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Abolhasani FS, Moein M, Rezaie N, Sheikhimehrabadi P, Shafiei M, Afkhami H, Modaresi M. Occurrence of COVID-19 in cystic fibrosis patients: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356926. [PMID: 38694803 PMCID: PMC11061495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic ailment caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by diverse pathobiological abnormalities, such as the disorder of CFTR channels in mucosal surfaces, caused by inadequate clearance of mucus and sputum, in addition to the malfunctioning of mucous organs. However, the primary motive of mortality in CF patients is pulmonary failure, which is attributed to the colonization of opportunistic microorganisms, formation of resistant biofilms, and a subsequent decline in lung characteristics. In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the radical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a worldwide public health crisis, which unexpectedly spread not only within China but also globally. Given that the respiration system is the primary target of the COVID-19 virus, it is crucial to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis and mortality of CF patients, mainly in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, the goal of this review is to comprehensively review the present literature on the relationship between cystic fibrosis, COVID-19 contamination, and development of ARDS. Several investigations performed during the early stages of the virus outbreak have discovered unexpected findings regarding the occurrence and effectiveness of COVID-19 in individuals with CF. Contrary to initial expectancies, the rate of infection and the effectiveness of the virus in CF patients are lower than those in the overall population. This finding may be attributed to different factors, including the presence of thick mucus, social avoidance, using remedies that include azithromycin, the fairly younger age of CF patients, decreased presence of ACE-2 receptors, and the effect of CFTR channel disorder on the replication cycle and infectivity of the virus. However, it is important to notice that certain situations, which include undergoing a transplant, can also doubtlessly boost the susceptibility of CF patients to COVID-19. Furthermore, with an increase in age in CF patients, it is vital to take into account the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in this population. Therefore, ordinary surveillance of CF patients is vital to evaluate and save the population from the capability of transmission of the virus given the various factors that contribute to the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in this precise organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Abolhasani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Moein
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rezaie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Modaresi
- Pediatric Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Iran CF Foundation (ICFF), Tehran, Iran
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Xiao J, Shen X, Kou R, Wang K, Zhai L, Ding L, Chen H, Mao C. Kirenol inhibits inflammation challenged by lipopolysaccharide through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 autophagy pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109734. [PMID: 36706589 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kirenol is a bioactive substance isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of kirenol has been well documented, its role in autophagy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of kirenol on inflammation challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in acute lung injury (ALI) cell and mouse models and unravel the underlying mechanisms, with a particular focus on autophagy. For this purpose, an ALI cell and mouse models were established, and the effects of kirenol on the expression of molecules related to inflammation and autophagy were examined. The present results revealed that kirenol could significantly inhibit inflammatory cytokines secretion in cells and in the mice injured by LPS; this effect may be attributed to enhanced autophagy as evidenced by the up-regulation of LC3-II and the down-regulation of p62 both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated AMPK and ULK1 increased, while phosphorylated mTOR decreased in the kirenol-treated ALI cell model. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using AMPK inhibitor or 3-MA or chloroquine (CQ) reversed the anti-inflammatory and autophagy-enhancement effects of kirenol exposure in vitro, indicating that kirenol could enhance autophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway. The results of RNA sequencing suggested that kirenol was strongly related to the biological functions of acute inflammatory response and the AMPK signaling pathway. Further in vivo ALI mouse model studies demonstrated the protective role of kirenol against lung inflammation, such as improved histopathology, decreased lung edema, and leukocyte infiltration were abolished by 3-MA. These findings implicate that kirenol can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation via the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Ruiming Kou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China.
| | - Chun Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China.
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TM9SF1 knockdown decreases inflammation by enhancing autophagy in a mouse model of acute lung injury. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12092. [PMID: 36561687 PMCID: PMC9763745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TM9SF1 is a member of the TM9SF (Transmembrane 9 Superfamily Member) family, which usually has a long N-terminal extracellular region and nine transmembrane domains. TM9SF1's biological function and mechanisms in inflammation are yet unknown. Tm9sf1 was shown to be upregulated in the lung tissues of mice suffering from LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Tm9sf1 knockout mice were studied, and it was shown that Tm9sf1 knockout significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by higher survival rate, improved pulmonary vascular permeability, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulated inflammatory cytokines. TM9SF1 was also demonstrated to be a negative regulator of autophagy in the LPS-induced ALI model in vitro and in vivo. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could counteract the beneficial effects of Tm9sf1 knockout on ALI. Therefore, we discover for the first time the role and mechanism of TM9SF1 in LPS-induced ALI and establish a relationship between TM9SF1 regulated autophagy and ALI progression, which may provide novel targets for the treatment of ALI.
