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Kulkarni A, Zhou J, Biyani N, Kathad U, Banerjee PP, Srivastava S, Prucsi Z, Solarczyk K, Bhatia K, Ewesuedo RB, Sharma P. LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1199-1210. [PMID: 38630886 PMCID: PMC11072798 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-related gene alterations are present in a significant subset of prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancers rendering these tumors as potential responders to specific DNA damaging agents. A small molecule acylfulvene prodrug, LP-184, metabolizes to an active compound by the oxidoreductase activity of enzyme prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which is frequently elevated in multiple solid tumor types. Prior work demonstrated that cancer cell lines deficient in a spectrum of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes show increased susceptibility to LP-184. Here, we investigated the potential of LP-184 in targeting multiple tumors with impaired HR function and its mechanism of action as a DNA damaging agent. LP-184 induced elevated DNA double-strand breaks in HR deficient (HRD) cancer cells. Depletion of key HR components BRCA2 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in cancer cells conferred up to 12-fold increased sensitivity to the LP-184. LP-184 showed nanomolar potency in a diverse range of HRD cancer models, including prostate cancer organoids, leiomyosarcoma cell lines, and patient-derived tumor graft models of lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. LP-184 demonstrated complete, durable tumor regression in 10 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HRD triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) including those resistant to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). LP-184 further displayed strong synergy with PARPi in ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines as well as in TNBC PDX models. These preclinical findings illustrate the potential of LP-184 as a pan-HRD cancer therapeutic. Taken together, our results support continued clinical evaluation of LP-184 in a large subset of HRD solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE New agents with activity against DDR-deficient solid tumors refractory to standard-of-care therapies are needed. We report multiple findings supporting the potential for LP-184, a novel alkylating agent with three FDA orphan drug designations, to fill this void clinically: strong nanomolar potency; sustained, durable regression of solid tumor xenografts; synthetic lethality with HR defects. LP-184 adult phase IA trial to assess safety in advanced solid tumors is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Partha P. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Moradi Z, Kazemi M, Jamshidi-Khalifelou R, Bahramnia V, Esfandmaz F, Rahnavard R, Moradgholi B, Piri-Gharaghie T. CRISPR du-HITI an attractive approach to targeting Long Noncoding RNA HCP5 as inhibitory factor for proliferation of ovarian cancer cell. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38507114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This research provides a glimmer of hope that the knockout of HCP5 leads to a therapy response to considerably prolong the life of patients with OC. RT-PCR evaluated the expression of lncRNA HCP5 in the ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line. CRISPR knockout cell lines validated by western blot. Small genomic deletions at the targeted locus were induced. CCK-8 colony formation assays were used to analyze the effect of HCP5 knockout on the proliferation capacity of OVCAR-3 cells. Transwell migration and invasion assayed. Furthermore, the Sphere-formation assay isolated the most aggressive population of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analysis showed a significant correlation between lncRNA HCP5 up-regulation and OVCAR-3 cell proliferation. The ChIP technique assesses specific sites of interaction between transcription factors and DNA. Real-time PCR assays explored the relationship between HCP5, Hsa-miR-9-5p, CXCR4, CDH1, caspase-3, p53, bcl2 and survivin. PCR carried out amplification of the 448-bp band for sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 after the use of particular primers for HCP5. the number of breast cancer cells that moved to the bottom chamber reduced considerably after transfection with PX461-sgRNA1/2 vectors compared to the Blank control groups (P < 0.05). MTT assay designated growth curves that showed the rate of OVCAR-3 growth was significantly repressed (***P < 0.001) when compared with control OVCAR-3 cells after HCP5 knockdown. Also, the survival results of W.T cells in 24, 48 and 72 h showed 92%, 87% and 85%, respectively. This is while the cells of the CRISPR/Cas9 group in which LncRNA HCP5 was knocked out had 42% (*P < 0.05), 23%(**P < 0.01) and 14% (**P < 0.01) survival, respectively. The expression levels of caspase-3, Hsa-miR-9-5p, P53 genes in the HCP5 deletion of CRISPR/Cas9 group significantly increased than the W.T. control group; the deletion group showed a considerable reduction in HCP5 expression compared to the blank control group (3.6-fold, p < 0.01). Whereas BCL2, SURVIVIN, CXCR4, CDH1 genes expression markedly increased than in HCP5 knockout cells (5.8-fold, p < 0.05). These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HCP5 disruption on OVCAR-3 cell lines promotes anti-tumor biomarkers, suppressing ovarian cancer progression. Consistent with these results, HCP5 is one of the most critical lnc for the efficient proliferation and migration of OVCAR-3 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Moradi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mandana Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Jamshidi-Khalifelou
