1
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Fenaux J, Fang X, Huang YM, Melero C, Bonnans C, Lowe EL, Palumbo T, Lay C, Yi Z, Zhou A, Poggio M, Chung WJ, Majeed SR, Glatt D, Chen A, Schmidt M, Lee CC. 23ME-00610, a genetically informed, first-in-class antibody targeting CD200R1 to enhance antitumor T cell function. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2217737. [PMID: 37288324 PMCID: PMC10243377 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2217737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized cancer treatment; however, only a subset of patients benefit long term. Therefore, methods for identification of novel checkpoint targets and development of therapeutic interventions against them remain a critical challenge. Analysis of human genetics has the potential to inform more successful drug target discovery. We used genome-wide association studies of the 23andMe genetic and health survey database to identify an immuno-oncology signature in which genetic variants are associated with opposing effects on risk for cancer and immune diseases. This signature identified multiple pathway genes mapping to the immune checkpoint comprising CD200, its receptor CD200R1, and the downstream adapter protein DOK2. We confirmed that CD200R1 is elevated on tumor-infiltrating immune cells isolated from cancer patients compared to the matching peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We developed a humanized, effectorless IgG1 antibody (23ME-00610) that bound human CD200R1 with high affinity (KD <0.1 nM), blocked CD200 binding, and inhibited recruitment of DOK2. 23ME-00610 induced T-cell cytokine production and enhanced T cell-mediated tumor cell killing in vitro. Blockade of the CD200:CD200R1 immune checkpoint inhibited tumor growth and engaged immune activation pathways in an S91 tumor cell model of melanoma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Fenaux
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Fang
- Computational Biology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yao-ming Huang
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Melero
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Lay
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zuoan Yi
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aileen Zhou
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauro Poggio
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Jen Chung
- Computational Biology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Dylan Glatt
- Clinical Pharmacology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Chen
- Immuno-Oncology, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maike Schmidt
- Biomarker Translation, 23andMe, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Safwat NA, Najjar MRE, Saeed AM, Mohamed HS. Interleukin-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in adult acute myeloid leukemia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast into the bone marrow microenvironment is controlled by cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has recently been discovered to suppress the development and persistence of AML cells selectively. Intron three of the Interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene contains a 70-bp minisatellite region polymorphism that may influence gene transcriptional activity and subsequently affect the production level of IL4. We investigated the IL-4 gene intron three variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism as a molecular marker in AML associated with clinical and laboratory variables and a prognostic factor for therapeutic response and disease outcome.
Results
IL-4 gene intron three minisatellite regions polymorphism was assessed in 60 adult AML patients and 60 healthy controls, comparable concerning age and gender, using polymerase chain reaction. Three study marker genotypes were detected in AML patients; P1/P1 (3%), P1/P2 (40%), and P2/P2 (56.7%). The frequency of P2 alleles was significantly more in AML patients than in healthy controls (76.7% versus 25%; P < 0.001). Compared to the heterozygous group and P1/P1 carriers, AML patients with the homozygous P2/P2 genotype had a higher total leucocytic count and increased blast percentages in bone marrow or peripheral blood, besides a lower platelet count. P2P2 genotype was also significantly associated with poor therapeutic response, higher susceptibility to disease recurrence and shorter overall survival and disease-free survival.
Conclusion
The IL-4 intron 3 VNTR polymorphism could be included in the molecular risk stratification of AML to predict poor disease. This information can be utilized in incorporating biological therapy into the present therapeutic protocols to enhance chemotherapy regimens’ current low response rates.
