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Harris CM, Kim DY, Jordan CR, Miranda MI, Hellberg RS. DNA barcoding of herbal supplements on the US commercial market associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19. Phytochem Anal 2024. [PMID: 38225696 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased global use of traditional medicines, including Ayurvedic herbal preparations. Due to their growing demand, their processed nature, and the complexity of the global supply chain, there is an increased risk of adulteration in these products. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the use of DNA barcoding for species identification in herbal supplements on the US market associated with the Ayurvedic treatment of respiratory symptoms. METHODS A total of 54 commercial products containing Ayurvedic herbs were tested with four DNA barcoding regions (i.e., rbcL, matK, ITS2, and mini-ITS2) using two composite samples per product. Nine categories of herbs were targeted: amla, ashwagandha, cinnamon, ginger, guduchi, tribulus, tulsi, turmeric, and vacha. RESULTS At least one species was identified in 64.8% of products and the expected species was detected in 38.9% of products. Undeclared plant species, including other Ayurvedic herbs, rice, and pepper, were detected in 19 products, and fungal species were identified in 12 products. The presence of undeclared plant species may be a result of intentional substitution or contamination during harvest or processing, while fungal DNA was likely associated with the plant material or the growing environment. The greatest sequencing success (42.6-46.3%) was obtained with the matK and rbcL primers. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that a combination of genetic loci should be used for DNA barcoding of herbal supplements. Due to the limitations of DNA barcoding in identification of these products, future research should incorporate chemical characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin M Harris
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, One University Drive, Orange, California, USA
| | - Diane Y Kim
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, One University Drive, Orange, California, USA
| | - Chevon R Jordan
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, One University Drive, Orange, California, USA
| | - Miranda I Miranda
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, One University Drive, Orange, California, USA
| | - Rosalee S Hellberg
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, One University Drive, Orange, California, USA
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Wu C, Mulakaluri A, Chaurasia P, Suryanarayana S, Singh A, Krauss N, Tahir P, Elder C, Puthiyedath R, Dhruva A. A scoping review of Ayurvedic rasayana adaptogens in oncology. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100879. [PMID: 38301299 PMCID: PMC10847161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rasayanas are Ayurvedic natural products that have adaptogenic effects. The extensive research on rasayanas in oncology is not currently well summarized. The aim of this review is to investigate the range and nature of the current body of research, identify gaps in knowledge, and to summarize the existing literature as it relates to Ayurvedic rasayanas and oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search of fifteen Ayurvedic adaptogen rasayanas was conducted using three main concepts: Ayurvedic herbal terms, neoplasm terms, and oncological pathways. After screening was performed, key variables were extracted (tagged) including type of adaptogen, cancer type, type of study design, constituent type, and mechanisms of action (MOA). The results were synthesized and summarized using descriptive statistics and narrative summaries. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-four articles were reviewed and tagged. The two most tagged adaptogens were Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashthimadhu/licorice) (n = 166 (28.4 %)) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (n = 151 (25.9 %)). The most frequently tagged cancer diagnostic categories were gastrointestinal (n = 175 (30 %)), and breast (n = 126 (21 %)). Most of the articles focused on in vitro studies (n = 470 (80.3 %)). Of the 12 MOA tags, the most frequently tagged was apoptosis (n = 298 (29.2 %)). CONCLUSION A large body of pre-clinical literature exists on adaptogen rasayanas in oncology, indicating this field of research is still in its early phase. Comparatively few studies focused on the effects on the immune system. Given the growing interest in immuno-oncology therapeutics and the potential impact of adaptogen rasayanas on the immune system, future research may focus more in this area, along with work that is more directly linked to future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairn Wu
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Ashley Mulakaluri
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pranay Chaurasia
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sindhu Suryanarayana
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ambreen Singh
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicole Krauss
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Peggy Tahir
- UCSF Library, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Charles Elder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Anand Dhruva
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Stapelfeldt E, Berger B, Raak CK, Gupta S. Ayurveda for a Type 1 Diabetes Patient with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease: A Case Report. Complement Med Res 2023; 31:94-102. [PMID: 37944500 DOI: 10.1159/000534992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of Ayurvedic therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is well documented. For people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), there is little evidence on the applicability of Ayurvedic therapy. This case illustrates the course of Ayurvedic treatment in a person with T1D accompanied by peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). CASE PRESENTATION The patient had insulin-dependent T1D since the age of 6 years. At 39 years of age, he developed progressive bilateral PAOD of the femoral arteries. He presented claudication symptoms at a walking distance of 150 m. Ten surgical interventions for recanalization have been performed. The PAOD put heavy psychological strains on the patient. He developed moderate depression with anxiety and complained of tinnitus and sleep disturbances. Through an initial outpatient Ayurvedic treatment mainly focused on dietary, lifestyle changes and phytotherapeutics, and a subsequent 6-week inpatient Ayurvedic treatment in India, a weight reduction of 12 kg, a reduction in insulin requirement to 65% of baseline, as well as a walking performance without restriction at a medium load could be achieved. The depression and inner tension retreated, and one-sided tinnitus and existing sleep disturbances dissolved completely. The lasting effect was still perceptible 5 months after the inpatient stay. CONCLUSIONS For this person with T1D with PAOD, outpatient and inpatient Ayurvedic therapy could generate a significant improvement of his situation. The case demonstrates that people with T1D can benefit from using individualized Ayurvedic therapy. This case motivates to invest in Ayurvedic research for people with T1D and complications. Einleitung Die Wirkung der ayurvedischen Therapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) ist gut dokumentiert. Für Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (T1D) gibt es kaum Belege für die Anwendbarkeit der ayurvedischen Therapie. Dieser Fall veranschaulicht den Verlauf einer ayurvedischen Behandlung bei einer Person mit T1D, begleitet von einer peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK). Fallbericht Der Patient hatte seit seinem 6. Lebensjahr einen insulinabhängigen 'T1D'. Im Alter von 39 Jahren entwickelte er eine fortschreitende bilaterale periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) der Oberschenkelarterien. Bei einer Gehstrecke von 150 m zeigte er Claudicatio-Symptome. Es wurden 10 chirurgische Eingriffe zur Rekanalisation durchgeführt. Die pAVK stellte für den Patienten eine starke psychische Belastung dar. Er entwickelte eine mittelschwere Depression mit Angstzuständen und klagte über Tinnitus und Schlafstörungen. Durch eine erste ambulante ayurvedische Behandlung, die sich hauptsächlich auf Ernährungs-, Lebensstiländerungen und Phytotherapeutika konzentrierte, und eine anschließende 6-wöchige stationäre ayurvedische Behandlung in Indien wurde eine Gewichtsreduktion um 12 kg, eine Reduzierung des Insulinbedarfs auf 65% des Ausgangswerts sowie eine bedeutende Verbesserung der Gehstrecke erreicht. Die Depression und die innere Anspannung verschwanden, und der einseitige Tinnitus und bestehende Schlafstörungen lösten sich vollständig auf. Der nachhaltige Effekt war noch 5 Monate nach dem stationären Aufenthalt spürbar. Schlussfolgerungen Für diese Person mit T1D mit pAVK konnte eine ambulante und stationäre ayurvedische Therapie eine deutliche Verbesserung der Situation bewirken. Der Fall zeigt, dass Menschen mit T1D von einer individualisierten ayurvedischen Therapie profitieren können. Dieser Fall motiviert dazu, in die ayurvedische Forschung für Menschen mit T1D und Komplikationen zu investieren.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Berger
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten-Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Christa K Raak
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten-Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Aksoy GK, Koyun M, Çomak E, Akman S. Severe anemia and massive proteinuria in a boy with diabetes mellitus: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2997-2999. [PMID: 37084136 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Kaya Aksoy
