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Zhu Y, Wei L, Zwygart ACA, Gaínza P, Khac QO, Olgiati F, Kurum A, Tang L, Correia B, Tapparel C, Stellacci F. A Synthetic Multivalent Lipopeptide Derived from Pam3CSK4 with Irreversible Influenza Inhibition and Immuno-Stimulating Effects. Small 2024:e2307709. [PMID: 38438885 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The activation of the host adaptive immune system is crucial for eliminating viruses. However, influenza infection often suppresses the innate immune response that precedes adaptive immunity, and the adaptive immune responses are typically delayed. Dendritic cells, serving as professional antigen-presenting cells, have a vital role in initiating the adaptive immune response. In this study, an immuno-stimulating antiviral system (ISAS) is introduced, which is composed of the immuno-stimulating adjuvant lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 that acts as a scaffold onto which it is covalently bound 3 to 4 influenza-inhibiting peptides. The multivalent display of peptides on the scaffold leads to a potent inhibition against H1N1 (EC50 = 20 nM). Importantly, the resulting lipopeptide, Pam3FDA, shows an irreversible inhibition mechanism. The chemical modification of peptides on the scaffold maintains Pam3CSK4's ability to stimulate dendritic cell maturation, thereby rendering Pam3FDA a unique antiviral. This is attributed to its immune activation capability, which also acts in synergy to expedite viral elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lixia Wei
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Charles-Antoine Zwygart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Gaínza
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Quy Ong Khac
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Olgiati
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Armand Kurum
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Correia
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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2
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Franzi E, Mathez G, Dinant S, Deloizy C, Kaiser L, Tapparel C, Le Goffic R, Cagno V. Non-Steroidal Estrogens Inhibit Influenza Virus by Interacting with Hemagglutinin and Preventing Viral Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15382. [PMID: 37895062 PMCID: PMC10607366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is one of the main causes of respiratory infections worldwide. Despite the availability of seasonal vaccines and antivirals, influenza virus infections cause an important health and economic burden. Therefore, the need to identify alternative antiviral strategies persists. In this study, we identified non-steroidal estrogens as potent inhibitors of influenza virus due to their interaction with the hemagglutinin protein, preventing viral entry. This activity is maintained in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Therefore, we found a new domain to target on the hemagglutinin and a class of compounds that could be further optimized for influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Franzi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Mathez
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soraya Dinant
- INRAE, UVSQ, UMR892 VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Charlotte Deloizy
- INRAE, UVSQ, UMR892 VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Emerging Viruses, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- INRAE, UVSQ, UMR892 VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Zwygart ACA, Medaglia C, Huber R, Poli R, Marcourt L, Schnee S, Michellod E, Mazel-Sanchez B, Constant S, Huang S, Bekliz M, Clément S, Gindro K, Queiroz EF, Tapparel C. Antiviral properties of trans-δ-viniferin derivatives against enveloped viruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114825. [PMID: 37148860 PMCID: PMC10158552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, the number of epidemics caused by RNA viruses has increased and the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has taught us about the compelling need for ready-to-use broad-spectrum antivirals. In this scenario, natural products stand out as a major historical source of drugs. We analyzed the antiviral effect of 4 stilbene dimers [1 (trans-δ-viniferin); 2 (11',13'-di-O-methyl-trans-δ-viniferin), 3 (11,13-di-O-methyl-trans-δ-viniferin); and 4 (11,13,11',13'-tetra-O-methyl-trans-δ-viniferin)] obtained from plant substrates using chemoenzymatic synthesis against a panel of enveloped viruses. We report that compounds 2 and 3 display a broad-spectrum antiviral activity, being able to effectively inhibit several strains of Influenza Viruses (IV), SARS-CoV-2 Delta and, to some extent, Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2). Interestingly, the mechanism of action differs for each virus. We observed both a direct virucidal and a cell-mediated effect against IV, with a high barrier to antiviral resistance; a restricted cell-mediated mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and a direct virustatic activity against HSV-2. Of note, while the effect was lost against IV in tissue culture models of human airway epithelia, the antiviral activity was confirmed in this relevant model for SARS-CoV-2 Delta. Our results suggest that stilbene dimer derivatives are good candidate models for the treatment of enveloped virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Charles-Antoine Zwygart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Robin Huber
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Romain Poli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Schnee
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Michellod
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Beryl Mazel-Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sarl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sarl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Bekliz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Gomes D, Sobolewski C, Conzelmann S, Schaer T, Lefai E, Alfaiate D, Tseligka ED, Goossens N, Tapparel C, Negro F, Foti M, Clément S. ANGPTL4 is a potential driver of HCV-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6767. [PMID: 37185283 PMCID: PMC10130097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, including both hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Here, we aimed at identifying liver-derived factor(s) potentially inducing peripheral IR and uncovering the mechanisms whereby HCV can regulate the action of these factors. We found ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin Like 4) mRNA expression levels to positively correlate with HCV RNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.03) and HOMA-IR score (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) in liver biopsies of lean CHC patients. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression in two models recapitulating HCV-induced peripheral IR, i.e. mice expressing core protein of HCV genotype 3a (HCV-3a core) in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells transduced with HCV-3a core. Treatment of differentiated myocytes with recombinant ANGPTL4 reduced insulin-induced Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, conditioned medium from ANGPTL4-KO hepatoma cells prevented muscle cells from HCV-3a core induced IR. Treatment of HCV-3a core expressing HepG2 cells with PPARγ antagonist resulted in a decrease of HCV-core induced ANGPTL4 upregulation. Together, our data identified ANGPTL4 as a potential driver of HCV-induced IR and may provide working hypotheses aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of IR in the setting of other chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, University Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Conzelmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tifany Schaer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Weng KF, Tee HK, Tseligka ED, Cagno V, Mathez G, Rosset S, Nagamine CM, Sarnow P, Kirkegaard K, Tapparel C. Variant enterovirus A71 found in immune-suppressed patient binds to heparan sulfate and exhibits neurotropism in B-cell-depleted mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112389. [PMID: 37058406 PMCID: PMC10590055 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks with neurological complications and deaths. We previously isolated an EV-A71 variant in the stool, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of an immunocompromised patient who had a leucine-to-arginine substitution on the VP1 capsid protein, resulting in increased heparin sulfate binding. We show here that this mutation increases the virus's pathogenicity in orally infected mice with depleted B cells, which mimics the patient's immune status, and increases susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies. However, a double mutant with even greater heparin sulfate affinity is not pathogenic, suggesting that increased heparin sulfate affinity may trap virions in peripheral tissues and reduce neurovirulence. This research sheds light on the increased pathogenicity of variant with heparin sulfate (HS)-binding ability in individuals with decreased B cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Weng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Han Kang Tee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Mathez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Sarnow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karla Kirkegaard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Bondeelle L, Giannotti F, Chalandon Y, Le Goff J, Tapparel C, Bergeron A. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipient. Am J Transplant 2023:S1600-6135(23)00358-1. [PMID: 36972802 PMCID: PMC10039781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are the most vulnerable patients to community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV) such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus or others. These patients are likely to develop severe acute viral infections; CARVs have also been identified as triggers of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). BO is a manifestation of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), most often leading to irreversible ventilatory impairment. To date, there are no data on whether SARS CoV2 could be a trigger for BO. Here, we report the first report of a case of BOS following SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring 10 months after allogeneic HSCT with a flare of underlying extra thoracic GVHD. This observation provides a new perspective and should be of particular interest to clinicians, suggesting the need for close monitoring of PFTs after SARS CoV-2 infection. The mechanisms leading to BOS after SARS-CoV-2 infection require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bondeelle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Federica Giannotti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Chalandon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Le Goff
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bergeron