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3
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Kuci Emruli V, Liljedahl L, Axelsson U, Richter C, Theorin L, Bjartell A, Lilja H, Donovan J, Neal D, Hamdy FC, Borrebaeck CAK. Identification of a serum biomarker signature associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 15:e2000025. [PMID: 33580906 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improved early diagnosis and determination of aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PC) is important to select suitable treatment options and to decrease over-treatment. The conventional marker is total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in blood, but lacks specificity and ability to accurately discriminate indolent from aggressive disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we sought to identify a serum biomarker signature associated with metastatic PC. We measured 157 analytes in 363 serum samples from healthy subjects, patients with non-metastatic PC and patients with metastatic PC, using a recombinant antibody microarray. RESULTS A signature consisting of 69 proteins differentiating metastatic PC patients from healthy controls was identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical value of this biomarker signature requires validation in larger independent patient cohorts before providing a new prospect for detection of metastatic PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Kuci Emruli
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leena Liljedahl
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Axelsson
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Corinna Richter
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Theorin
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,The Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny Donovan
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Neal
- The Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- The Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl A K Borrebaeck
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Sliepen SH, Korioth J, Christoph T, Tzschentke TM, Diaz‐delCastillo M, Heegaard A, Rutten K. The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor system as a target to alleviate cancer-induced bone pain in rats: Model validation and pharmacological evaluation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1995-2007. [PMID: 31724155 PMCID: PMC8246843 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cancer-induced bone pain remains inadequately controlled, and current standard of care analgesics is accompanied by several side effects. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor agonists have demonstrated broad analgesic properties in rodent neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. Here, we investigate the analgesic potential of NOP receptor activation in a rodent cancer-induced bone pain model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Model validation by intratibial inoculation in male Sprague Dawley rats was performed with varying MRMT-1/Luc2 cell quantities (0.5-1.5 × 106 ·ml-1 ) and a behavioural battery (>14 days post-surgery) including evoked and non-evoked readouts: paw pressure test, cold plate, von Frey, open field, and weight distribution. Anti-allodynic potential of the endogenous NOP receptor ligand nociceptin (i.t.) and NOP receptor agonist Ro65-6570 ( i.p.) was tested using von Frey filaments, followed by a combination experiment with Ro65-6570 and the NOP receptor antagonist J-113397 (i.p.). Plasma cytokine levels and NOP receptor gene expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG, L4-L6) and bone marrow were examined. KEY RESULTS Inoculation with 1.5 × 106 ·ml-1 of MRMT-1/Luc2 cells resulted in a robust and progressive pain-related phenotype. Nociceptin and Ro65-6570 treatment inhibited cancer-induced mechanical allodynia. J-113397 selectively antagonized the effect of Ro65-6570. MRMT-1/Luc2-bearing animals demonstrated elevated plasma cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 plus unaltered NOP-r gene expression in DRG and reduced expression in bone marrow. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Nociceptin and Ro65-6570 selectively and dose-dependently reversed cancer-induced bone pain-like behaviour. The NOP receptor system may be a potential target for cancer-induced bone pain treatment. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-elated bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny H.J. Sliepen
- Grünenthal InnovationGrünenthal GmbHAachenGermany
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Marta Diaz‐delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anne‐Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kris Rutten
- Grünenthal InnovationGrünenthal GmbHAachenGermany
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5
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Kim SD, Baik JS, Lee JH, Mun SW, Yi JM, Park MT. The malignancy of liver cancer cells is increased by IL-4/ERK/AKT signaling axis activity triggered by irradiated endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:376-387. [PMID: 32100006 PMCID: PMC7299255 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The malignant traits involved in tumor relapse, metastasis and the expansion of cancer stem-like cells are acquired via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the tumor microenvironment strongly supports the survival and growth of malignant tumor cells and further contributes to the reduced efficacy of anticancer therapy. Ionizing radiation can influence the tumor microenvironment, because it alters the biological functions of endothelial cells composing tumor vascular systems. However, to date, studies on the pivotal role of these endothelial cells in mediating the malignancy of cancer cells in the irradiated tumor microenvironment are rare. We previously evaluated the effects of irradiated endothelial cells on the malignant traits of human liver cancer cells and reported that endothelial cells irradiated with 2 Gy reinforce the malignant properties of these cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanisms underlying these events. We revealed that the increased expression level of IL-4 in endothelial cells irradiated with 2 Gy eventually led to enhanced migration and invasion of cancer cells and further expansion of cancer stem-like cells. In addition, this increased level of IL-4 activated the ERK and AKT signaling pathways to reinforce these events in cancer cells. Taken together, our data indicate that ionizing radiation may indirectly modulate malignancy by affecting endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, these indirect effects on malignancy are thought to offer valuable clues or targets for overcoming the tumor recurrence after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sue Baik