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Koyun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
| | - Sema Akman
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
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Aksoy GK, Koyun M, Çomak E, Akman S. Severe anemia and massive proteinuria in a boy with diabetes mellitus: Questions. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2995-2996. [PMID: 37084135 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Kaya Aksoy
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Koyun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
| | - Sema Akman
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
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Jordan CR, Harris CM, Miranda MI, Kim DY, Hellberg RS. Labeling compliance and online claims for Ayurvedic herbal supplements on the U.S. market associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19. Food Control 2023; 148:109673. [PMID: 36778101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumers increased their use of supplements that claimed to support immune health, including Ayurvedic preparations. The goal of this study was to analyze labeling compliance and online claims for Ayurvedic herbal supplements associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19. The physical product labels for 51 herbal supplements labeled as ginger, tulsi/holy basil, amla, vacha/calamus root, guduchi/giloy, cinnamon, ashwagandha, tribulus, or turmeric were assessed for U.S. regulatory compliance. Disease claims, structure/function claims, and general well-being claims were also examined. The online listings for products purchased online (n = 42) were examined for claims and for the presence of the required legal disclaimer. Collectively, 61% of products had at least one instance of noncompliance on the physical label. The most common violations included missing/noncompliant disclaimer (33%), noncompliant "Supplement Facts" label (29%), noncompliant statement of identity (27%) and noncompliant domestic mailing address or phone number (25%). Structure/function claims occurred more frequently in the online product listings (average of 5 claims per product) compared to the physical labels (average of 2 claims per product). Disease claims were observed for 38% of online product listings and on 8% of physical labels. The use of disease claims on herbal supplements is a significant concern for public health because it may lead consumers to delay seeking professional treatment for life-threatening diseases. Overall, this study revealed a lack of labeling compliance among Ayurvedic herbal supplements and a need for greater scrutiny and monitoring of online product listings.
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Jalal K, Khan K, Hayat A, Alnasser SM, Meshal A, Basharat Z. Pan-Genomics of Escherichia albertii for Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Different Genome Fractions and Natural Product Mediated Intervention: In Silico Approach. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36836896 DOI: 10.3390/life13020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging, enteric pathogen of significance. It was first isolated in 2003 from a pediatric diarrheal sample from Bangladesh. In this study, a comprehensive in silico strategy was followed to first list out antibiotic-resistant genes from core, accessory and unique genome fractions of 95 available genomes of E. albertii. Then, 56 drug targets were identified from the core essential genome. Finally, ZipA, an essential cell division protein that stabilizes the FtsZ protofilaments by cross-linking them and serves as a cytoplasmic membrane anchor for the Z ring, was selected for further downstream processing. It was computationally modeled using a threading approach, followed by virtual screening of two phytochemical libraries, Ayurvedic (n = 2103 compounds) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 36,043 compounds). ADMET profiling, followed by PBPK modeling in the central body compartment, in a population of 250 non-diseased, 250 cirrhotic and 250 renally impaired people was attempted. ZINC85624912 from Chinese medicinal library showed the highest bioavailability and plasma retention. This is the first attempt to simulate the fate of natural products in the body through PBPK. Dynamics simulation of 20 ns for the top three compounds from both libraries was also performed to validate the stability of the compounds. The obtained information from the current study could aid wet-lab scientists to work on the scaffold of screened drug-like compounds from natural resources and could be useful in our quest for therapy against antibiotic-resistant E. albertii.
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Horiuchi T, Narimatsu K, Hokari R. Imported Ayurvedic Medicine and Lead Poisoning. Intern Med 2022; 61:3313. [PMID: 35342137 PMCID: PMC9683814 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9178-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Narimatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Japan
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Aldakheel RK, Gondal MA, Alsayed HN, Almessiere MA, Nasr MM, Shemsi AM. Rapid Determination and Quantification of Nutritional and Poisonous Metals in Vastly Consumed Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine (Rejuvenator Shilajit) by Humans Using Three Advanced Analytical Techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4199-4216. [PMID: 34800280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Shilajit is used commonly as Ayurvedic medicine worldwide which is Rasayana herbo-mineral substance and consumed to restore the energetic balance and to prevent diseases like cognitive disorders and Alzheimer. Locally, Shilajit is applied for patients diagnosed with bone fractures. For safety of the patients, the elemental analysis of Shilajit is imperative to evaluate its nutritional quality as well as contamination from heavy metals. The elemental composition of Shilajit was conducted using three advanced analytical techniques (LIBS, ICP, and EDX). For the comparative studies, the two Shilajit kinds mostly sold globally produced in India and Pakistan were collected. Our main focus is to highlight nutritional eminence and contamination of heavy metals to hinge on Shilajit therapeutic potential. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Shilajit. Our LIBS analysis revealed that Shilajit samples composed of several elements like Ca, S, K, Mg, Al, Na, Sr, Fe, P, Si, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Se, and Ti. Indian and Pakistani Shilajits were highly enriched with Ca, S, and K nutrients and contained Al, Sr, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Pb, As, and Hg toxins in amounts that exceeded the standard permissible limit. Even though the content of most elements was comparable among both Shilajits, nutrients, and toxins, in general, were accentuated more in Indian Shilajit with the sole detection of Hg and Ti. The elemental quantification was done using self-developed calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) method, and LIBS results are in well agreement with the concentrations determined by standard ICP-OES/MS method. To verify our results by LIBS and ICP-OES/MS techniques, EDX spectroscopy was also conducted which confirmed the presence above mentioned elements. This work is highly significant for creating awareness among people suffering due to overdose of this product and save many human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Aldakheel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department, IRC-Hydrogen & Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan N Alsayed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Nasr
- Physics Department, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box 321815, Riyadh, 11343, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Shemsi
- Center for Environment and Marine Study, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Naren T, Silkoff D, Forsythe M, Cook J. Case series on treatment of dependence to Kamini Vidrawan Ras with opioid substitution therapy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1408-1411. [PMID: 35711156 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A cohort of clients was recognised attending an addiction medicine clinic with similar presentations of opioid dependence from use of a rarely known Ayurvedic medication in a specific ethnic community. This retrospective case series was completed to promote wider recognition and further understanding of dependence on Kamini Vidrawan Ras (Kamini). METHODS A retrospective file audit of the electronic medical record for clients of an addiction medicine outpatient clinic with a history of dependent use of Kamini identified 12 clients meeting inclusion criteria. RESULTS All 12 clients were male, aged 27-41 years, all but one of north Indian origin, predominantly employed and predominantly (but not exclusively) without significant other substance use history. All 12 clients were treated with opioid substitution therapy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This case series highlights an opioid dependence syndrome resulting from use of an Ayurvedic medicine by men from a specific area of India, highlighting a potential adverse effect of traditional medicines in ongoing use by migrant and ethnic populations that have emigrated to Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Silkoff
- Drug Health Services, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jon Cook
