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Iftode C, Iurciuc S, Marcovici I, Macasoi I, Coricovac D, Dehelean C, Ursoniu S, Rusu A, Ardelean S. Genistein-Aspirin Combination Exerts Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38792627 PMCID: PMC11122532 DOI: 10.3390/life14050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous pathology with high incidence and mortality rates globally, but it is also preventable so finding the most promising candidates (natural compounds or repurposed drugs) to be chemopreventive alternatives has become a topic of interest in recent years. The present work aims to elucidate the potential effects of a combination between genistein (GEN), an isoflavone of natural origin, and aspirin (ASA) in CRC prevention/treatment by performing an in vitro evaluation in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and an in ovo analysis using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Cell viability was verified by an MTT (migratory potential by scratch) assay, and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of ASA (2.5 mM) + GEN (10-75 µM) combination characterized by reduced cell viability and morphological changes (actin skeleton reorganization and nuclei deterioration), an inhibition of HCT-116 cells' migratory potential by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, and an antiangiogenic effect by modifying the vascular network. These promising results raise the possibility of future in-depth investigations regarding the chemopreventive/therapeutical potential of ASA+GEN combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iftode
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Rusu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Ardelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
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Huang K, Li M, Li Q, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Gu Z. Image-based profiling and deep learning reveal morphological heterogeneity of colorectal cancer organoids. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108322. [PMID: 38554658 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids have proven to be a highly relevant model for evaluating of disease mechanisms and drug efficacies, as they closely recapitulate in vivo physiology. Colorectal cancer organoids, specifically, exhibit a diverse range of morphologies, which have been analyzed with image-based profiling. However, the relationship between morphological subtypes and functional parameters of the organoids remains underexplored. Here, we identified two distinct morphological subtypes ("cystic" and "solid") across 31360 bright field images using image-based profiling, which correlated differently with viability and apoptosis level of colorectal cancer organoids. Leveraging object detection neural networks, we were able to categorize single organoids achieving higher viability scores as "cystic" than "solid" subtype. Furthermore, a deep generative model was proposed to predict apoptosis intensity based on a apoptosis-featured dataset encompassing over 17000 bright field and matched fluorescent images. Notably, a significant correlation of 0.91 between the predicted value and ground truth was achived, underscoring the feasibility of this generative model as a potential means for assessing organoid functional parameters. The underlying cellular heterogeneity of the organoids, i.e., conserved colonic cell types and rare immune components, was also verified with scRNA sequencing, implying a compromised tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the "cystic" subtype was identified as a relapse phenotype featuring intestinal stem cell signatures, suggesting that this visually discernible relapse phenotype shows potential as a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In summary, our findings demonstrate that the morphological heterogeneity of colorectal cancer organoids explicitly recapitulate the association of phenotypic features and exogenous perturbations through the image-based profiling, providing new insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Maggadottir SM, Dueland S, Mensali N, Hamre H, Andresen PA, Myhre MR, Juul HV, Bigalke I, Lundby M, Hønnåshagen TK, Sæbøe-Larssen S, Josefsen D, Hagtvedt T, Wälchli S, Kvalheim G, Inderberg EM. Transient TCR-based T cell therapy in a patient with advanced treatment-resistant MSI-high colorectal cancer. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00225-9. [PMID: 38582964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the antitumor effectiveness of transiently T cell receptor (TCR)-redirected T cells recognizing a frameshift mutation in transforming growth factor beta receptor 2. We here describe a clinical protocol using mRNA TCR-modified T cells to treat a patient with progressive, treatment-resistant metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. Following 12 escalating doses of autologous T cells electroporated with in-vitro-transcribed Radium-1 TCR mRNA, we assessed T cell cytotoxicity, phenotype, and cytokine production. Tumor markers and growth on computed tomography scans were evaluated and immune cell tumor infiltrate at diagnosis assessed. At diagnosis, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells had minimal expression of exhaustion markers, except for PD-1. Injected Radium-1 T cells were mainly naive and effector memory T cells with low expression of exhaustion markers, except for TIGIT. We confirmed cytotoxicity of transfected Radium-1 T cells against target cells and found key cytokines involved in tumor metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis to fluctuate during treatment. The treatment was well tolerated, and despite his advanced cancer, the patient obtained a stable disease with 6 months survival post-treatment. We conclude that treatment of metastatic MSI-H colorectal cancer with autologous T cells electroporated with Radium-1 TCR mRNA is feasible, safe, and well tolerated and that it warrants further investigation in a phase 1/2 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solrun Melkorka Maggadottir
