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Cicenas J, Simkus J. CDK Inhibitors and FDA: Approved and Orphan. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1555. [PMID: 38672637 PMCID: PMC11049492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein kinases are a large family of enzymes which catalyze protein phosphorylation at certain amino acids [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland;
- Secondary School “Varnų sala”, Baltupio g. 14, LT-08304 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jokubas Simkus
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Yang J, Ou X, Shu M, Wang J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Hao W, Zeng H, Shao L. Inhibition of p38MAPK signalling pathway alleviates radiation-induced testicular damage through improving spermatogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:393-412. [PMID: 37580308 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Damage to the testis following exposure to ionizing radiation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here we have investigated if inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signalling could alleviate radiation-induced testicular damage. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In mice exposed to whole body radiation (2-6 Gy), morphological changes of the epididymis and testis was measured by histochemical staining. immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence procedures and western blotting were used to monitor expression and cellular location of proteins. Expression of genes was assessed by qPCR and RNA-Seq was used to profile gene expression. KEY RESULTS Exposure to ionizing radiation induced dose-dependent damage to mouse testis. The sperm quality decreased at 6 and 8 weeks after 6 Gy X-ray radiation. Radiation decreased PLZF+ cells and increased SOX9+ cells, and affected the expression of 969 genes, compared with data from non-irradiated mice. Expression of genes related to p38MAPK were enriched by GO analysis and were increased in the irradiated testis, and confirmed by qPCR. Levels of phospho-p38MAPK protein increased at 28 days after irradiation. In irradiated mice, SB203580 treatment increased spermatozoa, SOX9+ cells, the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, sperm movement rate and density. Furthermore, SB203580 treatment increased SCP3+ cells, accelerating the process of spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Exposure to ionizing radiation clearly changed gene expression in mouse testis, involving activation of p38MAPK signalling pathways. Inhibition of p38MAPK by SB203580 partly alleviated the testicular damage caused by radiation and accelerated the recovery of sperms through promoting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangying Ou
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Manling Shu
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Hao
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihong Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijian Shao
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Li Z, Guo W, Bai O. Mechanism of action and therapeutic targeting of CD30 molecule in lymphomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1301437. [PMID: 38188299 PMCID: PMC10767573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1301437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the treatment of lymphoma has entered the era of precision medicine, and CD30, as a transmembrane protein, has become an important marker to help the diagnosis and formulation of treatment plans for lymphomas. This protein is widely expressed in various types of lymphomas and can play a role through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and other pathways, and ultimately lead to the up-regulation of CD30 expression to give tumor cells a survival advantage. Brentuximab vedotin (BV), as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD30, is one of the first new drugs to significantly improve survival in patients with CD30+lymphomas. However, the biological function of CD30 has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review highlights the CD30-mediated tumor-promoting mechanisms and the molecular factors that regulate CD30 expression. We hope that a better understanding of CD30 biology will provide new insights into clinical treatment and improve the survival and quality of life of lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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4
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Kong S, Yu J, Li HF, Xie YL, Song LF, Wang QQ, Chen YJ, Zhao FR, Zhang WF, Zhu TT. A ring N(CH 3) 2-based derivative of resveratrol inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176077. [PMID: 37820784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) phenotypic switching and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) are important in promoting pulmonary hypertension (PH)-pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR). Resveratrol can efficiently inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs, but its application is limited due to its low bioavailability and solubility. In this study, we modified resveratrol to assess the role of A ring N(CH3)2-based derivatives of resveratrol (Res4) in PVR-PASMCs phenotypic switching and PVR-PAECs EndMT. Chemical methods were used for the preparation of Res4; NMRS and HPLC were used to authenticate Res4. Mice developed PVR after 4 weeks of hypoxia (10% O2). Res4 (50 mg/kg/d) attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and PVR. PASMCs developed phenotypic switching and PAECs developed EndMT after 2 days of hypoxia (3% O2). Res4 (10 μM) could inhibit PASMCs and PAECs viability. Res4 could decrease proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteopontin (OPN) expression, and increase α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression in PASMCs. It could also decrease PCNA, α-SMA, vimentin expression and increase platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) expression in PAECs. Notably, Res4 inhibited the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase in hypoxia-treated PASMCs and PAECs, indicating MAPK pathway may be involved in Res4-induced inhibition of PASMCs phenotypic switching and PAECs EndMT. Our data demonstrated that Res4 exerts antiproliferative effects by regulating PASMCs phenotypic switching and PAECs EndMT. Res4 may be potentially used as a drug against PH-PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Han-Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yu-Liang Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liao-Fan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fan-Rong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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5
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Kim JW, Choi J, Park MN, Kim B. Apoptotic Effect of Gallic Acid via Regulation of p-p38 and ER Stress in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Cells Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15236. [PMID: 37894916 PMCID: PMC10607041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is currently recognized as the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality among individuals of both genders. It is projected that a significant number of individuals will succumb to this disease in the forthcoming years. Extensive research and validation have been conducted on both gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil as viable therapeutic options for PC. Nevertheless, despite concerted attempts to enhance treatment outcomes, PC continues to pose significant challenges in terms of achieving effective treatment alone through chemotherapy. Gallic acid, an endogenous chemical present in various botanical preparations, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential as an anticancer agent. The results of the study demonstrated that gallic acid exerted a decline in cell viability that was dependent on its concentration. Furthermore, it efficiently suppressed cell proliferation in PC cells. This study observed a positive correlation between gallic acid and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it confirmed the upregulation of proteins associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, which is one of the pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the administration of gallic acid resulted in verified alterations in the transmission of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. Notably, an elevation in the levels of p-p38, which represents the phosphorylated state of p38 MAPK was detected. The scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), has shown inhibitory effects on phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In both instances, the levels of PARP have been successfully reinstated. In other words, the study discovered a correlation between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p38 signaling pathway. Consequently, gallic acid induces the activation of both the p38 pathway and the ER stress pathway through the generation of ROS, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. The outcomes of this study provide compelling evidence to support the notion that gallic acid possesses considerable promise as a viable therapeutic intervention for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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Lines CL, McGrath MJ, Dorwart T, Conn CS. The integrated stress response in cancer progression: a force for plasticity and resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206561. [PMID: 37601686 PMCID: PMC10435748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During their quest for growth, adaptation, and survival, cancer cells create a favorable environment through the manipulation of normal cellular mechanisms. They increase anabolic processes, including protein synthesis, to facilitate uncontrolled proliferation and deplete the tumor microenvironment of resources. As a dynamic adaptation to the self-imposed oncogenic stress, cancer cells promptly hijack translational control to alter gene expression. Rewiring the cellular proteome shifts the phenotypic balance between growth and adaptation to promote therapeutic resistance and cancer cell survival. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key translational program activated by oncogenic stress that is utilized to fine-tune protein synthesis and adjust to environmental barriers. Here, we focus on the role of ISR signaling for driving cancer progression. We highlight mechanisms of regulation for distinct mRNA translation downstream of the ISR, expand on oncogenic signaling utilizing the ISR in response to environmental stresses, and pinpoint the impact this has for cancer cell plasticity during resistance to therapy. There is an ongoing need for innovative drug targets in cancer treatment, and modulating ISR activity may provide a unique avenue for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Crystal S. Conn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Chun J, Mah SY, Kim YS. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ebractenoid F, a Major Active Compound of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata, through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2845. [PMID: 37570999 PMCID: PMC10421244 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata (Euphorbiaceae family) is a perennial plant that is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, and China. Its roots contain bioactive diterpenes that have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to identify the most active anti-inflammatory compound from the roots of E. ebracteolata Hayata, using bioassay-guided fractionation and a combinative method of high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, we investigated its anti-inflammatory mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ebractenoid F was identified as the most potent bioactive compound of E. ebracteolata Hayata. Ebractenoid F significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, ebractenoid F decreased the degradation of inhibitory κB-α, the nuclear translocation of the p65 and p50 subunits of NF-κB, and the expression of NF-κB downstream genes. Furthermore, ebractenoid F inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK), in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, ebractenoid F exerts the most potent anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing NF-κB-mediated NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Ebractenoid F may be a useful therapeutic compound for the prevention or treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoo Chun