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hye Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Won Mun
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-51-720-5141; Fax: +82-51-720-5929;
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6
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Morales-Cruz M, Delgado Y, Castillo B, Figueroa CM, Molina AM, Torres A, Milián M, Griebenow K. Smart Targeting To Improve Cancer Therapeutics. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:3753-3772. [PMID: 31802849 PMCID: PMC6826196 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s219489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second largest cause of death worldwide with the number of new cancer cases predicted to grow significantly in the next decades. Biotechnology and medicine can and should work hand-in-hand to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy. However, success has been frequently limited, in particular when treating late-stage solid tumors. There still is the need to develop smart and synergistic therapeutic approaches to achieve the synthesis of strong and effective drugs and delivery systems. Much interest has been paid to the development of smart drug delivery systems (drug-loaded particles) that utilize passive targeting, active targeting, and/or stimulus responsiveness strategies. This review will summarize some main ideas about the effect of each strategy and how the combination of some or all of them has shown to be effective. After a brief introduction of current cancer therapies and their limitations, we describe the biological barriers that nanoparticles need to overcome, followed by presenting different types of drug delivery systems to improve drug accumulation in tumors. Then, we describe cancer cell membrane targets that increase cellular drug uptake through active targeting mechanisms. Stimulus-responsive targeting is also discussed by looking at the intra- and extracellular conditions for specific drug release. We include a significant amount of information summarized in tables and figures on nanoparticle-based therapeutics, PEGylated drugs, different ligands for the design of active-targeted systems, and targeting of different organs. We also discuss some still prevailing fundamental limitations of these approaches, eg, by occlusion of targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moraima Morales-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Betzaida Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao Campus, Humacao, PR, USA
| | - Cindy M Figueroa
- Department of Math and Sciences, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Anna M Molina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Anamaris Torres
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Melissa Milián
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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7
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Walker WH, Borniger JC. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Sleep Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2780. [PMID: 31174326 PMCID: PMC6600154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for health. Indeed, poor sleep is consistently linked to the development of systemic disease, including depression, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. Further evidence has accumulated suggesting the role of sleep in cancer initiation and progression (primarily breast cancer). Indeed, patients with cancer and cancer survivors frequently experience poor sleep, manifesting as insomnia, circadian misalignment, hypersomnia, somnolence syndrome, hot flushes, and nightmares. These problems are associated with a reduction in the patients' quality of life and increased mortality. Due to the heterogeneity among cancers, treatment regimens, patient populations and lifestyle factors, the etiology of cancer-induced sleep disruption is largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathways linking cancer and the brain and how this leads to altered sleep patterns. We describe a conceptual framework where tumors disrupt normal homeostatic processes, resulting in aberrant changes in physiology and behavior that are detrimental to health. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic approaches for cancer-associated sleep disruption, with special emphasis on host-tumor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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8
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Lo CH, Lynch CC. Multifaceted Roles for Macrophages in Prostate Cancer Skeletal Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:247. [PMID: 29867776 PMCID: PMC5968094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-metastatic prostate cancer is common in men with recurrent castrate-resistant disease. To date, therapeutic focus has largely revolved around androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. While second-generation ADTs and combination ADT/chemotherapy approaches have been successful in extending overall survival, the disease remains incurable. It is clear that molecular and cellular components of the cancer-bone microenvironment contribute to the disease progression and potentially to the emergence of therapy resistance. In bone, metastatic prostate cancer cells manipulate bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts to produce growth and survival factors. While osteoclast-targeted therapies such as bisphosphonates have improved quality of life, emerging data have defined important roles for additional cells of the bone microenvironment, including macrophages and T cells. Disappointingly, early clinical trials with checkpoint blockade inhibitors geared at promoting cytotoxic T cell response have not proved as promising for prostate cancer compared to other solid malignancies. Macrophages, including bone-resident osteomacs, are a major component of the bone marrow and play key roles in coordinating normal bone remodeling and injury repair. The role for anti-inflammatory macrophages in the progression of primary prostate cancer is well established yet relatively little is known about macrophages in the context of bone-metastatic prostate cancer. The focus of the current review is to summarize our knowledge of macrophage contribution to normal bone remodeling and prostate-to-bone metastasis, while also considering the impact of standard of care and targeted therapies on macrophage behavior in the tumor-bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hao Lo