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Hamre
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Marit Renée Myhre
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig V Juul
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iris Bigalke
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Lundby
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stein Sæbøe-Larssen
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Josefsen
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Hagtvedt
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Jacobsen A, Siebler J, Grützmann R, Stürzl M, Naschberger E. Blood Vessel-Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:890. [PMID: 38473252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a key player and regulatory component in the multicellular microenvironment of solid tumors and, consequently, a therapeutic target. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), antiangiogenic treatment was approved almost 20 years ago, but there are still no valid predictors of response. In addition, treatment resistance has become a problem. Vascular heterogeneity and plasticity due to species-, organ-, and milieu-dependent phenotypic and functional differences of blood vascular cells reduced the hope of being able to apply a standard approach of antiangiogenic therapy to all patients. In addition, the pathological vasculature in CRC is characterized by heterogeneous perfusion, impaired barrier function, immunosuppressive endothelial cell anergy, and metabolic competition-induced microenvironmental stress. Only recently, angiocrine proteins have been identified that are specifically released from vascular cells and can regulate tumor initiation and progression in an autocrine and paracrine manner. In this review, we summarize the history and current strategies for applying antiangiogenic treatment and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities, including normalizing the tumor vasculature, modulating milieu-dependent vascular heterogeneity, and targeting functions of angiocrine proteins. These new strategies could open perspectives for future vascular-targeted and patient-tailored therapy selection in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jacobsen
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Kussmaulallee 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Siebler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1-Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Kussmaulallee 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Kussmaulallee 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Fok M, Hill R, Fowler H, Clifford R, Kler A, Uzzi-Daniel J, Rocha S, Grundy G, Parsons J, Vimalachandran D. Enhancing radiotherapy outcomes in rectal cancer: A systematic review of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 44:100695. [PMID: 37961749 PMCID: PMC10637894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is successfully used in rectal cancer to improve overall survival. However, treatment response is both unpredictable and variable. There is strong evidence to show that the phenomenon of tumour hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, however the mechanism(s) behind this are poorly understood. Consequently, there have only been a small number of studies evaluating methods targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer and provide recommendations for future research in this area. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. This study was registered on the Prospero database (CRD42023441983). Results Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies identified were in vitro or in vivo studies, there were no clinical trials. Of the 8 studies identified, 5 assessed the efficacy of drugs which directly or indirectly targeted hypoxia and three that identified potential targets. There was conflicting in vivo evidence for the use of metformin to overcome hypoxia induced radioresistance. Vorinostat, atovaquone, and evofosfamide showed promising preclinical evidence that they can overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Discussion The importance of investigating hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer is crucial. However, to date, only a small number of preclinical studies exist evaluating this phenomenon. This systematic review highlights the importance of further research to fully understand the mechanism behind this radioresistance. There are promising targets identified in this systematic review however, substantially more pre-clinical and clinical research as a priority for future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fok
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhianna Hill
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hayley Fowler
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachael Clifford
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Aaron Kler
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jayanma Uzzi-Daniel
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Gabrielle Grundy
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Dale Vimalachandran
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
- Countess of Chester Hospital, Colorectal Surgery Department, Chester, UK
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Ajmeera D, Ajumeera R. Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2024; 11:148-175. [PMID: 37588226 PMCID: PMC10425757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ajmeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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Pfeiffer P, Liposits G, Taarpgaard LS. Angiogenesis inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3241-3244. [PMID: 38192992 PMCID: PMC10774035 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gabor Liposits
