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Le LNH, Munir J, Kim EB, Ryu S. Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1410450. [PMID: 38846051 PMCID: PMC11153667 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1410450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50-200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs' cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs' cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguy-Hoang Le
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Javaria Munir
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eun-Bit Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S. MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38462628 PMCID: PMC10926683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhu YY, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang R, Ding X, Zhang H, Zhang CY, Zhang C, Gu WJ, Wang C, Wang JJ. Urinary-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage renal cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117672. [PMID: 37995985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The potential of urinary-derived extracellular vesicle (uEV) microRNAs (miRNAs) as noninvasive molecular biomarkers for identifying early-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is rarely explored. The present study aims to explore the possibility of uEV miRNAs as novel molecular biomarkers for distinguishing early-stage RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS uEVs were extracted by ExoQuick-TC™ kit and miRNA concentrations were measured by RT-qPCR. ROC curves and bioinformatics analysis were employed to predict the diagnostic efficacy and regulatory mechanisms of dysregulated miRNAs. RESULTS Through a multiphase case-control study on uEV miRNAs screening, training, and validation in RCC cells (ACHN, Caki-1) and control cells (HK-2) and in uEVs of 125 RCC patients and 128 age- and sex-matched controls, we successfully identified four uEVs miRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) were significantly and stably upregulated in RCC in vitro and in vivo. When adjusted with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the AUC of the three-uEV miRNA panel (miR-135b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) was 0.785 (95 % CI = 0.729-0.842, P < 0.0001) for discriminating RCC patients from controls. Notably, this panel exhibited similar performance in distinguishing early-stage (stage Ⅰ) RCC patients, with an AUC of 0.786 (95 %CI = 0.727-0.844, P < 0.0001). Bioinformatics analysis predicted that candidate miRNAs were involved in cancer progressing. CONCLUSION Our study identified a four uEV miRNAs panel (miR-135b-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) may serve as an auxiliary noninvasive indication of early-stage RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Huizi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Boussios S, Devo P, Goodall ICA, Sirlantzis K, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Papadopoulos V, Sanchez E, Rassy E, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14356. [PMID: 37762660 PMCID: PMC10531522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Iain C. A. Goodall
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Konstantinos Sirlantzis
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | | | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
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Takeda M, Akamatsu S, Kita Y, Goto T, Kobayashi T. The Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Their Potential for Future Clinical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101611. [PMID: 37242027 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and is thought to originate from renal tubular epithelial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer vesicles that are secreted into extracellular spaces by nearly all cell types, including cancer cells and non-cancerous cells. EVs are involved in multiple steps of RCC progression, such as local invasion, host immune modulation, drug resistance, and metastasis. Therefore, EVs secreted from RCC are attracting rapidly increasing attention from researchers. In this review, we highlight the mechanism by which RCC-derived EVs lead to disease progression as well as the potential and challenges related to the clinical implications of EV-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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He C, Li Y, Chen ZY, Huang CK. Crosstalk of renal cell carcinoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages aggravates tumor progression by modulating muscleblind-like protein 2/B-cell lymphoma 2/beclin 1-mediated autophagy. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:298-309. [PMID: 36244911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages contribute to the development of multiple human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the crosstalk mechanism between M2 macrophages and RCC remains unclear. METHODS The authors constructed a co-culture system of M2 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 and RCC cells. Microscopic examination and quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the morphology and types of macrophages. The proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and Transwell assay (Corning, Corning, NY, USA). Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of target molecules was detected by qRT‑PCR and western blotting. Expression of Ki-67, E-cadherin and N-cadherin was measured by immunofluorescence staining or immunohistochemistry. Molecular interaction was evaluated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation. A xenograft model was established to determine tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS RCC cells triggered the activation of M2 macrophages. Functionally, M2-polarized macrophages facilitated the growth, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of RCC cells by suppressing autophagy, whereas rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, significantly counteracted the tumor-promoting effects of M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, M2 macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) enhanced modulation of muscleblind-like protein 2 (MBNL2) expression. MBNL2 raised the stability of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) by directly binding to Bcl-2 mRNA, which endowed RCC cells with malignant properties via inhibition of beclin 1-dependent autophagy. CONCLUSIONS RCC-induced M2-polarized macrophages secrete CCL2 to promote the growth and metastasis of RCC cells via inhibition of MBNL2/Bcl-2/beclin 1-mediated autophagy, which provide a novel perspective for the development of a therapeutic strategy for -RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Kun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China..
