1
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Sogari A, Rovera E, Grasso G, Mariella E, Reilly NM, Lamba S, Mauri G, Durinikova E, Vitiello PP, Lorenzato A, Avolio M, Piumatti E, Bonoldi E, Aquilano MC, Arena S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S, Trusolino L, Donalisio M, Russo M, Di Nicolantonio F, Lembo D, Bardelli A. Tolerance to colibactin correlates with homologous recombination proficiency and resistance to irinotecan in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101376. [PMID: 38228147 PMCID: PMC10897517 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, but systematic assessment of its impact on DNA repair is lacking, and its effect on response to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics is unknown. We find that CRC cell lines display differential response to colibactin on the basis of homologous recombination (HR) proficiency. Sensitivity to colibactin is induced by inhibition of ATM, which regulates DNA double-strand break repair, and blunted by HR reconstitution. Conversely, CRC cells chronically infected with colibactin develop a tolerant phenotype characterized by restored HR activity. Notably, sensitivity to colibactin correlates with response to irinotecan active metabolite SN38, in both cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Moreover, CRC cells that acquire colibactin tolerance develop cross-resistance to SN38, and a trend toward poorer response to irinotecan is observed in a retrospective cohort of CRCs harboring colibactin genomic island. Our results shed insight into colibactin activity and provide translational evidence on its chemoresistance-promoting role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sogari
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rovera
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaia Grasso
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mariella
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Lamba
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mauri
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Avolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piumatti
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Department of Pathology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Division of Clinical Research and Innovation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mariangela Russo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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Francese R, Peila C, Donalisio M, Lamberti C, Cirrincione S, Colombi N, Tonetto P, Cavallarin L, Bertino E, Moro GE, Coscia A, Lembo D. Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection? Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1389-1415. [PMID: 37604306 PMCID: PMC10721544 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is considered the best source of nutrition for infant growth and health. This nourishment is unique and changes constantly during lactation to adapt to the physiological needs of the developing infant. It is also recognized as a potential route of transmission of some viral pathogens although the presence of a virus in HM rarely leads to a disease in an infant. This intriguing paradox can be explained by considering the intrinsic antiviral properties of HM. In this comprehensive and schematically presented review, we have described what viruses have been detected in HM so far and what their potential transmission risk through breastfeeding is. We have provided a description of all the antiviral compounds of HM, along with an analysis of their demonstrated and hypothesized mechanisms of action. Finally, we have also analyzed the impact of HM pasteurization and storage methods on the detection and transmission of viruses, and on the antiviral compounds of HM. We have highlighted that there is currently a deep knowledge on the potential transmission of viral pathogens through breastfeeding and on the antiviral properties of HM. The current evidence suggests that, in most cases, it is unnecessarily to deprive an infant of this high-quality nourishment and that the continuation of breastfeeding is in the best interest of the infant and the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Biblioteca Federata di Medicina "Ferdinando Rossi", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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Argenziano M, Arduino I, Rittà M, Molinar C, Feyles E, Lembo D, Cavalli R, Donalisio M. Enhanced Anti-Herpetic Activity of Valacyclovir Loaded in Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin-decorated Chitosan Nanodroplets. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2460. [PMID: 37894118 PMCID: PMC10609596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valacyclovir (VACV) was developed as a prodrug of the most common anti-herpetic drug Acyclovir (ACV), aiming to enhance its bioavailability. Nevertheless, prolonged VACV oral treatment may lead to the development of important side effects. Nanotechnology-based formulations for vaginal administration represent a promising approach to increase the concentration of the drug at the site of infection, limiting systemic drug exposure and reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, VACV-loaded nanodroplet (ND) formulations, optimized for vaginal delivery, were designed. Cell-based assays were then carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of VACV loaded in the ND system. The chitosan-shelled ND exhibited an average diameter of about 400 nm and a VACV encapsulation efficiency of approximately 91% and was characterized by a prolonged and sustained release of VACV. Moreover, a modification of chitosan shell with an anionic cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), as a physical cross-linker, increased the stability and mucoadhesion capability of the nanosystem. Biological experiments showed that SBEβCD-chitosan NDs enhanced VACV antiviral activity against the herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, most likely due to the long-term controlled release of VACV loaded in the ND and an improved delivery of the drug in sub-cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Irene Arduino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Chiara Molinar
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Feyles
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
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Arduino I, Calvo J, Rittà M, Cabeza S, Llobera M, Lembo D, Gayà A, Donalisio M. Impact of time-temperature combinations on the anti-Cytomegalovirus activity and biological components of human milk. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:956-964. [PMID: 37059899 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence that Holder pasteurization (HoP) (30 min at 62.5 °C) has harmful effects on the bioactivities of human milk (HM). We previously demonstrated that lowering HoP temperature is sufficient to inactivate Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we analyzed the effect of lowering time/temperature on the antiviral activity against HCMV and IgA levels of HM. METHODS Eighty HM samples from five mothers were pasteurized in a range of temperature (62.5-56 °C) and time (40-10 min) in a conventional setting of Human Milk Bank. Unpasteurized HM from each mother was used as control. The samples were assayed against HCMV-AD169 strain in cell cultures and IgA levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS All HM samples exhibited anti-HCMV activity, to a different extent. An improvement of antiviral activity was observed in samples treated at 60, 58 and 56 °C compared to those at 62.5 °C, with ID50 values near those of unpasteurized milk. Similarly, better retention in IgA levels was observed by reducing the temperature of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a 2.5 °C reduction of heat treatment significantly preserved the IgA content and fully restored the anti-HCMV activity of HM, supporting this variant of HoP as a valid alternative to preserve HM bioactivities. IMPACT This work questions the standard HoP and opens the debate on whether the pasteurization temperature commonly used in Human Milk Banks should be lowered to better preserve the biological components of the milk. A reduction of HoP temperature at 60 °C determined a significant preservation of anti-HCMV activity and IgA content of donor HM, compared to standard HoP. This alternative HoP is highly feasible compared to other substitute pasteurization techniques, since it would employ the same pasteurizer equipment found in most Human Milk Banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arduino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sergio Cabeza
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Llobera
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Antoni Gayà
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
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Ma T, Ma X, Lin Z, Zhang J, Yang P, Csupász T, Tóth I, Misirlic-Dencic S, Isakovic AM, Lembo D, Donalisio M, Kortz U. Gallium(III)- and Thallium(III)-Encapsulated Polyoxopalladates: Synthesis, Structure, Multinuclear NMR, and Biological Activity Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13195-13204. [PMID: 37555777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Three gallium(III)- and thallium(III)-containing polyoxopalladates (POPs) have been synthesized and structurally characterized in the solid state and in solution, namely, the phosphate-capped 12-palladate nanocubes [XPd12O8(PO4)8]13- (X = GaIII, GaPd12P8; X = TlIII, TlPd12P8) and the 23-palladate double-cube [Tl2IIIPd23P14O70(OH)2]20- (Tl2Pd23P14). The cuboid POPs, GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8, are solution stable as verified by the respective 31P, 71Ga, and 205Tl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Of prime interest, the spin-spin coupling schemes allowed for an intimate study of the solution behavior of the TlIII-containing POPs via a combination of 31P and 205Tl NMR, including the stoichiometry of the major fragments of Tl2Pd23P14. Moreover, biological studies demonstrated the antitumor and antiviral activity of GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8, which were validated to be as efficient as cis-platinum against human melanoma and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Furthermore, GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8 exerted inhibitory activity against two herpetic viruses, HSV-2 and HCMV, in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tibor Csupász
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sonja Misirlic-Dencic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelka M Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Sogari A, Rovera E, Reilly NM, Lamba S, Russo M, Lorenzato A, Durinikova E, Trusolino L, Arena S, Donalisio M, Nicolantonio FD, Lembo D, Bardelli A. Abstract 5900: Tolerance to colibactin correlates with response to chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The bacterial genotoxin colibactin is enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes the accumulation of mutations that drive tumorigenesis. However, systematic assessment of its impact on DNA damage response is lacking and the effect of colibactin exposure on response to other genotoxic agents (such as chemotherapy) is missing.