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Mah
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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8
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Adepoju FO, Duru KC, Li E, Kovaleva EG, Tsurkan MV. Pharmacological Potential of Betulin as a Multitarget Compound. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1105. [PMID: 37509141 PMCID: PMC10377123 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin is a natural triterpene, usually from birch bark, known for its potential wound-healing properties. Despite having a wide range of pharmacological targets, no studies have proposed betulin as a multitarget compound. Betulin has protective effects against cardiovascular and liver diseases, cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, combats tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastatic proteins, and modulates chronic inflammation by blocking the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via modulation of the NFκB and MAPKs pathways. Given its potential to influence diverse biological networks with high target specificity, it can be hypothesized that betulin may eventually become a new lead for drug development because it can modify a variety of pharmacological targets. The summarized research revealed that the diverse beneficial effects of betulin in various diseases can be attributed, at least in part, to its multitarget anti-inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activity of betulin, and the multi-target effects of betulin on signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2, which are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo O Adepoju
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kingsley C Duru
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Cho C, Oh H, Lee JS, Kang LJ, Oh EJ, Hwang Y, Kim SJ, Bae YS, Kim EJ, Kang HC, Choi WI, Yang S. Prussian blue nanozymes coated with Pluronic attenuate inflammatory osteoarthritis by blocking c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122131. [PMID: 37119581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder associated with inflammation, functional disability, and high socioeconomic costs. The development of effective therapies against inflammatory OA has been limited owing to its complex and multifactorial nature. The efficacy of Prussian blue nanozymes coated with Pluronic (PPBzymes), US Food and Drug Administration-approved components, and their mechanisms of action have been described in this study, and PPBzymes have been characterized as a new OA therapeutic. Spherical PPBzymes were developed via nucleation and stabilization of Prussian blue inside Pluronic micelles. A uniformly distributed diameter of approximately 204 nm was obtained, which was maintained after storage in an aqueous solution and biological buffer. This indicates that PPBzymes are stable and could have biomedical applications. In vitro data revealed that PPBzymes promote cartilage generation and reduce cartilage degradation. Moreover, intra-articular injections with PPBzymes into mouse joints revealed their long-term stability and effective uptake into the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, intra-articular PPBzymes injections attenuated cartilage degradation without exhibiting cytotoxicity toward the synovial membrane, lungs, and liver. Notably, based on proteome microarray data, PPBzymes specifically block the JNK phosphorylation, which modulates inflammatory OA pathogenesis. These findings indicate that PPBzymes might represent a biocompatible and effective nanotherapeutic for obstructing JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Oh
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Lee
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Shibabaw T, Teferi B, Ayelign B. The role of Th-17 cells and IL-17 in the metastatic spread of breast cancer: As a means of prognosis and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094823. [PMID: 36993955 PMCID: PMC10040566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known causes of death for women worldwide. The inflammatory tumor cell and other cancer hallmarks dictate the metastatic form and dissemination of breast cancer. Taking these into account, from various components of the tumor microenvironment, a pro-inflammatory infiltrative cell known as Th-17 plays an immense role in breast cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis. It has been demonstrated that IL-17, a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine generated by Th-17, is upregulated in a metastatic form of breast cancer. Recent research updates stated that chronic inflammation and mediators like cytokines and chemokines are causative hallmarks in many human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, IL-17 and its multiple downward signaling molecules are the centers of research attention to develop potent treatment options for cancer. They provide information on the role of IL-17-activated MAPK, which results in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via NF-kB-mediated expression of MMP signaling. Overall, this review article emphasizes IL-17A and its intermediate signaling molecules, such as ERK1/2, NF-kB, MMPs, and VEGF, as potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Birhanu Ayelign,
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11
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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12
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Panchal NK, Evan Prince S. The NEK family of serine/threonine kinases as a biomarker for cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:17-30. [PMID: 35037094 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is defined by unrestrained cell proliferation due to impaired protein activity. Cell cycle-related proteins are likely to play a role in human cancers, including proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. The serine/threonine NEK kinases are the part of Never In Mitosis A Kinases (NIMA) family, which are less explored kinase family involved in the cell cycle, checkpoint regulation, and cilia biology. They comprise of eleven members, namely NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, NEK4, NEK5, NEK6, NEK7, NEK8, NEK9, NEK10, and NEK11, located in different cellular regions. Recent research has shown the role of NEK family in various cancers by perversely expressing. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a systematic account of our understanding of NEK kinases; structural details; and its role in the cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the NEK kinases in terms of their expression and regulation in different cancers. Lastly, we have emphasized on some of the potential NEK inhibitors reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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13
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Zidan M, Zidan AAA, Attia Saad M, El-Shanshory M, Bakry U, Sobh A, Mohammed Abdou S, Labib Salem M. Altered microRNA expression profile is linked to T-cell exhaustion-related pathways in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:113-122. [PMID: 36347735 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the phenotype and functions of exhausted T cells in several cancers have been identified, the involved molecular mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In this regard, we have recently reported that the immunoregulatory cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), share common dysregulated miRNAs that target specific immunosuppressive pathways in patients with in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AIM In this study, we aimed to further explore whether similar dysregulation in miRNA expression is linked to T cell exhaustion and dysfunctionality in B cell ALL patients. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from pediatric patients with ALL were recruited before and after induction chemotherapy as well as from healthy donors. Affymetrix microarray platform was used for miRNA profiling, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of certain miRNAs that are related to T cell exhaustion. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore whether the dysregulated miRNAs were linked to T-cell exhaustion related pathways. RESULTS A total of 516 miRNAs were dysregulated in ALL patients as compared to the healthy donor. Furthermore, among the total analyzed miRNAs, 10 were found to be linked to the key genes implicated in three exhaustion-related pathways; TGF-β, FOXO, and MAPK, as revealed by miR-pathway analysis. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed similar expression pattern to those obtained by microarray analysis. CONCLUSION Our pilot study suggests the implication of certain miRNAs in T cell exhaustion pathways via targeting the specific key genes in those pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zidan
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, 57357 Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A Zidan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia Saad
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Usama Bakry
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Sobh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Labib Salem
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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14