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Bahramnia
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfandmaz
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnavard
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Moradgholi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Sogari A, Rovera E, Grasso G, Mariella E, Reilly NM, Lamba S, Mauri G, Durinikova E, Vitiello PP, Lorenzato A, Avolio M, Piumatti E, Bonoldi E, Aquilano MC, Arena S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S, Trusolino L, Donalisio M, Russo M, Di Nicolantonio F, Lembo D, Bardelli A. Tolerance to colibactin correlates with homologous recombination proficiency and resistance to irinotecan in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101376. [PMID: 38228147 PMCID: PMC10897517 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, but systematic assessment of its impact on DNA repair is lacking, and its effect on response to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics is unknown. We find that CRC cell lines display differential response to colibactin on the basis of homologous recombination (HR) proficiency. Sensitivity to colibactin is induced by inhibition of ATM, which regulates DNA double-strand break repair, and blunted by HR reconstitution. Conversely, CRC cells chronically infected with colibactin develop a tolerant phenotype characterized by restored HR activity. Notably, sensitivity to colibactin correlates with response to irinotecan active metabolite SN38, in both cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Moreover, CRC cells that acquire colibactin tolerance develop cross-resistance to SN38, and a trend toward poorer response to irinotecan is observed in a retrospective cohort of CRCs harboring colibactin genomic island. Our results shed insight into colibactin activity and provide translational evidence on its chemoresistance-promoting role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sogari
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rovera
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaia Grasso
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mariella
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Lamba
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mauri
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Avolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piumatti
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Department of Pathology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Division of Clinical Research and Innovation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mariangela Russo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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Chodurek E, Orchel A, Gwiazdoń P, Kaps A, Paduszyński P, Jaworska-Kik M, Chrobak E, Bębenek E, Boryczka S, Kasperczyk J. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Properties of Propynoyl Betulin Derivatives against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16487. [PMID: 38003677 PMCID: PMC10671498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) and the limitations of available therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to search for novel therapeutic solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of betulin 1 and its propynoyl derivatives 2-6 against ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) and normal myofibroblasts (18Co). Paclitaxel was used as the reference compound. The propynoyl derivatives 2-6 exhibited stronger antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities compared to betulin 1. In both ovarian cancer cell lines, the most potent compound was 28-propynoylbetulin 2. In the case of compound 2, the calculated IC50 values were 0.2 µM for the SK-OV-3 cells and 0.19 µM for the OVCAR-3 cells. Under the same culture conditions, the calculated IC50 values for compound 6 were 0.26 µM and 0.59 µM, respectively. It was observed that cells treated with compounds 2 and 6 caused a decrease in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and a significant change in cell morphology. Betulin 1, a diol from the group of pentacyclic triterpenes, has a confirmed wide spectrum of biological effects, including a significant anticancer effect. It is characterized by low bioavailability, which can be improved by introducing changes to its structure. The results showed that chemical modifications of betulin 1 only at position C-28 with the propynoyl group (compound 2) and additionally at position C-3 with the phosphate group (compound 3) or at C-29 with the phosphonate group (compound 6) allowed us to obtain compounds with greater cytotoxic activity than their parent compounds, which could be used to develop novel therapeutic systems effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Arkadiusz Orchel
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Paweł Gwiazdoń
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Kaps
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Piotr Paduszyński
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marzena Jaworska-Kik
