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Wei J, Wang M, Li S, Han R, Xu W, Zhao A, Yu Q, Li H, Li M, Chi G. Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116806. [PMID: 38796971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the means through which reactive astrocytes around lesions can be reprogrammed into neurons, to elucidate the intrinsic connection between the two cell types from a neurogenesis perspective, and to summarize what is known about the neurotranscription factors, small-molecule compounds and MicroRNA that play major roles in astrocyte reprogramming. As the malignant proliferation of astrocytes promotes the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this review also examines the research advances on and the theoretical basis for the reprogramming of GBM cells into neurons and discusses the advantages of such approaches over traditional treatment modalities. This comprehensive review provides new insights into the field of GBM therapy and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of neurological recovery following neurological injury and in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Anqi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haokun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Chunchai T, Chinchapo T, Sripetchwandee J, Thonusin C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Lipopolysaccharide exacerbates depressive-like behaviors in obese rats through complement C1q-mediated synaptic elimination by microglia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14130. [PMID: 38462756 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been shown to impair cognition and depression. The combined effects of HFD and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on those outcomes have never been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the effects of LPS, HFD consumption, and a combination of both conditions on microglial dysfunction, microglial morphological alterations, synaptic loss, cognitive dysfunction, and depressive-like behaviors. METHODS Sixty-four male Wistar rats were fed either a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single dose-subcutaneous injection of either vehicle or LPS. Then, cognitive function and depressive-like behaviors were assessed. Then, rats were euthanized, and the whole brain, hippocampus, and spleen were collected for further investigation, including western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and brain metabolome determination. RESULTS HFD-fed rats developed obese characteristics. Both HFD-fed rats with vehicle and ND-fed rats with LPS increased cholesterol and serum LPS levels, which were exacerbated in HFD-fed rats with LPS. HFD consumption, but not LPS injection, caused oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and decreased neurogenesis. Both HFD and LPS administration triggered an increase in inflammatory genes on microglia and astrocytes, increased c1q colocalization with microglia, and increased dendritic spine loss, which were exacerbated in the combined conditions. Both HFD and LPS altered neurotransmitters and disrupted brain metabolism. Interestingly, HFD consumption, but not LPS, induced cognitive decline, whereas both conditions individually induced depressive-like behaviors, which were exacerbated in the combined conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that LPS aggravates metabolic disturbances, neuroinflammation, microglial synaptic engulfment, and depressive-like behaviors in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thirathada Chinchapo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Luo C, Yu Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Li D, Peng X, Liu Z, Li Q, Cao Q, Huang K, Yuan R. Deubiquitinase PSMD7 facilitates pancreatic cancer progression through activating Nocth1 pathway via modifying SOX2 degradation. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38494478 PMCID: PMC10944620 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification which can be reversed with an enzyme family known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). It has been reported that dysregulation of deubiquitination leads to carcinogenesis. As a member of the DUBs family, proteasome 26 S subunit non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7) serves as an underlying tumour-promoting factor in multiple cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological functions of PSMD7 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we first reported frequent overexpression of PSMD7 in PC tissues, and high levels of PSMD7 were markedly linked to shorter survival and a malignant phenotype in PC patients. An array of in vitro and in vivo gain/loss-of-function tests revealed that PSMD7 facilitates the progression of PC cells. Additionally, we found that PSMD7 promotes PC cell progression by activating the Notch homolog 1 (Notch1) signalling. Interestingly, in PC cells, the inhibitory effect of PSMD7 knockdown on cellular processes was comparable to that observed upon Notch1 knockdown. Mechanistically, PSMD7 deubiquitinated and stabilised sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), a key mediator of Notch1 signalling. The stabilisation of SOX2, mediated by PSMD7, dramatically increased SOX2 protein levels, subsequently activating the Notch1 pathway. Finally, restoration of SOX2 expression abrogated the PSMD7-silenced antitumour effect. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work identifies and validates PSMD7 as a promoter of PC progression through augmentation of the Notch1 signalling pathway mediated by SOX2. This finding suggests that PSMD7 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for the management of this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410219, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Xingyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Zitao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for General Surgery Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