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Wydra VR, Ditzinger RB, Seidler NJ, Hacker FW, Laufer SA. A patent review of MAPK inhibitors (2018 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:421-444. [PMID: 37501497 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2242584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family consist of p38 MAP kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). They are involved in a multitude of diseases, including inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. In recent years, further developments in the field of MAPK-inhibitors have been reported, including an isoform or downstream target selective inhibition of MAPKs as well as target protein degradation approaches. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes newly patented MAPK-inhibitors that were claimed between 2018 and early 2023. Presented are the patents as well as their corresponding publications, the storyline of development, and clinical trials involving these compounds. This article elaborates a total of 27 patents, which were identified using established search engines. EXPERT OPINION Although industrial research on MAPK-inhibitors has been ongoing for more than 20 years, novel clinical trials of MAPK-inhibitors as potential drug candidates are still being conducted in the period under review. Recently reported inhibitors show an excellent selectivity profile and are even achieving selectivity between closely related isoforms. This progression offers the possibility to eliminate unwanted side effects and may finally lead to the approval of the first MAPK-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin R Wydra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael B Ditzinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico J Seidler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederik W Hacker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (Tücad2), Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Cho C, Oh H, Lee JS, Kang LJ, Oh EJ, Hwang Y, Kim SJ, Bae YS, Kim EJ, Kang HC, Choi WI, Yang S. WITHDRAWN: Prussian blue nanozymes coated with pluronic attenuate inflammatory osteoarthritis by blocking c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121851. [PMID: 36435562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Oh
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123, Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Lee
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123, Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Jung Kang
- AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Tea Polyphenols as Prospective Natural Attenuators of Brain Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153012. [PMID: 35893865 PMCID: PMC9332553 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
No organism can avoid the process of aging, which is often accompanied by chronic disease. The process of biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms through different signal pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory states, autophagy and others. In addition, the intestinal microbiota play a key role in regulating oxidative stress of microglia, maintaining homeostasis of microglia and alleviating age-related diseases. Tea polyphenols can effectively regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In recent years, the potential anti-aging benefits of tea polyphenols have attracted increasing attention because they can inhibit neuroinflammation and prevent degenerative effects in the brain. The interaction between human neurological function and the gut microbiota suggests that intervention with tea polyphenols is a possible way to alleviate brain-aging. Studies have been undertaken into the possible mechanisms underpinning the preventative effect of tea polyphenols on brain-aging mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Tea polyphenols may be regarded as potential neuroprotective substances which can act with high efficiency and low toxicity.
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Lu LY, Pan N, Huang ZH, Wang JS, Tang YB, Sun HS, Han H, Yang HY, Zhu JZ, Guan YY, Zhang B, Li DZ, Wang GL. CFTR Suppresses Neointimal Formation Through Attenuating Proliferation and Migration of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:914-924. [PMID: 35266910 PMCID: PMC9162269 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays important roles in arterial functions and the fate of cells. To further understand its function in vascular remodeling, we examined whether CFTR directly regulates platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration, as well as the balloon injury-induced neointimal formation. The CFTR adenoviral gene delivery was used to evaluate the effects of CFTR on neointimal formation in a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury. The roles of CFTR in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration were detected by mitochondrial tetrazolium assay, wound healing assay, transwell chamber method, western blot, and qPCR. We found that CFTR expression was declined in injured rat carotid arteries, while adenoviral overexpression of CFTR in vivo attenuated neointimal formation in carotid arteries. CFTR overexpression inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas CFTR silencing caused the opposite results. Mechanistically, CFTR suppressed the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1, JNK, p38 and ERK induced by PDGF-BB, and the increased mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and MMP2 induced by PDGF-BB. In conclusion, our results indicated that CFTR may attenuate neointimal formation by suppressing PDGF-BB-induced activation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the JNK/p38/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Pan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Han Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Song Wang
- Vascular surgery department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yong-Bo Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Departments of Surgery, Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yuan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Lei Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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HDAC4 promotes the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer via autophagic degradation of MEKK3. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:237-248. [PMID: 35637410 PMCID: PMC9296555 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis, but their precise role and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods Bioinformatics screening analysis, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to identify the expression of HDAC4 in GC. In vitro and in vivo functional assays illustrated the biological function of HDAC4. RNA-seq, GSEA pathway analysis, and western blot revealed that HDAC4 activated p38 MAPK signalling. Immunofluorescence, western blot, and IHC verified the effect of HDAC4 on autophagy. ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the transcriptional regulation mechanism of HDAC4 and ATG4B. Results HDAC4 is upregulated in GC and correlates with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that HDAC4 contributes to the malignant phenotype of GC cells. HDAC4 inhibited the MEF2A-driven transcription of ATG4B and prevented MEKK3 from p62-dependent autophagic degradation, thus activating p38 MAPK signalling. Reciprocally, the downstream transcription factor USF1 enhanced HDAC4 expression by regulating HDAC4 promoter activity, forming a positive feedback loop and continuously stimulating HDAC4 expression and p38 MAPK signalling activation. Conclusion HDAC4 plays an oncogenic role in GC, and HDAC4-based targeted therapy would represent a novel strategy for GC treatment.
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Xu Z, Chu M. Advances in Immunosuppressive Agents Based on Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917162. [PMID: 35694243 PMCID: PMC9178660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune abnormality involves in various diseases, such as infection, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, as well as transplantation. Several signal pathways have been demonstrated to play a central role in the immune response, including JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT-mTOR, MAPK, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, in which multiple targets have been used to develop immunosuppressive agents. In recent years, varieties of immunosuppressive agents have been approved for clinical use, such as the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which have shown good therapeutic effects. Additionally, many immunosuppressive agents are still in clinical trials or preclinical studies. In this review, we classified the immunosuppressive agents according to the immunopharmacological mechanisms, and summarized the phase of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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OncoPan®: An NGS-Based Screening Methodology to Identify Molecular Markers for Therapy and Risk Assessment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051208. [PMID: 35625944 PMCID: PMC9138989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high morbidity and mortality with the majority being PC ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Whole genome sequencing provides a wide description of genomic events involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis and identifies putative biomarkers for new therapeutic approaches. However, currently, there are no approved treatments targeting driver mutations in PDAC that could produce clinical benefit for PDAC patients. A proportion of 5–10% of PDAC have a hereditary origin involving germline variants of homologous recombination genes, such as Mismatch Repair (MMR), STK11 and CDKN2A genes. Very recently, BRCA genes have been demonstrated as a useful biomarker for PARP-inhibitor (PARPi) treatments. In this study, a series of 21 FFPE PDACs were analyzed using OncoPan®, a strategic next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 37 genes, useful for identification of therapeutic targets and inherited cancer syndromes. Interestingly, this approach, successful also on minute pancreatic specimens, identified biomarkers for personalized therapy in five PDAC patients, including two cases with HER2 amplification and three cases with mutations in HR genes (BRCA1, BRCA2 and FANCM) and potentially eligible to PARPi therapy. Molecular analysis on normal tissue identified one PDAC patient as a carrier of a germline BRCA1 pathogenetic variant and, noteworthy, this patient was a member of a family affected by inherited breast and ovarian cancer conditions. This study demonstrates that the OncoPan® NGS-based panel constitutes an efficient methodology for the molecular profiling of PDAC, suitable for identifying molecular markers both for therapy and risk assessment. Our data demonstrate the feasibility and utility of these NGS analysis in the routine setting of PDAC molecular characterization.