- Pneumology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Royston L, Boda B, Pérez-Rodriguez FJ, Piuz I, Hulo N, Kaiser L, Clément S, Huang S, Constant S, Tapparel C. Altered cell function and increased replication of rhinoviruses and EV-D68 in airway epithelia of asthma patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106945. [PMID: 36937308 PMCID: PMC10014885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rhinovirus (RV) infections constitute one of the main triggers of asthma exacerbations and an important burden in pediatric yard. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Methods In the present study, we compared infections of in vitro reconstituted airway epithelia originating from asthmatic versus healthy donors with representative strains of RV-A major group and minor groups, RV-C, RV-B, and the respiratory enterovirus EV-D68. Results We found that viral replication was higher in tissues derived from asthmatic donors for all tested viruses. Viral receptor expression was comparable in non-infected tissues from both groups. After infection, ICAM1 and LDLR were upregulated, while CDHR3 was downregulated. Overall, these variations were related to viral replication levels. The presence of the CDHR3 asthma susceptibility allele (rs6967330) was not associated with increased RV-C replication. Regarding the tissue response, a significantly higher interferon (IFN) induction was demonstrated in infected tissues derived from asthmatic donors, which excludes a defect in IFN-response. Unbiased transcriptomic comparison of asthmatic versus control tissues revealed significant modifications, such as alterations of cilia structure and motility, in both infected and non-infected tissues. These observations were supported by a reduced mucociliary clearance and increased mucus secretion in non-infected tissues from asthmatic donors. Discussion Altogether, we demonstrated an increased permissiveness and susceptibility to RV and respiratory EV infections in HAE derived from asthmatic patients, which was associated with a global alteration in epithelial cell functions. These results unveil the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation and suggest interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léna Royston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, Plan les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Caroline Tapparel,
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Alvarez C, Puhach O, Sattonnet-Roche P, Torriani G, Tapparel C, Kaiser L, Eckerle I. Sequential infections with rhinovirus and influenza modulate the replicative capacity of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:412-423. [PMID: 34931581 PMCID: PMC8803056 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2021806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although frequently reported since the beginning of the pandemic, questions remain regarding the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interaction with circulating respiratory viruses in coinfected patients. We here investigated dual infections involving early-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha variant and three of the most prevalent respiratory viruses, rhinovirus (RV) and Influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV), in reconstituted respiratory airway epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface. We found that SARS-CoV-2 replication was impaired by primary, but not secondary, rhino- and influenza virus infection. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 had no effect on the replication of these seasonal respiratory viruses. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 correlated better with immune response triggered by RV, IAV and IBV than the virus entry. Using neutralizing antibody against type I and III interferons, SARS-CoV-2 blockade in dual infections could be partly prevented. Altogether, these data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 interaction with seasonal respiratory viruses would be modulated by interferon induction and could impact SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology when circulation of other respiratory viruses is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catia Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olha Puhach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Sattonnet-Roche
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Varricchio C, Mathez G, Pillonel T, Bertelli C, Kaiser L, Tapparel C, Brancale A, Cagno V. Geneticin shows selective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.08.483429. [PMID: 35291297 PMCID: PMC8923105 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.08.483429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is currently causing an unprecedented pandemic. While vaccines are massively deployed, we still lack effective large-scale antiviral therapies. In the quest for antivirals targeting conserved structures, we focused on molecules able to bind viral RNA secondary structures. Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known to interact with the ribosomal RNA of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and have previously been shown to exert antiviral activities by interacting with viral RNA. Here we show that the aminoglycoside geneticin is endowed with antiviral activity against all tested variants of SARS-CoV-2, in different cell lines and in a respiratory tissue model at non-toxic concentrations. The mechanism of action is an early inhibition of RNA replication and protein expression related to a decrease in the efficiency of the -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) signal of SARS-CoV-2. Using in silico modelling, we have identified a potential binding site of geneticin in the pseudoknot of frameshift RNA motif. Moreover, we have selected, through virtual screening, additional RNA binding compounds, interacting with the same site with increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gregory Mathez
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Trestan Pillonel
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Emerging Viruses, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Filipe IC, Tee HK, Prados J, Piuz I, Constant S, Huang S, Tapparel C. Comparison of tissue tropism and host response to enteric and respiratory enteroviruses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010632. [PMID: 35789345 PMCID: PMC9286751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most prevalent viruses worldwide. They are characterized by a high genetic and phenotypic diversity, being able to cause a plethora of symptoms. EV-D68, a respiratory EV, and EV-D94, an enteric EV, represent an interesting paradigm of EV tropism heterogeneity. They belong to the same species, but display distinct phenotypic characteristics and in vivo tropism. Here, we used these two viruses as well as relevant 3D respiratory, intestinal and neural tissue culture models, to highlight key distinctive features of enteric and respiratory EVs. We emphasize the critical role of temperature in restricting EV-D68 tissue tropism. Using transcriptomic analysis, we underscore fundamental differences between intestinal and respiratory tissues, both in the steady-state and in response to infection. Intestinal tissues present higher cell proliferation rate and are more immunotolerant than respiratory tissues. Importantly, we highlight the different strategies applied by EV-D94 and EV-D68 towards the host antiviral response of intestinal and respiratory tissues. EV-D68 strongly activates antiviral pathways while EV-D94, on the contrary, barely induces any host defense mechanisms. In summary, our study provides an insightful characterization of the differential pathogenesis of EV-D68 and EV-D94 and the interplay with their main target tissues. Enteroviruses (EVs) are important human pathogens, associated with more than 20 clinical presentations. They replicate predominantly in the intestinal and/or respiratory mucosae. The respiratory EV-D68 can be considered an emerging virus because it caused an unprecedent outbreak in 2014, and contemporary isolates display increased virulence and novel neurotropic potential. The genetically related enteric EV-D94 is less common and its pathogenesis remains poorly defined, however, its infection has also been associated with neurological symptoms such as acute flaccid paralysis. To decipher the pathogenic mechanisms of these two viruses, we investigated their tropism and innate immunity induction in relevant human respiratory, intestinal and neural tissue culture models. Our results highlight the critical role of temperature in restricting EV-D68 tropism. Furthermore, using transcriptomic analysis, we identified key differences between respiratory and intestinal tissues, with the latter exhibiting higher cell proliferation and being more immunotolerant. More importantly, we could demonstrate the different strategies applied by EV-D94 and EV-D68 towards the host antiviral response, with EV-D68 strongly activating antiviral pathways and EV-D94, in contrast, inducing few host antiviral transcripts. This work identifies key differences in the pathogenesis of these representative respiratory and enteric EVs, which may contribute to the development of targeted antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cordeiro Filipe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Han Kang Tee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Prados
- Bioinformatics Support Platform, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix SAS Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Mohammadifar E, Gasbarri M, Cagno V, Achazi K, Tapparel C, Haag R, Stellacci F. Polyanionic Amphiphilic Dendritic Polyglycerols as Broad-Spectrum Viral Inhibitors with a Virucidal Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:983-991. [PMID: 34985867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heparin has been known to be a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral infection for almost 70 years, and it has been used as a medication for almost 90 years due to its anticoagulant effect. This nontoxic biocompatible polymer efficiently binds to many types of viruses and prevents their attachment to cell membranes. However, the anticoagulant properties are limiting their use as an antiviral drug. Many heparin-like compounds have been developed throughout the years; however, the reversible nature of the virus inhibition mechanism has prevented their translation to the clinics. In vivo, such a mechanism requires the unrealistic maintenance of the concentration above the binding constant. Recently, we have shown that the addition of long hydrophobic linkers to heparin-like compounds renders the interaction irreversible while maintaining the low-toxicity and broad-spectrum activity. To date, such hydrophobic linkers have been used to create heparin-like gold nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrins. The former achieves a nanomolar inhibition concentration on a non-biodegradable scaffold. The latter, on a fully biodegradable scaffold, shows only a micromolar inhibition concentration. Here, we report that the addition of hydrophobic linkers to a new type of multifunctional scaffold (dendritic polyglycerol, dPG) creates biocompatible compounds endowed with nanomolar activity. Furthermore, we present an in-depth analysis of the molecular design rules needed to achieve irreversible virus inhibition. The most active compound (dPG-5) showed nanomolar activity against herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), giving a proof-of-principle for broad-spectrum while keeping low-toxicity. In addition, we demonstrate that the virucidal activity leads to the release of viral DNA upon the interaction between the virus and our polyanionic dendritic polymers. We believe that this paper will be a stepping stone toward the design of a new class of irreversible nontoxic broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) from the D species are the causative agents of a diverse range of infectious diseases in spite of comprising only five known members. This small clade has a diverse host range and tissue tropism. It contains types infecting non-human primates and/or humans, and for the latter, they preferentially infect the eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. Although several Enterovirus D members, in particular EV-D68, have been associated with neurological complications, including acute myelitis, there is currently no effective treatment or vaccine against any of them. This review highlights the peculiarities of this viral species, focusing on genome organization, functional elements, receptor usage, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cordeiro Filipe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Mariana Soares Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Evgeny M. Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