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The Interaction of Programmed Cell Death Protein and Its Ligands with Non-Coding RNAs in Neoplasms: Emerging Anticancer Immunotherapeutics. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells can elude immune cells by creating a sanctuary within the tumor’s microenvironment. Large amounts of immune-suppressing signaling proteins can be expressed by cancer cells. One of the most important mechanisms in this system is immune suppression caused by tumors and the modulation of the immune checkpoint. The immune checkpoint is modulated by both the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), including the more well-known microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), all play roles in the regulation of biological processes and extensive diseases such as cancer. Thus, the focus of this study is on the interactions between the programmed death protein and its ligands with miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, some FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of various cancers were based on their interactions with PD-1, PD-Ls, and ncRNAs. This promising strategy is still in the production stages, with additional results and clinical trials being processed.
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8
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Zhang M, Lu Y, Wang L, Mao Y, Hu X, Chen Z. Current Status of Research on Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010100. [PMID: 36612097 PMCID: PMC9817817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of communication between tumor cells and normal cells. These vesicles are rich in a variety of contents such as RNA, DNA, and proteins, and can be involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the formation of pre-metastatic ecological niches, and the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a type of EVs. Currently, the main treatments for urological tumors are surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, urological tumors are difficult to diagnose and treat due to their high metastatic rate, tendency to develop drug resistance, and the low sensitivity of liquid biopsies. Numerous studies have shown that sEVs offer novel therapeutic options for tumor treatment, such as tumor vaccines and tumor drug carriers. sEVs have attracted a great deal of attention owing to their contribution to in intercellular communication, and as novel biomarkers, and role in the treatment of urological tumors. This article reviews the research and applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-8373-7280
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Hussen BM, Poornajaf Y, Taheri M, Sharifi G. Interplay between programmed death-ligand 1 and non-coding RNAs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982902. [PMID: 36405753 PMCID: PMC9667550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein with essential roles in the suppression of adaptive immune responses. As an immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1 can be exploited by cancer cells to evade the anti-tumor attacks initiated by the immune system. Thus, blockade of the PD1/PD-L1 axis can eliminate the suppressive signals and release the antitumor immune responses. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of modulation of the activity of the PD1/PD-L1 axis would facilitate the design of more efficacious therapeutic options and better assignment of patients for each option. Recent studies have confirmed the interactions between miRNAs/lncRNAs/circ-RNAs and the PD1/PD-L1 axis. In the current review, we give a summary of interactions between these transcripts and PD-L1 in the context of cancer. We also overview the consequences of these interactions in the determination of the response of patients to anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Guive Sharifi,
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Guive Sharifi,
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Diagnostic Strategies for Urologic Cancer Using Expression Analysis of Various Oncogenic Surveillance Molecules—From Non-Coding Small RNAs to Cancer-Specific Proteins. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urinary-tract-related tumors are prone to simultaneous or heterogeneous multiple tumor development within the primary organ. Urologic tumors have a very high risk of recurrence in the long and short term. This may be related to the disruption of homeostasis on the genetic level, such as the induction of genetic mutations due to exposure to various carcinogenic factors and the disruption of cancer suppressor gene functions. It is essential to detect the cancer progression signals caused by genetic abnormalities and find treatment therapies. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of tumor-expressing clinical biomarkers for predicting cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss various factors associated with disturbed intracellular signals and those targeted by microRNAs, which are representative of non-coding small RNAs.
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11
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Song Q, Yu H, Han J, Qiang Lv JL, Yang H. Exosomes in urological diseases - Biological functions and clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215809. [PMID: 35777716 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions that exist in various biological body fluids and exert their functions through proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Recent discoveries have revealed the functional and biomarker roles of miRNAs in urological diseases, including benign diseases and malignancies. Exosomes have several uses in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of urological diseases, especially cancer. Proteins and nucleic acids can be used as alternative biomarkers for detecting urological diseases. Additionally, exosomes can be detected in most body fluids, thereby avoiding pathogenesis. More importantly, for urological tumors, exosomes display a higher sensitivity than circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived DNA in body fluid biopsies because of their low immunogenicity and high stability. These advantages have made it a research hotspot in recent years. In this review, we focus on the biological characteristics and functions of exosomes and summarize their advantages and the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Lv Qiang Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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Extracellular Vesicles—A New Potential Player in the Immunology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050772. [PMID: 35629194 PMCID: PMC9144962 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has doubled in the developed world within the last fifty years, and now it is responsible for 2–3% of diagnosed cancers. The delay in diagnosis and the not fully understood pathogenesis are the main challenges that have to be overcome. It seems that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the key players in tumor development since they ensure a proper microenvironment for the tumor cells. The stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression is mediated by molecules contained in EVs. It was shown that EVs derived from cancer cells can inhibit T cell proliferation, natural killer lymphocyte activation, and dendritic cell maturation by this mechanism. Moreover, EVs may be a biomarker for the response to anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we sum up the knowledge about the role of EVs in RCC pathogenesis and show their future perspectives in this field.