Materials and Methods: We implemented an in vitro bacteria-coculture system to assess the effect of colibactin on a representative subset of 40 molecularly and pharmacologically annotated CRC cell lines and in a panel of isogenic DDR KO cell lines we generated. We further validated our results in patient-derived organoids. Finally, we recapitulated prolonged exposure to colibactin occurring during tumorigenesis by chronically infecting sensitive cells until the emergence of a tolerant phenotype.}
Results: We found that different cell lines display specific sensitivity to colibactin’s genotoxic stress: while colibactin-tolerant cells are capable to quickly and efficiently repair colibactin-induced DNA damage, sensitive cells lack this ability. Moreover, we found that homologous recombination (HR) proficiency discriminates colibactin-tolerant cells, which display higher levels of RAD51 foci (as marker of activation of HR) compared to sensitive cells upon infection with colibactin. Screening of isogenic DDR KO cell lines revealed that genetic inactivation of the intertwined pathways of HR (through KO of ATM) and replication stress (RS) response (through KO of ATRIP) significantly sensitized cells to colibactin. In addition, we found that restoration of HR activity was sufficient to induce a colibactin-tolerant phenotype in initially sensitive cell lines. Notably, thanks to a previous effort of pharmacological characterization of CRC cell lines in our lab, we found a significant correlation between sensitivity to colibactin and irinotecan active metabolite SN38, but not oxaliplatin. We validated the same correlation in patient-derived organoids annotated for response to SN38. While colibactin, SN38 and oxaliplatin all induced RS in treated cells, we found that colibactin and SN38 showed a similar DNA damage response which involved activation of ATM. Finally, chronic re-infection of sensitive, HR-deficient CRC cells with colibactin selected a tolerant phenotype characterized by restoration of HR activity. Of translational relevance, colibactin-tolerant derivative cells acquired cross-resistance to SN38 and PARP inhibitor olaparib but not to oxaliplatin.
Conclusion: Our results shed novel insight into colibactin’s genotoxic mechanism and support a model in which colibactin both promotes tumorigenesis and acts as an evolutionary bottleneck which selects HR proficient CRC cells. Furthermore, our study provides preclinical evidence on colibactin’s role in promoting chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.
Citation Format: Alberto Sogari, Emanuele Rovera, Nicole Megan Reilly, Simona Lamba, Mariangela Russo, Annalisa Lorenzato, Erika Durinikova, Livio Trusolino, Sabrina Arena, Manuela Donalisio, Federica Di Nicolantonio, David Lembo, Alberto Bardelli. Tolerance to colibactin correlates with response to chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sogari
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rovera
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Nicole Megan Reilly
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Lamba
- 2Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Russo
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Livio Trusolino
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- 1University of Torino - Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- 4University of Torino; IFOM - Istituto Fondazione di Oncologia Molecolare, ETS, Candiolo, Italy
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Chen R, Francese R, Wang N, Li F, Sun X, Xu B, Liu J, Liu Z, Donalisio M, Lembo D, Zhou GC. Exploration of novel hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-e]imidazol-1-one derivatives as antiviral agents against ZIKV and USUV. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115081. [PMID: 36623328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are two emerging flaviviruses mostly transmitted by mosquitos. ZIKV is associated with microcephaly in newborns and the less-known USUV, with its reported neurotropism and its extensive spread in Europe, represents a growing concern for human health. There is still no approved vaccine or specific antiviral against ZIKV and USUV infections. The main goal of this study is to investigate the anti-ZIKV and anti-USUV activity of a new library of compounds and to preliminarily investigate the mechanism of action of the selected hit compounds in vitro. Two potent anti-ZIKV and anti-USUV agents, namely ZDL-115 and ZDL-116, were discovered, both presenting low cytotoxicity, cell-line independent antiviral activity in the low micromolar range and ability of reducing viral progeny production. The analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that introduction of 2-deoxyribose to 3-arene was fundamental to enhance the solubility and improve the antiviral action. Additionally, we demonstrated that ZDL-115 and ZDL-116 are significantly active against both viruses when added on cells for at least 24 h prior to viral inoculation or immediately post-infection. The docking analysis showed that ZDL-116 could target the host vitamin D receptor (VDR) and viral proteins. Future experiments will be focused on compound modification to discover analogues that are more potent and on the clarification of the mechanism of action and the specific drug target. The discovery and the development of a novel anti-flavivirus drug will have a significant impact in a context where there are no fully effective antiviral drugs or vaccines for most flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China; Xitaihu Lake Industrial College, Nanjing Tech University, Changzhou, 213149, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Na Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China; Xitaihu Lake Industrial College, Nanjing Tech University, Changzhou, 213149, Jiangsu, China.
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Francese R, Donalisio M, Rittà M, Capitani F, Mantovani V, Maccari F, Tonetto P, Moro GE, Bertino E, Volpi N, Lembo D. Human milk glycosaminoglycans inhibit cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infectivity by impairing cell binding. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y. [PMID: 35513714 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral role of glycosaminoglycans in human milk (HM-GAGs) has been poorly investigated. They are highly sulfated polysaccharides, which were proposed to act as decoy receptors according to their structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antiviral potential and the mechanism of action of total and individual HM-GAGs against three pediatric clinically relevant viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and rotavirus. METHODS HM-GAGs were isolated from HM and a library of individual GAGs, structurally related to HM-GAGs, was prepared. The antiviral activity of HM-GAGs and the impact of thermal treatment were investigated in vitro by specific antiviral assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they act by altering virus attachment to cell. We clarified the contribution of individual HM-GAGs, showing a specific structure-related activity. We did not observe any alteration of HM-GAG antiviral activity after thermal treatment. CONCLUSIONS We showed that HM-GAGs contribute to the overall antiviral activity of HM, likely exerting a synergic action with other HM antiviral agents. HM-GAGs can now be added to the list of endogenous factors that may reduce breast-milk-acquired HCMV symptomatic infections and protecting infants from respiratory tract infections by RSV. IMPACT HM-GAGs have been poorly investigated for their antiviral action so far. We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with significant anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they are able to alter virus binding to the cell. The contribution of individual HM-GAGs is mainly exerted by the FMHep and is not based on a simple charge interaction between the virus and sulfate groups but involves a specific GAG structural configuration. Our results contribute to identifying the multiple factors synergically acting in mediating HM antiviral properties and to clarifying their specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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9
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Sureram S, Arduino I, Ueoka R, Rittà M, Francese R, Srivibool R, Darshana D, Piel J, Ruchirawat S, Muratori L, Lembo D, Kittakoop P, Donalisio M. The Peptide A-3302-B Isolated from a Marine Bacterium Micromonospora sp. Inhibits HSV-2 Infection by Preventing the Viral Egress from Host Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:947. [PMID: 35055133 PMCID: PMC8778767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are highly prevalent in the human population, and frequent reactivations occur throughout life. Despite antiviral drugs against herpetic infections, the increasing appearance of drug-resistant viral strains and their adverse effects prompt the research of novel antiherpetic drugs for treating lesions. Peptides obtained from natural sources have recently become of particular interest for antiviral therapy applications. In this work, we investigated the antiviral activity of the peptide A-3302-B, isolated from a marine bacterium, Micromonospora sp., strain MAG 9-7, against herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and human cytomegalovirus. Results showed that the peptide exerted a specific inhibitory activity against HSV-2 with an EC50 value of 14 μM. Specific antiviral assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of A-3302-B. We demonstrated that the peptide did not affect the expression of viral proteins, but it inhibited the late events of the HSV-2 replicative cycle. In detail, it reduced the cell-to-cell virus spread and the transmission of the extracellular free virus by preventing the egress of HSV-2 progeny from the infected cells. The dual antiviral and previously reported anti-inflammatory activities of A-3302-B, and its effect against an acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strain are attractive features for developing a therapeutic to reduce the transmission of HSV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Sureram
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Irene Arduino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (I.A.); (M.R.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.U.); (J.P.)
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (I.A.); (M.R.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (I.A.); (M.R.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Dhanushka Darshana
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.U.); (J.P.)