- Drug Health Services, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Thakar A, Panara K, Goyal M, Kumari R, Sungchol K. Impact of AYUSH interventions on COVID-19: a protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2022; 10:674. [PMID: 35186267 PMCID: PMC8822137 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55109.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a great burden on governments and the medical fraternity globally. Many clinical studies from the Indian system of Traditional Medicines [Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH)] have been carried out to find appropriate solutions. Through a living systematic review and meta-analysis, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Traditional System of Indian Medicine (AYUSH system) in lowering the incidence, duration, and severity of COVID-19. Methods: We will search the following databases: Pubmed; the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL); the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI); Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA); AYUSH research portal; Google scholar and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database. Clinical improvement, WHO ordinal scale, viral clearance, incidences of COVID-19 infection, and mortality will be considered as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be use of O2 therapy or mechanical ventilator, admission to high dependency unit or emergency unit, duration of hospitalization, the time to symptom resolution, and adverse events. Data will be synthesized, with RevMan 5.4 tool and the risk of bias will be assessed with RoB 2 (for RCTs) and ROBINS I (for NRSIs). Certainty of evidence will be assessed through the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) tool. The review will be updated bi-monthly with two updates. Conclusion: This living systematic review will be the first to address AYUSH interventions in COVID-19, synthesizing the full spectrum of Indian Traditional System of Medicine against COVID-19. It will facilitate professionals, guideline developers, and authorities with up to date synthesis on interventions periodically to make health-care decisions on AYUSH therapies in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Thakar
- Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
| | - Kalpesh Panara
- Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
| | - Mandip Goyal
- Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
| | - Ritu Kumari
- Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
| | - Kim Sungchol
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the South East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India
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Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Shahrokhi M, Shirazpour S. Protective Roles of Shilajit in Modulating Resistin, Adiponectin, and Cytokines in Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:531-537. [PMID: 35258780 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Shilajit, a medicine of Ayurveda, on the serum changes in cytokines and adipokines caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS After establishing fatty liver models by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, 35 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control (standard diet), Veh (HFD + vehicle), high-dose Shilajit [H-Sh, HFD + 250 mg/(kg·d) Shilajit], low-dose Shilajit [L-Sh, HFD + 150 mg/(kg·d) Shilajit], and pioglitazone [HFD + 10 mg/(kg·d) pioglitazone] groups, 7 rats in each group. After 2-week of gavage administration, serum levels of glucose, insulin, interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and resistin were measured, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. RESULTS After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1β, TNF-α levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0.05). Increases in serum glucose level and homeostasis model of HOMA-IR were reduced by L-Sh and H-Sh treatment in NAFLD rats (P<0.05). Both doses of Shilajit increased adiponectin and decreased serum resistin levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The probable protective role of Shilajit in NAFLD model rats may be via modulating the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, adipokine and resistin, and reducing of HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Ghezelbash
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahrokhi
- Department of Medical Science, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 713414336, Iran
| | - Sara Shirazpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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Singh RS, Singh A, Kaur H, Batra G, Sarma P, Kaur H, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma AR, Kumar S, Upadhyay S, Tiwari V, Avti P, Prakash A, Medhi B. Promising traditional Indian medicinal plants for the management of novel Coronavirus disease: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4456-4484. [PMID: 34132429 PMCID: PMC8441711 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Indian medical practices (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and homeopathy) are a vast reservoir of knowledge about medicinal plants. The promising pharmacological properties of these plants have paved the way for developing therapy against novel Coronavirus (CoV) infection. The current review will summarize published works of literature on the effects of traditional Indian medicinal plants against acute respiratory infection (COVID‐19, SARS, Influenza, and Respiratory syncytial virus infection) and registered clinical trials of traditional Indian herbal medicines in COVID‐19. The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate the data of traditional Indian medicinal plants to warrant their use in COVID‐19 management. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched along with different clinical trial databases. A total of 22 relevant traditional Indian medicinal plants (35 relevant studies) were included in the current study having potential antiviral properties against virus‐induced respiratory illness along with promising immunomodulatory and thrombolytic properties. Further, 36 randomized and nonrandomized registered clinical trials were also included that were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of herbal plants or their formulations in COVID‐19 management. The antiviral, immunomodulatory, and thrombolytic activities of the traditional Indian medicinal plants laid down a strong rationale for their use in developing therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The study identified some important potential traditional Indian medicinal herbs such as Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tinospora cordifolia, Achyranthes bidentata, Cinnamomum cassia, Cydonia oblonga, Embelin ribes, Justicia adhatoda, Momordica charantia, Withania somnifera, Zingiber officinale, Camphor, and Kabusura kudineer, which could be used in therapeutic strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Soloman Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anusuya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sujata Upadhyay
- Department of Physilogy, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Campus, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Tietel Z, Ananth DA, Sivasudha T, Klipcan L. Metabolomics of Cassia Auriculata Plant Parts (Leaf, Flower, Bud) and Their Antidiabetic Medicinal Potentials. OMICS 2021; 25:294-301. [PMID: 33904794 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic disease where therapeutics innovation is much needed. The search for novel antidiabetic molecules can be greatly facilitated by high throughput metabolomic characterization of herbal medicines. Cassia auriculata is a shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine and native to India and Sri Lanka. While C. auriculata has been used as a medicinal herb in diabetes, the molecular evidence for its antidiabetic medicinal potentials and components needs to be established. Moreover, the phytocomposition of the various plant parts is not fully known. We report a comprehensive metabolomic gas chromatography mass spectrometry study of the C. auriculata plant parts, including the leaf, flower, and bud. We identified a total of 102 primary and secondary metabolites in seven chemical groups, including amino acids (AA), carboxylic acids, nucleosides, fatty acids, among others. Interestingly, plant parts differed in their metabolomic signatures. While in the flowers and leaves nine and six AA were identified, respectively, no AA was detected in the buds. Some of the identified compounds have been previously noted for their antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. These findings offer a concrete metabolomic basis on the phytocomposition of individual C. auriculata plant parts. These omics data call for future research on the function of the identified compounds, and clinical studies to further evaluate their antidiabetic potentials and mechanisms of action in the clinic. Finally, we note that plant omics research offers an important avenue to inform, verify, and strengthen the evidentiary base and clinical testing of herbs with medicinal potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liron Klipcan
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
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16
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Bungau S, Vesa CM, Abid A, Behl T, Tit DM, Purza AL, Pasca B, Todan LM, Endres L. Withaferin A-A Promising Phytochemical Compound with Multiple Results in Dermatological Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:2407. [PMID: 33919088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases. In drug chemistry, WFA in silico approaches have identified favorite biological targets, stimulating and accelerating research to evaluate its pharmacological activity—numerous anticancer effects manifested in various organs (breast, pancreas, skin, colon, etc.), antivirals, anti-infective, etc., which are not yet sufficiently explored. This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant specialized papers in the field that are focused on the use of WFA in dermatological diseases, describing its mechanism of action while providing, at the same time, details about the results of its testing in in vitro/in vivo studies.