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Li A, Wu N, Sun J. E2F1-induced microRNA-224-5p expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via MREG. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 35126724 PMCID: PMC8805181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-224-5p has been reported to be associated with multiple types of cancer. However, its biological role and underlying mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether miR-224-5p mRNA expression level was increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and whether it was associated with poor prognosis. Decreased mRNA expression level of miR-224-5p was shown to suppress liver cancer cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, E2F1 was found to regulate miR-224-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. Melanoregulin (MREG) was identified as the direct target of miR-224-5p by searching the TargetScan, miRDB and StarBase databases. Overexpression of MREG could attenuate liver cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT. Rescue experiments further confirmed that MREG was associated with the regulation of miR-224-5p in liver cancer. In addition, the E2F1/miR-224-5p axis was shown to promote liver cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT by regulating MREG expression. These results suggested that E2F1-induced upregulation of miR-224-5p may serve an important role in MREG-induced liver cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT, and highlights the regulatory function of miR-224-5p in liver cancer. Therefore, the E2F1/miR-224-5p/MREG axis may provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
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14
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Yang M, Xiao R, Wang X, Xiong Y, Duan Z, Li D, Kan Q. MiR-93-5p regulates tumorigenesis and tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1/CCND1 in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:203. [PMID: 35280383 PMCID: PMC8908185 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Challenges in medical care posed by rapid tumor progression, individualized responses to therapy, and the heterogeneous characteristics of breast cancer (BRCA) highlight the urgent need for new treatment strategies, as well as therapeutic and prognostic markers. Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs broadly participate in carcinogenesis, but our understanding of the role of miR-93-5p in BRCA remains limited. Methods The prognosis of miR-93-5p, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CCND1 were analyzed by datasets. Freshly excised breast cancer tissues (N=33) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (N=18) were collected to detect the expression of CCND1 and PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to test the expression of miR-93-5p, PD-L1 and CCND1 after transfected mimics or inhibitors. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates the direct targeting between miR-93-5p and PD-L1. Results Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that miR-93-5p plays differential roles in various tumors, and further verification using qRT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of miR-93-5p were lower in MDA-MB-231 cells than in noncancerous breast cells. In addition, we confirmed that PD-L1 and CCND1 generated mutual effects, and miR-93-5p directly targets the PD-L1/CCND1 signaling pathway to influence their accumulation and distribution in the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, mediating tumor progression and immune regulation in BRCA. Conclusions Taken together, miR-93-5p could regulate tumorigenesis and tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1/CCND1 in BRCA and our research provides a rationale for therapy with miR-93-5p to overcome immune escape and improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, UCLA Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Lv D, Shen T, Yao J, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Ma Z. HIF-1α Induces HECTD2 Up-Regulation and Aggravates the Malignant Progression of Renal Cell Cancer via Repressing miR-320a. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:775642. [PMID: 35004677 PMCID: PMC8739985 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent malignancy of the urinary system. It has been found that hypoxia mediates the malignant evolvement of RCC. Here, we probe the impact and potential mechanism of HECT domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 (HECTD2) and HIF-1α on regulating RCC evolvement. RCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the association between the expression profiles of HECTD2 and HIF-1α and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Additionally, we constructed HECTD2/HIF-1α overexpression and knockdown models in RCC cell lines to ascertain the impacts of HECTD2 and HIF-1α on RCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and growth in vivo. We applied bioinformatics to predict the upstream miRNA targets of HECTD2. Meanwhile, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and the dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to clarify the targeting association between HECTD2 and miR-320a. The effect of miR-320a on HECTD2-mediated RCC progression was investigated. The results suggested that both HIF-1α and HECTD2 were up-regulated in RCC (compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues), and they had positive relationship. Moreover, higher level of HECTD2 and HIF-1α is associated with poorer overall survival of RCC patients. HECTD2 overexpression heightened RCC cell proliferation and migration, and weakened cell apoptosis. On the other hand, the malignant phenotypes of RCC cells were signally impeded by HECTD2 or HIF-1α knockdown. Moreover, miR-320a targeted the 3'-untranslated region of HECTD2 and suppressed HECTD2 expression. The rescue experiments showed that miR-320a restrained HECTD2-mediated malignant progression in RCC, while up-regulation of HIF-1α hampered miR-320a expression. Collectively, HIF-1α mediated HECTD2 up-regulation and aggravated RCC progression by attenuating miR-320a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lv
- Department of Urology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Taimin Shen
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juncheng Yao
- Department of Urology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Urology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Urology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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16
