1
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Zhao X, Chen T, Liu J, Wang X, Weng Y. Development of antifouling antibacterial polylactic acid (PLA) -based packaging and application for chicken meat preservation. Food Chem 2024; 463:141116. [PMID: 39265408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Microbial contamination is the leading cause of food spoilage and food-borne disease. Here, we developed a multifunctional surface based on polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic with antifouling and antibacterial properties via a facile dual-coating approach. The surface was designed with hierarchical micro/nano-scale roughness and low surface energy. Bactericidal agent polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) was incorporated to endow the film with bactericidal activity. The film had good superhydrophobic, antifouling and antibacterial performance, with a water contact angle of 154.3°, antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus of 99.9 % and 99.6 %, respectively, and biofilm inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus of 63.5 % and 68.9 %, respectively. Synergistic effects of antibacterial adhesion and contact killing of bacteria contributed to the significant antibacterial performance of the film. The biobased biodegradable film was highly effective in preventing microbial growth when applied as antibacterial food packaging for poultry product, extending the shelf life of fresh chicken breast up to eight days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhao
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Ariati R, Souza A, Souza M, Zille A, Soares D, Lima R, Ribeiro J. Mechanical and optical properties assessment of an innovative PDMS/beeswax composite for a wide range of applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106716. [PMID: 39288665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an elastomer that has received primary attention from researchers due to its excellent physical, chemical, and thermal properties, together with biocompatibility and high flexibility properties. Another material that has been receiving attention is beeswax because it is a natural raw material, extremely ductile, and biodegradable, with peculiar hydrophobic properties. These materials are applied in hydrophobic coatings, clear films for foods, and films with controllable transparency. However, there is no study with a wide range of mechanical, optical, and wettability tests, and with various proportions of beeswax reported to date. Thus, we report an experimental study of these properties of pure PDMS with the addition of beeswax and manufactured in a multifunctional vacuum chamber. In this study, we report in a tensile test a 37% increase in deformation of a sample containing 1% beeswax (BW1%) when compared to pure PDMS (BW0%). The Shore A hardness test revealed a 27% increase in the BW8% sample compared to BW0%. In the optical test, the samples were subjected to a temperature of 80 °C and the BW1% sample increased 30% in transmittance when compared to room temperature making it as transparent as BW0% in the visible region. The thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal stability of the BW8% composite up to a temperature of 200 °C. The dynamic mechanical analysis test revealed a 100% increase in the storage modulus of the BW8% composite. Finally, in the wettability test, the composite BW8% presented a contact angle with water of 145°. As a result of this wide range of tests, it is possible to increase the hydrophobic properties of PDMS with beeswax and the composite has great potential for application in smart devices, food and medicines packaging films, and films with controllable transparency, water-repellent surfaces, and anti-corrosive coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Ariati
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Andrews Souza
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; CMEMS - UMinho, Universidade Do Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Souza
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T - Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Delfim Soares
- CMEMS - UMinho, Universidade Do Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ribeiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
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3
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Belgacem SB, Trigui A, Jedidi I, Loukil MS, Calmunger M, Abdmouleh M. Enhancing thermal energy storage properties of blend phase change materials using beeswax. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51504-51520. [PMID: 39112900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to use beeswax, a readily available and cost-effective organic material, as a novel phase change material (PCM) within blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS). LDPE and SEBS act as support materials to prevent beeswax leakage. The physicochemical properties of new blended phase change materials (B-PCM) were determined using an X-ray diffractometer and an infrared spectrometer, confirming the absence of a chemical reaction within the materials. A scanning electron microscope was used for microstructural analysis, indicating that the interconnection of the structure allowed better thermal conductivity. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed enhanced thermal stability for the B-PCM when combined with SEBS, especially within its operating temperature range. Analysis of phase change temperature and latent heat with differential scanning calorimetry showed no major difference in the melting point of the various PCM blends created. During the melting/solidification process, the B-PCMs possess excellent performance as characterized by W70/P30 (112.45 J.g-1) > W70/P20/S10 (94.28 J.g-1) > W70/P10/S20 (96.21 J.g-1) of latent heat storage. Additionally, the blends tend to reduce supercooling compared to pure beeswax. During heating and cooling cycles, the B-PCM exhibited minimal leakage and degradation, especially in blends containing SEBS. In comparison to the rapid temperature drop observed during the cooling process of W70/P30, the temperature decline of W70/P30 was slower and longer, as demonstrated by infrared thermography. The addition of LDPE to the PCM reduced melting time, indicating an improvement in the thermal energy storage reaction time to the demand. According to the obtained findings, increasing the SEBS concentration in the composite increased the thermal stability of the resulting PCM blends significantly. Despite the challenges mentioned earlier, SEBS proved to be an effective encapsulating material for beeswax, whereas LDPE served well as a supporting material. Leak tests were performed to find the ideal mass ratio, and weight loss was analyzed after multiple cycles of cooling and heating at 70 °C. The morphology, thermal characteristics, and chemical composition of the beeswax/LDPE/SEBS composite were all examined. Beeswax proves to be a highly effective phase change material for storing thermal energy within LDPE/SEBS blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Ben Belgacem
- Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environmental (LMSE), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Trigui
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LMMA), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ilyes Jedidi
- Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environmental (LMSE), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Science, Al Jamiaa Street, 311, Sohar, Oman
| | - Mohamed Sahbi Loukil
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Mattias Calmunger
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Makki Abdmouleh
- Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environmental (LMSE), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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4
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Das A, Polacchi L, Courreges C, Fouron JY, Tournier-Couturier L, Billon L, Luengo GS. Evaporative Drying Induced Self-Assembly of Epicuticular Wax: A Biomimetic Approach in Tuning Surface Roughness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7581-7594. [PMID: 38530351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Epicuticular wax is an example of a naturally created functional material that forms a layer on the outermost surface of plants with the objective to protect them from adverse environmental conditions, such as UV-solar radiation, uncontrolled water loss, microbial attacks, and so forth. Their functionalities are often attributed to the chemical composition of the wax as well as the physical structuration formed by the wax crystals on the surface. With this work, we present a simple, one-step biomimetic approach to replicate similar surface structures, on model substrate, using wax extracted from Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla wax). First, we describe formation of structured wax due to self-assembly induced by evaporative drying on quartz plates. Subsequently, we highlight the fundamental physical parameters required to tune the surface morphology. Our experiments reveal that it is possible to achieve considerably diverse surface morphologies depending on the solvent properties and deposition temperature. This diversity is due to the kinetics of recrystallization of wax during evaporation of solvent which, in turn, is primarily driven by the solubility of wax as well as evaporation rate of the solvent. Thus, the final morphology that we obtain is an interplay between recrystallization kinetics and solvent evaporation. Additionally, the degree of crystallinity of the structured films could also be tuned by solvent polarity. Surprisingly, X-ray diffraction indicates that the crystalline structure at the molecular level remains similar to that of bulk Candelilla wax. Our results provide fundamental insights into the replication of epicuticular wax films and identification of tuning parameters to obtain different surface morphologies with the same wax material for potential bioinspired multifunctional coatings in cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities and Self-Assembly, Université de Pau and Pays Adour, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Technopole Hélioparc, 2 avenue Angot, 64053 PAU cedex 09, France
| | - Luca Polacchi
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 1 Av. Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Cécile Courreges
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S-UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64000,France
| | - Jean-Yves Fouron
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 100 Av. de Stalingrad, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
| | | | - Laurent Billon
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities and Self-Assembly, Université de Pau and Pays Adour, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Technopole Hélioparc, 2 avenue Angot, 64053 PAU cedex 09, France
| | - Gustavo S Luengo
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 1 Av. Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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5
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Ropciuc S, Dranca F, Oroian MA, Leahu A, Prisacaru AE, Spinei M, Codină GG. Characterization of Beeswax and Rice Bran Wax Oleogels Based on Different Types of Vegetable Oils and Their Impact on Wheat Flour Dough Technological Behavior during Bun Making. Gels 2024; 10:194. [PMID: 38534612 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Five varieties of vegetable oil underwent oleogelation with two types of wax as follows: beeswax (BW) and rice bran wax (RW). The oleogels were analyzed for their physicochemical, thermal, and textural characteristics. The oleogels were used in the bun dough recipe at a percentage level of 5%, and the textural and rheological properties of the oleogel doughs were analyzed using dynamic and empirical rheology devices such as the Haake rheometer, the Rheofermentometer, and Mixolab. The thermal properties of beeswax oleogels showed a melting peak at a lower temperature for all the oils used compared with that of the oleogels containing rice bran wax. Texturally, for both waxes, as the percentage of wax increased, the firmness of the oleogels increased proportionally, which indicates better technological characteristics for the food industry. The effect of the addition of oleogels on the viscoelastic properties of the dough was measured as a function of temperature. All dough samples showed higher values for G' (storage modulus) than those of G″ (loss modulus) in the temperature range of 20-90 °C, suggesting a solid, elastic-like behavior of all dough samples with the addition of oleogels. The influence of the beeswax and rice bran oleogels based on different types of vegetable oils on the thermo-mechanical properties of wheat flour dough indicated that the addition of oleogels in dough recipes generally led to higher dough stability and lower values for the dough development time and those related to the dough's starch characteristics. Therefore, the addition of oleogels in dough recipes inhibits the starch gelatinization process and increases the shelf life of bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Ropciuc