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Institute of the “Cavalieri Ottolenghi” Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (I.A.); (M.R.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (I.A.); (M.R.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
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10
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Milani M, Donalisio M, Bonotto RM, Schneider E, Arduino I, Boni F, Lembo D, Marcello A, Mastrangelo E. Combined in silico and in vitro approaches identified the antipsychotic drug lurasidone and the antiviral drug elbasvir as SARS-CoV2 and HCoV-OC43 inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2021; 189:105055. [PMID: 33713730 PMCID: PMC7944860 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current emergency of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 urged the need for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs as the first line of treatment. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that already challenged humanity in at least two other previous outbreaks and are likely to be a constant threat for the future. In this work we developed a pipeline based on in silico docking of known drugs on SARS-CoV1/2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase combined with in vitro antiviral assays on both SARS-CoV2 and the common cold human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Results showed that certain drugs displayed activity for both viruses at a similar inhibitory concentration, while others were specific. In particular, the antipsychotic drug lurasidone and the antiviral drug elbasvir showed promising activity in the low micromolar range against both viruses with good selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milani
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, I-10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Rafaela Milan Bonotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- High Throughput Screening Facility of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Irene Arduino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, I-10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Boni
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, I-10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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11
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Civra A, Francese R, Donalisio M, Tonetto P, Coscia A, Sottemano S, Balestrini R, Faccio A, Cavallarin L, Moro GE, Bertino E, Lembo D. Human Colostrum and Derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent Infection by Human Rotavirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vitro. J Hum Lact 2021; 37:122-134. [PMID: 33534629 DOI: 10.1177/0890334420988239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infections; however, the antiviral properties of human milk against enteric and respiratory viruses are largely unexplored. RESEARCH AIMS To explore the antiviral activity of human preterm colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and to assess whether the derived extracellular vesicle contribute to this activity. METHODS We used a cross-sectional, prospective two-group non-experimental design. Colostra were collected from mothers of preterm newborns (N = 10) and extracellular vesicles were purified and characterized. The antiviral activity of colostra and derived extracellular vesicles were tested in vitro against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and the step of viral replication inhibited by extracellular vesicles was investigated. RESULTS Each sample of colostrum and colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles had significant antiviral activity with a wide interpersonal variability. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that extracellular vesicles acted by interfering with the early steps of the viral replicative cycle. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the intrinsic antiviral activity of human colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and we showed that extracellular vesicles substantially contribute to the overall protective effect. Our results contribute to unravelling novel mechanisms underlying the functional role of human milk as a protective and therapeutic agent in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Civra
- 93149314 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- 93149314 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- 93149314 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Turin Unit, Italy
| | - Antonella Faccio
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Turin Unit, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- 9327 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- 93149314 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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12
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Gayà A, Rittà M, Lembo D, Tonetto P, Cresi F, Sottemano S, Bertino E, Moro GE, Calvo J, Donalisio M. Analysis of Thermal Sensitivity of Human Cytomegalovirus Assayed in the Conventional Conditions of a Human Milk Bank. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:640638. [PMID: 34386465 PMCID: PMC8353116 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.640638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main concerns in human milk banks (HMB) is the transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) that could be present in the milk of infected women. There are consistent data showing that this virus is destroyed by Holder pasteurization (62.5°C for 30 min), but there is a lack of information about the response of the virus to the treatment at lower temperatures in strict HMB conditions. In order to analyze the effectiveness of different temperatures of pasteurization to eliminate HCMV in human milk, a preliminary assay was performed incubating HCMV-spiked raw milk samples from donor mothers at tested temperatures in a PCR thermocycler and the viral infectivity was assayed on cell cultures. No signs of viral replication were observed after treatments at temperatures equal or >53°C for 30, 20, and 10 min, 58°C for 5 min, 59°C for 2 min, and 60°C for 1 min. These data were confirmed in a pasteurizer-like model introducing HCMV-spiked milk in disposable baby bottles. No viral infectivity was detected on cell cultures after heating treatment of milk for 30 min at temperatures from 56 to 60°C. Thus, our results show that by using conventional pasteurization conditions, temperatures in the range of 56-60°C are enough to inactivate HCMV. Consequently, we consider that, in order to provide a higher quality product, the current recommendation to pasteurize both mother's own milk and donated milk at 62.5°C must be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Gayà
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cresi
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Care Unit of the University, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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Acquadro S, Civra A, Cagliero C, Marengo A, Rittà M, Francese R, Sanna C, Bertea C, Sgorbini B, Lembo D, Donalisio M, Rubiolo P. Punica granatum Leaf Ethanolic Extract and Ellagic Acid as Inhibitors of Zika Virus Infection. Planta Med 2020; 86:1363-1374. [PMID: 32937663 DOI: 10.1055/a-1232-5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus is responsible for severe neurological effects, such as paralytic Guillain-Barrè syndrome, in adults, and also congenital malformations, especially microcephaly. No specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are currently available, and treatments are palliative, but medicinal plants show great potential as natural sources of anti-Zika phytochemicals. This study deals with the investigation of the composition, cytotoxicity, and anti-Zika activity of Punica granatum leaf ethanolic extract, fractions, and phytoconstituents. P. granatum leaves were collected from different areas in Italy and Greece in different seasons. Crude extracts were analyzed and fractionated, and the pure compounds were isolated. The phytochemical and biomolecular fingerprint of the pomegranate leaves was determined. The antiviral activities of the leaf extract, fractions, and compounds were investigated against the MR766 and HPF2013 Zika virus strains in vitro. Both the extract and its fractions were found to be active against Zika virus infection. Of the compounds isolated, ellagic acid showed particular anti-Zika activities, with EC50 values of 30.86 µM for MR766 and 46.23 µM for HPF2013. The mechanism of action was investigated using specific antiviral assays, and it was demonstrated that ellagic acid was primarily active as it prevented Zika virus infection and was able to significantly reduce Zika virus progeny production. Our data demonstrate the anti-Zika activity of pomegranate leaf extract and ellagic acid for the first time. These findings identify ellagic acid as a possible anti-Zika candidate compound that can be used for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Acquadro
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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14
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Francese R, Civra A, Donalisio M, Volpi N, Capitani F, Sottemano S, Tonetto P, Coscia A, Maiocco G, Moro GE, Bertino E, Lembo D. Anti-Zika virus and anti-Usutu virus activity of human milk and its components. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008713. [PMID: 33027261 PMCID: PMC7571670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of human milk are mediated by multiple nutritional, trophic, and immunological components, able to promote infant's growth, maturation of its immature gut, and to confer protection against infections. Despite these widely recognized properties, breast-feeding represents an important mother-to-child transmission route of some viral infections. Different studies show that some flaviviruses can occasionally be detected in breast milk, but their transmission to the newborn is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral activity of human milk (HM) in its different stages of maturation against two emerging flaviviruses, namely Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV) and to verify whether HM-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute to the milk protective effect. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected from 39 healthy donors. The aqueous fractions were tested in vitro with specific antiviral assays and EVs and GAGs were derived and characterized. HM showed antiviral activity against ZIKV and USUV at all the stages of lactation with no significant differences in the activity of colostrum, transitional or mature milk. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that colostrum does not inactivate viral particles, but it hampers the binding of both flaviviruses to cells. We also demonstrated that HM-EVs and HM-GAGs contribute, at least in part, to the anti-ZIKV and anti-USUV action of HM. This study discloses the intrinsic antiviral activity of HM against ZIKV and USUV and demonstrates the contribution of two bioactive components in mediating its protective effect. Since the potential infectivity of HM during ZIKV and USUV infection is still unclear, these data support the World Health Organization recommendations about breast-feeding during ZIKV infection and could contribute to producing new guidelines for a possible USUV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maiocco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E. Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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15
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Donalisio M, Argenziano M, Rittà M, Bastiancich C, Civra A, Lembo D, Cavalli R. Acyclovir-loaded sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin decorated chitosan nanodroplets for the local treatment of HSV-2 infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Donalisio M, Cirrincione S, Rittà M, Lamberti C, Civra A, Francese R, Tonetto P, Sottemano S, Manfredi M, Lorenzato A, Moro GE, Giribaldi M, Cavallarin L, Giuffrida MG, Bertino E, Coscia A, Lembo D. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Preterm Colostrum Inhibit Infection by Human Cytomegalovirus In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071087. [PMID: 32708203 PMCID: PMC7409124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex biofluid that nourishes infants, supports their growth and protects them from diseases. However, at the same time, breastfeeding is a transmission route for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), with preterm infants being at a great risk of congenital disease. The discrepancy between high HCMV transmission rates and the few reported cases of infants with severe clinical illness is likely due to the protective effect of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-HCMV activity of human preterm colostrum and clarify the role of colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Preterm colostrum samples were collected and the EVs were purified and characterized. The in vitro anti-HCMV activity of both colostrum and EVs was tested against HCMV, and the viral replication step inhibited by colostrum-purified EVs was examined. We investigated the putative role EV surface proteins play in impairing HCMV infection using shaving experiments and proteomic analysis. The obtained results confirmed the antiviral action of colostrum against HCMV and demonstrated a remarkable antiviral activity of colostrum-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVs impair the attachment of HCMV to cells, with EV surface proteins playing a role in mediating this action. These findings contribute to clarifying the mechanisms that underlie the protective role of human colostrum against HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (A.C.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-011-6705427 (M.D.); +39-011-3134437 (A.C.)