- Cancer Biology Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Conor C. Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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9
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Erb HHH, Guggenberger F, Santer FR, Culig Z. Interleukin-4 induces a CD44 high /CD49b high PC3 subpopulation with tumor-initiating characteristics. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4103-4112. [PMID: 29236307 PMCID: PMC5900863 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines may influence proliferation, migration, invasion, and other cellular events of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The hyaluronan receptor CD44, which is regulated by Interleukin (IL)‐4, is a prostate basal cell marker. CD44high/CD49bhigh expressing cells have been demonstrated to have tumor‐initiating characteristics. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of long‐term IL‐4 treatment on CD44/CD49b expression, migration, proliferation, and clonogenic potential of basal‐like PCa cells. To this end PC3 cells were treated over 30 passages with 5 ng/mL IL‐4 (PC3‐IL4) resulting in an increased population of CD44high expressing cells. This was concurrent with a clonal outgrowth of cuboid‐shaped cells, with increased size and light absorbance properties. Flow cytometry revealed that the PC3‐IL4 CD44high expressing subpopulation corresponds to the CD49bhigh population. Isolation of the PC3‐IL4 CD44high/CD49bhigh subpopulation via fluorescence‐associated cell sorting showed increased migrative, proliferative, and clonogenic potential compared to the CD44low/CD49blow subpopulation. In conclusion, IL‐4 increases a PC3 subpopulation with tumor‐initiating characteristics. Thus, IL‐4, similar to other cytokines may be a regulator of tumor‐initiation and hence, may present a suitable therapy target in combination with current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger H H Erb
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Guggenberger
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frédéric R Santer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Annés University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Fan HH, Li L, Zhang YM, Yang J, Li MC, Zeng FY, Deng F. PKCζ in prostate cancer cells represses the recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631559 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are key regulators of the complex interplay between tumor and tumor microenvironment. M2 Macrophages, one type of tumor-associated macrophages, are involved in prostate cancer growth and progression. Protein kinase C zeta has been shown to suppress prostate cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis as a tumor suppressor; however, its role in chemotaxis and activation of tumor-associated macrophages remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of protein kinase C zeta of prostate cancer cells in regulation of macrophage chemotaxis and M2 phenotype activation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of protein kinase C zeta and the number of CD206+ M2 macrophages in human prostate tissue. Macrophage chemotaxis and polarization were examined using Transwell migration assays and a co-culture system. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect M2 markers, protein kinase C zeta, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 expression. We found the expression of protein kinase C zeta increased in prostate cancer tissues, especially in the early stage, and was negatively associated with tumor grade and the number of CD206+ macrophages. Inhibition of protein kinase C zeta expression in prostate cancer cells promoted chemotaxis of peripheral macrophages and acquisition of M2 phenotypic features. These results were further supported by the finding that silencing of endogenous protein kinase C zeta promoted the expression of prostate cancer cell-derived interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. These results suggest that protein kinase C zeta plays an important role in reducing infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and activation of a pro-tumor M2 phenotype, which may constitute an important mechanism by which protein kinase C zeta represses cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Fan
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Cheng Li
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yin Zeng
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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The immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-4 increases the clonogenic potential of prostate stem-like cells by activation of STAT6 signalling. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e342. [PMID: 28553931 PMCID: PMC5523058 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and has been detected at high levels in the tumour microenvironment of cancer patients, where concentrations correlate with the grade of malignancy. In prostate cancer, interleukin-4 has been associated with activation of the androgen receptor, increased proliferation and activation of survival pathways such as Akt and NF-κB. However, its role in therapy resistance has not yet been determined. Here we investigate the influence of interleukin-4 on primary epithelial cells from prostate cancer patients. Our data demonstrate an increase in the clonogenic potential of these cells when cultured in the presence of interleukin-4. In addition, a Phospho-Kinase Array revealed that in contrast to previously published work, signal transducer and activator of transcription6 (STAT6) is the only signalling molecule activated after interleukin-4 treatment. Using the STAT6-specific inhibitor AS1517499 we could confirm the role of STAT6 in increasing colony-forming frequency. However, clonogenic recovery assays revealed that interleukin-4 does not rescue the effects of either irradiation or docetaxel treatment. We therefore propose that although the interleukin-4/STAT6 axis does not appear to be involved in therapy resistance, it does play a crucial role in the colony-forming abilities of the basal cell population in prostate cancer. IL-4 may therefore contribute to disease relapse by providing a niche that is favourable for the clonogenic growth of prostate cancer stem cells.