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Florina Dranca
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mircea Adrian Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ana Leahu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ancuţa Elena Prisacaru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mariana Spinei
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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6
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Al-Mokhalelati K, Karabet F, Allaf A, Naddaf M, Assfour B, Al Lafi A. Silicone oils aided fabrication of paraffin wax coated super-hydrophobic sand: A spectroscopic study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20874. [PMID: 37867885 PMCID: PMC10585292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the global alarm of desertification and boost plant progress in arid and desert environments, super-hydrophobic sand has been suggested and fabricated in numerous researches. In the present work, sand was hydrophobized by coating with a mixture of paraffin wax and silicone oils. The contact angle (CA) of sand with 4.5 w% silicone oils increased from 143.2° to 154.2° with decreasing the chain size of silicone oil, and the further addition of 13.5 w% of paraffin wax produced a super hydrophobic sand with a CA value up to 160° comparing to 154.2° without added paraffin wax. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra suggested the development of inter molecular forces between silicone oil and sand as well as between paraffin and silicone oil, the driving force of which was the variation in viscosity of silicone oils. The later was higher in the case of lower molecular weight silicone oil. In particular, analyzing the characteristic bands of -(CH2)n-in paraffin wax, i.e. the corresponding bands at 720, 730, 1460 and 1470 cm-1 and the two bands at 1020 and 1095 cm-1 of silicone oil revealed that two roles of paraffin were taking place. While paraffin was placed between sand and silicone oil, it coated the sand particles when lower molecular weight silicone oil was used in the first procedures, whereas it coated the higher molecular weight silicone oil in the second procedures. Molecular dynamic calculation has been performed and confirmed the previous reached conclusions and showed that paraffin molecules were encapsulated in a silicone oil shell. The average adsorption energy of paraffin and silicon oil molecules on sand particles were 29.5 and 38.9 kcal mol-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Al-Mokhalelati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - F. Karabet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A.W. Allaf
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, P.O.Box 6091, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - M. Naddaf
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, P.O.Box 6091, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - B. Assfour
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, P.O.Box 6091, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A.G. Al Lafi
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, P.O.Box 6091, Syrian Arab Republic
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7
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Flores-García CL, Medina-Herrera N, Rodríguez-Romero BA, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Rojas R, Meza-Carranco Z. Impact of Fat Replacement by Using Organic-Candelilla-Wax-Based Oleogels on the Physicochemical and Sensorial Properties of a Model Cookie. Gels 2023; 9:636. [PMID: 37623091 PMCID: PMC10453563 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleogelation is an alternative process to improve the nutritional properties of food by creating soft-matter structures with the same functionality as commercial fats (shortenings). In this study, oleogels were produced by adding organic candelilla wax at 3% (OC03), 6% (OC06), and 9% (OC09) to extra-virgin linseed oil, and then characterized by their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the physicochemical and sensorial properties of five cookie formulations were evaluated. Organic candelilla wax influenced the oleogel formulations, giving higher values of color (L* and b*), texture, acidity index, and melting point. In the cookie formulations, the luminosity values decreased when the percentage of oleogel was increased; reddish trends were obtained (a* values) for the cookie where 70% of the fat was replaced by the oleogel (C70), and more yellow trends were obtained (b* values) for C100. The moisture content was higher in cookies with oleogels, but it was within quality limits. The percentage of fat migration was lower in cookies with a mixture of fats and oleogels. In terms of hardness, the substitution of oleogels resulted in softer cookies. In terms of the sensory evaluation, the most accepted cookie was C70. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of using organic-candelilla-wax-based oleogels in a real food model rich in unsaturated fats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guillermo Cristian Guadalupe Martínez-Ávila
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Av. Francisco Villa S/N, Col. Ex Hacienda el Canadá, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (C.L.F.-G.); (N.M.-H.); (B.A.R.-R.); (Z.M.-C.)
| | - Romeo Rojas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Av. Francisco Villa S/N, Col. Ex Hacienda el Canadá, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (C.L.F.-G.); (N.M.-H.); (B.A.R.-R.); (Z.M.-C.)