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21
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SGK1 in Cancer: Biomarker and Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102385. [PMID: 35625991 PMCID: PMC9139822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinases (SGKs) are members of the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases, consisting of three isoforms: SGK1, SGK2, and SGK3. SGK1 was initially cloned as a gene transcriptionally stimulated by serum and glucocorticoids in rat mammary tumor cells. It is upregulated in some cancers and downregulated in others. SGK1 increases tumor cell survival, adhesiveness, invasiveness, motility, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. It stimulates tumor growth by mechanisms such as activation of K+ channels and Ca2+ channels, Na+/H+ exchanger, amino acid and glucose transporters, downregulation of Foxo3a and p53, and upregulation of β-catenin and NFκB. This chapter focuses on major aspects of SGK1 involvement in cancer, its use as biomarker as well as potential therapeutic target.
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22
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Hussain A, Jiang W, Wang X, Shahid S, Saba N, Ahmad M, Dar A, Masood SU, Imran M, Mustafa A. Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:717064. [PMID: 35356730 PMCID: PMC8959901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is an emerging global health issue affecting approximately two billion people across the globe. The situation prevails due to the intake of Zn deficient grains and vegetables worldwide. Clinical identification of Zn deficiency in humans remains problematic because the symptoms do not appear until impair the vital organs, such as the gastrointestinal track, central nervous system, immune system, skeletal, and nervous system. Lower Zn body levels are also responsible for multiple physiological disorders, such as apoptosis, organs destruction, DNA injuries, and oxidative damage to the cellular components through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative damage causes chronic inflammation lead toward several chronic diseases, such as heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related malady, muscular contraction, and neuro-pathogenesis. The present review focused on the physiological and growth-related changes in humans under Zn deficient conditions, mechanisms adopted by the human body under Zn deficiency for the proper functioning of the body systems, and the importance of nutritional and nutraceutical approaches to overcome Zn deficiency in humans and concluded that the biofortified food is the best source of Zn as compared to the chemical supplementation to avoid their negative impacts on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Noreena Saba
- Qaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Masood
- Clinical Fellow Pediatric Nephrology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition (FA), Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
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23
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Monosodium urate crystals regulate a unique JNK-dependent macrophage metabolic and inflammatory response. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110489. [PMID: 35263587 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate crystals (MSUc) induce inflammation in vivo without prior priming, raising the possibility of an initial cell-autonomous phase. Here, using genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that MSUc alone induce a metabolic-inflammatory transcriptional program in non-primed human and murine macrophages that is markedly distinct to that induced by LPS. Genes uniquely upregulated in response to MSUc belong to lipid and amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and SLC transporters. This upregulation leads to a metabolic rewiring in sera from individuals and mice with acute gouty arthritis. Mechanistically, the initiating inflammatory-metabolic changes in acute gout flares are regulated through a persistent expression and increased binding of JUN to the promoter of target genes through JNK signaling-but not P38-in a process that is different than after LPS stimulation and independent of inflammasome activation. Finally, pharmacological JNK inhibition limits MSUc-induced inflammation in animal models of acute gouty inflammation.
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24
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Xia S, Ji L, Tang L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Tang Q, Feng Z, Lu L. Proteasome Subunit Alpha Type 7 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Through MAPK Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:880-891. [PMID: 33721161 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome subunit alpha type 7 (PSMA7) shows a carcinogenic effect on various human malignancies, but its role and regulatory mechanism in gastric carcinoma (GC) remain unclear. AIMS This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of PSMA7 in GC. METHODS In this study, PSMA7 expressions in GC cells and tissues were detected, and relationships between PSMA7 and clinicopathological features were explored. Then, PSMA7 levels in human GC cells were intervened, and changes in cell biological behavior were observed in vitro and vivo. Key proteins and downstream factors of MAPK signaling pathway were detected after PSMA7 intervention. RESULTS PSMA7 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. PSMA7 overexpression was significantly associated with poor pTNM, cTNM stage, and high HP infection. PSMA7 can promote proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, PSMA7 expression affected the phosphorylation level of JNK, P38, ERK and the expressions of their downstream factors Ap-1, c-myc, P53. CONCLUSION PSMA7 can promote GC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through MAPK signaling pathway in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Ji
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lizhong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng TCM Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
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25
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Zhu Y, Shuai W, Zhao M, Pan X, Pei J, Wu Y, Bu F, Wang A, Ouyang L, Wang G. Unraveling the Design and Discovery of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential in Human Diseases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3758-3775. [PMID: 35200035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, are encoded by three genes: jnk1, jnk2, and jnk3. JNKs are involved in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancers. Therefore, JNKs have become important therapeutic targets. Many JNK inhibitors have been discovered, and some have been introduced into clinical trials. However, the study of isoform-selective JNK inhibitors is still a challenging task. To further develop novel JNK inhibitors with clinical value, a comprehensive understanding of JNKs and their corresponding inhibitors is required. In this Perspective, we introduced the JNK signaling pathways and reviewed different chemical types of JNK inhibitors, focusing on their structure-activity relationships and biological activities. The challenges and strategies for the development of JNK inhibitors are also discussed. It is hoped that this Perspective will provide valuable references for the development of novel selective JNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Faqian Bu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pua LJW, Mai CW, Chung FFL, Khoo ASB, Leong CO, Lim WM, Hii LW. Functional Roles of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031108. [PMID: 35163030 PMCID: PMC8834850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members integrate signals that affect proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration in a cell context- and cell type-specific way. JNK and p38 MAPK activities are found upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling can promote NPC oncogenesis by mechanisms within the cancer cells and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. They regulate multiple transcription activities and contribute to tumor-promoting processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis, inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Current literature suggests that JNK and p38 MAPK activation may exert pro-tumorigenic functions in NPC, though the underlying mechanisms are not well documented and have yet to be fully explored. Here, we aim to provide a narrative review of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human cancers with a primary focus on NPC. We also discuss the potential therapeutic agents that could be used to target JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC, along with perspectives for future works. We aim to inspire future studies further delineating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC oncogenesis which might offer important insights for better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- AGTC Genomics, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
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AaTs-1: A Tetrapeptide from Androctonus australis Scorpion Venom, Inhibiting U87 Glioblastoma Cells Proliferation by p53 and FPRL-1 Up-Regulations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247610. [PMID: 34946686 PMCID: PMC8704564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive cancer, against which medical professionals are still quite helpless, due to its resistance to current treatments. Scorpion toxins have been proposed as a promising alternative for the development of effective targeted glioblastoma therapy and diagnostic. However, the exploitation of the long peptides could present disadvantages. In this work, we identified and synthetized AaTs-1, the first tetrapeptide from Androctonus australis scorpion venom (Aa), which exhibited an antiproliferative effect specifically against human glioblastoma cells. Both the native and synthetic AaTs-1 were endowed with the same inhibiting effect on the proliferation of U87 cells with an IC50 of 0.56 mM. Interestingly, AaTs-1 was about two times more active than the anti-glioblastoma conventional chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), and enhanced its efficacy on U87 cells. AaTs-1 showed a significant similarity with the synthetic peptide WKYMVm, an agonist of a G-coupled formyl-peptide receptor, FPRL-1, known to be involved in the proliferation of glioma cells. Interestingly, the tetrapeptide triggered the dephosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK kinases. It also enhanced the expression of p53 and FPRL-1, likely leading to the inhibition of the store operated calcium entry. Overall, our work uncovered AaTs-1 as a first natural potential FPRL-1 antagonist, which could be proposed as a promising target to develop new generation of innovative molecules used alone or in combination with TMZ to improve glioblastoma treatment response. Its chemical synthesis in non-limiting quantity represents a valuable advantage to design and develop low-cost active analogues to treat glioblastoma cancer.