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (S.C.); (C.L.); (L.C.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (A.C.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (S.C.); (C.L.); (L.C.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (A.C.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (A.C.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.T.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.T.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Guido E. Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-food Processing (CREA), 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (S.C.); (C.L.); (L.C.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Giuffrida
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (S.C.); (C.L.); (L.C.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.T.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.T.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-011-6705427 (M.D.); +39-011-3134437 (A.C.)
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (A.C.); (R.F.); (D.L.)
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Rittà M, Marengo A, Civra A, Lembo D, Cagliero C, Kant K, Lal UR, Rubiolo P, Ghosh M, Donalisio M. Antiviral Activity of a Arisaema Tortuosum Leaf Extract and Some of its Constituents against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Planta Med 2020; 86:267-275. [PMID: 31968380 DOI: 10.1055/a-1087-8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by HSV-2 are a public health concern worldwide, and there is still a great demand for the discovery of novel anti-herpes virus agents effective against strains resistant to current antiviral agents. In this context, medicinal plants represent an alternative source of active compounds for developing efficient antiviral therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arisaema tortuosum, a plant used in the traditional medicine of India. A chloroform soluble fraction of the leaves exhibited anti-HSV-2 activity with a selectivity index of 758. The extract was also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 and HSV-1. The mechanism of action of the extract was investigated evidencing inhibition of both early and late events of the HSV-2 replicative cycle. A HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of flavonoids including apigenin and luteolin in the chloroform extract (CE). Apigenin and luteolin showed a high inhibitory activity with EC50 values of 0.05 and 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Both compounds exhibited antiviral activity when added up to 6 h post infection and were able to reduce the viral progeny production. In addition, apigenin interfered with cell-to-cell virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Kamal Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Ma T, Yang P, Dammann I, Lin Z, Mougharbel AS, Li MX, Adǎscǎliţei F, Mitea R, Silvestru C, Thorstenson C, Ullrich MS, Cseh K, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Donalisio M, Cavalli R, Lembo D, Kortz U. Tetra-(p-tolyl)antimony(III)-Containing Heteropolytungstates, [{(p-tolyl)SbIII}4(A-α-XW9O34)2]n− (X = P, As, or Ge): Synthesis, Structure, and Study of Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2978-2987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Inga Dammann
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ali S. Mougharbel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Florin Adǎscǎliţei
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Mitea
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Candice Thorstenson
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias S. Ullrich
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Civra A, Altomare A, Francese R, Donalisio M, Aldini G, Lembo D. Colostrum from cows immunized with a veterinary vaccine against bovine rotavirus displays enhanced in vitro anti-human rotavirus activity. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4857-4869. [PMID: 30981494 PMCID: PMC7127701 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human rotaviruses represent a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants and young children. The limited impact of oral vaccines on global estimates of rotavirus mortality and the suboptimal use of oral rehydration justify the need for alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, especially for immunocompromised hosts. The protective effects of colostrum-the first milk produced during the initial 24 to 48 h after parturition-are well documented in the literature. In particular, the ingestion of hyperimmune bovine colostrum has been proposed as an alternative preventive approach against human rotavirus gastroenteritis. Although the immunization of pregnant cows with human rotavirus boosts the release of specific immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum, it raises regulatory and safety issues. In this study, we demonstrated that the conventional bovine rotavirus vaccine is sufficient to enhance the anti-human rotavirus protective efficacy of bovine colostrum, thus providing a conservative approach to produce hyperimmune bovine colostrum, making it exploitable as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
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Alboofetileh M, Rezaei M, Tabarsa M, Rittà M, Donalisio M, Mariatti F, You S, Lembo D, Cravotto G. Effect of different non-conventional extraction methods on the antibacterial and antiviral activity of fucoidans extracted from Nizamuddinia zanardinii. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:131-137. [PMID: 30471396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, fucoidans from brown alga Nizamuddinia zanardinii were isolated with conventional and non-conventional extraction procedures to evaluate the effects of recently introduced technologies on biochemical characteristics and saccharide composition of the extracts, along with their antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic properties. The results demonstrated that subcritical water extraction showed the highest fucoidans yield (13.15%), while the lowest yield was obtained using ultrasound extraction method (3.6%). The polysaccharide chains consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, whose molar percentages differed according to the extraction method used. The weight mean average molecular weight of fucoidans varied between 444 and 1184 kDa. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of sulfate esters by bending vibration of COS and stretching vibration of SO peaks at 818 and 1250 cm-1, respectively. Antibacterial assays showed that microwave- and subcritical water-extracted fucoidans inhibited the growth of E.coli and that enzyme-ultrasound, ultrasound-microwave and subcritical water extracted fucoidans exhibited inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa at 2 mg/mL. Antiviral studies revealed that all the extracted fucoidans exerted strong antiviral activity against HSV-2 infection, with EC50 values in the 0.027-0.123 μg/mL range; indeed the viscozyme-extracted macromolecules displayed the best selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alboofetileh
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Mariatti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Francese R, Civra A, Rittà M, Donalisio M, Argenziano M, Cavalli R, Mougharbel AS, Kortz U, Lembo D. Anti-zika virus activity of polyoxometalates. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:29-33. [PMID: 30653996 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging infectious viral pathogen associated with severe fetal cerebral anomalies and the paralytic Guillain-Barrè syndrome in adults. It was the cause of a recent global health crisis following its entrance into a naïve population in the Americas. Nowadays, no vaccine or specific antiviral against ZIKV is available. In this study, we identified three polyoxometalates (POMs), the Anderson-Evans type [TeW6O24]6- (TeW6), and the Keggin-type [TiW11CoO40]8-_ (TiW11Co), and [Ti2PW10O40]7- (Ti2PW10), that inhibit ZIKV infection with EC50s in the low micromolar range. Ti2PW10, the POM with the greatest selectivity index (SI), was selected and the step of ZIKV replicative cycle putatively inhibited was investigated by specific antiviral assays. We demonstrated that Ti2PW10 targets the entry process of ZIKV infection and it is able to significantly reduce ZIKV progeny production. These results suggest that the polyanion Ti2PW10 could be a good starting point to develop an effective therapeutic to treat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Innovative Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Technology and Nanotechnology Group, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Innovative Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Technology and Nanotechnology Group, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Ali S Mougharbel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano Turin, Italy.