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8
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Sun J, Li R, Wang X, Zhao C, Song Q, Liu F, Wang Z, Liu C, Zhang X. Marine oil spill remediation by Candelilla wax modified coal fly ash cenospheres. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138619. [PMID: 37031841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable candelilla wax (CW) was creatively used for hydrophobic modification of coal fly ash cenospheres (FACs), a waste product from thermal power plants, and a new spherical hollow particulate adsorbent with fast oil adsorption rate and easy agglomeration was prepared. CW was confirmed to physically coat FACs and the optimum mass of wax added to 3 g of FACs was 0.05 g. From a series of batch scale experiments, CW-FACs were found to adsorb oil, reaching adsorption efficiency of 80.6% within 10 s, and aggregate into floating clumps which were easily removed from the water's surface. The oil adsorption efficiency was highly dependent on hydrophobicity of the used adsorbent, the adsorption of Venezuela oil onto CW-FACs was found to be a homogenous monolayer, and the capacity and intensity of the adsorption decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 40 °C. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit, with the maximum adsorption capacity achieved at 649.38 mg/g. CW-FACs were also found to be highly stable in concentrated acid, alkaline and salt solutions, as well as for spills of different oil products. Furthermore, the retention rate of the oil adsorption capacity of the CW-FACs after 6 cycles of adsorption-extraction was as high as 93.2%. Therefore, CW-FACs can be widely used, easily recycled, and reused for marine oil spill remediation, which is also a good alternative disposal solution for FACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Ran Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Quanwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, China; CNPC Safety and Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
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9
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Al-Mokhalelati K, Karabet F, Allaf AW, Naddaf M, Al Lafi AG. Spectroscopic investigations to reveal synergy between polystyrene waste and paraffin wax in super-hydrophobic sand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9810. [PMID: 37330582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand based superhydrophobic materials, such as paraffin-coated sand, are the focus of global research to fight land desertification. The present work investigates the development of paraffin-coated sand with extending service life as well as improving and stabilizing hydrophobic property by adding plastic waste. While the addition of polyethylene (PE) did not improve the hydrophobic property of paraffin coated sand, incorporating 4.5% of polystyrene (PS) in the composition of coated sand increased the contact angle. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) indicated that PS increased the molecular orientation of sand and reduced the thickness of the paraffin coating. Paraffin on the other hand improved the distribution of PS and prevented aggregation with sand. Both FTIR bands at 1085 cm-1 and 462 cm-1 were more sensitive to change in PS contents, while other bands at 780 cm-1 and 798 cm-1 were more sensitive to change in paraffin contents. Moreover, the XRD patterns of sand were split into two components by the addition of PS indicating the transformation of morphology to less ordered or more distorted form. 2D-COS is a powerful tool to reveal harmony of components in mixtures, extract information related to the role of each of them, and help in decision-making process regarding choosing the appropriate recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Al-Mokhalelati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - F Karabet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A W Allaf
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - M Naddaf
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A G Al Lafi
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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10
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Sakulthaew C, Chokejaroenrat C, Panya S, Songsasen A, Poomipuen K, Imman S, Suriyachai N, Kreetachat T, Comfort S. Developing a Slow-Release Permanganate Composite for Degrading Aquaculture Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1025. [PMID: 37370344 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copious use of antibiotics in aquaculture farming systems has resulted in surface water contamination in some countries. Our objective was to develop a slow-release oxidant that could be used in situ to reduce antibiotic concentrations in discharges from aquaculture lagoons. We accomplished this by generating a slow-release permanganate (SR-MnO4-) that was composed of a biodegradable wax and a phosphate-based dispersing agent. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and its synergistic antibiotics were used as representative surrogates. Kinetic experiments verified that the antibiotic-MnO4- reactions were first-order with respect to MnO4- and initial antibiotic concentration (second-order rates: 0.056-0.128 s-1 M-1). A series of batch experiments showed that solution pH, water matrices, and humic acids impacted SDM degradation efficiency. Degradation plateaus were observed in the presence of humic acids (>20 mgL-1), which caused greater MnO2 production. A mixture of KMnO4/beeswax/paraffin (SRB) at a ratio of 11.5:4:1 (w/w) was better for biodegradability and the continual release of MnO4-, but MnO2 formation altered release patterns. Adding tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) into the composite resulted in delaying MnO2 aggregation and increased SDM removal efficiency to 90% due to the increased oxidative sites on the MnO2 particle surface. The MnO4- release data fit the Siepmann-Peppas model over the long term (t < 48 d) while a Higuchi model provided a better fit for shorter timeframes (t < 8 d). Our flow-through discharge tank system using SRB with TKPP continually reduced the SDM concentration in both DI water and lagoon wastewater. These results support SRB with TKPP as an effective composite for treating antibiotic residues in aquaculture discharge water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Sakulthaew
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sidaporn Panya
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Apisit Songsasen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Poomipuen
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saksit Imman
- Integrated Biorefinery Excellent Center (IBC), School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Suriyachai