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28
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Farahat AA, Samir EM, Zaki MY, Serya RAT, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of certain novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with potential p38α MAPK-inhibitory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100302. [PMID: 34796536 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 9a-j and 14a-f were prepared via a one-pot three-component reaction. Compounds 9a-j were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (4) with benzoyl acetonitriles 3a,b and aldehydes 5a-e, whereas the spiro derivatives 14a-f were synthesized by the reaction of pyrazole derivative 4 with 3a-c and indoline-2,3-diones 10a,b. Screening of the antiproliferative activity of 9a-j and 14a-f revealed that 14a and 14d were the most potent analogues against HepG2 and HeLa cells, with IC50 = 4.2 and 5.9 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 9c and 14a could promote cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, as evidenced by DNA flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Cell cycle analysis of 9c and 14a indicated a reduction in HepG2 cells in the G1 phase, with arrest in the S phase and the G2/M phase, respectively. Also, 9c and 14a are good apoptotic inducers in the HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, compounds 9h and 14d stood out as the most efficient antiproliferative agents in the NCI 60-cell line panel screening, with mean GI % equal to 60.3% and 55.4%, respectively. Additionally, 9c, 9h, 14a, and 14d showed good inhibitory action against the cellular pathway regulator p38α kinase, with IC50 = 0.42, 0.41, 0.13, and 0.64 μM, respectively. A docking study was carried out on the p38α kinase active site, showing a binding mode comparable to that of reported p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. These newly discovered pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines could be considered as potential candidates for the development of newly targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rabah A T Serya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Shoucair S, Habib JR, Pu N, Kinny-Köster B, van Ooston AF, Javed AA, Lafaro KJ, He J, Wolfgang CL, Yu J. Comprehensive Analysis of Somatic Mutations in Driver Genes of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals KRAS G12D and Mutant TP53 Combination as an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcome. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:2720-2731. [PMID: 34792696 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor despite improved systemic therapies and surgical techniques. The identification of biomarkers to advance insight in tumor biology and achieve better individualized prognostication could help improve outcomes. Our aim was to elucidate the prognostic role of the four main driver mutations (KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, CDKN2A) and their combinations in resected PDAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing the cBioPortal database and National Cancer Institute's Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) on patients in whom next-generation sequencing was performed on upfront resected PDAC from 2012 to 2020. Multivariable Cox regression was implemented to elucidate risk-adjusted predictors of overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results were validated employing a Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) cohort.' RESULTS In the discovery cohort (n = 587), increased number of mutated driver genes was associated with worse OS (p = 0.047). Specifically, patients with mutations in ≥ 2 driver genes had worse OS than ≤ 1 mutated gene (18.2 versus 32.3 months, p = 0.033). Co-occurrence of mutant (mt)KRAS p.G12D with mtTP53 (median OS, 25.9 months) conferred better prognosis than co-occurrence of other mtKRAS variants (p.G12V/R/other) with mtTP53 (median OS, 16.9 months, p = 0.038). The findings were validated using a JHH cohort. Multivariable risk-adjustment found co-occurrence of mtKRAS p.G12D with mtTP53 to be an independent predictor of beneficial OS and RFS [HR (95% CI): 0.18 (0.03-0.81) and 0.31 (0.11-0.89) respectively]. CONCLUSION In chemo-naïve resected PDAC, combinations of mutations in the four driver genes are associated with prognosis. In patients with combined mtKRAS and mtTP53, KRAS p.G12D variant confers a better OS and RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Shoucair
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Habib
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ning Pu
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benedict Kinny-Köster
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Floortje van Ooston
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly J Lafaro
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jun Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wang L, Lu Q, Gao W, Yu S. Recent advancement on development of drug-induced macrophage polarization in control of human diseases. Life Sci 2021; 284:119914. [PMID: 34453949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which exert pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor effects, respectively. Thus, drug development in induction of macrophage polarization could be used to treat different human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advancement on modulation of macrophage polarization and its related molecular mechanisms induced by a number of agents. Research on the anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate the macrophage polarization accounts for a large proportion in the field and types of diseases investigated could include atherosclerosis, enteritis, nephritis, and the nervous system and skeletal diseases, while study of the anti-tumor agents to modify macrophage polarization is a novel area of research. Future study of the molecular mechanisms by which the different agents regulate the macrophage polarization could lead to an effective control of various human diseases, including inflammation and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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31
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu X. TRPV4 induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK in human lung cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10867. [PMID: 34669779 PMCID: PMC8521542 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. TRPV4 belongs to the ‘transient receptor potential' (TRP) superfamily. It has been identified to profoundly affect a variety of physiological processes, including nociception, heat sensation, and inflammation. Unlike other TRP superfamily channels, its roles in cancers are unknown. Here, we elucidated the effects of TRPV4 and molecular mechanisms in human lung cancer cells. The levels of TRPV4 were detected in human lung cancer tissues and the paired paracarcinoma tissues by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. The proliferation of human lung cancer cells was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by FACS assay. The results demonstrated that low levels of TRPV4 were detected in clinical lung carcinoma specimens. Over-expression of TRPV4 induced cell death and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in A549 cells and H460 cells. Moreover, over-expression of TRPV4 enhanced the activation of p38 MAPK signal pathway. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished the effects of TRPV4 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in A549 cells. Collectively, our findings indicated that TRPV4 induced apoptosis via p38 MAPK in human lung cancer cells and suggested that TRPV4 was a potential target for therapy of human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Håland E, Moen IN, Veidal E, Hella H, Misund K, Slørdahl TS, Starheim KK. TAK1-inhibitors are cytotoxic for multiple myeloma cells alone and in combination with melphalan. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2158-2168. [PMID: 34676048 PMCID: PMC8522844 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer caused by malignant transformation of plasma cells. Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (MAP3K7, TAK1) is a major regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Both NF-κB and MAPK control expression of genes with vital roles for drug resistance in MM. TAK1 is an attractive drug target as it switches these survival pathways to cell death. Our analysis showed that patients with high MAP3K7 expression in the tumor had shorter overall and progression free survival. The TAK1-inhibitors NG25 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z-7) were cytotoxic to MM cell lines and patient cells. NG25 reduced expression of MYC and E2F controlled genes, involved in tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression and drug resilience. TAK1 can be activated by genotoxic stress. NG25 and 5Z-7 induced both synergistic and additive cytotoxicity in combination with the alkylating agent melphalan. Melphalan activated TAK1, NF-κB, and the MAPKs p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as a transcriptional UV-response. This was blocked by NG25, and instead apoptosis was activated. MM induce elevated bone-degradation resulting in myeloma bone disease (MBD), which is the main cause of disability and morbidity in MM patients. NG25 and 5Z-7 reduced differentiation and viability of human bone degrading osteoclasts, suggesting that TAK1-inhibition can have a double beneficial effect for patients. In sum, TAK1 is a promising drug target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Håland