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
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5
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O'Brien S, Butticello M, Thompson C, Wilson B, Wyce A, Mahajan V, Kruger R, Mohammad H, Fedoriw A. Inhibiting PRMT5 induces DNA damage and increases anti-proliferative activity of Niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in models of breast and ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:775. [PMID: 37596538 PMCID: PMC10436459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARP) provide clinical benefit to patients with breast and ovarian cancers, by compromising the DNA repair activity of cancer cells. Although these agents extend progression-free survival in many patients, responses can be short lived with many patients ultimately progressing. Identification of combination partners that increase dependence of cancer cells to the DNA repair activity of PARPs may represent a strategy to increase the utility of PARP inhibitors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates DNA damage response pathways through splicing and protein modification, and inhibitors of PRMT5 have recently entered clinical trials. METHODS The effect of PRMT5 inhibition on the levels of DNA damage and repair markers including γH2AX, RAD51, and 53BP1 was determined using high content immunofluorescent imaging. The anti-proliferative activity of the combination of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors was evaluated using in vitro models of breast and ovarian cancers using both cell lines and ex vivo patient derived xenografts. Finally, the combinations of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors were evaluated in cell line xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS Inhibition of PRMT5 by GSK3326595 led to increased levels of markers of DNA damage. The addition of GSK3326595 to the PARP inhibitor, niraparib, resulted in increased growth inhibition of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived spheroids. In vivo, the combination improved the partial effects on tumor growth inhibition achieved by either single agent, producing complete tumor stasis and regression. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 induced signatures of DNA damage in models of breast and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, combination with the PARP inhibitor, Niraparib, resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these data suggest inhibition of PRMT5 as a mechanism to broaden and enhance the clinical application of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Brien
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | | | | | - Boris Wilson
- Synthetic Lethality RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Anastasia Wyce
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Vivek Mahajan
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Ryan Kruger
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Helai Mohammad
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Andy Fedoriw
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA.
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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Dirimtekin E, Mortoglou M, Alavanda C, Benomar Yemlahi A, Arslan Ates E, Guney I, Uysal-Onganer P. miR-34a-FOXP1 Loop in Ovarian Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27743-27750. [PMID: 37546627 PMCID: PMC10399168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the main cause of gynecological cancer mortality in most developed countries. microRNA (miR) expression dysregulation has been highlighted in human cancers, and miR-34a is found to be downregulated and associated with inhibition of tumor growth and invasion in several malignancies, including OC. The winged helix transcription factor forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) is reported as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aimed to elucidate potential clinical and biological associations of miR-34a and transcription factor FOXP1 in OC. We investigated nine OC patients' blood samples and two OC cell lines (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3) using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine both miR-34a and FOXP1 expressions. We have found that miR-34a and FOXP1 are reversely correlated in both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of miR-34a transiently led to upregulation of FOXP1 mRNA expression and increased cellular invasion in vitro. Our data indicate that miR-34a could be a potential biomarker for improving the diagnostic efficiency of OC, and miR-34a overexpression may reduce OC pathogenesis by targeting FOXP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Dirimtekin
- Department
of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer
Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, U.K.
| | - Ceren Alavanda
- Department
of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department
of Medical Genetics, Van Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 65170 Van, Turkey
| | - Asmaa Benomar Yemlahi
- Cancer
Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, U.K.
| | - Esra Arslan Ates
- Department
of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa,
Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilter Guney
- Department
of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer
Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, U.K.