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12
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Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in prostate cancer patients undergoing curative radiotherapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:68-72. [PMID: 28680332 PMCID: PMC5470615 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.67319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. The present study was carried out to investigate the radiation response of serum cytokines and oxidative markers to find out if these novel biomarkers have significant applications regarding radiation outcome in prostate cancer patients. Significant elevations of prostatic specific antigen (PSA), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and nitric oxide (NO) were recorded in cancer prostate patients at the time of diagnosis compared to controls. Patients were subjected to radiotherapy post prostatectomy with a total dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions (5 sessions/week) for 7 weeks. At the end of the seventh week post radiotherapy, ADMA levels were accentuated while the levels of PSA and NO were lower than before therapy. The level of inflammatory cytokines (interleukins IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma) in post radiation therapy patients were significantly elevated compared to both controls and prostate cancer patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed in prostate cancer patients between ADMA and NO. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation in post radiation therapy patients was observed between IL-5 and PSA. These results are highly suggestive that there is a specific cytokine response in patients undergoing curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Kumari N, Agrawal U, Mishra AK, Kumar A, Vasudeva P, Mohanty NK, Saxena S. Predictive role of serum and urinary cytokines in invasion and recurrence of bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697552. [PMID: 28378639 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer patients are prone to recurrence, and there is no marker to predict which cases become refractory to the immunotherapy given to these patients. Tumour behaviour is decided by the dynamics between the pro- and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. In this study, 27 cytokines were estimated in serum and urine of 72 urothelial cancer patients and 42 healthy volunteer controls. Serum cytokines IL-1RA, IL-4 and RANTES were in significantly higher concentration in serum of patients compared to controls, while IL-2 was significantly less in concentration. Patients were found to have significantly high concentrations of 12 urinary cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1a, PDGF, MIP-1b, RANTES and VEGF) in comparison to healthy controls. Serum VEGF and urinary IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, IP-10, MIP-1a and MIP-1b concentrations were found significantly higher in concentration in high-grade tumours compared to low-grade tumours. There was no difference in either the serum or urinary cytokines between non-invasive and muscle-invasive cases. Serum IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and VEGF and urinary IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, IP-10, MIP-1a, PDGF, MIP-1b and VEGF were found to be significantly higher in recurrent patients compared to non-recurrent patients. Of these, high concentrations of urinary IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10, IP-10, PDGF and VEGF and serum IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF and TNF-α were associated with poor recurrence-free survival. Poor recurrence-free survival was also seen with increasing number of cytokines showing high concentrations. The study shows that the estimation of a combination of these cytokines in minimally or non-invasive samples may act as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- 1 National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research), New Delhi, India.,2 BITS Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- 1 National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research), New Delhi, India.,3 Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | | | - Anup Kumar
- 5 Department of Urology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Vasudeva
- 5 Department of Urology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sunita Saxena
- 1 National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research), New Delhi, India
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Endogenously Expressed IL-4Rα Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Human Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040716. [PMID: 28350325 PMCID: PMC5412302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been demonstrated to affect the growth of different human malignancies including pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of our study was to determine the role of endogenously expressed IL-4-receptor-α-chain (IL-4Rα) in pancreatic cancer cells. IL-4Rα-suppression was achieved by generating Capan-1 cells stably expressing shRNA targeting IL-4Rα. The malignant phenotype was characterized by assessing growth properties, directional and non-directional cell movement in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Signaling pathways were analyzed upon IL-4 and IL-13 stimulation of wildtype (WT) and control-transfected cells compared to IL-4Rα-knockdown cells. Silencing of IL-4Rα resulted in reduced anchorage-dependent cell growth (p < 0.05) and reduced anchorage-independent colony size (p < 0.001) in vitro. Moreover, cell movement and migration was inhibited. IL-4 and IL-13 stimulation of Capan-1-WT cells induced activation of similar pathways like stimulation with Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. This activation was reduced after IL-4Rα downregulation while IGF-I signaling seemed to be enhanced in knockdown-clones. Importantly, IL-4Rα silencing also significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. The present study indicates that endogenously expressed IL-4 and IL-4Rα contribute to the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells by activating diverse pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Addressing these pathways may contribute to the treatment of the disease.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Autoimmune Prostatitis: Evaluation in Animal Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1832853. [PMID: 28386549 PMCID: PMC5366182 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1832853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (DLE) in a murine model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Methods. Histopathological characterization, prostatein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and immunohistochemical analysis for CD45, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-4 molecules were done in prostatic Wistar rats treated with DLE, placebo, or Dexamethasone. Results. Histopathological analysis of animals induced to prostatitis showed inflammatory infiltrate, mainly constituted by leucocytes and mast cells as well as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Serum prostatein concentrations were 14 times higher than those displayed by healthy animals. After DLE and Dexamethasone treatments, the inflammatory infiltrate decreased; the tissue morphology was similar to that of a normal prostate, and the prostatein decreased to the basal levels of healthy animals. DLE treatment produced a decreased expression of the cell surface marker CD45 and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17. On the other hand, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 increased in both the Dexamethasone and DLE groups. Conclusion. DLE is able to modulate the inflammatory response in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP).