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Zhu W, Wang Y, Liu C, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990760. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with various rheumatic diseases. However, more interventions need to be sought. Tripterine, an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, has been widely studied for its powerful anti-inflammatory effect. However, its mechanism of action in treating connective tissue disease-related (CTD)-ILD remains unclear.Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of tripterine in CTD-ILD treatment by combining network pharmacology and an in vivo experiment.Methods: The related targets of tripterine were obtained after searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, GeneCards, Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals database, and SymMap database. Following this, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, GeneCards, Genebank, and DrugBank were used to screen the targets of CTD-ILD. A target-signalling pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape. Additionally, topological analysis was performed. Protein interaction analysis was performed using the STRING online analysis platform. Following this, Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signalling pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Subsequently, the molecular docking between tripterine and the core targets was verified. Finally, experimental verification was performed in bleomycin-induced model mice.Results: A total of 134 common targets and 10 core targets of tripterine, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, protein kinase B (Akt) α (Akt1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, Jun transcription factor family, tumour protein 53, MAPK3, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, and caspase 8, were obtained. GO enrichment analysis revealed that, while treating CTD-ILD, tripterine was mainly involved in cytokine receptor binding, receptor-ligand activity, signal receptor activation, cytokine activity, protein ubiquitination, deoxyribonucleic acid transcriptase activity, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the most significant signalling pathways were multiple viral infections and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, TNF, and apoptosis signalling pathways. Molecular docking results revealed that tripterine had good docking activity with the core targets. Experimental studies also demonstrated that tripterine could inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways in lung tissue and significantly improve lung pathology and collagen deposition in the model mice.Conclusions: This study preliminarily revealed the potential molecular biological mechanism of tripterine while treating CTD-ILD might be related to inhibiting the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. and its extract could be used clinically for treating CTD-ILD.
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Electroacupuncture Preconditioning Alleviates Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Downregulating LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8997173. [PMID: 36310624 PMCID: PMC9613389 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8997173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on the inflammatory response and expression levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 using a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC, n = 6), LSP modeling group (LM, n = 6), and electroacupuncture group (EA, n = 6). Rats in the EA group received electroacupuncture pretreatment at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Chize (LU5) points for five days (30 min each time daily, frequency; 3 Hz/15 Hz, intensity; 1 mA). Rats in the EA and LM groups were then injected with 5 mg/kg LPS (Beijing, Solarbio Company, concentration; 5 mg/mL) through the tail vein, while those in the NC group were injected with 5 mg/kg saline. The animals were sacrificed six hours after LPS or saline injection through cervical vertebrae by dislocation under deep anesthesia. Orbital blood was collected for the analysis of serum inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The lower left lung was excised, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and subjected to histopathological analysis. The mRNA and protein expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 II/I in the lower right lung tissues were detected via RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. The results showed that lung injury score was significantly higher in the LM group than that of the NC group (P < 0.01) and EA group (P < 0.01). The IL-1β contents were significantly decreased in the EA group (P < 0.01) than in the LM group. In contrast, the GF-β contents were increased in the EA group significantly when compared with the LM group (P < 0.01). RT-qPCR and Western blot detection showed that the relative gene expression of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 was significantly lower in the EA group than in the LM group (P < 0.01). However, the relative protein expression level of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 was slightly lower in the EA group than the in LM group (P > 0.05). These results show that electroacupuncture pretreatment reduces the inflammatory response in ALI and can protect lung tissue by inhibiting the gene and protein expression levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1.