- Integrated Biorefinery Excellent Center (IBC), School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Torpong Kreetachat
- Integrated Biorefinery Excellent Center (IBC), School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Steve Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
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11
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Chua MX, Cheah YT, Tan WH, Chan DJC. A novel cultivation platform of duckweed (Lemna minor) via application of beeswax superhydrophobic coatings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115544. [PMID: 36822535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional establishment of laboratory cultures of duckweed Lemna minor are prepared in beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks or Schott bottles. These conventional cultivation methods limit the available surface area for growth which then causes layering of fronds that reduces the efficiency of plants in sunlight capturing. Here, acrylic sheets were spray-coated with a superhydrophobic (SHP) beeswax suspension and these coated acrylic sheets were used as a novel cultivation platform for L. minor. L. minor was grown for 7 days in conventional glass jar which acted as the control and were compared to SHP coated acrylic (SHPA) and SHP coated acrylic with aluminium mesh centrally placed (SHPAM) at similar duration and cultivation conditions. Addition of mesh was to entrap the plantlets and fixed the plantlets' position on the growing platform. The effects of cultivation platforms on growth rate and biochemical compositions of L. minor were monitored. The highest biomass growth was obtained from SHPA cultivation where the relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.0909 ± 0.014 day-1 and the RGR was 2.17 times higher than the control. Moreover, L. minor harvested from SHPA displayed the highest values in total protein content, total carbohydrates content and crude lipid percentage. The values were 156.04 ± 12.13 mg/g, 94.75 ± 9.02 mg/g and 7.09 ± 1.14% respectively. However, the control showed the highest total chlorophyll content which was 0.7733 ± 0.042 mg/g FW. Although SHPA obtained a slightly lower chlorophyll content than the control, this growing platform is still promising as it displayed the highest growth rate as well as other biochemical composition. Hence, this study proved that the proposed method that applied superhydrophobic properties in cultivation of L. minor provided a larger surface area for L. minor to grow, which then resulted in a greater biomass production while simultaneously maintaining the quality of the biochemical compositions of duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xia Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yi Tong Cheah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Win Hung Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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12
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Nguyen TT, Tran VT, Pham THN, Nguyen VT, Thanh NC, Thi HMN, Duy NVA, Thanh DN, Nguyen VTT. Influences of Material Selection, Infill Ratio, and Layer Height in the 3D Printing Cavity Process on the Surface Roughness of Printed Patterns and Casted Products in Investment Casting. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020395. [PMID: 36838095 PMCID: PMC9965826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As 3D-printed (3DP) patterns are solid and durable, they can be used to create thin wall castings, which is complicated with wax patterns because of the wax's fragility and high shrinkage ratio. According to this study's experiment results, polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and castable wax (CW) are suitable materials for preparing investment casting (IC) cavities. The results indicate that the casting product with the highest-quality surface is obtained using a cavity prepared using a CW-printed pattern. PLA- and PVB-printed patterns provide a good surface finish for casted products. In addition, the roughness of both the printed and casted surfaces increases as the printing layer height increases. The roughness of the casted surface varies from 2.25 μm to 29.17 μm. This investigation also considers the correlation between the infill ratio and mechanical properties of PLA-printed patterns. An increase in the infill ratios from 0% to 100% leads to a significant increase in the tensile properties of the PLA-printed pattern. The obtained results can be practically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tan Nguyen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Van Tron Tran
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Nga Pham
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Van-Thuc Nguyen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Chi Thanh
- Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Hong Minh Nguyen Thi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 113000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Anh Duy
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Duy Nguyen Thanh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Tien Nguyen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
- Faculty of Mechanical Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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13
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Valorization of Wild-Type Cannabis indica by Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Insights into the Utilization of Raffinate Biomass. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010207. [PMID: 36615400 PMCID: PMC9822091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical CO2 extraction (SCCO2) extraction of cannabis oil from Indian cannabis (Cannabis indica) leaves was optimized through a central composite design using CO2 pressure (150-250 bar), temperature (30-50 °C) and time (1-2 h). From the regression model, the optimal CO2 pressure, extraction temperature and time were 250 bar, 43 °C and 1.7 h, respectively resulting in the experimental yield of 4.9 wt% of cannabis oil via SCCO2 extraction. The extract contained cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol as well as two terpenoids such as cis-caryophyllene and α-humulene. Besides SCCO2 extraction of cannabis oil, the raffinate biomass was utilized to extract polyphenols using water as the extraction medium. Cannabis oil and water extractive were investigated for their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, which were found to be 1.3 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively. This is comparable to the commercially available antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytoluene with an IC50 value of 0.5 mg/mL. This work on SCCO2 extraction of cannabinoids and other valuable bioactive compounds provides an environmentally sustainable technique to valorize cannabis leaves.