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Li R, Chen W, Lu C, Li X, Chen X, Huang G, Wen Z, Li H, Tao L, Hu Y, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Ni L, Lai Y. A four-microRNA panel in serum may serve as potential biomarker for renal cell carcinoma diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1076303. [PMID: 36727070 PMCID: PMC9885090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1076303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one out of the most universal malignant tumors globally, and its incidence is increasing annually. MicroRNA (miRNA) in serum could be considered as a non-invasive detecting biomarker for RCC diagnosis. METHOD A total of 224 participants (112 RCC patients (RCCs) and 112 normal controls (NCs)) were enrolled in the three-phrase study. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to reveal the miRNA expression levels in RCCs and NCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were utilized to predict the diagnostic ability of serum miRNAs for RCC. Bioinformatic analysis and survival analysis were also included in our study. RESULTS Compared to NCs, the expression degree of miR-155-5p, miR-224-5p in serum was significantly upregulated in RCC patients, and miR-1-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-129-5p, and miR-200b-3p were downregulated. A four-miRNA panel was construed, and the AUC of the panel was 0.903 (95% CI: 0.847-0.944; p < 0.001; sensitivity = 75.61%, specificity = 93.67%). Results from GEPIA database indicated that CHL1, MPP5, and SORT1 could be seen as promising target genes of the four-miRNA panel. Survival analysis of candidate miRNAs manifested that miR-155-5p was associated with the survival rate of RCC significantly. CONCLUSIONS The four-miRNA panel in serum has a great potential to be non-invasive biomarkers for RCC sift to check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinji Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Wen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhi Tao
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengping Zhao
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebo Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangchao Ni
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqing Lai, ; Liangchao Ni,
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqing Lai, ; Liangchao Ni,
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17
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Ding L, Dong HY, Zhou TR, Wang YH, Yan T, Li JC, Wang ZY, Li J, Liang C. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms affecting efficacy and combination therapies. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6384-6401. [PMID: 34382349 PMCID: PMC8446416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of multiple malignant tumors, they were also gradually applied to advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Nowadays, multiple PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, such as nivolumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab, have achieved considerable efficacy in clinical trials. However, due to the primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to these mAbs, the efficacy of this immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Theories also vary as to why the difference in efficacy occurs. The alterations of PD-L1 expression and the interference of cellular immunity may affect the efficacy. These mechanisms demand to be revealed to achieve a sustained and complete objective response in patients with aRCC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to have synergistic mechanisms with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb in the treatment of aRCC, and CTLA-4 mAb has been shown to have a non-redundant effect with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb to enhance efficacy. Although combinations with targeted agents or other checkpoint mAbs have yielded enhanced clinical outcomes in multiple clinical trials nowadays, the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs still has a large development space. More potential mechanisms that affect the efficacy demand to be developed and transformed into the clinical treatment of aRCC to search for possible combination regimens. We elucidate these mechanisms in RCC and present existing combination therapies applied in clinical trials. This may help physicians' select treatment options for patients with refractory kidney cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Mutation
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Progression-Free Survival
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui yu Dong
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian ren Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu hao Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun chen Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong yuan Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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18
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Cinque A, Vago R, Trevisani F. Circulating RNA in Kidney Cancer: What We Know and What We Still Suppose. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:835. [PMID: 34071652 PMCID: PMC8227397 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer represents the 7th most common tumor worldwide, affecting 400,000 people annually. This malignancy, which is the third most frequent cancer among urological diseases, displays a completely different prognosis if the tumor is detected in the early stages or advance phases. Unfortunately, more than 50% of renal cancers are discovered incidentally, with a consistent percentage of cases where the tumor remains clinically silent till the metastatic process is established. In day-to-day clinical practice, no available predictive biomarkers exist, and the existent imaging diagnostic techniques harbor several gaps in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. In the last decade, many efforts have been reported to detect new predictive molecular biomarkers using liquid biopsies, which are less invasive in comparison to renal biopsy. However, until now, there has been no clear evidence that a liquid biopsy biomarker could be relevant to the creation of a precise and tailored medical management in these oncological patients, even though circulating RNA biomarkers remain among the most promising. Given the idea that liquid biopsies will play a future key role in the management of these patients, in the present review, we summarize the current state of circulating RNA (miRNA, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) as possible biomarkers of renal cancer presence and aggressiveness in patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/urine
- Circulating MicroRNA/blood
- Circulating MicroRNA/genetics
- Circulating MicroRNA/urine
- Extracellular Vesicles/genetics
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/blood
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/urine
- RNA, Long Noncoding/blood
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cinque
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.V.)
- Department of Urology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Trevisani
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.V.)
- Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
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19
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Nakatsuka R, Sasaki Y, Masutani M, Nozaki T. PARP1 Regulates Cellular Processes Mediated by Exosomal miRNAs in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine
| | - Tadashige Nozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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