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Jahangiri B, Saei AK, Obi PO, Asghari N, Lorzadeh S, Hekmatirad S, Rahmati M, Velayatipour F, Asghari MH, Saleem A, Moosavi MA. Exosomes, autophagy and ER stress pathways in human diseases: Cross-regulation and therapeutic approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166484. [PMID: 35811032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities, such as malformed biomacromolecules and damaged organelles, are degraded and recycled via the lysosomal-dependent pathway. Exosomes, a sub-type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are mostly involved in mediating communication between cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response that is activated to sustain survival in the cells faced with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through a complex network that involves protein synthesis, exosomes secretion and autophagy. Disruption of the critical crosstalk between EVs, UPR and autophagy may be implicated in various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanism(s) behind the coordination of these communication pathways remains obscure. Here, we review the available information on the mechanisms that control autophagy, ER stress and EV pathways, with the view that a better understanding of their crosstalk and balance may improve our knowledge on the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases, where these pathways are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahangiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Ali Kian Saei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Patience O Obi
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Narjes Asghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shirin Hekmatirad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Velayatipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseni Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
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Zhu CL, Xie J, Zhao ZZ, Li P, Liu Q, Guo Y, Meng Y, Wan XJ, Bian JJ, Deng XM, Wang JF. PD-L1 maintains neutrophil extracellular traps release by inhibiting neutrophil autophagy in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949217. [PMID: 36016930 PMCID: PMC9396256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is not only an important molecule in mediating tumor immune escape, but also regulates inflammation development. Here we showed that PD-L1 was upregulated on neutrophils in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Neutrophil specific knockout of PD-L1 reduced lung injury in ARDS model induced by intratracheal LPS injection. The level of NET release was reduced and autophagy is elevated by PD-L1 knockout in ARDS neutrophils both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of autophagy could reverse the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 knockout on NET release. PD-L1 interacted with p85 subunit of PI3K at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in neutrophils from ARDS patients, activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. An extrinsic neutralizing antibody against PD-L1 showed a protective effect against ARDS. Together, PD-L1 maintains the release of NETs by regulating autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ARDS. Anti-PD-L1 therapy may be a promising measure in treating ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-jun Bian
- *Correspondence: Jin-jun Bian, ; Xiao-ming Deng, ; Jia-feng Wang,
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- *Correspondence: Jin-jun Bian, ; Xiao-ming Deng, ; Jia-feng Wang,
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- *Correspondence: Jin-jun Bian, ; Xiao-ming Deng, ; Jia-feng Wang,
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Jia P, Zhang W, Xiang Y, Lu X, Chen X, Pan H, Yi M, Jia K. The Capsid Protein of Nervous Necrosis Virus Antagonizes Host Type I IFN Production by a Dual Strategy to Negatively Regulate Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I-like Receptor Pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:326-336. [PMID: 35777851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a highly pathogenic RNA virus, is a major pathogen in the global aquaculture industry. To efficiently infect fish, NNV must evade or subvert the host IFN for their replication; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we reported that capsid protein (CP) of red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) suppressed the IFN antiviral response to promote RGNNV replication in Lateolabrax japonicus brain cells, which depended on the ARM, S, and P domains of CP. CP showed an indirect or direct association with the key components of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors signaling, L. japonicus TNFR-associated factor 3 (LjTRAF3) and IFN regulatory factor (LjIRF3), respectively, and degraded LjTRAF3 and LjIRF3 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we found that CP potentiated LjTRAF3 K48 ubiquitination degradation in a L. japonicus ring finger protein 114-dependent manner. LjIRF3 interacted with CP through the S domain of CP and the transcriptional activation domain or regulatory domain of LjIRF3. CP promoted LjIRF3 K48 ubiquitination degradation, leading to the reduced phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of LjIRF3. Taken together, we demonstrated that CP inhibited type I IFN response by a dual strategy to potentiate the ubiquitination degradation of LjTRAF3 and LjIRF3. This study reveals a novel mechanism of RGNNV evading host immune response via its CP protein that will provide insights into the complex pathogenesis of NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China; and