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Line Schmidt Taarpgaard
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tarpgaard LS, Winther SB, Pfeiffer P. Treatment Options in Late-Line Colorectal Cancer: Lessons Learned from Recent Randomized Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 38201553 PMCID: PMC10777930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has improved considerably over the past 20 years. First- and second-line combinations of 5FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, with or without anti-angiogenic and/or anti-EGFR antibodies, were approved shortly after the turn of the millennium. Further triumphs were not seen for almost 10 years, until the approval of initially regorafenib and shortly after trifluridine/tipiracil. A growing understanding of tumor biology through molecular profiling has led to further treatment options. Here, we review the most recent clinical data for late-line treatment options in mCRC, focusing on randomized trials if available. We include recommendations for options in unselected patients and therapies that should only be offered in patients with distinct tumor profiles (e.g., BRAF mutations, KRAS G12C mutations, HER2 amplification, deficient MMR, or NTRK gene fusions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Schmidt Tarpgaard
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (S.B.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (S.B.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Maspero M, Yilmaz S, Cazzaniga B, Raj R, Ali K, Mazzaferro V, Schlegel A. The role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury and liver regeneration in hepatic tumour recurrence. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100846. [PMID: 37771368 PMCID: PMC10523008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cancer recurrence after liver surgery mainly depends on tumour biology, but preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the degree of perioperative liver injury plays a role in creating a favourable microenvironment for tumour cell engraftment or proliferation of dormant micro-metastases. Understanding the contribution of perioperative liver injury to tumour recurrence is imperative, as these pathways are potentially actionable. In this review, we examine the key mechanisms of perioperative liver injury, which comprise mechanical handling and surgical stress, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and parenchymal loss leading to liver regeneration. We explore how these processes can trigger downstream cascades leading to the activation of the immune system and the pro-inflammatory response, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic signals, and release of circulating tumour cells. Finally, we discuss the novel therapies under investigation to decrease ischaemia-reperfusion injury and increase regeneration after liver surgery, including pharmaceutical agents, inflow modulation, and machine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Maspero
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumeyye Yilmaz
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beatrice Cazzaniga
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roma Raj
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Ali
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Narmi MT, Shoja HM, Haiaty S, Mahdipour M, Rahbarghazi R. Melatonin blunted the angiogenic activity in 3D colon cancer tumoroids by the reduction of endocan. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 37337165 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor niche are closely associated with the failure of therapeutic protocols. Unfortunately, most data have been obtained from conventional 2D culture systems which are not completely comparable to in vivo microenvironments. Reconstructed 3D cultures composed of multiple cells are valid cell-based tumor models to recapitulate in vivo-like interaction between the cancer cells and stromal cells and the oncostatic properties of therapeutics. Here, we aimed to assess the tumoricidal properties of melatonin on close-to-real colon cancer tumoroids in in vitro conditions. METHODS Using the hanging drop method, colon cancer tumoroids composed of three cell lines, including adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, fibroblasts (HFFF2), and endothelial cells (HUVECs) at a ratio of 2: 1: 1, respectively were developed using 2.5% methylcellulose. Tumoroids were exposed to different concentrations of melatonin, from 0.005 to 0.8 mM and 4 to 10 mM, for 48 h. The survival rate was measured by MTT and LDH leakage assays. Protein levels of endocan and VEGF were assessed using western blotting. Using histological examination (H & E) staining, the integrity of cells within the tumoroid parenchyma was monitored. RESULTS Despite the reduction of viability rate in lower doses, the structure of tumoroids remained unchanged. In contrast, treatment of tumoroids with higher doses of melatonin, 4 and 10 mM, led to disaggregation of cells and reduction of tumoroid diameter compared to the non-treated control tumoroids (p < 0.05). By increasing melatonin concentration from 4 to 10 mM, the number of necrotic cells increased. Data showed the significant suppression of endocan in melatonin-treated tumoroids related to the non-treated controls (p < 0.05). According to our data, melatonin in higher doses did not alter protein levels of VEGF (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin can exert its tumoricidal properties on colon cancer tumoroids via the reduction of tumor cell viability and inhibition of the specific pro-angiogenesis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohajjel Shoja