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17
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Kumari R, Kumar R, Rai A, Rai AK. Evaluation of Na and K in anti-diabetic ayurvedic medicine using LIBS. Lasers Med Sci 2021. [PMID: 33755860 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is a challenging issue, and to control diabetes, a large population is lining toward ayurvedic medicine. In the present study, four brands of anti-diabetic ayurvedic medicines, along with a home remedy, are analyzed using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) technique. The study is carried out to know the elements responsible for glycemic potential. The laser-induced breakdown (LIB) spectra elucidate the presence of organic and inorganic elements like Al, Ba, C, Ca, Cu, Fe, H, K, Mg, N, Na, O, Si, Sr, Zn, and the molecular band of CN molecule in medicines. LIBS result also reveals Na and K's distinct concentration, which plays a vital role in diabetes management. The presence of the CN band and organic elements indicate the presence of organic molecular compositions in medicines. For confirmation of organic composition in the drugs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been performed. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the LIBS data of the medicines has been used for instant discrimination based on their elemental/molecular compositions.
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18
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Karousatos CM, Lee JK, Braxton DR, Fong TL. Case series and review of Ayurvedic medication induced liver injury. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:91. [PMID: 33714265 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine use among Americans is prevalent. Originating in India, Ayurvedic medicine use in the United States has grown 57% since 2002. CAM accounts for a significant proportion of drug induced liver injury in India and China, but there have been only three reports of drug induced liver injury from Ayurvedic medications in the U.S. We report three cases of suspected Ayurvedic medication associated liver injury seen at a Southern California community hospital and review literature of Ayurvedic medication induced liver injury. Case presentations Three patients presented with acute hepatocellular injury and jaundice after taking Ayurvedic supplements for 90–120 days. First patient took Giloy Kwath consisting solely of Tinospora cordifolia. Second patient took Manjishthadi Kwatham and Aragwadhi Kwatham, which contained 52 and 10 individual plant extracts, respectively. Third patient took Kanchnar Guggulu, containing 10 individual plant extracts. Aminotransferase activities decreased 50% in < 30 days and all 3 patients made a full recovery. Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) scores were 7–8, indicating probable causality. These products all contained ingredients in other Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicines with previously reported associations with drug induced liver injury. Conclusions These patients highlight the risk of drug induced liver injury from Ayurvedic medications and the complexity of determining causality. There is a need for a platform like LiverTox.gov to catalog Ayurvedic ingredients causing liver damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03251-z.
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Abstract
It is common to hear a general statement that Ayurveda lacks scientific evidence. By scientific evidence, it is commonly referred to results of human clinical trials undertaken adoring those applied to pharmaceuticals, involving randomized controlled trials (RCT), either a placebo or active controlled. This paper explores the actual situation related to practice of Ayurveda, use of medicines, application of therapies, and the individual dravyas (ingredients). It gives few examples and availability of large body of scientific data in this area. The study, however, does not discuss the reasons and problems of conducting RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Anantha Narayana
- Ayurvidye Trust, 1101/927, 1 F Main, 2nd Stage, Girinagar, Bangalore 560085, India.
| | - Sharanbasappa Durg
- H. No. 19-5-244/15, Ganachari Layout, Near Lumbini Nagar, Naubad, Bidar 585402, India
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20
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Woolley J, Gibbons T, Patel K, Sacco R. The effect of oil pulling with coconut oil to improve dental hygiene and oral health: A systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04789. [PMID: 32923724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coconut oil is a cheap and accessible oil for many people around the world. There are numerous advocates for the practice of oil pulling to prevent common oral diseases. Therefore determining the effectiveness of oil pulling with coconut oil could potentially have monumental benefits. This review aimed to assess the effect of oil pulling with coconut oil in improving oral health and dental hygiene. Data We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of oil pulling with coconut oil on improving oral health and dental hygiene. No meta-analysis was performed due to the clinical heterogeneity and differences in the reporting of data among the included studies. Sources Six electronic databases were screened: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Study selection Electronic searches yielded 42 eligible studies, of which four RCTs including 182 participants were included. The studies lasted between 7 and 14 days. Significant differences were demonstrated for a reduction in salivary bacterial colony count (p = 0.03) and plaque index score (p=<0.001). One study also demonstrated a significant difference in staining compared to using Chlorhexidine (p = 0.0002). However, data was insufficient for conclusive findings, the quality of studies was mixed and risk of bias was high. Conclusion The limited evidence suggests that oil pulling with coconut oil may have a beneficial effect on improving oral health and dental hygiene. Future clinical trials are of merit considering the universal availability of the intervention. Prospective research should have a robust design with rigorous execution to provide a higher quality of evidence. Clinical significance Oil pulling with coconut oil could be used as a adjunct to normal preventative regimes to improve oral health and dental hygiene although further studies are needed to determine the level of effectiveness.