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13
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Palika A, Armanious A, Rahimi A, Medaglia C, Gasbarri M, Handschin S, Rossi A, Pohl MO, Busnadiego I, Gübeli C, Anjanappa RB, Bolisetty S, Peydayesh M, Stertz S, Hale BG, Tapparel C, Stellacci F, Mezzenga R. An antiviral trap made of protein nanofibrils and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:918-925. [PMID: 34083772 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the spread of viruses in the environment is the first defence line when fighting outbreaks and pandemics, but the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates how difficult this is on a global scale, particularly in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. Here we introduce and develop a sustainable and biodegradable antiviral filtration membrane composed of amyloid nanofibrils made from food-grade milk proteins and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles synthesized in situ from iron salts by simple pH tuning. Thus, all the membrane components are made of environmentally friendly, non-toxic and widely available materials. The membrane has outstanding efficacy against a broad range of viruses, which include enveloped, non-enveloped, airborne and waterborne viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, H1N1 (the influenza A virus strain responsible for the swine flu pandemic in 2009) and enterovirus 71 (a non-enveloped virus resistant to harsh conditions, such as highly acidic pH), which highlights a possible role in fighting the current and future viral outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Palika
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonius Armanious
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akram Rahimi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BluAct Technologies GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie O Pohl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BluAct Technologies GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Cordey S, Laubscher F, Hartley MA, Junier T, Keitel K, Docquier M, Guex N, Iseli C, Vieille G, Le Mercier P, Gleizes A, Samaka J, Mlaganile T, Kagoro F, Masimba J, Said Z, Temba H, Elbanna GH, Tapparel C, Zanella MC, Xenarios I, Fellay J, D'Acremont V, Kaiser L. Blood virosphere in febrile Tanzanian children. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:982-993. [PMID: 33929935 PMCID: PMC8171259 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1925161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are the leading cause of childhood acute febrile illnesses motivating consultation in sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of causal viruses are never identified in low-resource clinical settings as such testing is either not part of routine screening or available diagnostic tools have limited ability to detect new/unexpected viral variants. An in-depth exploration of the blood virome is therefore necessary to clarify the potential viral origin of fever in children. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for such broad investigations, allowing the detection of RNA and DNA viral genomes. Here, we describe the blood virome of 816 febrile children (<5 years) presenting at outpatient departments in Dar es Salaam over one-year. We show that half of the patients (394/816) had at least one detected virus recognized as causes of human infection/disease (13.8% enteroviruses (enterovirus A, B, C, and rhinovirus A and C), 12% rotaviruses, 11% human herpesvirus type 6). Additionally, we report the detection of a large number of viruses (related to arthropod, vertebrate or mammalian viral species) not yet known to cause human infection/disease, highlighting those who should be on the radar, deserve specific attention in the febrile paediatric population and, more broadly, for surveillance of emerging pathogens.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02225769.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cordey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary-Anne Hartley
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Intelligent Global Health, Machine Learning and Optimization Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Junier
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Keitel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Iseli
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gael Vieille
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Gleizes
- SwissProt group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Frank Kagoro
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - John Masimba
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zamzam Said
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Gasser H Elbanna
- Intelligent Global Health, Machine Learning and Optimization Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Celine Zanella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Health2030 Genome Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Agora Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Kocabiyik O, Cagno V, Silva PJ, Zhu Y, Sedano L, Bhide Y, Mettier J, Medaglia C, Da Costa B, Constant S, Huang S, Kaiser L, Hinrichs WLJ, Huckriede A, Le Goffic R, Tapparel C, Stellacci F. Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2001012. [PMID: 33552848 PMCID: PMC7856883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is high. It is important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, that is, irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules is described that meets these criteria and display exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated either in 6'sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6'SLN) or in 3'SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, it is shown that, in mice, one of the compounds provides therapeutic efficacy when administered 24 h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kocabiyik
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Yong Zhu
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Laura Sedano
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Joelle Mettier
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix SasChemin des Aulx 18Geneva1228Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Hopital Universitaire de GenèveRue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Bioengineering InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
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16
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Cosset É, Hibaoui Y, Ilmjärv S, Dietrich PY, Tapparel C, Krause KH. Modeling Poliovirus Infection Using Human Engineered Neural Tissue Enriched With Motor Neuron Derived From Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:593106. [PMID: 33490061 PMCID: PMC7815649 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus (PV), a positive strand non-enveloped virus. Since its discovery in the 1950s, several cell culture and molecular methods have been developed to detect and characterize the various strains of PV. Here, we provide an accurate and standardized protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward engineered neural tissue enriched with motor neurons (MN ENTs). These MN ENTs expressed markers of motor neuron CHAT and Hb-9 as revealed by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative RT-PCR. Interestingly, our results suggest that motor neurons are responsible for the permissiveness of poliovirus within the MN ENTs. Moreover, our study revealed the molecular events occurring upon PV-3 infection in the MN ENTs and highlighted the modulation of a set of genes involved in EGR-EP300 complex. Collectively, we report the development of a reliable in vitro model to investigate the pathophysiology of PV infection, allowing to both design and assess novel therapeutic approaches against PV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Cosset
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, HFR Fribourg -Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sten Ilmjärv
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, HFR Fribourg -Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, HFR Fribourg -Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
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17
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Cagno V, Magliocco G, Tapparel C, Daali Y. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:621-624. [PMID: 33232578 PMCID: PMC7753569 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019, no vaccine has been approved to counter this infection and the available treatments are mainly directed against the immune pathology caused by the infection. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic, pointing the urgent need for effective treatment. In such emergency, drug repurposing presents the best option for a rapid antiviral response. We assess here the in vitro activity of nilotinib, imatinib and dasatinib, three Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, against SARS-CoV-2. Although the last two compounds do not show antiviral efficacy, we observe inhibition with nilotinib in Vero-E6 cells and Calu-3 cells with EC50s of 1.44 μM and 3.06 μM, respectively. These values are close to the mean peak concentration of nilotinib observed at steady state in serum, making this compound a potential candidate for treatment of COVID-19 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaelle Magliocco
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Gasbarri M, V’kovski P, Torriani G, Thiel V, Stellacci F, Tapparel C, Cagno V. SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Sulfonated Compounds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1894. [PMID: 33265927 PMCID: PMC7760145 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cellular entry, but it might also rely on attachment receptors such as heparan sulfates. Several groups have recently demonstrated an affinity of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein for heparan sulfates and a reduced binding to cells in the presence of heparin or heparinase treatment. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of several sulfated and sulfonated molecules, which prevent interaction with heparan sulfates, against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotyped-SARS-CoV-2 and the authentic SARS-CoV-2. Sulfonated cyclodextrins and nanoparticles that have recently shown broad-spectrum non-toxic virucidal activity against many heparan sulfates binding viruses showed inhibitory activity in the micromolar and nanomolar ranges, respectively. In stark contrast with the mechanisms that these compounds present for these other viruses, the inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 was found to be simply reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Philip V’kovski
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (P.V.); (V.T.)
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneve, Switzerland; (G.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (P.V.); (V.T.)
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.G.); (F.S.)
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneve, Switzerland; (G.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneve, Switzerland; (G.T.); (C.T.)