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Baričević Z, Pongrac M, Ivaničić M, Hreščak H, Tomljanović I, Petrović A, Cojoc D, Mladinic M, Ban J. SOX2 and SOX9 Expression in Developing Postnatal Opossum ( Monodelphis domestica) Cortex. Biomolecules 2024; 14:70. [PMID: 38254670 PMCID: PMC10813269 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Central nervous system (CNS) development is characterized by dynamic changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. Key regulators of these transitions are the transcription factors such as SOX2 and SOX9. SOX2 is involved in the maintenance of progenitor cell state and neural stem cell multipotency, while SOX9, expressed in neurogenic niches, plays an important role in neuron/glia switch with predominant expression in astrocytes in the adult brain. (2) Methods: To validate SOX2 and SOX9 expression patterns in developing opossum (Monodelphis domestica) cortex, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the isotropic fractionator method on fixed cortical tissue from comparable postnatal ages, as well as dissociated primary neuronal cultures. (3) Results: Neurons positive for both neuronal (TUJ1 or NeuN) and stem cell (SOX2) markers were identified, and their presence was confirmed with all methods and postnatal age groups (P4-6, P6-18, and P30) analyzed. SOX9 showed exclusive staining in non-neuronal cells, and it was coexpressed with SOX2. (4) Conclusions: The persistence of SOX2 expression in developing cortical neurons of M. domestica during the first postnatal month implies the functional role of SOX2 during neuronal differentiation and maturation, which was not previously reported in opossums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Pongrac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Matea Ivaničić
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Helena Hreščak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ivana Tomljanović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonela Petrović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dan Cojoc
- CNR-IOM, Materials Foundry, National Research Council of Italy, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
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Liu M, Fan G, Liu H. Integrated bioinformatics and network pharmacology identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Guipi Decoction for treatment of comorbidity with depression and gastrointestinal disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:183-197. [PMID: 37847347 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guipi decoction (GPD) not only improves gastrointestinal (GI) function, but also depressive mood. The bioinformatics study aimed to reveal potential crosstalk genes and related pathways between depression and GI disorders. A network pharmacology approach was used to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of GPD for the simultaneous treatment of depression comorbid GI disorders. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of major depressive disorder (MDD) were identified based on GSE98793 and GSE19738, and GI disorders-related genes were screened from the GeneCards database. Overlapping genes between MDD and GI disorders were obtained to identify potential crosstalk genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for hub genes, signature genes were identified by LASSO regression analysis, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration. In addition, based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, we screened the active ingredients and targets of GPD and identified the intersection targets of GPD with MDD and GI disorder-related genes, respectively. A "component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. RESULTS The MDD-corrected dataset contained 2619 DEGs, and a total of 109 crosstalk genes were obtained. 14 hub genes were screened, namely SOX2, CRP, ACE, LEP, SHH, CDH2, CD34, TNF, EGF, BDNF, FN1, IL10, PPARG, and KIT. These genes were identified by LASSO regression analysis for 3 signature genes, including TNF, EGF, and IL10. Gamma.delta.T.cell was significantly positively correlated with all three signature genes, while Central.memory.CD4.T.cell and Central.memory.CD8.T.cell were significantly negatively correlated with EGF and TNF. GPD contained 134 active ingredients and 248 targets, with 41 and 87 relevant targets for the treatment of depression and GI disorders, respectively. EGF, PPARG, IL10 and CRP overlap with the hub genes of the disease. CONCLUSION We found that GPD may regulate inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through EGF, PPARG, IL10 and CRP targets, and then be involved in the treatment of both depression and GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Liu