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21
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Abstract
Hinduism is one of the five major world religions with >1 billion followers worldwide and encompasses a diversity of belief systems. As of 2010, an estimated 1.8 million Hindus lived in the United States, and this number is expected to increase to 4.8 million by 2050, making the United States home to the largest Hindu population outside of South Asia. As this population continues to grow, it will become increasingly important that clinicians of all disciplines develop a basic understanding of their beliefs and practices to address their palliative care needs. This article highlights 10 considerations for Hindu patients and their families relevant to inpatient care, symptom management, and advance care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushil V Patel
- Supportive Care Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Viraj R Patel
- The University of Chicago Divinity School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Arif H Kamal
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Judith E Nelson
- Supportive Care Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Critical Care Service, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Rajapakse S, Giardino MA, Kulasekara HD, Darveau RP, Chang AM. An Ayurvedic Herbal Extract Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Disrupts Preformed Biofilms in vitro. J Tradit Med Clin Naturop 2020; 9:291. [PMID: 33604521 PMCID: PMC7889019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudantha® (SUD), a natural proprietary mixture of herbal extracts that has been incorporated into toothpaste, has been shown in two separate placebo controlled human clinical studies to promote gingival health; and reduce gingival bleeding and plaque formation. However, the herbal based anti-gingivitis mechanisms of Sudantha are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Sudantha on dental plaque biofilms by investigating its effect on mono-culture biofilms of a primary colonizer, Streptococcus mutans, in vitro. RESULTS This study found that SUD contributes to the maintenance of oral health through the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. In addition, SUD disrupted preformed S. mutans biofilms after exposure to SUD for 4 hours. Together, this pilot data suggests the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation and disruption represents one potential mechanism by which the herbal extract is able to reduce the oral bacterial biofilm resulting in its effective against gingivitis and its potential use in countering biofilm associated oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunethra Rajapakse
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael A Giardino
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Richard P Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana M Chang
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author: Ana M Chang, Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,
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Paudyal B, Thapa A, Sigdel KR, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Adverse events with ayurvedic medicines- possible adulteration and some inherent toxicities. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:23. [PMID: 31641694 PMCID: PMC6790910 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15096.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ayurvedic medicine, a traditional system of medicine practiced in the Indian subcontinent is considered to be devoid of adverse events. We report three cases which highlight the possibility of adverse events related with the use of ayurvedic products. A 35 year old woman with hepatitis took ayurvedic powder medicine and swarnabhasma (gold salt) and had her liver injury worsened, possibly due to alkaloids, and developed nephrotic syndrome, possibly due to gold salt. A 57 year old hypertensive man was taking ayurvedic medicine containing reserpine which had long been withdrawn from the allopathic system of medicine due to wide range of side effects. A 47 year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis was taking an unknown tablet containing steroid as an adulterant for 2 years and developed side effects typical of steroid excess. We would like to highlight the fact that ayurvedic medicines do have propensity to cause adverse events due to adulteration or inherent constituents like alkaloids, and hence may not always be completely safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi Paudyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Astha Thapa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Sigdel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sudeep Adhikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
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24
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Inthima P, Sujipuli K. Improvement of growth and bacoside production in Bacopa monnieri through induced autotetraploidy with colchicine. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7966. [PMID: 31667019 PMCID: PMC6816379 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal herb that is increasing in demand in Thailand. However, the lack of high-bacoside cultivars has limited pharmaceutical utilization and production. Here, chromosome doubling in B. monnieri was attempt to improve biomass and bacoside content in its seedling. Nodal segments were treated with colchicine (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.5% w/v) for 24 or 48 h before transferring to multiple shoot induction medium (1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L−1 BAP). Of 326 tested clones, 18 and 84 were mixoploids and autotetraploids, respectively. The highest autotetraploid-induction percentage (14.6%) was found after treated with 0.5% (w/v) colchicine, and 48 hours exposure. From 28 selected autotetraploid clones, 21 and 13 have significantly higher fresh and dry weight compared to the diploid clone, respectively. The maximum fresh and dry weight of autotetraploid plants was 2.8 and 2.0-time higher than diploid plants, respectively. Moreover, the maximum total bacoside content (1.55 mg plant−1) was obtained from an autotetraploid plant, which was 2.3-fold higher than the level in diploid plants. These novel autotetraploids have the potential to be developed as resources for value-added improvements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phithak Inthima
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kawee Sujipuli
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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25
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Keosaian J, Venkatesh T, D'Amico S, Gardiner P, Saper R. Blood Lead Levels of Children Using Traditional Indian Medicine and Cosmetics: A Feasibility Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956119870988. [PMID: 31489260 PMCID: PMC6709437 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119870988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Indian cosmetics and Ayurvedic medicines may contain lead. Previous studies have shown a relationship between eye cosmetic use (kohl) in children and elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) > 10 µg/dL. However, an association between Ayurvedic use and elevated BLLs in children is unknown and understudied. Methods We assessed the feasibility of collecting BLLs in children attending Ayurvedic outpatient settings in India. Our pilot study took place over 3 days in the summer of 2010 at a large public Ayurveda hospital and a small pediatric clinic in southern India. Using a trained interpreter, we administered a standardized questionnaire in Malayalam, assessing sociodemographics, Ayurvedic medicine use, kohl use, and other potential risk factors for lead exposure, to parents of pediatric outpatients. We also analyzed BLLs using a portable lead analyzer. Results The study enrolled 29 children (mean age, 3.8 years). The mean BLL was 6.7 µg/dL (SD = 3.5; range, 3.5-20.2). Seventy-two percent of the children used Ayurvedic medicine in the past 2 years and 55% reported kohl use. Mean BLL of Ayurvedic users and nonusers was 6.2 µg/dL and 8.5 µg/dL, respectively (P = .08). Kohl users had a statistically significant higher BLL than nonusers (8.0 µg/dL vs 5.3 µg/dL, P = .03). Conclusions It is feasible to collect BLLs in pediatric Ayurvedic outpatient clinics in southern India. Collaborative relationships with community members and hospital staff were essential. Further research is needed to investigate Ayurveda and kohl use as risk factors for elevated lead burden among Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Keosaian
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thuppil Venkatesh
- National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Salvatore D'Amico
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Gardiner
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Saper
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Leoni A, Budriesi R, Poli F, Lianza M, Graziadio A, Venturini A, Broccoli M, Micucci M. Ayurvedic preparation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe: effects on cardiac and on smooth muscle parameters. Nat Prod Res 2018; 32:2139-2146. [PMID: 28846029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1367779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe, a biennial herb growing in South Asia, is commonly known as ginger. Ginger is used in clinical disorders, such as constipation, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting and its use is also recommended by the traditional medicine for cardiopathy, high blood pressure, palpitations and as a vasodilator to improve the circulation. The decoction of ginger rhizome is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. In this papery by high-performance liquid chromatography, we have seen that its main phytomarkers were 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 6-shogaol and we report the effects of the decoction of ginger rhizome on cardiovascular parameters and on vascular and intestinal smooth muscle. In our experimental models, the decoction of ginger shows weak negative inotropic and chronotropic intrinsic activities but a significant intrinsic activity on smooth muscle with a potency on ileum is greater than on aorta: EC50 = 0.66 mg/mL versus EC50 = 1.45 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Leoni
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessandra Graziadio
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alice Venturini
- b Educational Laboratory ex Lolli Hospital, School of Farmacy , Biotechnology and Sport Science , Imola , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Broccoli
- b Educational Laboratory ex Lolli Hospital, School of Farmacy , Biotechnology and Sport Science , Imola , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- a Department of Farmacy and Biotecnology , AlmaMater Studiorum- University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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Tarasiuk A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. Triphala: current applications and new perspectives on the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chin Med 2018; 13:39. [PMID: 30034512 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ayurvedic medicine is based on natural healing methods that use herbal medicine to cleanse the body of toxins and to attain physical and mental regeneration. Triphala (TLP) is one of the most important ayurvedic supplements and is believed to have a beneficial effect on the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Purpose We aim to summarize available literature focused on the components of TLP (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Phyllanthus emblica) and discusse their effectiveness and therapeutic value for improving lower GI symptoms in functional GI disorders, particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods This study is based on pertinent papers that were retrieved by a selective search using relevant keywords in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Results The components of TLP are believed to cause restoration of the epithelium lining of the digestive tract, and by exhibiting mild laxative properties facilitate passage of stool in the colon. TLP is rich in polyphenols, vitamin C and flavonoids, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It also contains various types of acids, such as gallic, chebulagic and chebulinic, which additionally possess cytoprotective and antifungal properties. Conclusion Triphala holds potential in improving lower GI symptoms and may be a valuable and effective addition to standard treatment of IBS. Supplementation of TLP herbal formulations alone or along with other probiotics can be recommended in ongoing clinical studies.