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Wiernsperger N, Al-Salameh A, Cariou B, Lalau JD. Protection by metformin against severe Covid-19: an in-depth mechanistic analysis. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2022; 48:101359. [PMID: 35662580 PMCID: PMC9154087 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of Covid-19, several observational studies on diabetes and Covid-19 have reported a favourable association between metformin and Covid-19-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is not surprising since metformin affects many of the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in SARS-CoV-2 immune response, systemic spread and sequelae. A comparison of the multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of Covid-19 progression with metformin's well-known pleiotropic properties suggests that the treatment of patients with this drug might be particularly beneficial. Indeed, metformin could alleviate the cytokine storm, diminish virus entry into cells, protect against microvascular damage as well as prevent secondary fibrosis. Although our in-depth analysis covers many potential metformin mechanisms of action, we want to highlight more particularly its unique microcirculatory protective effects since worsening of Covid-19 disease clearly appears as largely due to severe defects in the structure and functioning of microvessels. Overall, these observations confirm that metformin is a unique, pleiotropic drug that targets many of Covid-19′s pathophysiology processes in a diabetes-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdallah Al-Salameh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; PériTox/UMR-I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laennec, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; PériTox/UMR-I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z. Molecular hydrogen is a potential protective agent in the management of acute lung injury. Mol Med 2022; 28:27. [PMID: 35240982 PMCID: PMC8892414 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a more severe form of ALI, are life-threatening clinical syndromes observed in critically ill patients. Treatment methods to alleviate the pathogenesis of ALI have improved to a great extent at present. Although the efficacy of these therapies is limited, their relevance has increased remarkably with the ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen in the various diseases. The biological effects of molecular hydrogen mainly involve anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and autophagy and cell death modulation. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen on ALI and its underlying mechanisms and aims to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ALI and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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You H, Zhao Q, Dong M. The Key Genes Underlying Pathophysiology Correlation Between the Acute Myocardial Infarction and COVID-19. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2479-2490. [PMID: 35282650 PMCID: PMC8904943 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidences disclose that COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a marked effect on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiology correlation between the AMI and COVID-19 remains vague. Materials and Methods Bioinformatics analyses of the altered transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with AMI and COVID-19 were implemented, including identification of differentially expressed genes and common genes between AMI and COVID-19, protein–protein interactions, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, TF-genes and miRNA coregulatory networks, to explore their biological functions and potential roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AMI. Conclusion Our bioinformatic analyses of gene expression profiling of PBMCs in patients with AMI and COVID-19 provide us with a unique view regarding underlying pathophysiology correlation between the two vital diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, 710068, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, 710068, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mengya Dong, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 256 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86–15802943974, Email
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12
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Ba B, Mayila A, Guo Y, Xu J, Xing S, Cao G. NLRC5 enhances autophagy via inactivation of AKT/mTOR pathway and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:23-30. [PMID: 34802165 PMCID: PMC8781646 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) in cardiac hypertrophy, and to explore the mechanism implicated in this effect Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes using 1 μM of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 12, 24 and 48 h. Overexpression of NLRC5 was induced in H9C2 cells, and the NLRC5 + Ang II-treated cells were exposed to SC9 and 3-methyladenine (3MA). An immunofluorescence assay was used for α-actinin staining, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for NLRC5, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) determination. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the levels of NLRC5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 type I (LC3I), LC3II, sequestosome 1 (p62), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated Akt (pAKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR). The level of NLRC5 was significantly decreased after Ang II treatment in cardiomyocytes, but the levels of ANP and BNP were increased. Overexpression of NLRC5 reduced the cell size, downregulated the levels of ANP and BNP, increased LC3II / LC3I, but decreased p62 in Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In addition, the results from Western blot showed that overexpression of NLRC5 distinctly decreased the ratios of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SC79 and 3MA significantly downregulated the ratio of LC3I/LC3II but increased the level of p62 in NLRC5 + Ang II-treated cells. These results provide a possible novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy that might be useful in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayinsilema Ba
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Abudoukelimu Mayila
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Yankai Guo
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Shifeng Xing
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - GuiQiu Cao
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
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13
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What role for cysteamine in the defence against infection? Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:629-635. [PMID: 34027984 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aminothiol cysteamine has many potential therapeutic applications and is also an endogenous molecule, produced in the body via the activity of pantetheinase enzymes such as vanin-1. This simple small molecule is highly reactive in biological settings and much is yet unknown about its endogenous role in innate immunity to infection, including the impact of cysteamine on bacterial pathogens. We discuss the literature surrounding its biochemistry and challenges to its development as well as the multiple beneficial properties which have been uncovered that support research into its development as novel antimicrobial therapy.