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Popel AS, Bazzazi H. Combining Multikinase Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cluster of Differentiation 47 Signaling Pathways Is Predicted to Increase the Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Combination Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:710-726. [PMID: 37200806 PMCID: PMC10186363 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth, development, and invasion. Nascent tumor cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that significantly remodels the tumor microenvironment through interaction with multiple receptors on vascular endothelial cells, including type 2 VEGF receptor (VEGFR2). The complex pathways initiated by VEGF binding to VEGFR2 lead to enhanced proliferation, survival, and motility of vascular endothelial cells and formation of a new vascular network, enabling tumor growth. Antiangiogenic therapies that inhibit VEGF signaling pathways were among the first drugs that targeted stroma rather than tumor cells. Despite improvements in progression-free survival and higher response rates relative to chemotherapy in some types of solid tumors, the impact on overall survival (OS) has been limited, with the majority of tumors eventually relapsing due to resistance or activation of alternate angiogenic pathways. Here, we developed a molecularly detailed computational model of endothelial cell signaling and angiogenesis-driven tumor growth to investigate combination therapies targeting different nodes of the endothelial VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Simulations predicted a strong threshold-like behavior in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation relative to phosphorylated VEGFR2 levels, as continuous inhibition of at least 95% of receptors was necessary to abrogate phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2). Combinations with mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) and spingosine-1-phosphate inhibitors were found to be effective in overcoming the ERK1/2 activation threshold and abolishing activation of the pathway. Modeling results also identified a mechanism of resistance whereby tumor cells could reduce pERK1/2 sensitivity to inhibitors of VEGFR2 by upregulation of Raf, MEK, and sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), thus highlighting the need for deeper investigation of the dynamics of the crosstalk between VEGFR2 and SphK1 pathways. Inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation was found to be more effective at blocking protein kinase B, also known as AKT, activation; however, to effectively abolish AKT activation, simulations identified Axl autophosphorylation or the Src kinase domain as potent targets. Simulations also supported activating cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on endothelial cells as an effective combination partner with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to inhibit angiogenesis signaling and tumor growth. Virtual patient simulations supported the effectiveness of CD47 agonism in combination with inhibitors of VEGFR2 and SphK1 pathways. Overall, the rule-based system model developed here provides new insights, generates novel hypothesis, and makes predictions regarding combinations that may enhance the OS with currently approved antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hojjat Bazzazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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12
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Lavacchi D, Roviello G, Guidolin A, Romano S, Venturini J, Caliman E, Vannini A, Giommoni E, Pellegrini E, Brugia M, Pillozzi S, Antonuzzo L. Evaluation of Fruquintinib in the Continuum of Care of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065840. [PMID: 36982913 PMCID: PMC10051170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has the continuum of care as the treatment paradigm. To date, trifluridine/tipiracil, a biochemically modulated fluoropyrimidine, and regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, remain the main options for the majority of patients who progressed to standard doublet- or triplet-based chemotherapies, although a tailored approach could be indicated in certain circumstances. Being highly selective for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, -2 and -3, fruquintinib demonstrated a strong anti-tumor activity in preclinical models and received approval from China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in 2018 for the treatment of patients with chemo-refractory mCRC. The approval was based on the results of the phase III FRESCO trial. Then, in order to overcome geographic differences in clinical practice, the FRESCO-2 trial was conducted in the US, Europe, Japan, and Australia. In a heavily pretreated patient population, the study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating an advantage of fruquintinib over a placebo in overall survival (OS). Here, we review the clinical development of fruquintinib and its perspectives in gastrointestinal cancers. Then, we discuss the introduction of fruquintinib in the continuum of care of CRC paying special attention to unmet needs, including the identification of cross-resistant and potentially susceptible populations, evaluation of radiological response, and identification of novel biomarkers of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lavacchi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Guidolin
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Venturini
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Caliman
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Vannini