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19
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Sridhar A, Simmini S, Ribeiro CMS, Tapparel C, Evers MM, Pajkrt D, Wolthers K. A Perspective on Organoids for Virology Research. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111341. [PMID: 33238561 PMCID: PMC7700289 DOI: 10.3390/v12111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models and cell lines are invaluable for virology research and host-pathogen interaction studies. However, it is increasingly evident that these models are not sufficient to fully understand human viral diseases. With the advent of three-dimensional organotypic cultures, it is now possible to study viral infections in the human context. This perspective explores the potential of these organotypic cultures, also known as organoids, for virology research, antiviral testing, and shaping the virology landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Simmini
- Gastrointestinal Biology Group, STEMCELL Technologies UK Ltd., Cambridge CB28 9TL, UK;
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melvin M. Evers
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Wolthers
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Pradier A, Masouridi-Levrat S, Bosshard C, Dantin C, Vu DL, Zanella MC, Boely E, Tapparel C, Kaiser L, Chalandon Y, Simonetta F, Roosnek E. Torque Teno Virus as a Potential Biomarker for Complications and Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:998. [PMID: 32536920 PMCID: PMC7267041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) contributes to increased risk of cancer relapse and infection resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, effective strategies to functionally assess the quality of immune reconstitution are still missing. Quantification of in vivo replication of the ubiquitous, non-pathogenic virus Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been reported in small series as a test to functionally evaluate the quality of post-transplant immune reconstitution. In the present study, we analyzed by quantitative PCR TTV titers in plasma samples from a large cohort of 168 allogeneic HSCT recipients. Our analysis confirms that TTV titers peaked at 100 days post-transplant, followed by progressive normalization thereafter. Negative correlation of TTV titers with T cell absolute numbers during the first year post-transplant points to the restoration of an active anti-TTV immunity. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that donor CMV positive serostatus, donor type and immune suppression resulting from GVHD treatment affected the restoration of anti-TTV immunity. Importantly, higher TTV titers at 100 days after transplantation were associated with worse overall survival and higher risk of acute GVHD and infections. Our results provide new insights into the factors affecting the dynamics of TTV replication and indicate that TTV is a potentially useful biomarker to assess immune reconstitution and to predict complications and outcomes of allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pradier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carine Bosshard
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Dantin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Céline Zanella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Boely
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Chalandon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eddy Roosnek
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Simmonds P, Gorbalenya AE, Harvala H, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg AM, Oberste MS, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers KC, Woo PCY, Zell R. Correction to: Recommendations for the nomenclature of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1515. [PMID: 32206917 PMCID: PMC7225178 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - A E Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Harvala
- National Microbiology Service, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - T Hovi
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - A M Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - M S Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A C Palmenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Molecular Virology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - T Skern
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R Zell
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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22
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Jones ST, Cagno V, Janeček M, Ortiz D, Gasilova N, Piret J, Gasbarri M, Constant DA, Han Y, Vuković L, Král P, Kaiser L, Huang S, Constant S, Kirkegaard K, Boivin G, Stellacci F, Tapparel C. Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax9318. [PMID: 32064341 PMCID: PMC6989148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections kill millions of people and new antivirals are needed. Nontoxic drugs that irreversibly inhibit viruses (virucidal) are postulated to be ideal. Unfortunately, all virucidal molecules described to date are cytotoxic. We recently developed nontoxic, broad-spectrum virucidal gold nanoparticles. Here, we develop further the concept and describe cyclodextrins, modified with mercaptoundecane sulfonic acids, to mimic heparan sulfates and to provide the key nontoxic virucidal action. We show that the resulting macromolecules are broad-spectrum, biocompatible, and virucidal at micromolar concentrations in vitro against many viruses [including herpes simplex virus (HSV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus, and Zika virus]. They are effective ex vivo against both laboratory and clinical strains of RSV and HSV-2 in respiratory and vaginal tissue culture models, respectively. Additionally, they are effective when administrated in mice before intravaginal HSV-2 inoculation. Lastly, they pass a mutation resistance test that the currently available anti-HSV drug (acyclovir) fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Jones
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Matej Janeček
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Piret
- CHU of Québec-Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - David A. Constant
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79966, USA
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Karla Kirkegaard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guy Boivin
- CHU of Québec-Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Bionengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (C.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (C.T.); (F.S.)
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23
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Cagno V, Tseligka ED, Jones ST, Tapparel C. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Viral Attachment: True Receptors or Adaptation Bias? Viruses 2019; 11:v11070596. [PMID: 31266258 PMCID: PMC6669472 DOI: 10.3390/v11070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are composed of unbranched, negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides attached to a variety of cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. Widely expressed, they mediate many biological activities, including angiogenesis, blood coagulation, developmental processes, and cell homeostasis. HSPG are highly sulfated and broadly used by a range of pathogens, especially viruses, to attach to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel T Jones
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Cordey S, Laubscher F, Hartley MA, Junier T, Pérez-Rodriguez FJ, Keitel K, Vieille G, Samaka J, Mlaganile T, Kagoro F, Boillat-Blanco N, Mbarack Z, Docquier M, Brito F, Eibach D, May J, Sothmann P, Aldrich C, Lusingu J, Tapparel C, D'Acremont V, Kaiser L. Detection of dicistroviruses RNA in blood of febrile Tanzanian children. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:613-623. [PMID: 30999808 PMCID: PMC6493270 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1603791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fever is the leading cause of paediatric outpatient consultations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although most are suspected to be of viral origin, a putative causative pathogen is not identified in over a quarter of these febrile episodes. Using a de novo assembly sequencing approach, we report the detection (15.4%) of dicistroviruses (DicV) RNA in sera collected from 692 febrile Tanzanian children. In contrast, DicV RNA was only detected in 1/77 (1.3%) plasma samples from febrile Tanzanian adults, suggesting that children could represent the primary susceptible population. Estimated viral load by specific quantitative real-time RT–PCR assay ranged from < 1.32E3 to 1.44E7 viral RNA copies/mL serum. Three DicV full-length genomes were obtained, and a phylogenetic analyse on the capsid region showed the presence of two clusters representing tentative novel genus. Although DicV-positive cases were detected throughout the year, a significantly higher positivity rate was observed during the rainy season. This study reveals that novel DicV RNA is frequently detected in the blood of Tanzanian children, paving the way for further investigations to determine if DicV possibly represent a new agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cordey
- a Division of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Virology , University of Geneva Hospitals Geneva , Switzerland.,b University of Geneva Medical School Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- a Division of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Virology , University of Geneva Hospitals Geneva , Switzerland.,b University of Geneva Medical School Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Mary-Anne Hartley
- c Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine , Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Junier
- d Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Geneva , Switzerland.,e Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne , Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Keitel
- f Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , University of Basel Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gael Vieille
- a Division of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Virology , University of Geneva Hospitals Geneva , Switzerland.,b University of Geneva Medical School Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Josephine Samaka
- g Ifakara Health Institute , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.,h Amana Hospital , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
| | | | - Frank Kagoro
- g Ifakara Health Institute , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - Noémie Boillat-Blanco
- f Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , University of Basel Basel , Switzerland.,i Infectious Diseases Service , Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne , Switzerland
| | | | - Mylène Docquier
- k iGE3 Genomics Platform , University of Geneva Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Francisco Brito
- d Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Geneva , Switzerland.,l Department of Genetic Medicine and Development , Faculty of Medicine of Geneva Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eibach
- m Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg , Germany.,n German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Jürgen May
- m Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg , Germany.,n German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Peter Sothmann
- m Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg , Germany.,n German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Hamburg , Germany.,o Division of Tropical Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg , Germany.,p Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine , Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU) Munich , Germany
| | - Cassandra Aldrich
- m Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology , Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg , Germany.,p Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine , Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU) Munich , Germany
| | - John Lusingu
- q National Institute for Medical Research , Tanga Research Centre , Tanga , Tanzania
| | | | - Valérie D'Acremont
- c Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine , Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne , Switzerland.,f Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , University of Basel Basel , Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- a Division of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Virology , University of Geneva Hospitals Geneva , Switzerland.,b University of Geneva Medical School Geneva , Switzerland.,r Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases Geneva , Switzerland