- CEMIR Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, IKOM, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Nyhus Moen
- CEMIR Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, IKOM, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elias Veidal
- CEMIR Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, IKOM, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian K Starheim
- CEMIR Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, IKOM, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Gentilini A, Lori G, Caligiuri A, Raggi C, Di Maira G, Pastore M, Piombanti B, Lottini T, Arcangeli A, Madiai S, Navari N, Banales JM, Di Matteo S, Alvaro D, Duwe L, Andersen JB, Tubita A, Tusa I, Di Tommaso L, Campani C, Rovida E, Marra F. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 Regulates the Malignant Phenotype of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Hepatology 2021; 74:2007-2020. [PMID: 33959996 PMCID: PMC8518067 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Several oncogenic pathways converge on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), whose role in CCA has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ERK5 in the biology of CCA. APPROACH AND RESULTS ERK5 expression was detected in two established (HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1) and two primary human intrahepatic CCA cell lines (iCCA58 and iCCA60). ERK5 phosphorylation was increased in CCA cells exposed to soluble mediators. In both HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1 cells, ERK5 was localized in the nucleus, and exposure to fetal bovine serum (FBS) further increased the amount of nuclear ERK5. In human CCA specimens, ERK5 mRNA expression was increased in tumor cells and positively correlated with portal invasion. ERK5 protein levels were significantly associated with tumor grade. Growth, migration, and invasion of CCA cells were decreased when ERK5 was silenced using specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The inhibitory effects on CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion were recapitulated by treatment with small molecule inhibitors targeting ERK5. In addition, expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and angiopoietin 1 was reduced after ERK5 silencing. Conditioned medium from ERK5-silenced cells had a lower ability to induce tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and to induce migration of myofibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages. In mice, subcutaneous injection of CCLP-1 cells silenced for ERK5 resulted in less frequent tumor development and smaller size of xenografts compared with cells transfected with nontargeting shRNA. CONCLUSIONS ERK5 is a key mediator of growth and migration of CCA cells and supports a protumorigenic crosstalk between the tumor and the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentilini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giulia Lori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Caligiuri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giovanni Di Maira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Benedetta Piombanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Tiziano Lottini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Stefania Madiai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Nadia Navari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal DiseasesBiodonostia Health Research InstituteCIBERehdIkerbasqueSan SebastianSpain
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Department of ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lea Duwe
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Dept. of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Dept. of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Pathology UnitHumanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSRozzanoItaly
| | - Claudia Campani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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Traub B, Roth A, Kornmann M, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4963-4984. [PMID: 34497429 PMCID: PMC8384741 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with high incidence and poor survival rates. With the aim to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Protein kinases are key regulatory players in basically all stages of development, maintaining physiologic functions but also being involved in pathogenic processes. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 kinases, representatives of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of protein kinases are important mediators of adequate response to cellular stress following inflammatory and metabolic stressors, DNA damage, and others. In their physiologic roles, they are responsible for the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the underlying pathways consequently has been identified in various cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. Pharmacological targeting of those pathways has been the field of interest for several years. While success in earlier studies was limited due to lacking specificity and off-target effects, more recent improvements in small molecule inhibitor design against stress-activated protein kinases and their use in combination therapies have shown promising in vitro results. Consequently, targeting of JNK, p38, and CK1 protein kinase family members may actually be of particular interest in the field of precision medicine in patients with highly deregulated kinase pathways related to these kinases. However, further studies are warranted, especially involving in vivo investigation and clinical trials, in order to advance inhibition of stress-activated kinases to the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Traub
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Feng Q, Zhang H, Yao D, Zhang X, Chen WD, Wang YD. Activation of FXR Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Antagonizing ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5907-5918. [PMID: 34366680 PMCID: PMC8335319 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s243317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of nuclear receptors, functionally regulates bile acid, glucose and lipid homeostasis. It is also worth noting that FXR plays a suppressor role in cancer and inflammation. However, the contribution of FXR to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. Methods The role of FXR activation in ESCC progression was evaluated in ESCC cell lines KYSE150 and EC109 in vitro and BALB-C nude mice in vivo. In vitro, FXR synthetic ligand GW4064 was used to detect the effects on ESCC cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycles. To assess the effects of GW4064 on ESCC development in vivo, a xenograft tumor model was constructed. And ERK1/2 activity was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Results FXR synthetic ligand GW4064 impaired esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro, accompanied by inhibition of some inflammatory genes and promotion of pro-apoptotic genes. We then found that FXR activation decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in ESCC cells. Consistent with these results, GW4064 suppressed ESCC tumorigenesis in a xenograft model and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in tumors. Discussion These findings identify that activating FXR may serve as a promising therapy or adjuvant therapeutic tool for controlling ESCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Denglin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiantong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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LINC00997/MicroRNA 574-3p/CUL2 Promotes Cervical Cancer Development via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0005921. [PMID: 34031216 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence has highlighted that long noncoding RNAs are essential regulators in cancer development. Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 997 (LINC00997) was identified for study due to its high expression in CC tissues. The aim of the study was to investigate the function and mechanism of LINC00997 in CC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that LINC00997 RNA expression was also increased in CC cells and LINC00997 copy number was upregulated in CC tissues. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and Transwell assays as well as transmission electron microscopy observation exhibited that LINC00997 depletion inhibited CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy. The relationship between LINC00997 and its downstream genes was confirmed by RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays. Mechanistically, LINC00997 upregulated the expression of cullin 2 (CUL2) by interacting with microRNA 574-3p (miR-574-3p). Moreover, Western blot analysis was employed to detect the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-associated factors in CC cells. LINC00997 activated the MAPK signaling by increasing CUL2 expression, thus promoting malignant phenotypes of CC cells. In conclusion, the LINC00997/miR-574-3p/CUL2 axis contributes to CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy via the activation of MAPK signaling.