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giommoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Brugia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
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13
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Zhou B, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Bao Y, Zou L, Yao Z, Feng X. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for rectal cancer: correlation of diffusion and perfusion characteristics with clinical-pathologic factors. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:898-906. [PMID: 35619546 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising alternative method for staging the cancer. PURPOSE To evaluate parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and their relationships with clinical-pathologic factors in rectal cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 51 patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer who underwent preoperative pelvic MRI were prospectively enrolled. Parameters (ADC, D, D*, and f) derived from IVIM-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were independently measured by two radiologists. Student's t-test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS ADC, D, and D* were significantly higher in pT1-2 tumors than in pT3-4 tumors (1.108 ± 0.233 vs. 0.950 ± 0.176, 0.796 ± 0.199 vs. 0.684 ± 0.114, 0.013 ± 0.005 vs. 0.008 ± 0.003, respectively; P < 0.05). D* exhibited a strong correlation with the tumor stage (r = -0.675, P < 0.001). In poorly differentiated cluster (PDC) grading, ADC, D*, and f were significantly lower in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (0.905 ± 0.148 vs. 1.064 ± 0.200, 0.008 ± 0.002 vs. 0.011 ± 0.005, and 0.252 ± 0.032 vs. 0.348 ± 0.058, respectively; P < 0.05). The f value exhibited a significantly strong correlation with the PDC grades (r = -0.842, P < 0.001), and higher sensitivity and specificity (95.2% and 75.9%) than those shown by the ADC, D, and D* values. CONCLUSION IVIM parameters, especially f, demonstrated a strong correlation with histologic grades and showed a better performance in differentiating between high- and low-grade rectal cancers. These parameters would be helpful in predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yibo Tang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun Bao
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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14
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Gogoi P, Kaur G, Singh NK. Nanotechnology for colorectal cancer detection and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6497-6511. [PMID: 36569271 PMCID: PMC9782835 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Across the globe, people in the age group older than 50 are at a higher risk of CRC. Genetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in the development of CRC. If detected early, CRC is preventable and treatable. Currently, available screening methods and therapies for CRC treatment reduce the incidence rate among the population, but the micrometastasis of cancer may lead to recurrence. Therefore, the challenge is to develop an alternative therapy to overcome this complication. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in cancer treatment and offers targeted chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancer cells, with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, nanotechnology elevates the chances of patient survival in comparison to traditional chemotherapies. The potential of nanoparticles includes that they may be used simultaneously for diagnosis and treatment. These exciting properties of nanoparticles have enticed researchers worldwide to unveil their use in early CRC detection and as effective treatment. This review discusses contemporary methods of CRC screening and therapies for CRC treatment, while the primary focus is on the theranostic approach of nanotechnology in CRC treatment and its prospects. In addition, this review aims to provide knowledge on the advancement of nanotechnology in CRC and as a starting point for researchers to think about new therapeutic approaches using nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gogoi
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, OVAS, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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15
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Caliceti C, Punzo A, Silla A, Simoni P, Roda G, Hrelia S. New Insights into Bile Acids Related Signaling Pathways in the Onset of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142964. [PMID: 35889921 PMCID: PMC9317521 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second among the causes of tumor death worldwide, with an estimation of 1.9 million new cases in 2020 and more than 900,000 deaths. This rate might increase by 60% over the next 10 years. These data are unacceptable considering that CRC could be successfully treated if diagnosed in the early stages. A high-fat diet promotes the hepatic synthesis of bile acids (BAs) increasing their delivery to the colonic lumen and numerous scientific reports correlate BAs, especially secondary BAs, with CRC incidence. We reviewed the physicochemical and biological characteristics of BAs, focusing on the major pathways involved in CRC risk and progression. We specifically pointed out the role of BAs as signaling molecules and the tangled relationships among their nuclear and membrane receptors with the big bang of molecular and cellular events that trigger CRC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Punzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessia Silla
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Patrizia Simoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giulia Roda
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.H.)