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Genhao Fan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Benítez-Burraco A, Uriagereka J, Nataf S. The genomic landscape of mammal domestication might be orchestrated by selected transcription factors regulating brain and craniofacial development. Dev Genes Evol 2023; 233:123-135. [PMID: 37552321 PMCID: PMC10746608 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestication transforms once wild animals into tamed animals that can be then exploited by humans. The process entails modifications in the body, cognition, and behavior that are essentially driven by differences in gene expression patterns. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms were shown to underlie such differences, less is known about the role exerted by trans-regulatory molecules, notably transcription factors (TFs) in domestication. In this paper, we conducted extensive in silico analyses aimed to clarify the TF landscape of mammal domestication. We first searched the literature, so as to establish a large list of genes selected with domestication in mammals. From this list, we selected genes experimentally demonstrated to exhibit TF functions. We also considered TFs displaying a statistically significant number of targets among the entire list of (domestication) selected genes. This workflow allowed us to identify 5 candidate TFs (SOX2, KLF4, MITF, NR3C1, NR3C2) that were further assessed in terms of biochemical and functional properties. We found that such TFs-of-interest related to mammal domestication are all significantly involved in the development of the brain and the craniofacial region, as well as the immune response and lipid metabolism. A ranking strategy, essentially based on a survey of protein-protein interactions datasets, allowed us to identify SOX2 as the main candidate TF involved in domestication-associated evolutionary changes. These findings should help to clarify the molecular mechanics of domestication and are of interest for future studies aimed to understand the behavioral and cognitive changes associated to domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Área de Lingüística General, Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura, Facultad de Filología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Palos de la Frontera s/n., 41007-, Sevilla, España.
| | - Juan Uriagereka
- Department of Linguistics and School of Languages, Literatures & Cultures, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Serge Nataf
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500, Bron, France
- University of Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France
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Dabrock A, Ernesti N, Will F, Rana M, Leinung N, Ehrich P, Tronnier V, Zechel C. RAR-Dependent and RAR-Independent RXR Signaling in Stem-like Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16466. [PMID: 38003656 PMCID: PMC10671216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) exerts pleiotropic effects during neural development and regulates homeostasis in the adult human brain. The RA signal may be transduced through RXR (retinoid-X receptor)-non-permissive RA receptor/RXR heterodimers or through RXR-permissive RXR heterodimers. The significance of RA signaling in malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and gliosarcoma (GS) is poorly understood. In particular, the impact RA has on the proliferation, survival, differentiation, or metabolism of GBM- or GS-derived cells with features of stem cells (SLGCs) remains elusive. In the present manuscript, six GBM- and two GS-derived SLGC lines were analyzed for their responsiveness to RAR- and RXR-selective agonists. Inhibition of proliferation and initiation of differentiation were achieved with a RAR-selective pan-agonist in a subgroup of SLGC lines, whereas RXR-selective pan-agonists (rexinoids) supported proliferation in most SLGC lines. To decipher the RAR-dependent and RAR-independent effects of RXR, the genes encoding the RAR or RXR isotypes were functionally inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing in an IDH1-/p53-positive SLGC line with good responsiveness to RA. Stemness, differentiation capacity, and growth behavior were preserved after editing. Taken together, this manuscript provides evidence about the positive impact of RAR-independent RXR signaling on proliferation, survival, and tumor metabolism in SLGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dabrock
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Natalie Ernesti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Will
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manaf Rana
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadja Leinung
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Phillip Ehrich
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Volker Tronnier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Zechel
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Roth JG, Huang MS, Navarro RS, Akram JT, LeSavage BL, Heilshorn SC. Tunable hydrogel viscoelasticity modulates human neural maturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8313. [PMID: 37862423 PMCID: PMC10588948 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying neurodevelopment. However, current models remain limited in their ability to incorporate tunable biomechanical signaling cues imparted by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The native brain ECM is viscoelastic and stress-relaxing, exhibiting a time-dependent response to an applied force. To recapitulate the remodelability of the neural ECM, we developed a family of protein-engineered hydrogels that exhibit tunable stress relaxation rates. hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) encapsulated within these gels underwent relaxation rate-dependent maturation. Specifically, NPCs within hydrogels with faster stress relaxation rates extended longer, more complex neuritic projections, exhibited decreased metabolic activity, and expressed higher levels of genes associated with neural maturation. By inhibiting actin polymerization, we observed decreased neuritic projections and a concomitant decrease in neural maturation gene expression. Together, these results suggest that microenvironmental viscoelasticity is sufficient to bias human NPC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G. Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Complex in Vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S. Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renato S. Navarro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason T. Akram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bauer L. LeSavage