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7
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Zhang Y, Dong K, Jia X, Du S, Wang D, Wang L, Qu H, Zhu S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang S, Sun W, Fu S. A novel extrachromosomal circular DNA related genes signature for overall survival prediction in patients with ovarian cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:140. [PMID: 37337170 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer (OV) has a high mortality rate all over the world, and extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) plays a key role in carcinogenesis. We wish to study more about the molecular structure of eccDNA in the UACC-1598-4 cell line and how its genes are associated with ovarian cancer prognosis. METHODS We sequenced and annotated the eccDNA by Circle_seq of the OV cell line UACC-1598-4. To acquire the amplified genes of OV on eccDNA, the annotated eccDNA genes were intersected with the overexpression genes of OV in TCGA. Univariate Cox regression was used to find the genes on eccDNA that were linked to OV prognosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and cox regression models were used to create the OV prognostic model, as well as the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve and nomogram of the prediction model. By applying the median value of the risk score, the samples were separated into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the differences in immune infiltration between the two groups were examined using ssGSEA. RESULTS EccDNA in UACC-1598-4 has a length of 0-2000 bp, and some of them include the whole genes or gene fragments. These eccDNA originated from various parts of chromosomes, especially enriched in repeatmasker, introns, and coding regions. They were annotated with 2188 genes by Circle_seq. Notably, the TCGA database revealed that a total of 198 of these eccDNA genes were overexpressed in OV (p < 0.05). They were mostly enriched in pathways associated with cell adhesion, ECM receptors, and actin cytoskeleton. Univariate Cox analysis showed 13 genes associated with OV prognosis. LASSO and Cox regression analysis were used to create a risk model based on remained 9 genes. In both the training (TCGA database) and validation (International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC) cohorts, a 9-gene signature could successfully discriminate high-risk individuals (all p < 0.01). Immune infiltration differed significantly between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The model's area under the ROC curve was 0.67, and a nomograph was created to assist clinician. CONCLUSION EccDNA is found in UACC-1598-4, and part of its genes linked to OV prognosis. Patients with OV may be efficiently evaluated using a prognostic model based on eccDNA genes, including SLC7A1, NTN1, ADORA1, PADI2, SULT2B1, LINC00665, CILP2, EFNA5, TOMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kexian Dong
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuomeng Du
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Han Qu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuopeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China.
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8
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Elevated Levels of Lamin A Promote HR and NHEJ-Mediated Repair Mechanisms in High-Grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Cell Line. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050757. [PMID: 36899893 PMCID: PMC10001195 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research for the last two decades has significantly contributed to understanding the roles of lamins in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and genome organization which is drastically modified in neoplasia. It must be emphasized that alteration in lamin A/C expression and distribution is a consistent event during tumorigenesis of almost all tissues of human bodies. One of the important signatures of a cancer cell is its inability to repair DNA damage which befalls several genomic events that transform the cells to be sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. This genomic and chromosomal instability is the most common feature found in cases of high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. Here, we report elevated levels of lamins in OVCAR3 cells (high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma cell line) in comparison to IOSE (immortalised ovarian surface epithelial cells) and, consequently, altered damage repair machinery in OVCAR3. We have analysed the changes in global gene expression as a sequel to DNA damage induced by etoposide in ovarian carcinoma where lamin A is particularly elevated in expression and reported some differentially expressed genes associated with pathways conferring cellular proliferation and chemoresistance. We hereby establish the role of elevated lamin A in neoplastic transformation in the context of high-grade ovarian serous cancer through a combination of HR and NHEJ mechanisms.