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Bouchard G, Therriault H, Bujold R, Saucier C, Paquette B. Induction of interleukin-1β by mouse mammary tumor irradiation promotes triple negative breast cancer cells invasion and metastasis development. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:507-516. [PMID: 27935337 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1270471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy increases the level of inflammatory cytokines, some of which are known to promote metastasis. In a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we determined whether irradiation of the mammary tumor increases the level of key cytokines and favors the development of lung metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS D2A1 TNBC cells were implanted in the mammary glands of a Balb/c mouse and then 7 days old tumors were irradiated (4 × 6 Gy). The cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and MIP-2 were quantified in plasma before, midway and after irradiation. The effect of tumor irradiation on the invasion of cancer cells, the number of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and lung metastases were also measured. RESULTS TNBC tumor irradiation significantly increased the plasma level of IL-1β, which was associated with a greater number of CTC (3.5-fold) and lung metastases (2.3-fold), compared to sham-irradiated animals. Enhancement of D2A1 cell invasion in mammary gland was associated with an increase of the matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 activity (MMP-2, -9). The ability of IL-1β to stimulate the invasiveness of irradiated D2A1 cells was confirmed by in vitro invasion chamber assays. CONCLUSION Irradiation targeting a D2A1 tumor and its microenvironment increased the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and was associated with the promotion of cancer cell invasion and lung metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Bouchard
- a Centre for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - Hélène Therriault
- a Centre for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - Rachel Bujold
- b Service of Radiation Oncology , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - Caroline Saucier
- c Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- a Centre for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
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Bailur JK, Derhovanessian E, Gueckel B, Pawelec G. Prognostic impact of circulating Her-2-reactive T-cells producing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines in elderly breast cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:45. [PMID: 26500775 PMCID: PMC4617728 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treating elderly breast cancer patients remains a challenge but the increasing availability of immunotherapeutic approaches instills optimism that these tumours may also be susceptible to immune control. Because aging leads to a number of alterations in the immune system (“immunosenescence”) reflecting potential exhaustion which could compromise immunomodulatory antibody therapy, here we have assessed the immunocompetence of elderly breast cancer patients compared with a group of younger patients, and related this to the 5-year survival of the former. Methods T-cell responses to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro were assessed by analyzing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in 40 elderly and 35 younger breast cancer patients. Results The proportions of older and younger patients whose peripheral T-cells responded to Her-2 peptides in vitro were found to be similar, although a significantly higher fraction of younger patients possessed IL-2-producing CD4+ Her-2-reactive T-cells than in the elderly (p = 0.03). However, IL-2 production did not impart a survival benefit to the latter. In contrast, there was a survival benefit of possessing Her-2-reactive CD8+ T-cells, but this was abrogated in patients if they also had CD4+ Her-2-responsive T-cells that producedIL-5 and/or IL-17 (p = 0.01). This resulted in a 5-yr survival rate of only 29 % compared to 76 % for patients whose her-2-reactive CD4+ T-cells did not produceIL-5 and/or IL-17. Additionally, patients whose CD8+ T-cells produced TNF had a significantly better survival than those that did not (93 % compared to 52 %, p = 0.01), whereas no survival benefit was attributable to possessing IFN-γ-producing cells. Conclusions Elderly breast cancer patients appear perfectly immunocompetent to respond to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro, with response patterns very similar to younger patients. The nature of this response is associated with 5-year survival of these elderly patients, suggesting that boosting anti-tumor responses and modulating the nature of the T-cell response is likely to be effective even in potentially immunosenescent elderly breast cancer patients, and might be useful for predicting which patients are most likely to benefit from such treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gueckel
- Radiology Clinic, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Does vitamin D mediate inhibition of epithelial ovarian cancer by modulating cytokines? Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:590-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Maher J. Immunotherapy of malignant disease using chimeric antigen receptor engrafted T cells. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:278093. [PMID: 23304553 PMCID: PMC3523553 DOI: 10.5402/2012/278093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) based immunotherapy has been under development for almost 25 years, over which period it has progressed from a new but cumbersome technology to an emerging therapeutic modality for malignant disease. The approach involves the genetic engineering of fusion receptors (CARs) that couple the HLA-independent binding of cell surface target molecules to the delivery of a tailored activating signal to host immune cells. Engineered CARs are delivered most commonly to peripheral blood T cells using a range of vector systems, most commonly integrating viral vectors. Preclinical refinement of this approach has proceeded over several years to the point that clinical testing is now being undertaken at several centres, using increasingly sophisticated and therapeutically successful genetic payloads. This paper considers several aspects of the pre-clinical and clinical development of CAR-based immunotherapy and how this technology is acquiring an increasing niche in the treatment of both solid and haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, Department of Research Oncology, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Immunology, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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