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25
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Cagno V, Tintori C, Civra A, Cavalli R, Tiberi M, Botta L, Brai A, Poli G, Tapparel C, Lembo D, Botta M. Novel broad spectrum virucidal molecules against enveloped viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208333. [PMID: 30532192 PMCID: PMC6285983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are an important cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of antiviral drugs or vaccines for a large number of viruses, and this represents a remarkable challenge particularly for emerging and re-emerging viruses. For this reason, the identification of broad spectrum antiviral compounds provides a valuable opportunity for developing efficient antiviral therapies. Here we report on a class of rhodanine and thiobarbituric derivatives displaying a broad spectrum antiviral activity against seven different enveloped viruses including an HSV-2 acyclovir resistant strain with favorable selectivity indexes. Due to their selective action on enveloped viruses and to their lipid oxidation ability, we hypothesize a mechanism on the viral envelope that affects the fluidity of the lipid bilayer, thus compromising the efficiency of virus-cell fusion and preventing viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Tintori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marika Tiberi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Tseligka ED, Sobo K, Stoppini L, Cagno V, Abdul F, Piuz I, Meylan P, Huang S, Constant S, Tapparel C. A VP1 mutation acquired during an enterovirus 71 disseminated infection confers heparan sulfate binding ability and modulates ex vivo tropism. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007190. [PMID: 30075025 PMCID: PMC6093697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes hand, foot and mouth disease, a mild and self-limited illness that is sometimes associated with severe neurological complications. EV71 neurotropic determinants remain ill-defined to date. We previously identified a mutation in the VP1 capsid protein (L97R) that was acquired over the course of a disseminated infection in an immunocompromised host. The mutation was absent in the respiratory tract but was present in the gut (as a mixed population) and in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (as a dominant species). In this study, we demonstrated that this mutation does not alter the dependence of EV71 on the human scavenger receptor class B2 (SCARB2), while it enables the virus to bind to the heparan sulfate (HS) attachment receptor and modifies viral tropism in cell lines and in respiratory, intestinal and neural tissues. Variants with VP197L or VP197R were able to replicate to high levels in intestinal and neural tissues and, to a lesser extent, in respiratory tissues, but their preferred entry site (from the luminal or basal tissue side) differed in respiratory and intestinal tissues and correlated with HS expression levels. These data account for the viral populations sequenced from the patient's respiratory and intestinal samples and suggest that improved dissemination, resulting from an acquired ability to bind HS, rather than specific neurotropism determinants, enabled the virus to reach and infect the central nervous system. Finally, we showed that iota-carrageenan, a highly sulfated polysaccharide, efficiently blocks the replication of HS-dependent variants in cells and 2D neural cultures. Overall, the results of this study emphasize the importance of HS binding in EV71 pathogenesis and open new avenues for the development of antiviral molecules that may prevent this virus's dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini D. Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Komla Sobo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luc Stoppini
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, HES-SO/University of Applied Sciences, Geneva, Western Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Abdul
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Meylan
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Boda B, Benaoudia S, Huang S, Bonfante R, Wiszniewski L, Tseligka ED, Tapparel C, Constant S. Antiviral drug screening by assessing epithelial functions and innate immune responses in human 3D airway epithelium model. Antiviral Res 2018; 156:72-79. [PMID: 29890184 PMCID: PMC7113743 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections cause mild to severe diseases, such as common cold, bronchiolitis and pneumonia and are associated with substantial burden for society. To test new molecules for shortening, alleviating the diseases or to develop new therapies, relevant human in vitro models are mandatory. MucilAir™, a human standardized air-liquid interface 3D airway epithelial culture holds in vitro specific mechanisms to counter invaders comparable to the in vivo situation, such as mucus production, mucociliary clearance, and secretion of defensive molecules. The objective of this study was to test the relevance of such a model for the discovery and validation of antiviral drugs. Fully differentiated 3D nasal epithelium cultures were inoculated with picornaviruses, a coronavirus and influenza A viruses in the absence or in the presence of reference antiviral drugs. Results showed that, rupintrivir efficiently inhibits the replication of respiratory picornaviruses in a dose dependent manner and prevents the impairment of the mucociliary clearance. Similarly, oseltamivir reduced the replication of influenza A viruses in a dose dependent manner and prevented the impairment of the epithelial barrier function and cytotoxicity until 4 days of infection. In addition we found that Rhinovirus B14, C15 and influenza A(H1N1) induce significant increase of β Defensins 2 and Cathelicidin release with different time course. These results reveal that a large panel of epithelial functions is modified upon viral infection and validate MucilAir™ as a pertinent tool for pre-clinical antiviral drug testing. Reference antivirals inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the respiratory virus production in MucilAir™. Respiratory viruses induce specific antimicrobial peptide expression and functional changes in MucilAir™. Antivirals prevent virus-induced dysfunctions, the disruption of epithelial barrier and the decrease of mucociliary clearance. MucilAir™ is a suitable model to produce clinical respiratory virus isolates and to perform antiviral drugs screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Boda
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sacha Benaoudia
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rosy Bonfante
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Wiszniewski
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, CH-1228, Geneva, Switzerland
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Royston L, Essaidi-Laziosi M, Pérez-Rodríguez FJ, Piuz I, Geiser J, Krause KH, Huang S, Constant S, Kaiser L, Garcin D, Tapparel C. Viral chimeras decrypt the role of enterovirus capsid proteins in viral tropism, acid sensitivity and optimal growth temperature. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006962. [PMID: 29630666 PMCID: PMC5908207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their genetic similarities, enteric and respiratory enteroviruses (EVs) have highly heterogeneous biophysical properties and cause a vast diversity of human pathologies. In vitro differences include acid sensitivity, optimal growth temperature and tissue tropism, which reflect a preferential in vivo replication in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and are thus key determinants of EV virulence. To investigate the underlying cause of these differences, we generated chimeras at the capsid-level between EV-D68 (a respiratory EV) and EV-D94 (an enteric EV). Although some chimeras were nonfunctional, EV-D94 with both the capsid and 2A protease or the capsid only of EV-D68 were both viable. Using this latter construct, we performed several functional assays, which indicated that capsid proteins determine acid sensitivity and tropism in cell lines and in respiratory, intestinal and neural tissues. Additionally, capsid genes were shown to also participate in determining the optimal growth temperature, since EV-D94 temperature adaptation relied on single mutations in VP1, while constructs with EV-D68 capsid could not adapt to higher temperatures. Finally, we demonstrate that EV-D68 maintains residual binding-capacity after acid-treatment despite a loss of infectivity. In contrast, non-structural rather than capsid proteins modulate the innate immune response in tissues. These unique biophysical insights expose another layer in the phenotypic diversity of one of world's most prevalent pathogens and could aid target selection for vaccine or antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léna Royston
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Rodríguez
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Geiser
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Garcin
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Cagno V, Andreozzi P, D'Alicarnasso M, Jacob Silva P, Mueller M, Galloux M, Le Goffic R, Jones ST, Vallino M, Hodek J, Weber J, Sen S, Janeček ER, Bekdemir A, Sanavio B, Martinelli C, Donalisio M, Rameix Welti MA, Eleouet JF, Han Y, Kaiser L, Vukovic L, Tapparel C, Král P, Krol S, Lembo D, Stellacci F. Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism. Nat Mater 2018; 17:195-203. [PMID: 29251725 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections kill millions yearly. Available antiviral drugs are virus-specific and active against a limited panel of human pathogens. There are broad-spectrum substances that prevent the first step of virus-cell interaction by mimicking heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), the highly conserved target of viral attachment ligands (VALs). The reversible binding mechanism prevents their use as a drug, because, upon dilution, the inhibition is lost. Known VALs are made of closely packed repeating units, but the aforementioned substances are able to bind only a few of them. We designed antiviral nanoparticles with long and flexible linkers mimicking HSPG, allowing for effective viral association with a binding that we simulate to be strong and multivalent to the VAL repeating units, generating forces (∼190 pN) that eventually lead to irreversible viral deformation. Virucidal assays, electron microscopy images, and molecular dynamics simulations support the proposed mechanism. These particles show no cytotoxicity, and in vitro nanomolar irreversible activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papilloma virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue and lenti virus. They are active ex vivo in human cervicovaginal histocultures infected by HSV-2 and in vivo in mice infected with RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group San Sebastian-Donostia, 20014 Donastia San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Mueller
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Galloux
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Samuel T Jones
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jones Lab, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marta Vallino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix Welti