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Gao J, Lu Y, Luo Y, Duan X, Chen P, Zhang X, Wu X, Qiu M, Shen W. β-Catenin and SOX2 Interaction Regulate Visual Experience-Dependent Cell Homeostasis in the Developing Xenopus Thalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13593. [PMID: 37686400 PMCID: PMC10488257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, sensory experience plays a crucial role in shaping thalamocortical connections for visual processing. However, it is still not clear how visual experience influences tissue homeostasis and neurogenesis in the developing thalamus. Here, we reported that the majority of SOX2-positive cells in the thalamus are differentiated neurons that receive visual inputs as early as stage 47 Xenopus. Visual deprivation (VD) for 2 days shifts the neurogenic balance toward proliferation at the expense of differentiation, which is accompanied by a reduction in nuclear-accumulated β-catenin in SOX2-positive neurons. The knockdown of β-catenin decreases the expression of SOX2 and increases the number of progenitor cells. Coimmunoprecipitation studies reveal the evolutionary conservation of strong interactions between β-catenin and SOX2. These findings indicate that β-catenin interacts with SOX2 to maintain homeostatic neurogenesis during thalamus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
- College of Life and Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yufang Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Xinyi Duan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
- College of Life and Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanhua Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China (M.Q.)
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10
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Mercurio S. SOX2-Sensing: Insights into the Role of SOX2 in the Generation of Sensory Cell Types in Vertebrates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087637. [PMID: 37108798 PMCID: PMC10141063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SOX2 transcription factor is a key regulator of nervous system development, and its mutation in humans leads to a rare disease characterized by severe eye defects, cognitive defects, hearing defects, abnormalities of the CNS and motor control problems. SOX2 has an essential role in neural stem cell maintenance in specific regions of the brain, and it is one of the master genes required for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Sox2 is expressed in sensory organs, and this review will illustrate how it regulates the differentiation of sensory cell types required for hearing, touching, tasting and smelling in vertebrates and, in particular, in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mercurio
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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11
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Chen K, Lu X, Xu D, Guo Y, Ao Y, Wang H. Prenatal exposure to corn oil, CMC-Na or DMSO affects physical development and multi-organ functions in fetal mice. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108366. [PMID: 36958465 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Corn oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are widely used as solvents or suspensions in animal experiments, but the effects of prenatal exposure to them on fetal development have not been reported. In this study, Kunming mice were given a conventional dose of corn oil (9.2g/kg·d), CMC-Na (0.05g/kg·d) or DMSO (0.088g/kg·d) during gestation days 10-18, and the pregnancy outcome, fetal physical development, serum phenotype, and multi-organ function changes were observed. The results showed that corn oil decreased serum triglyceride level in males but increased their serum testosterone and CORT levels, and affected female placenta and female/male multi-organ functions (mainly bone, liver, kidney). CMC-Na increased female/male body lengths and tail lengths, decreased serum glucose and total cholesterol levels in males as well as increased their serum LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and testosterone level, decreased female serum bile acid level, and affected male/female placenta and multi-organ functions (mainly bone, liver, hippocampus). DMSO decreased male body weight and serum glucose level, decreased male/female serum bile acid levels, and affected male/female placenta and multi-organs functions (mainly bone, hippocampus, adrenal gland). In conclusion, prenatal exposure to a conventional dose of corn oil, CMC-Na or DMSO could affect fetal physical development and multi-organ functions, and has the characteristics of "multi-pathway, multi-organ and multi-target". This study provides the experimental basis for the rational selection of solvents or suspensions in pharmacology and toxicology studies. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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12