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16
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol. Biofactors 2022; 48:813-856. [PMID: 35719120 PMCID: PMC9544065 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the tocotrienol group stems from its nutraceutical properties as a dietary supplement. It is largely considered to be safe when consumed at low doses for attenuating pathophysiology as shown by animal models, in vitro assays, and ongoing human trials. Medical researchers and the allied sciences have experimented with tocotrienols for many decades, but its therapeutic potential was limited to adjuvant or concurrent treatment regimens. Recent studies have focused on targeted drug delivery by enhancing the bioavailability through carriers, self-sustained emulsions, nanoparticles, and ethosomes. Epigenetic modulation and computer remodeling are other means that will help increase chemosensitivity. This review will focus on the systemic intracellular anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that are stimulated and/or regulated by tocotrienols while highlighting its potent therapeutic properties in a diverse group of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael Mathai
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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17
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Basal VEGF-A and ACE Plasma Levels of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Have Prognostic Value for First-Line Treatment with Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133054. [PMID: 35804826 PMCID: PMC9265004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Molecular biology knowledge has enabled the incorporation of targeted therapies, such as the anti-angiogenic drug bevacizumab, into combined chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, to date, there are no reliable useful biomarkers to predict the efficacy of this anti-angiogenic therapy. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate potential circulating plasma biomarkers in mCRC patients prior to the start of first-line treatment with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. We found that high VEGF-A and low ACE plasma levels were associated with poor OS after treatment. Moreover, a simple scoring system combining both biomarkers efficiently stratified patients into high- or low-risk groups, which allows the selection of patients for anti-angiogenic therapy. Abstract The identification of factors that respond to anti-angiogenic therapy would represent a significant advance in the therapeutic management of metastatic-colorectal-cancer (mCRC) patients. We previously reported the relevance of VEGF-A and some components of the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the response to anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer patients. Therefore, this prospective study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of basal plasma levels of VEGF-A and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in 73 mCRC patients who were to receive bevacizumab-based therapies as a first-line treatment. We found that high basal VEGF-A plasma levels were significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (FPS). On the other hand, low ACE levels were significantly associated with poor OS. Importantly, a simple scoring system combining the basal plasma levels of VEGF-A and ACE efficiently stratified mCRC patients, according to OS, into high-risk or low-risk groups, prior to their treatment with bevacizumab. In conclusion, our study supports that VEGF-A and ACE may be potential biomarkers for selecting those mCRC patients who will most benefit from receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab treatment in first-line therapy. Additionally, our data reinforce the notion of a close association between the RAAS and the anti-angiogenic response in cancer.