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9
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Coelho R, Tozzi A, Disler M, Lombardo F, Fedier A, López MN, Freuler F, Jacob F, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V. Overlapping gene dependencies for PARP inhibitors and carboplatin response identified by functional CRISPR-Cas9 screening in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:909. [PMID: 36307400 PMCID: PMC9616819 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment with outstanding benefits in regard to progression-free survival, especially in patients either carrying BRCA1/2 mutations or harboring defects in the homologous recombination repair system. Yet, it remains uncertain which PARPi to apply and how to predict responders when platinum sensitivity is unknown. To shed light on the predictive power of genes previously suggested to be associated with PARPi response, we systematically reviewed the literature and identified 79 publications investigating a total of 93 genes. The top candidate genes were further tested using a comprehensive CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screening in combination with olaparib treatment. Therefore, we generated six constitutive Cas9+ EOC cell lines and profiled 33 genes in a CRISPR-Cas9 cell competition assay using non-essential (AAVS1) and essential (RPA3 and PCNA) genes for cell fitness as negative and positive controls, respectively. We identified only ATM, MUS81, NBN, BRCA2, and RAD51B as predictive markers for olaparib response. As the major survival benefit of PARPi treatment was reported in platinum-sensitive tumors, we next assessed nine top candidate genes in combination with three PARPi and carboplatin. Interestingly, we observed similar dropout rates in a gene and compound independent manner, supporting the strong correlation of cancer cell response to compounds that rely on DNA repair for their effectiveness. In addition, we report on CDK12 as a common vulnerability for EOC cell survival and proliferation without altering the olaparib response, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Coelho
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Tozzi
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.410567.1Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Disler
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Lombardo
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fedier
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mónica Núñez López
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Freuler
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- grid.410567.1Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.410567.1Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Kelly MR, Wisniewska K, Regner MJ, Lewis MW, Perreault AA, Davis ES, Phanstiel DH, Parker JS, Franco HL. A multi-omic dissection of super-enhancer driven oncogenic gene expression programs in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4247. [PMID: 35869079 PMCID: PMC9307778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains regulatory elements, such as enhancers, that are often rewired by cancer cells for the activation of genes that promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy. This is especially true for cancers that have little or no known driver mutations within protein coding genes, such as ovarian cancer. Herein, we utilize an integrated set of genomic and epigenomic datasets to identify clinically relevant super-enhancers that are preferentially amplified in ovarian cancer patients. We systematically probe the top 86 super-enhancers, using CRISPR-interference and CRISPR-deletion assays coupled to RNA-sequencing, to nominate two salient super-enhancers that drive proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Utilizing Hi-C, we construct chromatin interaction maps that enable the annotation of direct target genes for these super-enhancers and confirm their activity specifically within the cancer cell compartment of human tumors using single-cell genomics data. Together, our multi-omic approach examines a number of fundamental questions about how regulatory information encoded into super-enhancers drives gene expression networks that underlie the biology of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kelly
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kamila Wisniewska
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew J Regner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael W Lewis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrea A Perreault
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eric S Davis
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Douglas H Phanstiel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hector L Franco
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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11
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Sesquiterpene Lactones Potentiate Olaparib-Induced DNA Damage in p53 Wildtype Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031116. [PMID: 35163037 PMCID: PMC8835362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite notable advances in utilising PARP inhibitor monotherapy, many cancers are not PARP inhibitor-sensitive or develop treatment resistance. In this work, we show that the two structurally-related sesquiterpene lactones, a 2-bromobenzyloxy derivative of dehydrosantonin (BdS) and alantolactone (ATL) sensitise p53 wildtype, homologous recombination-proficient cancer cells to low-dose treatment with the PARP inhibitor, olaparib. Exposure to combination treatments of olaparib with BdS or ATL induces cell-cycle changes, chromosomal instability, as well as considerable increases in nuclear area. Mechanistically, we uncover that mitotic errors likely depend on oxidative stress elicited by the electrophilic lactone warheads and olaparib-mediated PARP-trapping, culminating in replication stress. Combination treatments exhibit moderately synergistic effects on cell survival, probably attenuated by a p53-mediated, protective cell-cycle arrest in the G2 cell-cycle phase. Indeed, using a WEE1 inhibitor, AZD1775, to inhibit the G2/M cell-cycle checkpoint further decreased cell survival. Around half of all cancers diagnosed retain p53 functionality, and this proportion could be expected to increase with improved diagnostic approaches in the clinic. Utilising sublethal oxidative stress to sensitise p53 wildtype, homologous recombination-proficient cancer cells to low-dose PARP-trapping could therefore serve as the basis for future research into the treatment of cancers currently refractory to PARP inhibition.