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14
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Wang L, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhang H, Liu H. Necroptosis in Pulmonary Diseases: A New Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737129. [PMID: 34594225 PMCID: PMC8476758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, apoptosis has been the most well-studied regulated cell death (RCD) that has essential functions in tissue homeostasis throughout life. However, a novel form of RCD called necroptosis, which requires receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), has recently been receiving increasing scientific attention. The phosphorylation of RIPK3 enables the recruitment and phosphorylation of MLKL, which oligomerizes and translocates to the plasma membranes, ultimately leading to plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Although apoptosis elicits no inflammatory responses, necroptosis triggers inflammation or causes an innate immune response to protect the body through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Increasing evidence now suggests that necroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases such as systemic inflammation, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the emerging insights of necroptosis and its contribution toward the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiling Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Cai B, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma C, Yi F, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Chen T, Liu H, Liu B, Gao C. USP5 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagic degradation of NLRP3. Autophagy 2021; 18:990-1004. [PMID: 34486483 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1965426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CASP1: caspase 1; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DUBs: deubiquitinases; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MARCHF7/MARCH7: membrane associated RING-CH-type finger 7; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; Nig.: nigericin; NLRC4: NLR family CARD domain containing 4; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PECs: peritoneal exudate cells; PMN: polymorphonuclear; PMs: peritoneal macrophages; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; TLRs: toll like receptors; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Puzyrenko A, Jacobs ER, Sun Y, Felix JC, Sheinin Y, Ge L, Lai S, Dai Q, Gantner BN, Nanchal R, North PE, Simpson PM, Rui H, Benjamin IJ. Pneumocytes are distinguished by highly elevated expression of the ER stress biomarker GRP78, a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in COVID-19 autopsies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:859-868. [PMID: 34382151 PMCID: PMC8357488 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are widely credited with reducing death rates from COVID-19, but the underlying host-viral mechanisms/interactions for morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) describes the severe lung injury, which is pathologically associated with alveolar damage, inflammation, non-cardiogenic edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Because proteostatic pathways play central roles in cellular protection, immune modulation, protein degradation, and tissue repair, we examined the pathological features for the unfolded protein response (UPR) using the surrogate biomarker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2. At autopsy, immunostaining of COVID-19 lungs showed highly elevated expression of GRP78 in both pneumocytes and macrophages compared with that of non-COVID control lungs. GRP78 expression was detected in both SARS-CoV-2-infected and un-infected pneumocytes as determined by multiplexed immunostaining for nucleocapsid protein. In macrophages, immunohistochemical staining for GRP78 from deceased COVID-19 patients was increased but overlapped with GRP78 expression taken from surgical resections of non-COVID-19 controls. In contrast, the robust in situ GRP78 immunostaining of pneumocytes from COVID-19 autopsies exhibited no overlap and was independent of age, race/ethnicity, and gender compared with that from non-COVID-19 controls. Our findings bring new insights for stress-response pathways involving the proteostatic network implicated for host resilience and suggest that targeting of GRP78 expression with existing therapeutics might afford an alternative therapeutic strategy to modulate host-viral interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Puzyrenko
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Juan C Felix
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Linna Ge
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Rahul Nanchal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paula E North
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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17
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Shroff A, Nazarko TY. The Molecular Interplay between Human Coronaviruses and Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:2022. [PMID: 34440791 PMCID: PMC8392315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has instantaneously emerged as a worldwide pandemic. However, humans encountered other coronaviruses in the past, and they caused a broad range of symptoms, from mild to life-threatening, depending on the virus and immunocompetence of the host. Most human coronaviruses interact with the proteins and/or double-membrane vesicles of autophagy, the membrane trafficking pathway that degrades and recycles the intracellular protein aggregates, organelles, and pathogens, including viruses. However, coronaviruses often neutralize and hijack this pathway to complete their life cycle. In this review, we discuss the interactions of human coronaviruses and autophagy, including recent data from SARS-CoV-2-related studies. Some of these interactions (for example, viral block of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion), while being conserved across multiple coronaviruses, are accomplished via different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular interplay between human coronaviruses and autophagy for developing efficient therapies against coronaviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taras Y. Nazarko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
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18
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Sefiani A, Geoffroy CG. The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682259. [PMID: 34220440 PMCID: PMC8249862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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19
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Is there any role of intermittent fasting in the prevention and improving clinical outcomes of COVID-19?: intersection between inflammation, mTOR pathway, autophagy and calorie restriction. Virusdisease 2021; 32:625-634. [PMID: 34104708 PMCID: PMC8177033 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is provoking a global public health crisis. Even though the academic world is intensively pursuing new therapies, there is still no “game changer” in the management of COVID 19. The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an ancient signaling system that has been proposed as a molecular tool used by coronaviruses and other RNA and DNA viruses in order to replicate and persist in the host cell. In recent years, Intermittent Fasting (IF), a practice consisting on a strict calorie restriction during a prolonged period of time during the day, has gained popularity due to its potential benefits in multiple health systems and in regulating inflammation. IF inhibits the mTOR pathway which is similar to the effects of Rapamycin in some animal models. mTOR inhibition and promotion of autophagy could potentially be the link between the possible direct benefits of IF in COVID-19 due to the interruption of the viral cycle (protein synthesis). Besides, IF has shown to be a strong anti-inflammatory in multiple prior studies, and may play a role in attenuating COVID -19 severity. This review hypothesizes the possible intersection between viral, immunological, and metabolic pathways related to mTOR and the potential mechanisms through which IF may improve clinical outcomes. Future prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate intermittent fasting (IF) regimens in order to prevent and treat moderate to severe forms of COVID-19 in humans are needed.
