft patency, olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory bulb volume; bulb and nerve morphologies may provide diagnostic information on different etiologies of olfactory dysfunction.
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48
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Brai E, Hummel T, Alberi L. Smell, an Underrated Early Biomarker for Brain Aging. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:792. [PMID: 32982661 PMCID: PMC7477331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is in addition to touch the most ancient of our senses, developing already in the womb it decays progressively from 65 years of age with a more pronounced impairment associated with dementia. Despite its clinical relevance and testing accessibility, smell remains an overlooked biomarker, which is rarely used by neurologists in the early screening phase. In this perspective article, we outline the reasons underlying the lack of awareness for this sense. In an attempt to put olfaction forward as an early biomarker for pathological brain aging, we draw a comparison with vision and hearing, regarded as more relevant for general health. This perspective article wants to encourage further studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms responsible for the early smell dysfunction in individuals a decade or more before the onset of cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Brai
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) - Catholic University (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lavinia Alberi
- Swiss Integrative Centre for Human Health (SICHH), Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Rochet M, El-Hage W, Dreyfuss L, Atanasova B. The influence of affective state on sensory and emotional perception: Application of the Sense'n Feel™ method. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:298-310. [PMID: 32478871 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotions play a key role in our daily life through their control over our thoughts and behaviors. While it is commonly accepted that depressive patients have emotional perception disorders, it is important to know how these disorders affect patients' sensory perception to develop products to provide them with better support. In this study, we first examined the existence of modifications in the emotional perception of subjects with minor depressive symptoms (MDS, n = 80) compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 80) using a nonverbal method based on pictures to measure projected emotions and personality traits: the Sense'n Feel™ method. The investigated stimuli were two unpleasant and two pleasant odors and one pleasant food product: a madeleine. Second, we investigated the hedonic, familiarity and intensity olfactory perceptions of the subjects using the same stimuli. No significant difference was found in any olfactory qualities between the two groups. Concerning the pleasant olfactory stimuli, however, we did note that the MDS subjects had a significantly lower score for the positive emotion of joy/happiness than the controls. Additionally, the MDS group's attribution of some positive personality traits for the three pleasant stimuli was significantly weaker than that in the HC group. These results could be explained by the affective state of the MDS subjects; they were more anxious and more alexithymic compared with the controls. Further research is needed to validate our study in clinically depressed individuals and to determine whether the modifications of the emotional olfactory perception are due to the disease and/or to neuropsychological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rochet
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,Faculté Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Lise Dreyfuss
- Faculté Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Mérieux NutriSciences, Verrières-le-Buisson, France
| | - Boriana Atanasova
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,Faculté Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Differential Effects of Nasal Inflammation and Odor Deprivation on Layer-Specific Degeneration of the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0403-19.2020. [PMID: 32220858 PMCID: PMC7168263 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0403-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful environmental agents cause nasal inflammation, and chronic nasal inflammation induces a loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and reversible atrophy of the olfactory bulb (OB). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying this inflammation-induced OB atrophy by histologically and biochemically comparing the OB changes in mouse models of nasal inflammation and odor deprivation. In addition, we examined whether odor stimulation is necessary for OB recovery from atrophy. One group of adult male C57BL/6 mice was administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) unilaterally for 10 weeks to induce nasal inflammation (control animals received saline), and a second group received unilateral naris closures (NCs) for 10 weeks of odor deprivation. The OBs atrophied in both models, but odor deprivation shrank the glomerular, external plexiform, mitral, and granule cell layers (GCLs), whereas the olfactory nerve, glomerular, and external plexiform layers (EPLs) atrophied as a result of nasal inflammation. Additionally, nasal inflammation, but not odor deprivation, caused neuroinflammation in the OB, inducing glial activation and elevated expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNFα. After 10 weeks of nasal inflammation, mice were housed for another 10 weeks with no additional treatment or with unilateral NC. Nasal inflammation and glial activation subsided in both groups, but glomerular and EPLs recovered only in those with no additional treatment. Our findings demonstrate that nasal inflammation and odor deprivation differentially induce layer-specific degeneration in the OB, that loss of OSN activity rather than neuroinflammation is a major cause of inflammation-induced OB atrophy, and that odor stimulation is required for OB recovery from atrophy.
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