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Singhal S, Roy V. Awareness, practice and views about integrating AYUSH in allopathic curriculum of allopathic doctors and interns in a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. J Integr Med 2018. [PMID: 29526234 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitude, perception and practice of Ayurveda, yoga, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and naturopathy (AYUSH) among allopathic doctors and interns and determine their opinion regarding integration of AYUSH education within the allopathic curriculum. METHODS This prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching Hospital, New Delhi, India, from March 2016 to March 2017. A survey of 500 allopathic doctors and 150 interns was performed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS A majority of doctors (95.2%) were aware of the term AYUSH and had knowledge of yoga (70.6%), homeopathy (55.6%), Ayurveda (50.3%), Siddha (47.8%), naturopathy (32.9%) and Unani (28.9%). Most of the participants (63.0%) felt that therapies under AYUSH are effective. A majority (84.0%) of the doctors were of the view that more research is required in the field of AYUSH. While homeopathy (44.0%) was the most common system used by doctors for themselves, yoga was the therapy most commonly (60.0%) recommended to patients. Nearly half of the doctors (46.7%) recommended AYUSH to their patients, mainly for chronic illness (74.0%). A majority (77.5%) of the respondents agreed that students of allopathic medicine should be familiarized with AYUSH. The modes of incorporation of AYUSH into the medical curriculum most commonly suggested by respondents were optional courses (54.5%) and introductory lectures (42.3%). CONCLUSION Doctors and interns of allopathic medicine are aware of AYUSH systems. They use it for themselves and recommend it to patients. They believe that familiarization of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students with AYUSH therapies and their integration with allopathic medicine may help in improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Singhal
- Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Vandana Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India.
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Mangal A, Shubhasree MN, Devi P, Jadhav AD, Prasad SA, Kumar K, Otta S, Dhiman KS. Clinical evaluation of Vatari guggulu, Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila in the management of osteoarthritis knee. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 8:200-204. [PMID: 28757225 PMCID: PMC5607387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In present era, pharmacological, bio-chemical and surgical interventions are not success remedy for Osteoarthritis (OA). Ayurveda and other complementary medicine have medication for OA. OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic combination of Vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila with gentle massage for 15 min daily up to 12 weeks on affected knee joint pain assessed on Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS It was an open label, multicentre, prospective, clinical study conducted on 142 patients of OA Knee. Vatari guggulu 500 mg thrice in a day along with Maharasnadi kwatha 20 ml with equal amount of water twice daily and Narayan taila 20 ml twice in a day for external application with gentle massage for 15 min up to 12 weeks were used to all the study participants. RESULTS VAS, WOMAC score and clinical symptoms were reduced significantly from baseline to end of the treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study provides good evidence in support of the efficacy and safety of the Vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila in the management of Osteoarthritis knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mangal
- National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development (NRIASHRD), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - M N Shubhasree
- National Ayurveda Dietetics Research Institute (NADRI), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramila Devi
- Achanta Lakshmipati Research Centre for Ayurveda (ALCRA), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - A D Jadhav
- National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development (NRIASHRD), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sai A Prasad
- National Ayurveda Dietetics Research Institute (NADRI), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kisore Kumar
- Achanta Lakshmipati Research Centre for Ayurveda (ALCRA), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Sarada Otta
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi, India
| | - K S Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi, India
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Stranieri A, Butler-Henderson K, Sahama T, Perera PK, Da Silva JL, Pelonio D, Manjunath SS, Raghavachar D. A visual grid to digitally record an Ayurvedic Prakriti assessment; a first step toward integrated electronic health records. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:264-268. [PMID: 28417095 PMCID: PMC5388077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stranieri
- Centre for Informatics and Applied Optimisation, Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| | - Kerryn Butler-Henderson
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, Tasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1317, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Tony Sahama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001 Australia
| | | | - Jonas Lima Da Silva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001 Australia
| | - Danwin Pelonio
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001 Australia
| | - Sai Suman Manjunath
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001 Australia
| | - Dharini Raghavachar
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001 Australia
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Yoshida Y, Alim MA, Alam Z, Asaduzzaman M, Yoshida Y, Manikdrs S. Perception and attitude of medical doctors in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with regard to Ayurvedic medicine. Nagoya J Med Sci 2017; 79:55-64. [PMID: 28303062 PMCID: PMC5346621 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014–2023) aimed to help member states promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine. While economic conditions have markedly improved in Bangladesh, the country is experiencing significant public health problems. Because of limited medical resources, there is a strong incentive to enhance complementary and alternative medicine usage in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the perceptions and attitudes of medical doctors (MDs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with regard to Ayurvedic medicine (AM). A total number of 159 MDs in Dhaka were interviewed by face-to-face between February and June 2015. The study revealed that 62.0% of MDs had treated patients with AM and 55.3% believed that AM should be regarded as its own specialty, whereas 39.7% of MDs believed that AM should be part of the conventional medical curriculum and 32.7% thought that AM did not seem scientific. In terms of gender, 45.3% of male MDs agreed or strongly agreed that AM only had a placebo effect. On the other hand, 65.8% of female MDs disagreed or strongly disagreed it. In terms of age, 77.0% of MDs aged 36 or elder (elder MDs) believed they were more likely to recommend AM use and 80.3% of elder MDs believed that the government should encourage more initiatives to promote AM. To enhance AM use, scientifically robust information on the efficacy, safety and scientific basis of AM should be more effectively conveyed to male MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitoku Yoshida
- Faculty of Nursing, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Japan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Alam
- Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Asaduzzaman
- National Tuberculosis Control Program, Directorate General of Health Services, Leprosy Hospital Compound, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Ayurveda is one of the world's oldest medical sciences, with a history that goes back more than 5,000 years. The knowledge of Ayurveda has at various times had an impact on a number of branches of medicine: From ancient Greek medicine in the West to the Chinese and Tibetan in the East. Ayurveda continues to retain its prominent position in our modern world, being officially recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and enjoying great popularity in the US, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. In India, Ayurveda is recognised by conventional medicine on a par with modern medical science. In the Soviet Union a strong interest in Ayurveda arose for the first time after the Chernobyl disaster, and since then Ayurveda has been actively developing in Russia. In this article we present the chronology of the development of Ayurvedic medicine in Russia since 1989, explore academic literature on the subject available in Russian and review the existing Ayurvedic products and services offered on the Russian market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Vladimirovich Ragozin