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Toujani MM, Rittà M, Civra A, Genovese S, Epifano F, Ghram A, Lembo D, Donalisio M. Inhibition of HSV-2 infection by pure compounds fromThymus capitatusextractin vitro. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1555-1563. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mekni Toujani
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis; University of Tunis El Manar; PB 74, 1002 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Orbassano 10043 Torino Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Orbassano 10043 Torino Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis; University of Tunis El Manar; PB 74, 1002 Tunis Tunisia
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Orbassano 10043 Torino Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Orbassano 10043 Torino Italy
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Donalisio M, Cagno V, Civra A, Gibellini D, Musumeci G, Rittà M, Ghosh M, Lembo D. The traditional use of Vachellia nilotica for sexually transmitted diseases is substantiated by the antiviral activity of its bark extract against sexually transmitted viruses. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 213:403-408. [PMID: 29203273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vachellia (Acacia) nilotica and other plants of this genus have been used in traditional medicine of Asian and African countries to treat many disorders, including sexually transmitted diseases, but few studies were performed to validate their anti-microbial and anti-viral activity against sexually transmitted infections. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to explore whether the ethnomedical use of V.nilotica to treat genital lesions is substantiated by its antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the human papillomavirus (HPV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of V.nilotica was tested in vitro by virus-specific inhibition assays using HSV-2 strains, sensible or resistant to acyclovir, HIV-1IIIb strain and HPV-16 pseudovirion (PsV). The potential mode of action of extract against HSV-2 and HPV-16 was further investigated by virus inactivation and time-of-addition assays on cell cultures. RESULTS V.nilotica chloroform, methanolic and water bark extracts exerted antiviral activity against HSV-2 and HPV-16 PsV infections; among these, methanolic extract showed the best EC50s with values of 4.71 and 1.80µg/ml against HSV-2 and HPV-16, respectively, and it was also active against an acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strain with an EC50 of 6.71µg/ml. By contrast, no suppression of HIV infection was observed. Investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that the methanolic extract directly inactivated the infectivity of the HPV-16 particles, whereas a partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment (EC50 of 2.74µg/ml) were both found to contribute to the anti-HSV-2 activity. CONCLUSIONS These results support the traditional use of V.nilotica applied externally for the treatment of genital lesions. Further work remains to be done in order to identify the bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Musumeci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Cagno V, Andreozzi P, D'Alicarnasso M, Jacob Silva P, Mueller M, Galloux M, Le Goffic R, Jones ST, Vallino M, Hodek J, Weber J, Sen S, Janeček ER, Bekdemir A, Sanavio B, Martinelli C, Donalisio M, Rameix Welti MA, Eleouet JF, Han Y, Kaiser L, Vukovic L, Tapparel C, Král P, Krol S, Lembo D, Stellacci F. Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism. Nat Mater 2018; 17:195-203. [PMID: 29251725 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections kill millions yearly. Available antiviral drugs are virus-specific and active against a limited panel of human pathogens. There are broad-spectrum substances that prevent the first step of virus-cell interaction by mimicking heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), the highly conserved target of viral attachment ligands (VALs). The reversible binding mechanism prevents their use as a drug, because, upon dilution, the inhibition is lost. Known VALs are made of closely packed repeating units, but the aforementioned substances are able to bind only a few of them. We designed antiviral nanoparticles with long and flexible linkers mimicking HSPG, allowing for effective viral association with a binding that we simulate to be strong and multivalent to the VAL repeating units, generating forces (∼190 pN) that eventually lead to irreversible viral deformation. Virucidal assays, electron microscopy images, and molecular dynamics simulations support the proposed mechanism. These particles show no cytotoxicity, and in vitro nanomolar irreversible activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papilloma virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue and lenti virus. They are active ex vivo in human cervicovaginal histocultures infected by HSV-2 and in vivo in mice infected with RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group San Sebastian-Donostia, 20014 Donastia San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Mueller
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Galloux
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Samuel T Jones
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jones Lab, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marta Vallino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix Welti
- UMR INSERM U1173 I2, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil-UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lela Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Donalisio M, Rittà M, Francese R, Civra A, Tonetto P, Coscia A, Giribaldi M, Cavallarin L, Moro GE, Bertino E, Lembo D. High Temperature-Short Time Pasteurization Has a Lower Impact on the Antiviral Properties of Human Milk Than Holder Pasteurization. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:304. [PMID: 30460212 PMCID: PMC6232822 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Holder pasteurization (62. 5°C for 30 min) is recommended by all international human milk bank guidelines to prevent infections potentially transmitted by donor human milk. A drawback is that it affects some human milk bioactive and nutritive components. Recently, High Temperature-Short Time (HTST) pasteurization has been reported to be a valuable alternative technology to increase the retention of some biological features of human milk. Nevertheless, to date, few data are available about the impact of pasteurization methods other than Holder on the antiviral activity of human milk. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antiviral activity of human milk against a panel of viral pathogens common in newborns and children (i.e., herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, and rhinovirus), and at assessing the effect of Holder and HTST pasteurization on milk's antiviral properties. The results indicate that human milk is endowed with antiviral activity against all viruses tested, although to a different extent. Unlike the Holder pasteurization, HTST preserved the inhibitory activity against cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and herpes simplex virus type 2. By contrast, both methods reduced significantly the antiviral activities against rhinovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1. Unexpectedly, Holder pasteurization improved milk's anti-rotavirus activity. In conclusion, this study contributes to the definition of the pasteurization method that allows the best compromise between microbiological safety and biological quality of the donor human milk: HTST pasteurization preserved milk antiviral activity better than Holder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Bari, Italy.,Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca in Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Civra A, Argenziano M, Cavalli R. Nanomedicine formulations for the delivery of antiviral drugs: a promising solution for the treatment of viral infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:93-114. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1360863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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27
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Cagno V, Sgorbini B, Sanna C, Cagliero C, Ballero M, Civra A, Donalisio M, Bicchi C, Lembo D, Rubiolo P. In vitro anti-herpes simplex virus-2 activity of Salvia desoleana Atzei & V. Picci essential oil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172322. [PMID: 28207861 PMCID: PMC5312961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia desoleana Atzei & V. Picci is an indigenous species in Sardinia island used in folk medicine to treat menstrual, digestive and central nervous system diseases. Nowadays, it is widely cultivated for the pleasant smell of its essential oil (EO), whose antimicrobial and antifungal activities have already been screened. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) activity of S. desoleana EO, fractions and main components: linalyl acetate, alpha terpinyl acetate, and germacrene D. Phytochemical composition of S. desoleana EO was studied by GC-FID/MS analysis and the active fraction(s) and/or compounds in S. desoleana EO were identified with a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure through in vitro assays on cell viability and HSV-2 and RSV inhibition. S. desoleana EO inhibits both acyclovir sensitive and acyclovir resistant HSV-2 strains with EC50 values of 23.72 μg/ml for the former and 28.57 μg/ml for the latter. Moreover, a significant suppression of HSV-2 replication was observed with an EC50 value of 33.01 μg/ml (95% CI: 26.26 to 41.49) when the EO was added post-infection. Among the fractions resulting from flash column chromatography on silica gel, the one containing 54% of germacrene D showed a similar spectrum of activity of S. desoleana EO with a stronger suppression in post-infection stage. These results indicated that S. desoleana EO can be of interest to develop new and alternative anti-HSV-2 products active also against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Ballero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail: (PR); (DL)
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail: (PR); (DL)
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Civra A, Francese R, Sinato D, Donalisio M, Cagno V, Rubiolo P, Ceylan R, Uysal A, Zengin G, Lembo D. In vitro screening for antiviral activity of Turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of Rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:74. [PMID: 28118832 PMCID: PMC5260038 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Human rotavirus (HRoV) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children under the age of five years. No specific antiviral drug is available for HRoV infections and the treatment of viral diarrhea is mainly based on rehydration and zinc treatment. In this study, we explored medicinal plants endemic to Turkey flora as a source of anti-HRoV compunds. Methods We performed an antiviral screening on Ballota macrodonta, Salvia cryptantha and Rindera lanata extracts by focus reduction assay. The extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) was selected; its antiviral activity was further confirmed against other HRoV strains and by virus yield reduction assay. The step of viral replicative cycle putatively inhibited was investigated by in vitro assays. Results The methanolic extract of R. lanata (Boraginaceae) showed the most favourable selectivity index. This extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against three different HRoV strains (EC50 values ranging from 5.8 μg/ml to 25.5 μg/ml), but was inactive or barely active against other RNA viruses, namely human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. The R. lanata extract targets the early steps of HRoV infection, likely by hampering virus penetration into the cells. Conclusion These results make the R. lanata methanolic extract a promising starting material for a bioguided-fractionation aimed at identifying anti-HRoV compounds. Further work is required to isolate the active principle and assess its clinical potential.