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37
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Yu W, Wang W, Yu X. Investigation of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network in ETV6-RUNX1-positive pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253012. [PMID: 34101758 PMCID: PMC8186766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion is the most common chromosomal translocation abnormality occurred in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Compared with ETV6-RUNX1-negative patients, ETV6-RUNX1-positive patients possess more improved treatment strategies but higher risk to relapse. In this research, the potential gene interaction networks were constructed intending for elucidating the pathogenesis of B-ALL. We performed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to assess the involvement of lncRNA-mRNA pairs in B-ALL patients consisting of 24 ETV6-RUNX1-positive patients and 18 ETV6-RUNX1-negative patients and found a module that was significantly associated with positive/negative trait. Gene Ontology analysis showed that mRNAs in this module were enriched in the positive regulation of MAPK cascade, positive regulation of JNK cascade, and myeloid cell differentiation pathway. To further investigate the relationship between lncRNAs and mRNAs in this significant module, we constructed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. 3 lncRNAs (RP11-170J3.2, RP11-135F9.1 and RP1-151B14.9) were found at the core of the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, which had the most co-expression connections with mRNAs. And several related mRNAs (ACTN1, TNFRSF21 and NLRP3) had a significant correlation with the patient survival prediction. Our findings may explicate the pathogenesis of B-ALL, and the disease-associated genes could provide clues to find novel biomarkers for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Yu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Yesilkanal AE, Yang D, Valdespino A, Tiwari P, Sabino AU, Nguyen LC, Lee J, Xie XH, Sun S, Dann C, Robinson-Mailman L, Steinberg E, Stuhlmiller T, Frankenberger C, Goldsmith E, Johnson GL, Ramos AF, Rosner MR. Limited inhibition of multiple nodes in a driver network blocks metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:59696. [PMID: 33973518 PMCID: PMC8128439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis suppression by high-dose, multi-drug targeting is unsuccessful due to network heterogeneity and compensatory network activation. Here, we show that targeting driver network signaling capacity by limited inhibition of core pathways is a more effective anti-metastatic strategy. This principle underlies the action of a physiological metastasis suppressor, Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP), that moderately decreases stress-regulated MAP kinase network activity, reducing output to transcription factors such as pro-metastastic BACH1 and motility-related target genes. We developed a low-dose four-drug mimic that blocks metastatic colonization in mouse breast cancer models and increases survival. Experiments and network flow modeling show limited inhibition of multiple pathways is required to overcome variation in MAPK network topology and suppress signaling output across heterogeneous tumor cells. Restricting inhibition of individual kinases dissipates surplus signal, preventing threshold activation of compensatory kinase networks. This low-dose multi-drug approach to decrease signaling capacity of driver networks represents a transformative, clinically relevant strategy for anti-metastatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ekrem Yesilkanal
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Dongbo Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Andrea Valdespino
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Payal Tiwari
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alan U Sabino
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Long Chi Nguyen
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Xiao-He Xie
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Siqi Sun
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Christopher Dann
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Ethan Steinberg
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Timothy Stuhlmiller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Casey Frankenberger
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Alexandre F Ramos
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marsha R Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Xu D, Li C. Regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 Axis by Protein Kinases and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646687. [PMID: 33842469 PMCID: PMC8027324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is a key biological process that facilitates adaptation of cells to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This process is critical for cancer cells to adapt to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment resulting from rapid tumor growth. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor and a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. The activity of HIF-1 is dictated primarily by its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), whose level and/or activity are largely regulated by an oxygen-dependent and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated process. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) catalyze hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α by the proteasome. Seven in Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2), a RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, stabilizes HIF-1α by targeting PHDs for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome. This SIAH2-HIF-1 signaling axis is important for maintaining the level of HIF-1α under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A number of protein kinases have been shown to phosphorylate SIAH2, thereby regulating its stability, activity, or substrate binding. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 axis via phosphorylation of SIAH2 by these kinases and the potential implication of this regulation in cancer biology and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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40
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JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
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41
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Cicenas J, Račienė A. Anti-Cancer Drugs Targeting Protein Kinases Approved by FDA in 2020. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050947. [PMID: 33668248 PMCID: PMC7956733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a large group of diseases that mostly emerge because of the uncontrollable action of many different genes in human cells [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-6645875822 or +37-066704267
| | - Asta Račienė
- Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Chen Z, Gao J, Sun J, Wu Z, Wang B. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY-1) Mediates the Proliferation and Migration of Neuroblastoma Cells in Humans Through the ERK/Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) Signaling Pathways. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928813. [PMID: 33619241 PMCID: PMC7911850 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoacylase 1 (ACY-1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes amino acid deacylation and has been reported to participate in various human diseases. However, the role and mechanism of ACY-1 in neuroblastoma (NB) are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ACY-1 in NB. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overexpression and knockdown of ACY-1 in human NB cells were performed, and the transfection efficiency was assessed through fluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR, and western blotting. The effect of ACY-1 on tumorigenesis and metastasis was determined by cell counting, colony formation, wound healing, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assays in vitro, and the signaling pathway was examined using western blotting. RESULTS ACY-1 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human NB cells. ACY-1 inhibited the colony formation ability, migration, and invasion of SH-SY5Y cell lines. Moreover, the ERK1/2 and TGF-ß1 signaling pathways were more active when ACY-1 was overexpressed in NB cells. However, the knockdown of ACY-1 in SH-SY5Y cell lines showed the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS ACY-1 regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human NB cells through the ERK1/2 and TGF-ß1 signaling pathways, implying that ACY-1 may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhouguang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Huang S, Howington MB, Dobry CJ, Evans CR, Leiser SF. Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases Are Conserved Regulators of Stress Resistance and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630188. [PMID: 33644069 PMCID: PMC7907451 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases are conserved xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes. Recent studies have revealed endogenous functions of FMOs in regulating longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and in regulating aspects of metabolism in mice. To explore the cellular mechanisms of FMO's endogenous function, here we demonstrate that all five functional mammalian FMOs may play similar endogenous roles to improve resistance to a wide range of toxic stresses in both kidney and liver cells. We further find that stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity is enhanced in FMO-overexpressing cells, which may lead to increased survival under stress. Furthermore, FMO expression modulates cellular metabolic activity as measured by mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and metabolomics analyses. FMO expression augments mitochondrial respiration and significantly changes central carbon metabolism, including amino acid and energy metabolism pathways. Together, our findings demonstrate an important endogenous role for the FMO family in regulation of cellular stress resistance and major cellular metabolic activities including central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marshall B. Howington
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Craig J. Dobry
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles R. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Scott F. Leiser
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Jung EJ, Paramanantham A, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Ryu CH, Hong SC, Chung KH, Kim CW, Lee WS. Artemisia annua L. Polyphenol-Induced Cell Death Is ROS-Independently Enhanced by Inhibition of JNK in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1366. [PMID: 33573023 PMCID: PMC7866371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by chemotherapeutic reagents including natural plant polyphenols, and cell fate is determined by activated phospho-JNK as survival or death depending on stimuli and cell types. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of JNK on the anticancer effects of the Korean plant Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) polyphenols in p53 wild-type HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell morphology, protein expression levels, apoptosis/necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), acidic vesicles, and granularity/DNA content were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy; Western blot; and flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide (PI)-, dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-, acridine orange (AO)-, and side scatter pulse height (SSC-H)/DNA content (PI)-stained cells. The results showed that pKAL induced morphological changes and necrosis or late apoptosis, which were associated with loss of plasma membrane/Golgi integrity, increased acidic vesicles and intracellular granularity, and decreased DNA content through downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/β-catenin/cyclophilin A/Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) and upregulation of phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser-139 (γ-H2AX)/p53/p21/Bak cleavage/phospho-JNK/p62/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-I. Moreover, JNK inhibition by SP600125 enhanced ROS-independently pKAL-induced cell death through downregulation of p62 and upregulation of p53/p21/Bak cleavage despite a reduced state of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX. These findings indicate that phospho-JNK activated by pKAL inhibits p53-dependent cell death signaling and enhances DNA damage signaling, but cell fate is determined by phospho-JNK as survival rather than death in p53 wild-type HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