- Department of Ayurveda, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Gbinigie O, Onakpoya I, Spencer E, McCall MacBain M, Heneghan C. Effect of oil pulling in promoting oro dental hygiene: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2016; 26:47-54. [PMID: 27261981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To critically appraise and evaluate the evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effectiveness of oil pulling on oro dental hygiene. METHODS We conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase, Amed, The Cochrane Library and Cinahl databases from inception to February 2015, and assessed reporting quality using the Cochrane risk of bias criteria. We included RCTs that compared oil pulling using conventional cooking oils with a control intervention. Our primary outcomes were measures of oro dental hygiene using validated scales. RESULTS Electronic searches yielded 26 eligible studies, of which five RCTs comprising a total of 160 participants were included. The studies varied in reporting quality, lasted between 10 and 45 days, and compared oil pulling with chlorhexidine, placebo or routine dental hygiene practice. Three studies reported no significant differences in post intervention plaque index scores between oil pulling and control groups (Chlorhexidine mouthwash +/- Placebo): p=0.28, 0.94, and 0.38, respectively. Two studies reported no significant difference in post-intervention modified gingival index score between oil pulling and Chlorhexidine mouthwash groups (p=0.32 and 0.64). CONCLUSION The limited evidence to date from clinical trials suggests that oil pulling may have beneficial effects on oro dental hygiene as seen for the short period of time investigated. Given that this is a potentially cost-effective intervention, this practice might be of particular benefit. Future clinical trials should be more rigorous and better reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenekome Gbinigie
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
| | - Igho Onakpoya
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth Spencer
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcy McCall MacBain
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
| | - Carl Heneghan
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
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Yoshida Y, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Yoshida Y, Alim MA. Perceptions of Ayurvedic medicine by citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nagoya J Med Sci 2016; 78:99-107. [PMID: 27019531 PMCID: PMC4767518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bangladesh is now facing the public health problems of deficiency of iron and iodine, especially for women. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh has implemented strong countermeasures to enhance the health condition of the nation. On the other hand, based on the concept of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, complementary and alternative medicine should be used more vigorously to enhance public health in the world. The usage of complementary and alternative medicine such as ayurvedic medicine (AM) should be increased in Bangladesh. Therefore we conducted the study on perceptions of AM by citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh in order to promote and enhance the effective usage of AM, including herbal medicines as medical resources, from December 2010 to January 2011. This study showed younger citizens (61.1%) did not get more benefit from AM than elder citizens (48.0%). On the other hand, younger citizens (76.8%) did not get more harm from AM than elder citizens (70.1%). We think that in terms of effectiveness of AM, the younger generation in Dhaka seems to be more skeptical to AM than the elder generation in Dhaka, even though the younger generation are more satisfied with AM than the elder generation. With viewpoint of enhancement of usage of AM in Dhaka, we think that scientifically sound information on AM should be collected rigorously and brought to the citizens vigorously to remove the skeptical feeling of AM from younger citizen in Dhaka. In terms of the effective utilization of limited medical resources, AM should be used appropriately in Bangladesh, Asia and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitoku Yoshida
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Margret AA, Begum TN, Parthasarathy S, Suvaithenamudhan S. A Strategy to Employ Clitoria ternatea as a Prospective Brain Drug Confronting Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Against Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2015; 5:293-306. [PMID: 26667936 PMCID: PMC4681707 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is a renowned traditional medicine practiced in India from ancient times and Clitoria ternatea is one such prospective medicinal herb incorporated as an essential constituent in a brain tonic called as medhya rasayan for treating neurological disorders. This work emphasises the significance of the plant as a brain drug there by upholding Indian medicine. The phytochemicals from the root extract were extricated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay and molecular docking against the protein Monoamine oxidase was performed with four potential compounds along with four reference compounds of the plant. This persuades the prospect of C. ternatea as a remedy for neurodegenerative diseases and depression. The in silico assay enumerates that a major compound (Z)-9,17-octadecadienal obtained from the chromatogram with a elevated retention time of 32.99 furnished a minimum binding affinity energy value of -6.5 kcal/mol against monoamine oxidase (MAO-A). The interactions with the amino acid residues ALA 68, TYR 60 and TYR 69 were analogous to the reference compound kaempferol-3-monoglucoside with a least score of -13.90/-12.95 kcal/mol against the isoforms (MAO) A and B. This study fortifies the phytocompounds of C. ternatea as MAO-inhibitors and to acquire a pharmaceutical approach in rejuvenating Ayurvedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anita Margret
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, 620017, India.
| | - T Nargis Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, 620020, India
| | - S Parthasarathy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - S Suvaithenamudhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
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Cagno V, Donalisio M, Civra A, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Lembo D. In vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of Shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 166:129-34. [PMID: 25792012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shilajit, a herbomineral substance exuded from rocks in steep mountainous regions, has been used for thousands of years by the Indian Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of traditional medicine to relieve ailments and enhance quality of life. Although a large number of therapeutic properties have been ascribed to Shilajit, its therapeutic potential is still largely unexplored by modern research and many of its claimed bioactivities lack scientific validation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of Shilajit against a panel of viruses including herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rotavirus (HRV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of Shilajit was assayed in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time-of-addition assays. RESULTS Shilajit exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HSV1, HSV2, HCMV, and RSV infectivity in vitro (EC50 values: 31.08μg/ml, 12.85μg/ml, 34.54μg/ml, and 30.35μg/ml, respectively), but was inactive against HRV and VSV. Humic acid, a constituent of Shilajit, displayed the same spectrum of activity. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the antiviral activity of Shilajit. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that Shilajit is endowed with broad, yet specific, antiviral activity in vitro and constitutes a natural source of antiviral substances. Further work remains to be done to assess its efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy.