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Pelliccia M, Andreozzi P, Paulose J, D'Alicarnasso M, Cagno V, Donalisio M, Civra A, Broeckel RM, Haese N, Jacob Silva P, Carney RP, Marjomäki V, Streblow DN, Lembo D, Stellacci F, Vitelli V, Krol S. Additives for vaccine storage to improve thermal stability of adenoviruses from hours to months. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13520. [PMID: 27901019 PMCID: PMC5141364 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of the cost of vaccination programmes is due to the cold chain problem (that is, keeping vaccines cold). Inexpensive, biocompatible additives to slow down the degradation of virus particles would address the problem. Here we propose and characterize additives that, already at very low concentrations, improve the storage time of adenovirus type 5. Anionic gold nanoparticles (10−8–10−6 M) or polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight ∼8,000 Da, 10−7–10−4 M) increase the half-life of a green fluorescent protein expressing adenovirus from ∼48 h to 21 days at 37 °C (from 7 to >30 days at room temperature). They replicate the known stabilizing effect of sucrose, but at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations. PEG and sucrose maintained immunogenicity in vivo for viruses stored for 10 days at 37 °C. To achieve rational design of viral-vaccine stabilizers, our approach is aided by simplified quantitative models based on a single rate-limiting step. Keeping viral vaccines cold from the manufacturers to patients is problematic and costly. Here, Krol and others show additives that can significantly improve at very low concentrations the storage of adenovirus type 5 at ambient and elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelliccia
- European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), IFOM-IEO-Campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.,Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Jayson Paulose
- Instituut-Lorentz for theoretical physics, Leiden University, 271, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco D'Alicarnasso
- European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), IFOM-IEO-Campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.,Fondazione CEN-European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rebecca M Broeckel
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Nicole Haese
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy P Carney
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskyla, Survontie 9, 40500 Jyväskyla, Finland
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Vitelli
- Instituut-Lorentz for theoretical physics, Leiden University, 271, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Laboratory of Translational Nanotechnology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, viale Orazio, Flacco 65, Bari 70124, Italy
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Ghosh M, Civra A, Rittà M, Cagno V, Mavuduru SG, Awasthi P, Lembo D, Donalisio M. Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3509-3514. [PMID: 27581805 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ficus religiosa extracts have been used in traditional Indian medicine to treat sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and genital ulcers. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral activity of F. religiosa extracts against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the main causative agent of genital ulcers and sores. Water and chloroform bark extracts were the most active against HSV-2, and also against an acyclovir-resistant strain. We demonstrate that the water extract has a direct virus-inactivating activity. By contrast, the chloroform extract inhibits viral attachment and entry and limits the production of viral progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy
| | - Siva Ganesh Mavuduru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Preeti Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy.
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Donalisio M, Quaranta P, Chiuppesi F, Pistello M, Cagno V, Cavalli R, Volante M, Bugatti A, Rusnati M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Lembo D. The AGMA1 poly(amidoamine) inhibits the infectivity of herpes simplex virus in cell lines, in human cervicovaginal histocultures, and in vaginally infected mice. Biomaterials 2016; 85:40-53. [PMID: 26854390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of topical microbicides is a valid approach to protect the genital mucosa from sexually transmitted infections that cannot be contained with effective vaccination, like HSV and HIV infections. A suitable target of microbicides is the interaction between viral proteins and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). AGMA1 is a prevailingly cationic agmatine-containing polyamidoamine polymer previously shown to inhibit HSPGs dependent viruses, including HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPV-16. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of AGMA1 against HSV infection and assess its antiviral efficacy and biocompatibility in preclinical models. The results show AGMA1 to be a non-toxic inhibitor of HSV infectivity in cell cultures and human cervicovaginal histocultures. Moreover, it significantly reduced the burden of infection of HSV-2 genital infection in mice. The investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that AGMA1 reduces cells susceptibility to virus infection by binding to cell surface HSPGs thereby preventing HSV attachment. This study indicates that AGMA1 is a promising candidate for the development of a topical microbicide to prevent sexually transmitted HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; ARPA Foundation, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Cagno V, Civra A, Kumar R, Pradhan S, Donalisio M, Sinha BN, Ghosh M, Lembo D. Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 176:252-7. [PMID: 26528588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus religiosa L. is one of the most relevant members of the family of Moraceae. It is the most sacred tree of South Asia, and it is used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine to cure respiratory disorders like cough, wheezing and asthma. Some studies were performed to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of F. religiosa bark, leaves and fruit extracts but none of them tested their antiviral activity against viruses responsible for the exacerbation of wheezing and asthma. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of F. religiosa L. extracts against respiratory viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of F. religiosa L. was tested in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virus inactivation and time-of-addition assays. RESULTS F. religiosa L. methanol bark extract was the most active against HRV with an EC50 of 5.52 µg/mL. This extract likely inhibited late steps of replicative cycle. Water bark extract was the most active against RSV with an EC50 between 2.23 and 4.37 µg/mL. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the anti-RSV activity. Replication of both viruses was inhibited in viral yield reduction assays. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that F. religiosa L. is endowed with antiviral activity against RSV and HRV in vitro. Further work remains to be done to identify the active components and to assess the therapeutic potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India
| | - Subhankar Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Barij Nayan Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Cagno V, Donalisio M, Civra A, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Lembo D. In vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of Shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 166:129-34. [PMID: 25792012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shilajit, a herbomineral substance exuded from rocks in steep mountainous regions, has been used for thousands of years by the Indian Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of traditional medicine to relieve ailments and enhance quality of life. Although a large number of therapeutic properties have been ascribed to Shilajit, its therapeutic potential is still largely unexplored by modern research and many of its claimed bioactivities lack scientific validation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of Shilajit against a panel of viruses including herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rotavirus (HRV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of Shilajit was assayed in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time-of-addition assays. RESULTS Shilajit exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HSV1, HSV2, HCMV, and RSV infectivity in vitro (EC50 values: 31.08μg/ml, 12.85μg/ml, 34.54μg/ml, and 30.35μg/ml, respectively), but was inactive against HRV and VSV. Humic acid, a constituent of Shilajit, displayed the same spectrum of activity. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the antiviral activity of Shilajit. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that Shilajit is endowed with broad, yet specific, antiviral activity in vitro and constitutes a natural source of antiviral substances. Further work remains to be done to assess its efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy.