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18
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Hsieh M, Huang PJ, Chou PY, Wang SW, Lu HC, Su WW, Chung YC, Wu MH. Carbonic Anhydrase VIII (CAVIII) Gene Mediated Colorectal Cancer Growth and Angiogenesis through Mediated miRNA 16-5p. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1030. [PMID: 35625769 PMCID: PMC9138292 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase VIII (CAVIII) is a member of the CA family, while CA8 is the oncogene. Here we observed increased expression of CAVIII with high expression in colorectal cancer tissues. CAVIII is also expressed in more aggressive types of human colorectal cancer cells. Upregulated CAVIII expression in SW480 cell lines increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reduced miRNA16-5p. Conversely, knockdown of the CAVIII results in VEGF decline by up-regulated miRNA16-5p. Moreover, the collection of different grades of CAVIII expression CRC cells supernatant co-culture with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promotes the ability of tube formation in soft agar and migration in the Transwell experiment, indicating that CAVIII might facilitate cancer-cell-released VEGF via the inhibition of miRNA16-5p signaling. Furthermore, in the xenograft tumor angiogenesis model, knockdown of CAVIII significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Taken together, our results prove that the CAVIII/miR-16-5p signaling pathway might function as a metastasis suppressor in CRC. Targeting CAVIII/miR-16-5p may provide a strategy for blocking its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Pei-Ju Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Chou
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Bachelor of Science in Senior Wellness and Sport Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Senior Life and Innovation Technology Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Chi Lu
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Food Science Department and Graduate Institute, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huan Wu
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Bachelor of Science in Senior Wellness and Sport Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Senior Life and Innovation Technology Center, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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EGR1 Enhances Lymphangiogenesis via SOX18-Mediated Activation of JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6448724. [PMID: 35190753 PMCID: PMC8858051 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6448724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Lymphangiogenesis is a process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Identifying key molecules and pathway targeting this process is critical for lymphatic regeneration-associated disorders. EGR1 is a transcription factor, but its function in lymphangiogenesis is not yet known. This study is aimed at exploring the functional activity and molecular mechanism of EGR1 implicated in lymphangiogenesis. Methods. The CCK-8 method, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay were used to detect the cell viability, motility, and tube formation of HDLEC cells, respectively. The luciferase reporter assay was applied to detect the impact of EGR1 on SOX18 promoter activity. CHIP assay was used to analyze the direct binding of EGR1 to the SOX18 promoter. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate molecules and pathway involved in lymphangiogenesis. Results. The EGR1 ectopic expression markedly increased the cell growth, mobility, tube formation, and the expression of lymphangiogenesis-associated markers (LYVE-1 and PROX1) in HDLEC cells. EGR1 interacted with the SXO18 gene promoter and transcriptionally regulated the SXO18 expression in HDLEC cells. Silencing of SOX18 abrogated the promotional activities of EGR1 on the cell viability, mobility, tube formation, and LYVE-1/PROX1 expression in HDLEC cells. SOX18 overexpression activated JAK/STAT signaling, which resulted in an increase in lymphangiogenesis in HDLEC cells. Conclusions. ERG1 can promote lymphangiogenesis, which is mediated by activating the SOX18/JAK/STAT3 cascade. ERG1 may serve as a promising target for the therapy of lymphatic vessel-related disorders.
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20
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Gaggianesi M, Mangiapane LR, Modica C, Pantina VD, Porcelli G, Di Franco S, Lo Iacono M, D’Accardo C, Verona F, Pillitteri I, Turdo A, Veschi V, Brancato OR, Muratore G, Pistone G, Bongiorno MR, Todaro M, De Maria R, Stassi G. Dual Inhibition of Myc Transcription and PI3K Activity Effectively Targets Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030673. [PMID: 35158939 PMCID: PMC8833549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Compelling evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for high resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment protects CR-CSCs from EGFR/HER2, BRAF and PI3K targeting, promoting CD44v6 and Myc expression. Alternatively, as a substitution for HER2 and BRAF, the Myc transcription inhibitor can overcome the protective effects of microenvironmental cytokines, impairing the survival of CR-CSCs. These data highlight the targeting of Myc and PI3K activity as a novel therapeutic strategy against advanced colorectal cancer. Abstract Despite advances in the curative approach, the survival rate of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is still poor, which is likely due to the emergence of cancer cell clones resistant to the available therapeutic options. We have already shown that CD44v6-positive CRC stem cells (CR-CSCs) are refractory toward standard anti-tumor therapeutic agents due to the activation of the PI3K pathway together with high HER2 expression levels. Tumor microenvironmental cytokines confer resistance to CR-CSCs against HER2/PI3K targeting by enhancing activation of the MAPK pathway. Here, we show that the CSC compartment, spared by BRAF inhibitor-based targeted therapy, is associated with increased expression levels of CD44v6 and Myc and retains boosted clonogenic activity along with residual tumorigenic potential. Inhibition of Myc transcription, downstream of the MAPK cascade components, and PI3K pathway activity was able to overcome the protective effects of microenvironmental cytokines, affecting the survival and the clonogenic activity of CR-CSCs, regardless of their mutational background. Likewise, the double targeting induced stabilization of mouse tumor avatars. Altogether, these data outline the rationale for dual kinase targeting of CR-CSCs to prevent their adaptive response, which would lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Irene Pillitteri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ornella Roberta Brancato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giampaolo Muratore
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.D.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (R.D.M.); +39-091-2389-0813 (G.S.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (R.D.M.); +39-091-2389-0813 (G.S.)