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Berry KJ, Chandran U, Mu F, Deochand DK, Lei T, Pagin M, Nicolis SK, Monaghan-Nichols AP, Rogatsky I, DeFranco DB. Genomic glucocorticoid action in embryonic mouse neural stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 563:111864. [PMID: 36690169 PMCID: PMC10057471 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) reprograms brain development and predisposes the developing fetus towards potential adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Using a mouse model of sGC administration, previous studies show that these changes are accompanied by sexually dimorphic alterations in the transcriptome of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) derived from the embryonic telencephalon. Because cell type-specific gene expression profiles tightly regulate cell fate decisions and are controlled by a flexible landscape of chromatin domains upon which transcription factors and enhancer elements act, we multiplexed data from four genome-wide assays: RNA-seq, ATAC-seq (assay for transposase accessible chromatin followed by genome wide sequencing), dual cross-linking ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by genome wide sequencing), and microarray gene expression to identify novel relationships between gene regulation, chromatin structure, and genomic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action in NSPCs. These data reveal that GR binds preferentially to predetermined regions of accessible chromatin to influence gene programming and cell fate decisions. In addition, we identify SOX2 as a transcription factor that impacts the genomic response of select GR target genes to sGCs (i.e., dexamethasone) in NSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Berry
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Research Computing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fangping Mu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Research Computing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dinesh K Deochand
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, USA
| | - T Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Miriam Pagin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia K Nicolis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - A Paula Monaghan-Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Hong W, Gong P, Qi G, Wang X, Kang S, Tang H, Qin S. Specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes reduces reactive astrocyte formation and promotes recovery after early postnatal traumatic brain injury in mouse cortex. Glia 2023; 71:602-615. [PMID: 36353976 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, ranging from changes in gene expression and cell hypertrophy to permanent astrocyte borders around stromal cell scars in CNS lesions. The mechanisms underlying injury-induced reactive astrocytes in the adult CNS have been extensively studied. However, little is known about injury-induced reactive astrocytes during early postnatal development. Astrocytes in the mouse cortex are mainly produced through local proliferation during the first 2 weeks after birth. Here we show that Sox2, a transcription factor critical for stem cells and brain development, is expressed in the early postnatal astrocytes and its expression level was increased in reactive astrocytes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) at postnatal day (P) 7 in the cortex. Using a tamoxifen-induced hGFAP-CreERT2; Sox2flox/flox ; Rosa-tdT mouse model, we found that specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes greatly inhibited the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, the formation of glia limitans borders and subsequently promoted the tissue recovery after postnatal TBI at P7 in the cortex. In addition, we found that injury-induced glia limitans borders were still formed at P2 in the wild-type mouse cortex, and knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes inhibited the reactivity of both astrocytes and microglia. Together, these findings provide evidence that Sox2 is essential for the reactivity of astrocytes in response to the cortical TBI during the early postnatal period and suggest that Sox2-dependent astrocyte reactivity is a potential target for therapeutic treatment after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentong Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pifang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Chan JNM, Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Li Y, Benson Wui-Man L. RNA-binding protein signaling in adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982549. [PMID: 36187492 PMCID: PMC9523427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of neurogenesis in the brain, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation, results in the formation of new functional neurons. During embryonic development, neurogenesis is crucial to produce neurons to establish the nervous system, but the process persists in certain brain regions during adulthood. In adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in the hippocampus is accomplished via the division of neural stem cells. Neurogenesis is regulated by multiple factors, including gene expression at a temporal scale and post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding Proteins (RBPs) are known as proteins that bind to either double- or single-stranded RNA in cells and form ribonucleoprotein complexes. The involvement of RBPs in neurogenesis is crucial for modulating gene expression changes and posttranscriptional processes. Since neurogenesis affects learning and memory, RBPs are closely associated with cognitive functions and emotions. However, the pathways of each RBP in adult neurogenesis remain elusive and not clear. In this review, we specifically summarize the involvement of several RBPs in adult neurogenesis, including CPEB3, FXR2, FMRP, HuR, HuD, Lin28, Msi1, Sam68, Stau1, Smaug2, and SOX2. To understand the role of these RBPs in neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation as well as posttranscriptional gene expression, we discussed the protein family, structure, expression, functional domain, and region of action. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the RBPs, their function, and their role in the process of adult neurogenesis as well as to identify possible research directions on RBPs and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lau Benson Wui-Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Lau Benson Wui-Man,
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