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Civra A, Giuffrida MG, Donalisio M, Napolitano L, Takada Y, Coulson BS, Conti A, Lembo D. Identification of Equine Lactadherin-derived Peptides That Inhibit Rotavirus Infection via Integrin Receptor Competition. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12403-14. [PMID: 25814665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.620500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children under the age of 5 years in both developed and developing countries. Human lactadherin, a milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein, inhibits human rotavirus infection in vitro, whereas bovine lactadherin is not active. Moreover, it protects breastfed infants against symptomatic rotavirus infections. To explore the potential antiviral activity of lactadherin sourced by equines, we undertook a proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins from donkey milk and elucidated its amino acid sequence. Alignment of the human, bovine, and donkey lactadherin sequences revealed the presence of an Asp-Gly-Glu (DGE) α2β1 integrin-binding motif in the N-terminal domain of donkey sequence only. Because integrin α2β1 plays a critical role during early steps of rotavirus host cell adhesion, we tested a minilibrary of donkey lactadherin-derived peptides containing DGE sequence for anti-rotavirus activity. A 20-amino acid peptide containing both DGE and RGD motifs (named pDGE-RGD) showed the greatest activity, and its mechanism of antiviral action was characterized; pDGE-RGD binds to integrin α2β1 by means of the DGE motif and inhibits rotavirus attachment to the cell surface. These findings suggest the potential anti-rotavirus activity of equine lactadherin and support the feasibility of developing an anti-rotavirus peptide that acts by hindering virus-receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Civra
- From the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Giuffrida
- the Institute of Sciences of Food Production-National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), c/o Bioindustry Park "SilvanoFumero", 10100 CollerettoGiacosa, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- From the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Napolitano
- the Institute of Sciences of Food Production-National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), c/o Bioindustry Park "SilvanoFumero", 10100 CollerettoGiacosa, Torino, Italy
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- the Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, and
| | - Barbara S Coulson
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amedeo Conti
- the Institute of Sciences of Food Production-National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), c/o Bioindustry Park "SilvanoFumero", 10100 CollerettoGiacosa, Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- From the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy,
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Civra A, Cagno V, Donalisio M, Biasi F, Leonarduzzi G, Poli G, Lembo D. Inhibition of pathogenic non-enveloped viruses by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7487. [PMID: 25501851 PMCID: PMC4265783 DOI: 10.1038/srep07487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported a broad but selective antiviral activity of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) against enveloped viruses, being apparently inactive against non-enveloped viruses. Here we show that 25HC is endowed with a marked antiviral activity against three pathogenic non-enveloped viruses, i.e. human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16), human rotavirus (HRoV), and human rhinovirus (HRhV), thus significantly expanding its broad antiviral spectrum, so far recognized to be limited to viruses with envelope. Moreover, here we disclose the remarkable antiviral activity of another oxysterol of physiological origin, i.e. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), against HPV-16, HRoV and HRhV. We have also identified a much weaker antiviral activity of other oxysterols of pathophysiological relevance, i.e 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol. These findings suggest that appropriate modulation of endogenous production of oxysterols might be a primary host strategy to counteract a broad panel of viral infections. Moreover, 25HC and 27HC could be considered for new therapeutic strategies against HPV-16, HRoV and HRhV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Donalisio M, Massari S, Argenziano M, Manfroni G, Cagno V, Civra A, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V, Loregian A, Cavalli R, Lembo D, Tabarrini O. Ethyl 1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxylates Downregulate Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 Oncogene Expression. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5649-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Laine C, Cagno V, Civra A, Bianchini EP, Zeghbib N, Bouchemal K. Auto-associative heparin nanoassemblies: a biomimetic platform against the heparan sulfate-dependent viruses HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV-16 and RSV. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:275-82. [PMID: 24835150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and green method was developed for the manufacturing of heparin nanoassemblies active against the heparan sulfate-dependent viruses HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV-16 and RSV. These nanoassemblies were obtained by the auto-association of O-palmitoyl-heparin and α-cyclodextrin in water. The synthesized O-palmitoyl-heparin derivatives mixed with α-cyclodextrin resulted in the formation of crystalline hexagonal nanoassemblies as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanoassembly mean hydrodynamic diameters were modulated from 340 to 659 nm depending on the type and the initial concentration of O-palmitoyl-heparin or α-cyclodextrin. The antiviral activity of the nanoassemblies was not affected by the concentration of the components. However, the method of the synthesis of O-palmitoyl-heparin affected the antiviral activity of the formulations. We showed that reduced antiviral activity is correlated with lower sulfation degree and anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Claire Laine
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Valeria Cagno
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Elsa P Bianchini
- Univ Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'hématologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Narimane Zeghbib
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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Russo E, Gaglianone N, Baldassari S, Parodi B, Cafaggi S, Zibana C, Donalisio M, Cagno V, Lembo D, Caviglioli G. Preparation, characterization and in vitro antiviral activity evaluation of foscarnet-chitosan nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:117-25. [PMID: 24742953 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new nanoparticulate system for foscarnet delivery was prepared and evaluated. Nanoparticles were obtained by ionotropic gelation of chitosan induced by foscarnet itself, acting as an ionotropic agent in a manner similar to tripolyphosphate anion. A Doehlert design allowed finding the suitable experimental conditions. Nanoparticles were between 200 and 300nm in diameter (around 450nm after redispersion). Nanoparticle size increased after 5h, but no size increase was observed after 48h when nanoparticles were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Zeta potential values of noncrosslinked and crosslinked nanoparticles were between 20 and 25mV, while drug loading of noncrosslinked nanoparticles was about 40% w/w (55% w/w for crosslinked nanoparticles). Nanoparticle yield was around 25% w/w. Crosslinked nanoparticles showed a controlled drug release. Foscarnet released from nanoparticles maintained the antiviral activity of the free drug when tested in vitro against lung fibroblasts (HELF) cells infected with HCMV strain AD-169. Moreover, nanoparticles showed no toxicity on non-infected HELF cells. These nanoparticles may represent a delivery system that could improve the therapeutic effect of foscarnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - N Gaglianone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - S Baldassari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - B Parodi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - S Cafaggi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - C Zibana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - M Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - V Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - D Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - G Caviglioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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Donalisio M, Cagno V, Vallino M, Moro GE, Arslanoglu S, Tonetto P, Bertino E, Lembo D. Inactivation of high-risk human papillomaviruses by Holder pasteurization: implications for donor human milk banking. J Perinat Med 2014; 42:1-8. [PMID: 24169308 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several studies have recently reported the detection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) in human milk of a minority of lactating mothers. These findings raised safety concerns in the context of human donor milk banking given the potential risk of HPV transmission to recipient infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Holder pasteurization, a procedure currently in use in human donor milk banks for milk pasteurization, completely inactivates high-risk and low-risk HPV. METHODS HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) were generated, spiked into cell culture medium or donor human milk and subjected to thermal inactivation. HPV PsV infectivity and morphological integrity was analyzed by cell-based assay and by electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS The Holder pasteurization completely inactivated the infectivity of high-risk (types 16 and 18) and low-risk (type 6) HPV both in cell culture medium and in human milk causing PsV particle disassembly. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here indicate that the Holder pasteurization is an efficient procedure to inactivate high-risk and low-risk HPV thus preventing the potential risk of their transmission through human donor milk.
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Donalisio M, Nana HM, Ngono Ngane RA, Gatsing D, Tiabou Tchinda A, Rovito R, Cagno V, Cagliero C, Boyom FF, Rubiolo P, Bicchi C, Lembo D. In vitro anti-Herpes simplex virus activity of crude extract of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae). BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:266. [PMID: 24131916 PMCID: PMC3852819 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Nauclea latifolia Smith, a shrub belonging to the family Rubiaceae is a very popular medicinal plant in Cameroon and neighboring countries where it is used to treat jaundice, yellow fever, rheumatism, abdominal pains, hepatitis, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, as well as diabetes. The ethno-medicinal use against yellow fever, jaundice and diarrhea prompted us to investigate on the antiviral activity of the root bark of N. latifolia. In this study, HSV-2 was chosen as a viral model because of its strong impact on HIV transmission and acquisition. Methods The crude extract under study was prepared by maceration of air-dried and powdered roots barks of N. latifolia in CH2Cl2/MeOH (50:50) mixture for 48 hours, then it was subjected to filtration and evaporation under vacuum. A phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-qMS). The anti-HSV-2 activity was assayed in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time of addition assays. Data values were compared using the Extra sum of squares F test of program GraphPad PRISM 4. Results The main components detected in the extract belong to the class of indole alkaloids characteristic of Nauclea genus. Strictosamide, vincosamide and pumiloside were tentatively identified together with quinovic acid glycoside. N. latifolia crude extract inhibited both acyclovir sensitive and acyclovir resistant HSV-2 strains, with IC50 values of 5.38 μg/ml for the former and 7.17 μg/ml for the latter. The extract was found to be most active when added post-infection, with IC50 of 3.63 μg/ml. Conclusion The results of this work partly justify the empirical use of N. latifolia in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral diseases. This extract could be a promising rough material for the development of a new and more effective modern anti-HSV-2 medication also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strains.