- UMR INSERM U1173 I2, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil-UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lela Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Brito F, Benaoudia S, Royston L, Cagno V, Fernandes-Rocha M, Piuz I, Zdobnov E, Huang S, Constant S, Boldi MO, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. Propagation of respiratory viruses in human airway epithelia reveals persistent virus-specific signatures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:2074-2084. [PMID: 28797733 PMCID: PMC7112338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The leading cause of acute illnesses, respiratory viruses, typically cause self-limited diseases, although severe complications can occur in fragile patients. Rhinoviruses (RVs), respiratory enteroviruses (EVs), influenza virus, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs), and coronaviruses are highly prevalent respiratory pathogens, but because of the lack of reliable animal models, their differential pathogenesis remains poorly characterized. Objective We sought to compare infections by respiratory viruses isolated from clinical specimens using reconstituted human airway epithelia. Methods Tissues were infected with RV-A55, RV-A49, RV-B48, RV-C8, and RV-C15; respiratory EV-D68; influenza virus H3N2; RSV-B; and human coronavirus (HCoV)–OC43. Replication kinetics, cell tropism, effect on tissue integrity, and cytokine secretion were compared. Viral adaptation and tissue response were assessed through RNA sequencing. Results RVs, RSV-B, and HCoV-OC43 infected ciliated cells and caused no major cell death, whereas H3N2 and EV-D68 induced ciliated cell loss and tissue integrity disruption. H3N2 was also detected in rare goblet and basal cells. All viruses, except RV-B48 and HCoV-OC43, altered cilia beating and mucociliary clearance. H3N2 was the strongest cytokine inducer, and HCoV-OC43 was the weakest. Persistent infection was observed in all cases. RNA sequencing highlighted perturbation of tissue metabolism and induction of a transient but important immune response at 4 days after infection. No majority mutations emerged in the viral population. Conclusion Our results highlight the differential in vitro pathogenesis of respiratory viruses during the acute infection phase and their ability to persist under immune tolerance. These data help to appreciate the range of disease severity observed in vivo and the occurrence of chronic respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Brito
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Léna Royston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Fernandes-Rocha
- Division of Medical Specialties and Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Zdobnov
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marc-Olivier Boldi
- Research Center for Statistics, Faculty GSEM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Medical Specialties and Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Medical Specialties and Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Royston L, Geiser J, Josset L, Schuffenecker I, Tapparel C. A new real-time RT-PCR targeting VP4-VP2 to detect and quantify enterovirus D68 in respiratory samples. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1879-1881. [PMID: 28169437 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Causing an international outbreak of respiratory disease, Enterovirus D68 quickly entered the closed circle of emerging viral pathogens of public health significance. As rapid and accurate detection of EV-D68 is essential for an efficient clinical management, we designed and validated a new highly efficient one-step quantitative rRT-PCR specific to EV-D68 VP4-VP2 region. With 100% specificity and 95.6% sensitivity to all EV-D68 strains, this new assay can be reliably used to detect and quantify EV-D68 in respiratory samples and represents an interesting additional tool for diagnosis as it targets an original region of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léna Royston
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Geiser
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Josset
- Centre National de Référence des Enterovirus et Parechovirus, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Schuffenecker
- Centre National de Référence des Enterovirus et Parechovirus, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Lyon M, Mamin A, Fernandes Rocha M, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. A new real-time RT-qPCR assay for the detection, subtyping and quantification of human respiratory syncytial viruses positive- and negative-sense RNAs. J Virol Methods 2016; 235:9-14. [PMID: 27180039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health problem and the main cause of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis. RSV is divided into two antigenic subgroups, RSV-A and -B that co-circulate worldwide. Rapid and sensitive detection is desirable for proper patient handling while assessment of viral load may help to evaluate disease severity and progression. Finally RSV subtyping is needed to determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of each RSV subgroup, as well as their sensitivity to treatment. In this study, we took into account the most recent circulating RSV variants and designed two quantitative TaqMan one-step RT-PCR assays to detect and quantify both RSV subgroups separately. Standard dilutions of transcripts of positive and negative polarities were included in the assay validation to assess potential differences in sensitivity on negative-sense genomes and positive-sense RNAs. In addition, RSV detection in respiratory specimens of different types and sampled in different populations was compared to commercially available RSV diagnostic tools. Altogether, the RSV-A and -B assays revealed sensitive and quantitative over a wide range of viral loads, with a slight improved sensitivity of the RSV-B assay on positive sense transcripts, and allowed accurate RSV subtyping. We thus provide a useful tool for both RSV diagnostics and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Matthieu Lyon
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Aline Mamin
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Mélanie Fernandes Rocha
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Tran N, H.M.T V, L.A N, D.Q H, V.T.T H, T.T T, D.C V, D.T.N D, H.L V, H.M T, Siegrist CA, L.V T, Kaiser L, Tapparel C, van Doorn H. Clinical features, cytokine profiles and immune response in children with severe hand foot and mouth disease in Vietnam. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) and respiratory enteroviruses (EVs) are leading causes of upper respiratory tract infections and among the most frequent infectious agents in humans worldwide. Both are classified in the Enterovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family and they have been assigned to seven distinct species, RV-A, B, C and EV-A, B, C, D. As viral infections of public health significance, they represent an important financial burden on health systems worldwide. However, the lack of efficient antiviral treatment or vaccines against these highly prevalent pathogens prevents an effective management of RV-related diseases. Current advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have revealed the presence of RV in the lower respiratory tract and its role in lower airway diseases is increasingly reported. In addition to an established etiological role in the common cold, these viruses demonstrate an unexpected capacity to spread to other body sites under certain conditions. Some of these viruses have received particular attention recently, such as EV-D68 that caused a large outbreak of respiratory illness in 2014, respiratory EVs from species C, or viruses within the newly-discovered RV-C species. This review provides an update of the latest findings on clinical and fundamental aspects of RV and respiratory EV, including a summary of basic knowledge of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léna Royston
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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L'Huillier AG, Kaiser L, Petty TJ, Kilowoko M, Kyungu E, Hongoa P, Vieille G, Turin L, Genton B, D'Acremont V, Tapparel C. Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses Highlights Their Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Viruses 2015; 7:6412-23. [PMID: 26670243 PMCID: PMC4690871 DOI: 10.3390/v7122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and enteroviruses (HEVs) belong to the Enterovirus genus and are the most frequent cause of infection worldwide, but data on their molecular epidemiology in Africa are scarce. To understand HRV and HEV molecular epidemiology in this setting, we enrolled febrile pediatric patients participating in a large prospective cohort assessing the causes of fever in Tanzanian children. Naso/oropharyngeal swabs were systematically collected and tested by real-time RT-PCR for HRV and HEV. Viruses from positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were then applied to highlight the HRV and HEV types as well as recombinant or divergent strains. Thirty-eight percent (378/1005) of the enrolled children harboured an HRV or HEV infection. Although some types were predominant, many distinct types were co-circulating, including a vaccinal poliovirus, HEV-A71 and HEV-D68. Three HRV-A recombinants were identified: HRV-A36/HRV-A67, HRV-A12/HRV-A67 and HRV-A96/HRV-A61. Four divergent HRV strains were also identified: one HRV-B strain and three HRV-C strains. This is the first prospective study focused on HRV and HEV molecular epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic and thorough large screening with careful clinical data management confirms the wide genomic diversity of these viruses, brings new insights about their evolution and provides data about associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud G L'Huillier
- Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Tom J Petty
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitraire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Kilowoko
- Amana Regional Referral Hospital, PO box 25411, Dar es Salaam TZ-02, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Esther Kyungu
- St-Francis Hospital, PO box 73, Ifakara TZ-16, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Philipina Hongoa
- St-Francis Hospital, PO box 73, Ifakara TZ-16, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Gaël Vieille
- Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Lara Turin
- Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Blaise Genton
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel 4051, Switzerland.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 21 rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel 4051, Switzerland.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 21 rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Schögler A, Muster RJ, Kieninger E, Casaulta C, Tapparel C, Jung A, Moeller A, Geiser T, Regamey N, Alves MP. Vitamin D represses rhinovirus replication in cystic fibrosis cells by inducing LL-37. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:520-30. [PMID: 26585423 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00665-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has immunomodulatory properties in the defence against pathogens. Its insufficiency is a widespread feature of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, which are repeatedly suffering from rhinovirus (RV)-induced pulmonary exacerbations.To investigate whether vitamin D has antiviral activity, primary bronchial epithelial cells from CF children were pre-treated with vitamin D and infected with RV16. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D was assessed. RV and LL-37 levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of CF children infected with RV.Vitamin D reduced RV16 load in a dose-dependent manner in CF cells (10(-7 )M, p<0.01). The antiviral response mediated by interferons remained unchanged by vitamin D in CF cells. Vitamin D did not exert anti-inflammatory properties in RV-infected CF cells. Vitamin D increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 up to 17.4-fold (p<0.05). Addition of exogenous LL-37 decreased viral replication by 4.4-fold in CF cells (p<0.05). An inverse correlation between viral load and LL-37 levels in CF BAL (r=-0.48, p<0.05) was observed.RV replication in primary CF bronchial cells was reduced by vitamin D through the induction of LL-37. Clinical studies are needed to determine the importance of an adequate control of vitamin D for prevention of virus-induced pulmonary CF exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schögler
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo J Muster
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kieninger
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland University Children`s Hospital Basel, UKBB, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Dept of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Dept of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Lucerne Children's Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marco P Alves
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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37