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21
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Hu LF, Lan HR, Huang D, Li XM, Jin KT. Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand? Front Oncol 2021; 11:769305. [PMID: 34888246 PMCID: PMC8649954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines has raised great hopes for treating poor prognosis metastatic CRCs that are resistant to the conventional therapies. However, high inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity hinder the success of immunotherapy in CRC. Patients with a similar tumor phenotype respond differently to the same immunotherapy regimen. Mutation-based classification, molecular subtyping, and immunoscoring of CRCs facilitated the multi-aspect grouping of CRC patients and improved immunotherapy. Personalized immunotherapy using tumor-specific neoantigens provides the opportunity to consider each patient as an independent group deserving of individualized immunotherapy. In the recent decade, the development of sequencing and multi-omics techniques has helped us classify patients more precisely. The expansion of such advanced techniques along with the neoantigen-based immunotherapy could herald a new era in treating heterogeneous tumors such as CRC. In this review article, we provided the latest findings in immunotherapy of CRC. We elaborated on the heterogeneity of CRC patients as a bottleneck of CRC immunotherapy and reviewed the latest advances in personalized immunotherapy to overcome CRC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xue-Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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22
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Dokhanchi M, Pakravan K, Zareian S, Hussen BM, Farid M, Razmara E, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Cho WC, Babashah S. Colorectal cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer miR-221-3p to promote endothelial cell angiogenesis via targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Life Sci 2021; 285:119937. [PMID: 34508764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as promising diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we evaluated the potential clinical significance of a signature of four circulating serum-derived miRNAs in CRC. We also demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miR-221-3p could facilitate endothelial cell angiogenesis. METHODS The expressions of four circulating serum-derived miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, miR-221-3p, and let-7f-5p) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, and their associations with lymph node metastasis were determined in CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine their diagnostic accuracy. EVs were isolated and characterized from the conditioned media of human CRC cells (HCT116 and Caco2). Cell proliferation, transwell migration, and tube formation assays were performed to investigate the pro-angiogenic effect of miR-221-3p transferred by CRC-EVs into the endothelial cells. In silico analysis was used to show the regulatory functions of miR-221-3p on SOCS3, validated by luciferase and Western blotting assays. RESULTS The expression levels of serum-derived miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, miR-221-3p, and let-7f-5p were significantly higher in CRC than in healthy individuals. The expression of miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, and miR-221-3p were positively correlated with the lymph node metastasis status. Moreover, SOCS3 was identified as a direct target of miR-221-3p and the secreted miR-221-3p shuttled by CRC-EVs regulated STAT3/VEGFR-2 signaling axis by targeting SOCS3 in endothelial cells. CRC-EVs promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and the formation of vessel-like structures. The proangiogenic effect of CRC-EVs on the cells was recapitulated by miR-221-3p overexpression, showing the importance of EVs-derived miR-221-3p in promoting endothelial cell angiogenesis. CONCLUSION We introduced a signature of four-circulating miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, miR-221-3p, and let-7f-5p) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for CRC. Besides, we revealed that miR-221-3p induces endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro by targeting SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dokhanchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Zareian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahsa Farid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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