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Lembo D, Swaminathan S, Donalisio M, Civra A, Pastero L, Aquilano D, Vavia P, Trotta F, Cavalli R. Encapsulation of Acyclovir in new carboxylated cyclodextrin-based nanosponges improves the agent's antiviral efficacy. Int J Pharm 2012; 443:262-72. [PMID: 23279938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (NS) are solid nanoparticles, obtained from the cross-linking of cyclodextrins that have been proposed as delivery systems for many types of drugs. Various NS derivatives are currently under investigation in order that their properties might be tuned for different applications. In this work, new carboxylated cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (Carb-NS) carrying carboxylic groups within their structure were purposely designed as novel Acyclovir carriers. TEM measurements revealed their spherical shape and size of about 400 nm. The behaviour of Carb-NS, with respect to the incorporation and delivery of Acyclovir, was compared to that of NS, previously investigated as a drug carrier. DSC, XRPD and FTIR analyses were used to investigate the two NS formulations. The results confirm the incorporation of the drug into the NS structure and NS-Acyclovir interactions. The Acyclovir loading into Carb-NS was higher than that obtained using NS, reaching about 70% (w/w). In vitro release studies showed the release kinetics of Acyclovir from Carb-NS to be prolonged in comparison with those observed with NS, with no initial burst effect. The NS uptake into cells was evaluated using fluorescent Carb-NS and revealed the nanoparticle internalisation. Enhanced antiviral activity against a clinical isolate of HSV-1 was obtained using Acyclovir loaded in Carb-NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino Ospedale S. Luigi Gonzaga,10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Cavalli R, Bisazza A, Trotta M, Argenziano M, Civra A, Donalisio M, Lembo D. New chitosan nanobubbles for ultrasound-mediated gene delivery: preparation and in vitro characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3309-18. [PMID: 22802689 PMCID: PMC3396386 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of nonviral gene delivery systems is one of the most intriguing topics in nanomedicine. However, despite the advances made in recent years, several key issues remain unsettled. One of the main problems relates to the difficulty in designing nanodevices for targeted delivery of genes and other drugs to specific anatomic sites. In this study, we describe the development of a novel chitosan nanobubble-based gene delivery system for ultrasound-triggered release. METHODS AND RESULTS Chitosan was selected for the nanobubble shell because of its low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and excellent biocompatibility, while the core consisted of perfluoropentane. DNA-loaded chitosan nanobubbles were formed with a mean diameter of less than 300 nm and a positive surface charge. Transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed composition of the core-shell structure. The ability of the chitosan nanobubbles to complex with and protect DNA was confirmed by agarose gel assay. Chitosan nanobubbles were found to be stable following insonation (2.5 MHz) for up to 3 minutes at 37°C. DNA release was evaluated in vitro in both the presence and absence of ultrasound. The release of chitosan nanobubble-bound plasmid DNA occurred after just one minute of insonation. In vitro transfection experiments were performed by exposing adherent COS7 cells to ultrasound in the presence of different concentrations of plasmid DNA-loaded nanobubbles. In the absence of ultrasound, nanobubbles failed to trigger transfection at all concentrations tested. In contrast, 30 seconds of ultrasound promoted a moderate degree of transfection. Cell viability experiments demonstrated that neither ultrasound nor the nanobubbles affected cell viability under these experimental conditions. CONCLUSION Based on these results, chitosan nanobubbles have the potential to be promising tools for ultrasound-mediated DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Abstract
The activity of antivirals can be enhanced by their incorporation in nanoparticulate delivery systems. Peculiar polymeric nanoparticles, based on a β-cyclodextrin-poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) monoconjugate (β-CD-PACM), are proposed as acyclovir carriers. The experimental procedure necessary to obtain the acyclovir-loaded nanoparticles using the solvent displacement preparation method will be described in this chapter. Fluorescent labeled nanoparticles are prepared using the same method for cellular trafficking studies. The biocompatibility assays necessary to obtain safe nanoparticles are reported. Section 4 of this chapter describes the assessment of the antiviral activity of the acyclovir-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Ester K, Supek F, Majsec K, Marjanović M, Lembo D, Donalisio M, Šmuc T, Jarak I, Karminski-Zamola G, Kralj M. Putative mechanisms of antitumor activity of cyano-substituted heteroaryles in HeLa cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:450-67. [PMID: 21046426 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Six recently synthesized cyano-substituted heteroaryles, which do not bind to DNA but are highly cytotoxic against the human tumor cell line HeLa, were analyzed for their antitumor mechanisms of action (MOA). They did not interfere with the expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes integrated in the HeLa cell genome, but they did induce strong G1 arrest and result in the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. A computational analysis was performed that compared the antiproliferative activities of our compounds in 13 different tumor cell lines with those of compounds listed in the National Cancer Institute database. The results indicate that interference with cytoskeletal function and inhibition of mitosis are the likely antitumor MOA. Furthermore, a second in silico investigation revealed that the tumor cells that are sensitive to the cyano-substituted compounds show differences in their expression of locomotion genes compared with that of insensitive cell lines, thus corroborating the involvement of the cytoskeleton. This MOA was also confirmed experimentally: the cyano-substituted heteroaryles disrupted the actin and the tubulin networks in HeLa cells and inhibited cellular migration. However, further analysis indicated that multiple MOA may exist that depend on the position of the cyano-group; while cyano-substituted naphthiophene reduced the expression of cytoskeletal proteins, cyano-substituted thieno-thiophene-carboxanilide inhibited the formation of cellular reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ester
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Donalisio M, Poli A, Civra A, Landolfo S, Lembo D. Effects of cytokines on long control region transcriptional activity in high-risk cutaneous human papillomavirus types 5 and 8. Arch Virol 2010; 155:583-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cavalli R, Donalisio M, Civra A, Ferruti P, Ranucci E, Trotta F, Lembo D. Enhanced antiviral activity of Acyclovir loaded into β-cyclodextrin-poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) conjugate nanoparticles. J Control Release 2009; 137:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Landolfo S, Lembo D. TGF-β1 and IL-4 downregulate human papillomavirus-16 oncogene expression but have differential effects on the malignant phenotype of cervical carcinoma cells. Virus Res 2008; 132:253-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bencini M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Trotta F, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Lembo D, Cavalli R. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of the antiviral activity of the Acyclovir complex of a β-cyclodextrin/poly(amidoamine) copolymer. J Control Release 2008; 126:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Azzimonti B, Demurtas A, Landolfo S. Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins on p53R2 gene expression after DNA damage. Virus Res 2006; 122:189-93. [PMID: 16872707 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The p53R2 protein is a p53-inducible small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. It plays a crucial role in p53-dependent cellular response to DNA damage and oxidative stress by providing deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) to the DNA repair machinery and by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). To investigate the effects of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins on p53R2 expression after DNA damage, we analyzed the p53R2 protein levels in human cells ectopically expressing the HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes, and in the HPV-positive cancer cell lines SiHa, CaSki and HeLa, exposed to adriamycin or to H(2)O(2). We found that in normal cells, p53R2 expression is efficiently induced by both H(2)O(2) and adriamycin, supporting the role of p53R2 in cellular response to oxidative stress. Ectopic expression of E6 impaired p53 and p53R2 induction after DNA damage in human fibroblasts. Moreover, SiHa, CaSki and HeLa cells were unresponsive to H(2)O(2) exposure, and adriamycin induced p53R2 levels only in SiHa cells. Our results imply that high-risk HPV infection may suppress the p53R2-dependent dNTPs supply to the DNA repair system and the ROS scavenging activity; they also suggest that an altered p53R2 response to genotoxins and to oxidative stress may contribute to HPV-induced genetic instability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, De Andrea M, Cornaglia M, Scutera S, Musso T, Landolfo S. A cell-based high-throughput assay for screening inhibitors of human papillomavirus-16 long control region activity. FASEB J 2005; 20:148-50. [PMID: 16254045 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-3904fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinomas express human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are required to maintain the proliferative state of cancer cells. Repression of E6 and E7 expression results in acquisition of senescent phenotype and in the rescue of functional p53 and p105(Rb) pathways; therefore, therapies directed against either viral protein may be beneficial. However, the systems to study HPV in vitro are technically difficult and not convenient for screening of antiviral compounds. This has hampered the discovery of drugs against HPV. Here we describe the generation and use of a high-throughput screening system based on keratinocytes stably transfected with a reporter construct containing the regulatory sequence of E6 and E7 gene transcription (LCR) that allows easy detection of inhibitors of E6 and E7 expression in libraries of synthetic or biological compounds. The assay was used to screen a wide panel of cytokines: among them, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta were found to induce a strong inhibition of the LCR activity. Our assay provides a validated tool in the search for drugs against HPV-associated cervical carcinomas and allowed the first systematic analysis of the effect of cytokines on the HPV-16 LCR transcriptional activity.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Genes, Viral/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-13/pharmacology
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/virology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy.
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