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Shabana AM, Kambhampati SP, Hsia RC, Kannan RM, Kokkoli E. Thermosensitive and biodegradable hydrogel encapsulating targeted nanoparticles for the sustained co-delivery of gemcitabine and paclitaxel to pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120139. [PMID: 33278494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a life threatening disease with rising mortality. Although the synergistic combination of gemcitabine and albumin-bound paclitaxel has proven to enhance the median survival rates as compared to gemcitabine alone, their systemic and repeated co-administration has been associated with serious toxic side effects and poor patient compliance. For this purpose, we designed a thermosensitive and biodegradable hydrogel encapsulating targeted nanoparticles for the local and sustained delivery of gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) to pancreatic cancer. GEM and PTX were loaded into PR_b-functionalized liposomes targeting integrin α5β1, which was shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. PR_b is a fibronectin-mimetic peptide that binds to α5β1 with high affinity and specificity. The PR_b liposomes were encapsulated into a poly(δ-valerolactone-co-D,L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(δ-valerolactone-co-D,L-lactide) (PVLA-PEG-PVLA) hydrogel and demonstrated sustained release of both drugs compared to PR_b-functionalized liposomes free in solution or free drugs in the hydrogel. Moreover, the hydrogel-nanoparticle system was proven to be very efficient towards killing monolayers of human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1), and showed a significant reduction in the growth pattern of PANC-1 tumor spheroids as compared to hydrogels encapsulating non-targeted liposomes with GEM/PTX or free drugs, after a one week treatment period. Our hybrid hydrogel-nanoparticle system is a promising platform for the local and sustained delivery of GEM/PTX to pancreatic cancer, with the goal of maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of this synergistic drug cocktail while potentially minimizing toxic side effects and eliminating the need for repeated co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Shabana
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Siva P Kambhampati
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Ru-Ching Hsia
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Electron Microscopy Core Imaging Facility, University of Maryland Baltimore Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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Liu L, Xing Y, Cao M, Xu J, Chen J. Exogenous NO induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via positive p38/JNK signaling pathway and negative ERK signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1651-1661. [PMID: 33420899 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
JS-K as an exogenous NO donor could release NO after activation by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The present study explores the effects of JS-K on MAPK pathway in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells. JS-K significantly prompted apoptosis and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) prior to JS-K could partly reverse apoptosis and activation of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. However, U0126 (a MEK inhibitor) strengthened the cell apoptosis and the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. JS-K caused phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK but attenuated phosphorylation of ERK, which were reversed by Carboxy-PTIO (a NO scavenger). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of HSP27, c-JUN and ATF-2 were activated in JS-K-treated cells. SB203580 and SP600125 could attenuate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, respectively. The phosphorylation in downstream substrates of p38 MAPK and JNK was also abolished by SB203580 and SP600125 in JS-K-treated cells. Additionally, JS-K decreased phosphorylation of c-Raf, which subsequently caused a decrease of MEK1/2 phosphorylation. Several downstream targets of ERK1/2 including p90RSK and transcription factors (e.g., Elk-1, c-Myc and c-Fos) were inhibited. U0126 potentiated JS-K-induced inhibitory effect of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. The same results were also observed in the downstream substrates of ERK1/2 including p90RSK, Elk-1, c-Myc and c-Fos. Moreover, Carboxy-PTIO abolished the inhibitory effect of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway triggered by JS-K. Finally, JS-K significantly suppressed the growth of rat primary hepatic carcinoma via MAPK pathway in vivo. Taken together, JS-K can induce hepatocellular carcinoma cells apoptosis through its activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inactivation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Yihao Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
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The roles of signaling pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection; lessons learned from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Arch Virol 2021; 166:675-696. [PMID: 33462671 PMCID: PMC7812983 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of descriptions of emerging viruses has grown at an unprecedented rate since the beginning of the 21st century. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the third highly pathogenic coronavirus that has introduced itself into the human population in the current era, after SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Molecular and cellular studies of the pathogenesis of this novel coronavirus are still in the early stages of research; however, based on similarities of SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses, it can be hypothesized that the NF-κB, cytokine regulation, ERK, and TNF-α signaling pathways are the likely causes of inflammation at the onset of COVID-19. Several drugs have been prescribed and used to alleviate the adverse effects of these inflammatory cellular signaling pathways, and these might be beneficial for developing novel therapeutic modalities against COVID-19. In this review, we briefly summarize alterations of cellular signaling pathways that are associated with coronavirus infection, particularly SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and tabulate the therapeutic agents that are currently approved for treating other human diseases.
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Jamalzadeh S, Pujari AN, Cullen PJ. A Rab escort protein regulates the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth in yeast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22184. [PMID: 33335117 PMCID: PMC7746766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK pathways regulate different responses yet can share common components. Although core regulators of MAPK pathways are well known, new pathway regulators continue to be identified. Overexpression screens can uncover new roles for genes in biological processes and are well suited to identify essential genes that cannot be evaluated by gene deletion analysis. In this study, a genome-wide screen was performed to identify genes that, when overexpressed, induce a reporter (FUS1-HIS3) that responds to ERK-type pathways (Mating and filamentous growth or fMAPK) but not p38-type pathways (HOG) in yeast. Approximately 4500 plasmids overexpressing individual yeast genes were introduced into strains containing the reporter by high-throughput transformation. Candidate genes were identified by measuring growth as a readout of reporter activity. Fourteen genes were identified and validated by re-testing: two were metabolic controls (HIS3, ATR1), five had established roles in regulating ERK-type pathways (STE4, STE7, BMH1, BMH2, MIG2) and seven represent potentially new regulators of MAPK signaling (RRN6, CIN5, MRS6, KAR2, TFA1, RSC3, RGT2). MRS6 encodes a Rab escort protein and effector of the TOR pathway that plays a role in nutrient signaling. MRS6 overexpression stimulated invasive growth and phosphorylation of the ERK-type fMAPK, Kss1. Overexpression of MRS6 reduced the osmotolerance of cells and phosphorylation of the p38/HOG MAPK, Hog1. Mrs6 interacted with the PAK kinase Ste20 and MAPKK Ste7 by two-hybrid analysis. Based on these results, Mrs6 may selectively propagate an ERK-dependent signal. Identifying new regulators of MAPK pathways may provide new insights into signal integration among core cellular processes and the execution of pathway-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Jamalzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Atindra N Pujari
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 532 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1300, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 532 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1300, USA.
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Abstract
Obesity is a health condition that has reached pandemic levels and is implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and heart failure. A key characteristic of obesity is the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), such as the p38 and JNK stress kinases, in several organs, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, immune organs and the central nervous system. The correct timing, intensity and duration of SAPK activation contributes to cellular metabolic adaptation. By contrast, uncontrolled SAPK activation has been proposed to contribute to the complications of obesity. The stress kinase signalling pathways have therefore been identified as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome. The past few decades have seen intense research efforts to determine how these kinases are regulated in a cell-specific manner and to define their contribution to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have uncovered new and unexpected functions of the non-classical members of both pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the role of SAPKs in metabolic control and highlight important discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Targeting autophagy to overcome drug resistance: further developments. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:159. [PMID: 33239065 PMCID: PMC7687716 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting cell survival and inducing cell death are the main approaches of tumor therapy. Autophagy plays an important role on intracellular metabolic homeostasis by eliminating dysfunctional or unnecessary proteins and damaged or aged cellular organelles to recycle their constituent metabolites that enable the maintenance of cell survival and genetic stability and even promotes the drug resistance, which severely limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Currently, targeting autophagy has a seemingly contradictory effect to suppress and promote tumor survival, which makes the effect of targeting autophagy on drug resistance more confusing and fuzzier. In the review, we summarize the regulation of autophagy by emerging ways, the action of targeting autophagy on drug resistance and some of the new therapeutic approaches to treat tumor drug resistance by interfering with autophagy-related pathways. The full-scale understanding of the tumor-associated signaling pathways and physiological functions of autophagy will hopefully open new possibilities for the treatment of tumor drug resistance and the improvement in clinical outcomes.
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