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Breeher L, Mikulski MA, Czeczok T, Leinenkugel K, Fuortes LJ. A cluster of lead poisoning among consumers of Ayurvedic medicine. Int J Occup Environ Health 2015; 21:303-7. [PMID: 25843124 DOI: 10.1179/2049396715y.0000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of alternative medications and herbal remedies is widespread in the United States and across the globe. These traditional medications can be contaminated with toxic metals. Despite several case reports of poisoning from such contamination, the epidemiological data are still limited. OBJECTIVES To report on a cluster of lead and mercury toxicity cases in 2011 among a community of adherents of traditional medical practice of Ayurveda. METHODS Adherents of Ayurveda were offered heavy metals screening following the identification of the index case. RESULTS Forty-six of 115 participants (40%) had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) of 10 μg/dl or above, with 9.6% of BLLs at or above 50 μg/dl. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest cluster of lead and mercury toxicity following use of Ayurvedic supplements described in the literature in the US. Contamination of herbal products is a public health issue of global significance. There are few regulations addressing contamination of "natural" products or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Breeher
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA, USA
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Fernández S, Pollio GA, Domínguez V, Nogué S, Torra M, Cardellach F. [Outbreak of lead poisoning associated with Ayurvedic medicine]. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 144:166-9. [PMID: 24559541 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lead poisoning is normally caused by repeated occupational inhalation of lead. However, lead may also be absorbed through the digestive route. Some alternative medical treatments, such as Ayurvedic medicine, can also contain lead and may result in poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHOD We collected cases of lead poisoning related to Ayurvedic treatments attended at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. RESULTS Two female patients, aged 45 and 57 years, respectively, who initiated Ayurvedic treatments which involved the ingestion of various medicaments, were included. The first patient presented with anemia and abdominal pain. The lead level was 74μg/dL and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was 163μg/dL. She was treated with intravenous calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) and later with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with a good evolution. The second patient presented with abdominal pain and a Burton's line. The lead level was 52μg/dL and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was 262μg/dL. She was treated with oral DMSA and evolved favorably. Lead concentrations in some of the tablets supplied to the patients reached 2,003 and 19,650μg/g of tablet. CONCLUSIONS Lead poisoning may result from treatments based on Ayurvedic medicine and may reach epidemic proportions. Health control of alternative medicines is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Santiago Nogué
- Sección de Toxicología Clínica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
| | - Mercè Torra
- Sección de Toxicología Analítica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Mainstreaming of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy with the health care delivery system in India. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:116-8. [PMID: 26151021 PMCID: PMC4488105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
India has a population of 1.21 billion people and there is a high degree of socio-cultural, linguistic, and demographic heterogeneity. There is a limited number of health care professionals, especially doctors, per head of population. The National Rural Health Mission has decided to mainstream the Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) system of indigenous medicine to help meet the challenge of this shortage of health care professionals and to strengthen the delivery system of the health care service. Multiple interventions have been implemented to ensure a systematic merger; however, the anticipated results have not been achieved as a result of multiple challenges and barriers. To ensure the accessibility and availability of health care services to all, policy-makers need to implement strategies to facilitate the mainstreaming of the AYUSH system and to support this system with stringent monitoring mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jegadeesh Ramasamy
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jacob TG. History of teaching anatomy in India: from ancient to modern times. Anat Sci Educ 2013; 6:351-358. [PMID: 23495119 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe clinical practice is based on a sound knowledge of the structure and function of the human body. Thus, knowledge of anatomy has been an essential tool in the practice of healthcare throughout the ages. The history of anatomy in India traces from the Paleolithic Age to the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic Times, the Islamic Dynasties, the modern Colonial Period, and finally to Independent India. The course of the study of anatomy, despite accompanying controversies and periods of latencies, has been fascinating. This review takes the reader through various periods of Indian medicine and the role of anatomy in the field of medical practice. It also provides a peek into the modern system of pedagogy in anatomical sciences in India.
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MESH Headings
- Anatomy/education
- Anatomy/history
- Anatomy/trends
- Cultural Characteristics
- Education, Medical/history
- Education, Medical/trends
- Forecasting
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- India
- Medicine in the Arts
- Paintings
- Students, Medical/history
- Teaching/history
- Teaching/trends
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony George Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Chaudhary A, Singh N, Kumar N. Pharmacovigilance: Boon for the safety and efficacy of Ayuvedic formulations. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011; 1:251-6. [PMID: 21731371 PMCID: PMC3117316 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.74427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance is a corrective process originating in pharmaco-epidemiology. The 1997 Erice Declaration, presented at the World Health Organisation, became the basis on which the concept was implemented internationally for conventional systems of medicine. The increasing international acceptance of Ayurveda, led regulators to implement a similar program for Ayurveda, particularly as some medical professionals, scientists and members of the public reported adverse reactions after taking Ayurvedic formulations. The World Health Organisation therefore persuaded the Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, to implement a pharmacovigilance program for Ayurveda, as a means to ensuring the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines. After a year of due diligence, the pharmacovigilance program was launched nationally on 29 September 2008. Since that time, Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicines have been monitored according to the provisions of a protocol prepared by the National Pharmacovigilance Resource Centre, IPGTRA, Jamnagar, and approved by Department of AYUSH. The program was reviewed, first, on 21st January 2009 by the National Pharmaco-vigilance Consultative Committee for ASU drugs (NPCC-ASU), and again, on 15 Feburary, 2010, when an evaluation meeting effectively rubber stamped the program. Among the outcomes of these meetings were several suggestions of measures to improve the program’s efficiency. Recent developments include the constitution of pharmacovigilance centers at all Ayurveda Teaching institutes and research centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chaudhary
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre for Ayurvedic Drugs, North Zone
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Gupta M, Shaw B. A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Galactogogue Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Iran J Pharm Res 2011; 10:167-72. [PMID: 24363697 PMCID: PMC3869575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus racemosus Willd. has repeatedly been mentioned as a galactogogue in Ayurvedic literature and has been confirmed through animal experiments as well. This randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluates its galactogogue effect in 60 lactating mothers by measurement of changes in their prolactin hormone level during the study. Several secondary parameters namely mothers' weight, babies' weight, subjective satisfaction of mothers and well-being and happiness of babies were studied to corroborate the primary findings. The oral administration of the research drug led to more than three-fold increase in the prolactin hormone level of the subjects in the research group as compared to the control group. The primary findings were corroborated by the secondary outcome measures and were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mradu Gupta
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, 294/3/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Badri Shaw
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, 294/3/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009 , India.
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Raviraja A, Vishal Babu GN, Sehgal A, Saper RB, Jayawardene I, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Venkatesh T. Three cases of lead toxicity associated with consumption of ayurvedic medicines. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:326-9. [PMID: 21731207 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ayurveda is a traditional form of medicine used by majority of the Indians. Here we report three cases of lead toxicity, following intake of Ayurvedic medicines. Three patients presented with blood lead levels (BLLs) of 122.4, 115 and 42.8 μg/dl respectively at the time of hospitalization. The first case was chelated with D- penicillamine, the second with calcium disodium ethylene diamino tetra acetate (EDTA) and the third with environmental intervention and education. Associated Ayurvedic products were collected from patients and analyzed for metallic concentration. Cessation of Ayurvedic medication along with chelation, nutritional intervention and education, reduced the BLL to 27.4 μg/dl in the first case after 1 year, 21.1 μg/dl after 9 months in the second and 18.2 μg/dl after 6 months in the third case.
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