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L'Huillier AG, Tapparel C, Turin L, Boquete-Suter P, Thomas Y, Kaiser L. Survival of rhinoviruses on human fingers. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:381-5. [PMID: 25614158 PMCID: PMC7129024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus is the main cause of the common cold, which remains the most frequent infection worldwide among humans. Knowledge and understanding of the rhinovirus transmission route is important to reduce morbidity as only preventive measures are effective. In this study, we investigated the potential of rhinovirus to survive on fingers. Rhinovirus-B14 was deposited on fingers for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Survival was defined as the ability of the virus to grow after 7 days, confirmed by immunofluorescence. Rhinovirus survival was not dependent on incubation time on fingers. Droplet disruption had no influence on survival. Survival was frequent with high rhinovirus concentrations, but rare with low-concentration droplets, which corresponded to the usual rhinovirus concentrations in mucus observed in children and adults, respectively. Our study confirms that rhinovirus infectiousness is related to the viral concentration in droplets and suggests that children represent the main transmission source, which occurs only rarely via adults. It confirms also that rhinovirus hand-related transmission is possible and supports hand hygiene as a key prevention measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G L'Huillier
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Turin
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Boquete-Suter
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Thomas
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tapparel C, Sobo K, Constant S, Huang S, Van Belle S, Kaiser L. Growth and characterization of different human rhinovirus C types in three-dimensional human airway epithelia reconstituted in vitro. Virology 2013; 446:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kieninger E, Singer F, Tapparel C, Alves MP, Latzin P, Tan HL, Bossley C, Casaulta C, Bush A, Davies JC, Kaiser L, Regamey N. High rhinovirus burden in lower airways of children with cystic fibrosis. Chest 2013. [PMID: 23188200 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV)-induced pulmonary exacerbations are common in cystic fibrosis (CF) and have been associated with impaired virus clearance by the CF airway epithelium in vitro. Here, we assess in vivo the association of RV prevalence and load with antiviral defense mechanisms, airway inflammation, and lung function parameters in children with CF compared with a control group and children with other chronic respiratory diseases. METHODS RV presence and load were measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in BAL samples and were related to antiviral and inflammatory mediators measured in BAL and to clinical parameters. RESULTS BAL samples were obtained from children with CF (n = 195), non-CF bronchiectasis (n = 40), or asthma (n = 29) and from a control group (n = 35) at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 8.2 (4.0-11.7) years. RV was detected in 73 samples (24.4%). RV prevalence was similar among groups. RV load (median [IQR] x 10(3) copies/mL) was higher in children with CF (143.0 [13.1-1530.0]), especially during pulmonary exacerbations, compared with children with asthma (3.0 [1.3-25.8], P = .006) and the control group (0.5 [0.3-0.5], P < .001), but similar to patients with non-CF bronchiectasis (122.1 [2.7-4423.5], P = not significant). In children with CF, RV load was negatively associated with interferon (IFN)- b and IFN- l , IL-1ra levels, and FEV 1 , and positively with levels of the cytokines CXCL8 and CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS RV load in CF BAL is high, especially during exacerbated lung disease. Impaired production of antiviral mediators may lead to the high RV burden in the lower airways of children with CF. Whether high RV load is a cause or a consequence of inflammation needs further investigation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kieninger
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Singer
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco P Alves
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hui-Leng Tan
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England
| | - Cara Bossley
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England
| | - Jane C Davies
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Members of the Picornaviridae family are non-enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a 30nm icosahedral capsid. This virus family exhibits a considerable amount of genetic variability driven both by mutation and recombination. Recently, three previously unknown human picornaviruses, namely the human Saffold cardiovirus, cosavirus and salivirus, have been identified in stools or respiratory samples from subjects presenting symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to acute flaccid paralysis. However, these viruses were also frequently detected in asymptomatic subjects and their clinical relevance remains to be elucidated. The Enterovirus genus is a prototype example of the Picornaviridae heterogeneity at both genetic and phenotypic levels. This genus is divided into 10 species, seven of which contain human viruses, including three Rhinovirus species. Both human rhino- and enteroviruses are also characterized by high levels of genetic variability, as exemplified by the existence of over 250 different serotypes and the recent discovery of new enterovirus genotypes and the Rhinovirus C species. Despite their common genomic features, rhinoviruses are restricted to the respiratory tract, whereas the vast majority of enteroviruses infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread to other organs, such as the heart or the central nervous system. Understanding the genetic determinants of such phenotypic diversity is an important challenge and a field for future investigation. Better characterization of these ubiquitous human pathogens may help to develop vaccines or antiviral treatments and to monitor the emergence of new strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Siegrist F, Otten-Hernandez P, Thomas Y, Farinelli L, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. P141 Viral genome sequencing and small RNA detection by next generation sequencing. Cytokine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cordey S, Petty TJ, Schibler M, Martinez Y, Gerlach D, van Belle S, Turin L, Zdobnov E, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. Identification of site-specific adaptations conferring increased neural cell tropism during human enterovirus 71 infection. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002826. [PMID: 22910880 PMCID: PMC3406088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most virulent enteroviruses, but the specific molecular features that enhance its ability to disseminate in humans remain unknown. We analyzed the genomic features of EV71 in an immunocompromised host with disseminated disease according to the different sites of infection. Comparison of five full-length genomes sequenced directly from respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous system, and blood specimens revealed three nucleotide changes that occurred within a five-day period: a non-conservative amino acid change in VP1 located within the BC loop (L97R), a region considered as an immunogenic site and possibly important in poliovirus host adaptation; a conservative amino acid substitution in protein 2B (A38V); and a silent mutation in protein 3D (L175). Infectious clones were constructed using both BrCr (lineage A) and the clinical strain (lineage C) backgrounds containing either one or both non-synonymous mutations. In vitro cell tropism and competition assays revealed that the VP1₉₇ Leu to Arg substitution within the BC loop conferred a replicative advantage in SH-SY5Y cells of neuroblastoma origin. Interestingly, this mutation was frequently associated in vitro with a second non-conservative mutation (E167G or E167A) in the VP1 EF loop in neuroblastoma cells. Comparative models of these EV71 VP1 variants were built to determine how the substitutions might affect VP1 structure and/or interactions with host cells and suggest that, while no significant structural changes were observed, the substitutions may alter interactions with host cell receptors. Taken together, our results show that the VP1 BC loop region of EV71 plays a critical role in cell tropism independent of EV71 lineage and, thus, may have contributed to dissemination and neurotropism in the immunocompromised patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Wunderli W, Meerbach A, Guengoer T, Berger C, Greiner O, Caduff R, Trkola A, Bossart W, Gerlach D, Schibler M, Cordey S, McKee TA, Van Belle S, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. Astrovirus infection in hospitalized infants with severe combined immunodeficiency after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27483. [PMID: 22096580 PMCID: PMC3214048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants with severe primary combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and children post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are extremely susceptible to unusual infections. The lack of generic tools to detect disease-causing viruses among more than 200 potential human viral pathogens represents a major challenge to clinicians and virologists. We investigated retrospectively the causes of a fatal disseminated viral infection with meningoencephalitis in an infant with gamma C-SCID and of chronic gastroenteritis in 2 other infants admitted for HSCT during the same time period. Analysis was undertaken by combining cell culture, electron microscopy and sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) techniques. Caco-2 cells inoculated with fecal samples developed a cytopathic effect and non-enveloped viral particles in infected cells were detected by electron microscopy. SISPA led to the identification of astrovirus as the pathogen. Both sequencing of the capsid gene and the pattern of infection suggested nosocomial transmission from a chronically excreting index case to 2 other patients leading to fatal infection in 1 and to transient disease in the others. Virus-specific, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was then performed on different stored samples to assess the extent of infection. Infection was associated with viremia in 2 cases and contributed to death in 1. At autopsy, viral RNA was detected in the brain and different other organs, while immunochemistry confirmed infection of gastrointestinal tissues. This report illustrates the usefulness of the combined use of classical virology procedures and modern molecular tools for the diagnosis of unexpected infections. It illustrates that astrovirus has the potential to cause severe disseminated lethal infection in highly immunocompromised pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Wunderli
- Division of Clinical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (WW); (CT)
| | - Astrid Meerbach
- Division of Clinical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tayfun Guengoer
- Division of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Greiner
- Division of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rosmarie Caduff
- Division of Pathology, University of Zurich Hospitals, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Division of Clinical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bossart
- Division of Clinical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gerlach
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schibler
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Emerging Viruses (CRIVE), University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Van Belle
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (WW); (CT)
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Jornot L, Cordey S, Caruso A, Gerber C, Vukicevic M, Tapparel C, Kaiser L, Burger D, Roosnek E, Lacroix JS, Rochat T. T lymphocytes promote the antiviral and inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26293. [PMID: 22022590 PMCID: PMC3194808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS T cells modulate the antiviral and inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells to human rhinoviruses (HRV). METHODS Differentiated primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) grown on collagen-coated filters were exposed apically to HRV14 for 6 h, washed thoroughly and co-cultured with anti-CD3/CD28 activated T cells added in the basolateral compartment for 40 h. RESULTS HRV14 did not induce IFNγ, NOS2, CXCL8 and IL-6 in HNEC, but enhanced expression of the T cell attractant CXCL10. On the other hand, HNEC co-cultured with activated T cells produced CXCL10 at a level several orders of magnitude higher than that induced by HRV14. Albeit to a much lower degree, activated T cells also induced CXCL8, IL-6 and NOS2. Anti-IFNγ antibodies and TNF soluble receptor completely blocked CXCL10 upregulation. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between epithelial CXCL10 mRNA expression and the amounts of IFNγ and TNF secreted by T cells. Likewise, increasing numbers of T cells to a constant number of HNEC in co-cultures resulted in increasing epithelial CXCL10 production, attaining a plateau at high IFNγ and TNF levels. Hence, HNEC activation by T cells is induced mainly by IFNγ and/or TNF. Activated T cells also markedly inhibited viral replication in HNEC, partially through activation of the nitric oxide pathway. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between T cells and HNEC results in activation of the latter and increases their contribution to airway inflammation and virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jornot