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12
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The non-apoptotic function of Caspase-8 in negatively regulating the CDK9-mediated Ser2 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in cervical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:597. [PMID: 36399280 PMCID: PMC9674771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and fatal gynecological cancer. 15-61% of all cases metastasize and develop chemoresistance, reducing the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients to as low as 17%. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms contributing to metastasis is critical in developing better-targeted therapies against it. Here, we have identified a novel mechanism where nuclear Caspase-8 directly interacts with and inhibits the activity of CDK9, thereby modulating RNAPII-mediated global transcription, including those of cell-migration- and cell-invasion-associated genes. Crucially, low Caspase-8 expression in cervical cancer patients leads to poor prognosis, higher CDK9 phosphorylation at Thr186, and increased RNAPII activity in cervical cancer cell lines and patient biopsies. Caspase-8 knock-out cells were also more resistant to the small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor BAY1251152 in both 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. Combining BAY1251152 with Cisplatin synergistically overcame chemoresistance of Caspase-8-deficient cervical cancer cells. Therefore, Caspase-8 expression could be a marker in chemoresistant cervical tumors, suggesting CDK9 inhibitor treatment for their sensitization to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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13
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Sudhindar PD, Wainwright D, Saha S, Howarth R, McCain M, Bury Y, Saha SS, McPherson S, Reeves H, Patel AH, Faulkner GJ, Lunec J, Shukla R. HCV Activates Somatic L1 Retrotransposition-A Potential Hepatocarcinogenesis Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5079. [PMID: 34680227 PMCID: PMC8533982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The activation and mutagenic consequences of L1 retrotransposons in virus-associated-HCC have been documented. However, the direct influence of HCV upon L1 elements is unclear, and is the focus of the present study. L1 transcript expression was evaluated in a publicly available liver tissue RNA-seq dataset from patients with chronic HCV hepatitis (CHC), as well as healthy controls. L1 transcript expression was significantly higher in CHC than in controls. L1orf1p (a L1 encoded protein) expression was observed in six out of 11 CHC livers by immunohistochemistry. To evaluate the influence of HCV on retrotransposition efficiency, in vitro engineered-L1 retrotransposition assays were employed in Huh7 cells in the presence and absence of an HCV replicon. An increased retrotransposition rate was observed in the presence of replicating HCV RNA, and persisted in cells after viral clearance due to sofosbuvir (PSI7977) treatment. Increased retrotransposition could be due to dysregulation of the DNA-damage repair response, including homologous recombination, due to HCV infection. Altogether these data suggest that L1 expression can be activated before oncogenic transformation in CHC patients, with HCV-upregulated retrotransposition potentially contributing to HCC genomic instability and a risk of transformation that persists post-viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D. Sudhindar
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.D.S.); (D.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Daniel Wainwright
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.D.S.); (D.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Santu Saha
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.S.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Rachel Howarth
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.D.S.); (D.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Misti McCain
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.S.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Yvonne Bury
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK;
| | - Sweta S. Saha
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.S.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Stuart McPherson
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Helen Reeves
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.S.S.); (H.R.)
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Geoffrey J. Faulkner
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.D.S.); (D.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.D.S.); (D.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.)