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20
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Pei R, Mao B, Zhao Z, Li H, Lin Y, Lu K. The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a inhibits fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Cell Discov 2021; 7:31. [PMID: 33947832 PMCID: PMC8096138 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. How SARS-CoV-2 regulates cellular responses to escape clearance by host cells is unknown. Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway for the clearance of various cargoes, including viruses. Here, we systematically screened 28 viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and identified that ORF3a strongly inhibited autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. ORF3a colocalized with lysosomes and interacted with VPS39, a component of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex. The ORF3a-VPS39 interaction prohibited the binding of HOPS with RAB7, which prevented the assembly of fusion machinery, leading to the accumulation of unfused autophagosomes. These results indicated the potential mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 escapes degradation; that is, the virus interferes with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, our findings will facilitate strategies targeting autophagy for conferring potential protection against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- grid.439104.b0000 0004 1798 1925Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- grid.439104.b0000 0004 1798 1925Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Binli Mao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihui Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Lin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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21
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Lu C, Wu B, Liao Z, Xue M, Zou Z, Feng J, Sheng J. DUSP1 overexpression attenuates renal tubular mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring Parkin-mediated mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:141-147. [PMID: 33940385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, and renal tubular cell dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many kidney diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) reduced hyperglycemia-mediated mitochondrial damage; however, its role in hyperglycemia-driven dysfunction of tubular cells is still not fully understood. In this study, we found that DUSP1 is reduced in human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells under high-glucose conditions. DUSP1 overexpression in HK-2 cells partially restored autophagic flux, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced reactive oxygen species generation and cell apoptosis under high-glucose conditions. Surprisingly, overexpressing DUSP1 abolished the decrease in mitochondrial parkin expression caused by high-glucose stimulation. In addition, knockdown of parkin in HK-2 cells reversed the effects of DUSP1 overexpression on mitophagy and apoptosis under high-glucose conditions. Overall, these data indicate that DUSP1 plays a defensive role in the pathogenesis of DN by restoring parkin-mediated mitophagy, suggesting that it may be considered a prospective therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuojun Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhouping Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianxun Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Junqin Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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22
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Pereira GJDS, Leão AHFF, Erustes AG, Morais IBDM, Vrechi TADM, Zamarioli LDS, Pereira CAS, Marchioro LDO, Sperandio LP, Lins ÍVF, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Reckziegel P, Smaili SS, Bincoletto C. Pharmacological Modulators of Autophagy as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4067. [PMID: 33920748 PMCID: PMC8071111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of coronaviruses (CoVs) uses the autophagy machinery of host cells to promote their growth and replication; thus, this process stands out as a potential target to combat COVID-19. Considering the different roles of autophagy during viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review, we discuss several clinically used drugs that have effects at different stages of autophagy. Among them, we mention (1) lysosomotropic agents, which can prevent CoVs infection by alkalinizing the acid pH in the endolysosomal system, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, artemisinins, two-pore channel modulators and imatinib; (2) protease inhibitors that can inhibit the proteolytic cleavage of the spike CoVs protein, which is necessary for viral entry into host cells, such as camostat mesylate, lopinavir, umifenovir and teicoplanin and (3) modulators of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, such as rapamycin, heparin, glucocorticoids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (IECAs) and cannabidiol. Thus, this review aims to highlight and discuss autophagy-related drugs for COVID-19, from in vitro to in vivo studies. We identified specific compounds that may modulate autophagy and exhibit antiviral properties. We hope that research initiatives and efforts will identify novel or "off-label" drugs that can be used to effectively treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, reducing the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo José da Silva Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Anderson Henrique França Figueredo Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ingrid Beatriz de Melo Morais
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Talita Aparecida de Moraes Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Lucas dos Santos Zamarioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Cássia Arruda Souza Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Laís de Oliveira Marchioro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ísis Valeska Freire Lins
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘La Zaro Spallanzani’, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘La Zaro Spallanzani’, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
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23