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Schibler M, Gerlach D, Martinez Y, Van Belle S, Turin L, Kaiser L, Tapparel C. Experimental human rhinovirus and enterovirus interspecies recombination. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:93-101. [PMID: 21940413 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.035808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and enteroviruses (HEVs), two important human pathogens, are non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses of the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. Intraspecies recombination is known as a driving force for enterovirus and, to a lesser extent, rhinovirus evolution. Interspecies recombination is much less frequent among circulating strains, and supporting evidence for such recombination is limited to ancestral events, as shown by recent phylogenetic analyses reporting ancient HRV-A/HRV-C, HEV-A/HEV-C and HEV-A/HEV-D recombination mainly at the 5'-untranslated region (5' UTR)-polyprotein junction. In this study, chimeric genomes were artificially generated using the 5' UTR from two different clinical HRV-C strains (HRV-Ca and HRV-Cc), an HRV-B strain (HRV-B37) and an HEV-A strain (HEV-A71), and the remaining part of the genome from an HRV-A strain (HRV-A16). Whilst the chimeric viruses were easily propagated in cell culture, the wild-type HRV-A16 retained a replication advantage, both individually and in competition experiments. Assessment of protein synthesis ability did not show a correlation between translation and replication efficiencies. These results reflect the interchangeability of the 5' UTR, including its functional RNA structural elements implicated in both genome translation and replication among different enterovirus species. The 5' UTR-polyprotein junction therefore represents a theoretic interspecies recombination breakpoint. This recombination potential is probably restricted by the need for co-infection opportunities and the requirement for the progeny chimera to outcompete the parental genomes' fitness, explaining the rare occurrence of such events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schibler
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gerlach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yannick Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Van Belle
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Lara Turin
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Soccal PM, Aubert JD, Bridevaux PO, Garbino J, Thomas Y, Rochat T, Rochat TS, Meylan P, Tapparel C, Kaiser L. Upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections and acute graft rejection in lung transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51:163-70. [PMID: 20524853 PMCID: PMC7107821 DOI: 10.1086/653529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplant recipients are frequently exposed to respiratory viruses and are particularly at risk for severe complications. The aim of this study was to assess the association among the presence of a respiratory virus detected by molecular assays in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, respiratory symptoms, and acute rejection in adult lung transplant recipients. METHODS Upper (nasopharyngeal swab) and lower (BAL) respiratory tract specimens from 77 lung transplant recipients enrolled in a cohort study and undergoing bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsies were screened using 17 different polymerase chain reaction-based assays. RESULTS BAL fluid and biopsy specimens from 343 bronchoscopic procedures performed in 77 patients were analyzed. We also compared paired nasopharyngeal and BAL fluid specimens collected in a subgroup of 283 cases. The overall viral positivity rate was 29.3% in the upper respiratory tract specimens and 17.2% in the BAL samples (P < .001). We observed a significant association between the presence of respiratory symptoms and positive viral detection in the lower respiratory tract (P = .012). Conversely, acute rejection was not associated with the presence of viral infection (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.88). The recovery of lung function was significantly slower when acute rejection and viral infection were both present. CONCLUSIONS A temporal relationship exists between acute respiratory symptoms and positive viral nucleic acid detection in BAL fluid from lung transplant recipients. We provide evidence suggesting that respiratory viruses are not associated with acute graft rejection during the acute phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Soccal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva.
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Simmonds P, McIntyre C, Savolainen-Kopra C, Tapparel C, Mackay IM, Hovi T. Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species C into genotypically assigned types. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2409-19. [PMID: 20610666 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.023994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are common respiratory pathogens associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections, but also increasingly recognized in the aetiology of severe lower respiratory tract disease. Wider use of molecular diagnostics has led to a recent reappraisal of HRV genetic diversity, including the discovery of HRV species C (HRV-C), which is refractory to traditional virus isolation procedures. Although it is heterogeneous genetically, there has to date been no attempt to classify HRV-C into types analogous to the multiple serotypes identified for HRV-A and -B and among human enteroviruses. Direct investigation of cross-neutralization properties of HRV-C is precluded by the lack of methods for in vitro culture, but sequences from the capsid genes (VP1 and partial VP4/VP2) show evidence for marked phylogenetic clustering, suggesting the possibility of a genetically based system comparable to that used for the assignment of new enterovirus types. We propose a threshold of 13% divergence for VP1 nucleotide sequences for type assignment, a level that classifies the current dataset of 86 HRV-C VP1 sequences into a total of 33 types. We recognize, however, that most HRV-C sequence data have been collected in the VP4/VP2 region (currently 701 sequences between positions 615 and 1043). We propose a subsidiary classification of variants showing > 10% divergence in VP4/VP2, but lacking VP1 sequences, to 28 provisionally assigned types (subject to confirmation once VP1 sequences are determined). These proposals will assist in future epidemiological and clinical studies of HRV-C conducted by different groups worldwide, and provide the foundation for future exploration of type-associated differences in clinical presentations and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simmonds
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, UK.
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Cordey S, Junier T, Gerlach D, Gobbini F, Farinelli L, Zdobnov EM, Winther B, Tapparel C, Kaiser L. Rhinovirus genome evolution during experimental human infection. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10588. [PMID: 20485673 PMCID: PMC2868056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) evolve rapidly due in part to their error-prone RNA polymerase. Knowledge of the diversity of HRV populations emerging during the course of a natural infection is essential and represents a basis for the design of future potential vaccines and antiviral drugs. To evaluate HRV evolution in humans, nasal wash samples were collected daily for five days from 15 immunocompetent volunteers experimentally infected with a reference stock of HRV-39. In parallel, HeLa-OH cells were inoculated to compare HRV evolution in vitro. Nasal wash in vivo assessed by real-time PCR showed a viral load that peaked at 48–72 h. Ultra-deep sequencing was used to compare the low-frequency mutation populations present in the HRV-39 inoculum in two human subjects and one HeLa-OH supernatant collected 5 days post-infection. The analysis revealed hypervariable mutation locations in VP2, VP3, VP1, 2C and 3C genes and conserved regions in VP4, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and 3D genes. These results were confirmed by classical sequencing of additional samples, both from inoculated volunteers and independent cell infections, and suggest that HRV inter-host transmission is not associated with a strong bottleneck effect. A specific analysis of the VP1 capsid gene of 15 human cases confirmed the high mutation incidence in this capsid region, but not in the antiviral drug-binding pocket. We could also estimate a mutation frequency in vivo of 3.4×10−4 mutations/nucleotides and 3.1×10−4 over the entire ORF and VP1 gene, respectively. In vivo, HRV generate new variants rapidly during the course of an acute infection due to mutations that accumulate in hot spot regions located at the capsid level, as well as in 2C and 3C genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tapparel C, Junier T, Gerlach D, Van-Belle S, Turin L, Cordey S, Mühlemann K, Regamey N, Aubert JD, Soccal PM, Eigenmann P, Zdobnov E, Kaiser L. New respiratory enterovirus and recombinant rhinoviruses among circulating picornaviruses. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:719-26. [PMID: 19402957 PMCID: PMC2687021 DOI: 10.3201/eid1505.081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased genomic diversity of these viruses is demonstrated. Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses are leading causes of respiratory infections. To evaluate genotypic diversity and identify forces shaping picornavirus evolution, we screened persons with respiratory illnesses by using rhinovirus-specific or generic real-time PCR assays. We then sequenced the 5′ untranslated region, capsid protein VP1, and protease precursor 3CD regions of virus-positive samples. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis identified the large genotypic diversity of rhinoviruses circulating in humans. We identified and completed the genome sequence of a new enterovirus genotype associated with respiratory symptoms and acute otitis media, confirming the close relationship between rhinoviruses and enteroviruses and the need to detect both viruses in respiratory specimens. Finally, we identified recombinants among circulating rhinoviruses and mapped their recombination sites, thereby demonstrating that rhinoviruses can recombine in their natural host. This study clarifies the diversity and explains the reasons for evolution of these viruses.
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Tapparel C, L'Huillier AG, Rougemont AL, Beghetti M, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Kaiser L. Pneumonia and pericarditis in a child with HRV-C infection: a case report. J Clin Virol 2009; 45:157-60. [PMID: 19427260 PMCID: PMC7108322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus type C is a recently discovered species that has been associated with respiratory tract infections of unusual severity in some cases. However, the precise type of diseases associated with this new human rhinovirus needs to be investigated. In the present report, we used adapted real-time PCR assays to screen different clinical specimens collected from a 14-month-old boy presenting an acute lower respiratory tract disease complicated by a severe pericarditis. RT-PCR identified picornavirus RNA in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimen, pericardial fluid, plasma and stools. This supported the existence of a disseminated viral infection that extended to the pericardial space. 5′UTR and VP1 sequence analysis performed directly from the BAL sample allowed genotyping of the virus as a human rhinovirus C. This observation highlights the need for adapted diagnostic tools and the potential for the new rhinovirus species C to cause complications, including pericarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tapparel
- Laboratory of Virology, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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