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14
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Handley KF, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Ma S, Stur E, Joseph R, Bayraktar E, Dasari SK, Nguyen N, Powell RT, Sobieski M, Ivan C, Kim M, Umamaheswaran S, Glassman D, Wen Y, Amero P, Stephan C, Coleman RL, Landesman Y, Westin SN, Ram PT, Sood AK. Rational Combination of CRM1 Inhibitor Selinexor and Olaparib Shows Synergy in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Mouse Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2352-2361. [PMID: 34583979 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CRM1 inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor effects in ovarian and other cancers; however, rational combinations are largely unexplored. We performed a high-throughput drug library screen to identify drugs that might combine well with selinexor in ovarian cancer. Next, we tested the combination of selinexor with the top hit from the drug screen in vitro and in vivo Finally, we assessed for mechanisms underlying the identified synergy using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA). The drug library screen assessing 688 drugs identified olaparib (a PARP inhibitor) as the most synergistic combination with selinexor. Synergy was further demonstrated by MTT assays. In the A2780luc ip1 mouse model, the combination of selinexor and olaparib yielded significantly lower tumor weight and fewer tumor nodules compared with the control group (P < 0.04 and P < 0.03). In the OVCAR5 mouse model, the combination yielded significantly fewer nodules (P = 0.006) and markedly lower tumor weight compared with the control group (P = 0.059). RPPA analysis indicated decreased expression of DNA damage repair proteins and increased expression of tumor suppressor proteins in the combination treatment group. Collectively, our preclinical findings indicate that combination with selinexor to expand the utility and efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Handley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elaine Stur
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh K Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Reid T Powell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary Sobieski
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Kim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sujanitha Umamaheswaran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deanna Glassman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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15
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Evaluating Targeted Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Metabolism: Novel Role for PCSK9 and Second Generation mTOR Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153727. [PMID: 34359627 PMCID: PMC8345177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated lipid metabolism is emerging as a hallmark in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). Specifically, metastatic OC is highly dependent on lipid-rich omentum. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic value of targeting lipid metabolism in OC. For this purpose, we studied the role of PCSK9, a cholesterol-regulating enzyme, in OC cell survival and its downstream signaling. We also investigated the cytotoxic efficacy of a small library of metabolic (n = 11) and mTOR (n = 10) inhibitors using OC cell lines (n = 8) and ex vivo patient-derived cell cultures (PDCs, n = 5) to identify clinically suitable drug vulnerabilities. Targeting PCSK9 expression with siRNA or PCSK9 specific inhibitor (PF-06446846) impaired OC cell survival. In addition, overexpression of PCSK9 induced robust AKT phosphorylation along with increased expression of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, suggesting a pro-survival role of PCSK9 in OC cells. Moreover, our drug testing revealed marked differences in cytotoxic responses to drugs targeting metabolic pathways of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) PDCs. Our results show that targeting PCSK9 expression could impair OC cell survival, which warrants further investigation to address the dependency of this cancer on lipogenesis and omental metastasis. Moreover, the differences in metabolic gene expression and drug responses of OC PDCs indicate the existence of a metabolic heterogeneity within OC subtypes, which should be further explored for therapeutic improvements.
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16
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Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Functional Alterations in DNA Damage Response Pathways as Putative Biomarkers of Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061420. [PMID: 33804647 PMCID: PMC8003626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several chemotherapy drugs are approved for ovarian cancer treatment in the neo-adjuvant/adjuvant setting as well as following relapse. These include carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, topotecan, PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and gemcitabine. However, except for PAPRi, there are no predictive biomarkers to guide the choice of drug. The majority of chemotherapeutic drugs function by inducing DNA damage or inhibiting its repair. However, the association of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway alterations with therapy response remain unclear. In this study, using a panel of 14 ovarian cancer cell lines, 10 patient ascites-derived primary cultures and bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer dataset, we identified the role of genomic/transcriptomic and/or functional alterations in DDR pathways as determinants of therapy response. Abstract Defective DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are enabling characteristics of cancers that not only can be exploited to specifically target cancer cells but also can predict chemotherapy response. Defective Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) function, e.g., due to BRCA1/2 loss, is a determinant of response to platinum agents and PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers. Most chemotherapies function by either inducing DNA damage or impacting on its repair but are generally used in the clinic unselectively. The significance of HRR and other DDR pathways in determining response to several other chemotherapy drugs is not well understood. In this study, the genomic, transcriptomic and functional analysis of DDR pathways in a panel of 14 ovarian cancer cell lines identified that defects in DDR pathways could determine response to several chemotherapy drugs. Carboplatin, rucaparib, and topotecan sensitivity were associated with functional loss of HRR (validated in 10 patient-derived primary cultures) and mismatch repair. Two DDR gene expression clusters correlating with treatment response were identified, with PARP10 identified as a novel marker of platinum response, which was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer cohort. Reduced non-homologous end-joining function correlated with increased sensitivity to doxorubicin, while cells with high intrinsic oxidative stress showed sensitivity to gemcitabine. In this era of personalised medicine, molecular/functional characterisation of DDR pathways could guide chemotherapy choices in the clinic allowing specific targeting of ovarian cancers.
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