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Li X, Peng C, Zhu Z, Cai H, Zhuang Q. The networks of m 6A-SARS-CoV-2 related genes and immune infiltration patterns in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6273-6288. [PMID: 33647885 PMCID: PMC7993677 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shares some similarities with IPF. SARS-CoV-2 related genes have been reported to be broadly regulated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. Here, we identified the association between m6A methylation regulators, COVID-19 infection pathways, and immune responses in IPF. The characteristic gene expression networks and immune infiltration patterns of m6A-SARS-CoV-2 related genes in different tissues of IPF were revealed. We subsequently evaluated the influence of these related gene expression patterns and immune infiltration patterns on the prognosis/lung function of IPF patients. The IPF cohort was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify the correlations among genes or cells. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the infiltration of 22 types of immune cells. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and proportional hazards model (Cox model) were used to develop the prognosis prediction model. Our research is pivotal for further understanding of the cellular and genetic links between IPF and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to providing new ideas for prognosis assessment and treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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24
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Vij N. Prognosis-Based Early Intervention Strategies to Resolve Exacerbation and Progressive Lung Function Decline in Cystic Fibrosis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020096. [PMID: 33546140 PMCID: PMC7913194 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation(s) in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR), where progressive decline in lung function due to recurring exacerbations is a major cause of mortality. The initiation of chronic obstructive lung disease in CF involves inflammation and exacerbations, leading to mucus obstruction and lung function decline. Even though clinical management of CF lung disease has prolonged survival, exacerbation and age-related lung function decline remain a challenge for controlling the progressive lung disease. The key to the resolution of progressive lung disease is prognosis-based early therapeutic intervention; thus, the development of novel diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers for predicting exacerbation and lung function decline will allow optimal management of the lung disease. Hence, the development of real-time lung function diagnostics such as forced oscillation technique (FOT), impulse oscillometry system (IOS), and electrical impedance tomography (EIT), and novel prognosis-based intervention strategies for controlling the progression of chronic obstructive lung disease will fulfill a significant unmet need for CF patients. Early detection of CF lung inflammation and exacerbations with the timely resolution will not only prolong survival and reduce mortality but also improve quality of life while reducing significant health care costs due to recurring hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Vij
- Precision Theranostics Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; or or ; Tel.: +1-240-623-0757
- VIJ Biotech, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics & Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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25
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Costantini C, van de Veerdonk FL, Romani L. Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: The Other Side of the Coin. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040713. [PMID: 33271780 PMCID: PMC7711593 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a critical factor in the clinical presentation of COVID-19, which may range from asymptomatic to a fatal, multi-organ disease. A dysregulated immune response not only compromises the ability of the host to resolve the viral infection, but may also predispose the individual to secondary bacterial and fungal infections, a risk to which the current therapeutic immunomodulatory approaches significantly contribute. Among the secondary infections that may occur in COVID-19 patients, coronavirus-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is emerging as a potential cause of morbidity and mortality, although many aspects of the disease still remain unresolved. With this opinion, we present the current view of CAPA and discuss how the same mechanisms that underlie the dysregulated immune response in COVID-19 increase susceptibility to Aspergillus infection. Likewise, resorting to endogenous pathways of immunomodulation may not only restore immune homeostasis in COVID-19 patients, but also reduce the risk for aspergillosis. Therefore, CAPA represents the other side of the coin in COVID-19 and our advances in the understanding and treatment of the immune response in COVID-19 should represent the framework for the study of CAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-5858234
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26
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Astaxanthin and its Effects in Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225342. [PMID: 33207669 PMCID: PMC7696511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a natural lipid-soluble and red-orange carotenoid. Due to its strong antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune modulation, astaxanthin has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against various diseases. In the current review, the anti-inflammation mechanisms of astaxanthin involved in targeting for inflammatory biomarkers and multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3, have been described. Furthermore, the applications of anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin in neurological diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic and renal diseases, eye and skin disorders, are highlighted. In addition to the protective effects of astaxanthin in various chronic and acute diseases, we also summarize recent advances for the inconsistent roles of astaxanthin in infectious diseases, and give our view that the exact function of astaxanthin in response to different pathogen infection and the potential protective effects of astaxanthin in viral infectious diseases should be important research directions in the future.
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