1
|
Ueda K, Ikeda K. Cellular carcinogenesis in preleukemic conditions:drivers and defenses. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:11-24. [PMID: 37952978 PMCID: PMC10867434 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from preleukemic conditions. We have investigated the pathogenesis of typical preleukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and clonal hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells in both preleukemic conditions harbor recurrent driver mutations; additional mutation provokes further malignant transformation, leading to AML onset. Although genetic alterations are defined as the main cause of malignant transformation, non-genetic factors are also involved in disease progression. In this review, we focus on a non-histone chromatin protein, high mobility group AT-hook2 (HMGA2), and a physiological p53 inhibitor, murine double minute X (MDMX). HMGA2 is mainly overexpressed by dysregulation of microRNAs or mutations in polycomb components, and provokes expansion of preleukemic clones through stem cell signature disruption. MDMX is overexpressed by altered splicing balance in myeloid malignancies. MDMX induces leukemic transformation from preleukemia via suppression of p53 and p53-independent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We also discuss how these non-genetic factors can be targeted for leukemia prevention therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salehi A. A novel therapeutic strategy: the significance of exosomal miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2024; 41:62. [PMID: 38253748 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing blood cancer that interferes with the normal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by its unpredictable outlook and high death rate. The main treatment for AML is chemotherapy, but this often results in drug resistance and the possibility of the disease returning. For this reason, new biomarkers are necessary to diagnose, predict, and treat this disease. Research has demonstrated that cells responsible for AML release exosomes that interact with the disease's microenvironment. These exosomes have significant roles in promoting leukemia growth, suppressing normal hematopoiesis, facilitating angiogenesis, and contributing to drug resistance in AML. Further investigations have shown that these exosomes contain miRNAs, which are transferred to target cells and have functional roles. Biomarkers are utilized to assess various aspects of tumor cell behavior, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, changes in the microenvironment, transfer of drug resistance, and stability in serum and blood plasma. In this research, we showed that exosomal miRNAs and exosomes have the potential to be used as indicators for detecting various phases of AML and can aid in its medical treatment. Furthermore, they can be specifically targeted for therapeutic purposes in addressing this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of New Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Li B, Wang J, Fan W. Puerarin alleviates chronic renal failure-induced pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by targeting miR-342-3p/TGF-β/SMAD axis. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1563-1573. [PMID: 37747643 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the result of kidney damage. Puerarin is a flavonoid with specific nephroprotective effect, but its effect on CRF needs further research. This study explored the effect of puerarin on CRF and the potential molecular mechanism. METHODS Adenine was used to establish an in vivo CRF model in rats, and rats were intragastrically administered with puerarin at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight once a day from day 1 to day 28. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology and fibrosis of kidney tissue. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (400 ng/mL)/H2O2 (200 µM) was applied to human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells to construct an in vitro CRF model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to validate interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect microRNA (miR)-342-3p levels. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and pyroptosis marker proteins were detected by Western blot. The interaction between miR-342-3p and TGF-β/SMAD was determined by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was utilized to determine cell viability. RESULTS In the CRF model, puerarin alleviated renal injury and fibrosis and reduced creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. At the same time, miR-342-3p was downregulated, while the TGF-β/SMAD axis was activated and levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased. After treatment of CRF rats with puerarin, the expression level of miR-342-3p was increased, the TGF-β/SMAD axis was inhibited, and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 was decreased. MiR-342-3p directly bound to and negatively regulated the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD2, and SMAD3. In the in vitro CRF model, miR-342-3p inhibited HK-2 cell pyroptosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD axis. CONCLUSION Puerarin reduced renal injury and pyroptosis in CRF rats by targeting the miR-342-3p/TGF-β/SMAD axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Baochao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jiangming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wenxing Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan M, Yang B, Rothschild G, Mann JJ, Sanford LD, Tang X, Huang C, Wang C, Zhang W. Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:309. [PMID: 37644009 PMCID: PMC10465587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30-40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carvajal-Moreno J, Hernandez VA, Wang X, Li J, Yalowich JC, Elton TS. Effects of hsa-miR-9-3p and hsa-miR-9-5p on Topoisomerase II β Expression in Human Leukemia K562 Cells with Acquired Resistance to Etoposide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:265-276. [PMID: 36410793 PMCID: PMC9875313 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α/170; 170 kDa) and topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2β/180; 180 kDa) are targets for a number of anticancer drugs, whose clinical efficacy is attenuated by chemoresistance. Our laboratory selected for an etoposide-resistant K562 clonal subline designated K/VP.5. These cells exhibited decreased TOP2α/170 and TOP2β/180 expression. We previously demonstrated that a microRNA-9 (miR-9)-mediated posttranscriptional mechanism plays a role in drug resistance via reduced TOP2α/170 protein in K/VP.5 cells. Here, it is hypothesized that a similar miR-9 mechanism is responsible for decreased TOP2β/180 levels in K/VP.5 cells. Both miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p are overexpressed in K/VP.5 compared with K562 cells, demonstrated by microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TOP2β/180 contains miRNA recognition elements (MRE) for both miRNAs. Cotransfection of K562 cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid harboring TOP2β/180 3'-UTR plus miR-9-3p or miR-9-5p mimics resulted in statistically significant decreased luciferase expression. miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p MRE mutations prevented this decrease, validating direct interaction between these miRNAs and TOP2β/180 mRNA. Transfection of K562 cells with miR-9-3p/5p mimics led to decreased TOP2β protein levels without a change in TOP2β/180 mRNA and resulted in reduced TOP2β-specific XK469-induced DNA damage. Conversely, K/VP.5 cells transfected with miR-9-3p/5p inhibitors led to increased TOP2β/180 protein without a change in TOP2β/180 mRNA and resulted in enhancement of XK469-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that TOP2β/180 mRNA is translationally repressed by miR-9-3p/5p, that these miRNAs play a role in acquired resistance to etoposide, and that they are potential targets for circumvention of resistance to TOP2-targeted agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Results presented here indicate that miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p play a role in acquired resistance to etoposide via decreased DNA topoisomerase IIβ 180 kDa protein levels. These findings contribute further information about and potential strategies for circumvention of drug resistance by modulation of microRNA levels. In addition, miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p overexpression in cancer chemoresistance may lead to future validation as biomarkers of responsiveness to DNA topoisomerase II-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Carvajal-Moreno
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victor A Hernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Junan Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terry S Elton
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chu X, He C, Sang B, Yang C, Yin C, Ji M, Qian A, Tian Y. Transfer RNAs-derived small RNAs and their application potential in multiple diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954431. [PMID: 36072340 PMCID: PMC9441921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tRNAs is best known as adapter components of translational machinery. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA is transcribed to RNA and in turn is translated into proteins, in which tRNA outstands by its role of the cellular courier. Recent studies have led to the revision of the canonical function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which indicates that tRNAs also serve as a source for short non-coding RNAs called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). tsRNAs play key roles in cellular processes by modulating complicated regulatory networks beyond translation and are widely involved in multiple diseases. Herein, the biogenesis and classification of tsRNAs were firstly clarified. tsRNAs are generated from pre-tRNAs or mature tRNAs and are classified into tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNA). The tRFs include five types according to the incision loci: tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5 and i-tRF which contain 3′ tiRNA and 5′ tiRNA. The functions of tsRNAs and their regulation mechanisms involved in disease processes are systematically summarized as well. The mechanisms can elaborate on the specific regulation of tsRNAs. In conclusion, the current research suggests that tsRNAs are promising targets for modulating pathological processes, such as breast cancer, ischemic stroke, respiratory syncytial virus, osteoporosis and so on, and maintain vital clinical implications in diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Sang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Academician (expert) Workstation, Lab of Epigenetics and RNA Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mili Ji
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maguire S, Guan S. Rolling circle reverse transcription enables high fidelity nanopore sequencing of small RNA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275471. [PMID: 36215256 PMCID: PMC9550094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are an important group of non-coding RNAs that have great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The portability and affordability of nanopore sequencing technology makes it ideal for point of care and low resource settings. Currently sRNAs can't be reliably sequenced on the nanopore platform due to the short size of sRNAs and high error rate of the nanopore sequencer. Here, we developed a highly efficient nanopore-based sequencing strategy for sRNAs (SR-Cat-Seq) in which sRNAs are ligated to an adapter, circularized, and undergo rolling circle reverse transcription to generate concatemeric cDNA. After sequencing, the resulting tandem repeat sequences within the individual cDNA can be aligned to generate highly accurate consensus sequences. We compared our sequencing strategy with other sRNA sequencing methods on a short-read sequencing platform and demonstrated that SR-Cat-Seq can obtain low bias and highly accurate sRNA transcriptomes. Therefore, our method could enable nanopore sequencing for sRNA-based diagnostics and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Maguire
- New England Biolabs, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States of America
| | - Shengxi Guan
- New England Biolabs, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|