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14
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Samyn P, Rastogi VK. Stabilization of an Aqueous Bio-Based Wax Nano-Emulsion through Encapsulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234329. [PMID: 36500952 PMCID: PMC9737540 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The emulsification of biowaxes in an aqueous environment is important to broaden their application range and make them suitable for incorporation in water-based systems. The study here presented proposes a method for emulsification of carnauba wax by an in-situ imidization reaction of ammonolysed styrene (maleic anhydride), resulting in the encapsulation of the wax into stabilized organic nanoparticles. A parameter study is presented on the influences of wax concentrations (30 to 80 wt.-%) and variation in reaction conditions (degree of imidization) on the stability and morphology of the nanoparticles. Similar studies are done for encapsulation and emulsification of paraffin wax as a reference material. An analytical analysis with Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy indicated different reactivity of the waxes towards encapsulation, with the bio-based carnauba wax showing better compatibility with the formation of imidized styrene (maleic anhydride) nanoparticles. The latter can be ascribed to the higher functionality of the carnauba wax inducing more interactions with the organic nanoparticle phase compared to paraffin wax. In parallel, the thermal and mechanical stability of nanoparticles with encapsulated carnauba wax is higher than paraffin wax, as studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. In conclusion, a stable aqueous emulsion with a maximum of 70 wt.-% encapsulated carnauba wax was obtained, being distributed as a droplet phase in 200 nm organic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- Chair of Bio-Based Materials Engineering, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstrasse 6, D-95070 Freiburg, Germany
- SIRRIS—Department Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, Wetenschapspark 3, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Vibhore K. Rastogi
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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15
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Al-Shehri BM, Haddadi T, M. Alasmari E, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Mohammed MEA, Sager Alotaibi M, El-Niweiri MAA, Hamdi Assiri A, Khayyat MM. Effect of Storage Time and Floral Origin on the Physicochemical Properties of Beeswax and the Possibility of Using It as a Phase Changing Material in the Thermal Storage Energy Technology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233920. [PMID: 36496728 PMCID: PMC9736214 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beeswax is a natural product that is primarily produced by honey bees of the genus Apis. It has many uses in various kinds of industries, including pharmacy and medicine. This study investigated the effect of storage and floral origin on some physicochemical properties of four beeswax samples. The floral origin of the beeswax samples was determined microscopically and the investigated physical properties were the melting point, color, surface characteristics and thermal behavior. The studied chemical constituents were the acid value, ester value, saponification value and the ester/acid ratio. The FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD and TGF techniques were applied to meet the objectives of this study. The physical properties of the beeswax were affected by the storage period and floral origin. The melting point of the beeswax samples significantly increased with the increase in the storage time, from 61.5 ± 2.12 °C for the 3 month sample to 74.5 ± 3.54 °C for the 2 year stored sample (p-value = 0.027). The acid values of the 3 month, 6 month, 1 year and 2 years stored samples were 19.57 ± 0.95, 22.95 ± 1.91, 27 ± 1.91 and 34.42 ± 0.95 mgKOH/g, respectively. The increase in the acid value was significant (p-value = 0.002). The ester values of the studied beeswax samples significantly increased with the increase in storage time as follows: 46.57 ± 2.86 mgKOH/g for the 3 month stored sample, 66.14 ± 3.82 mgKOH/g for the 6 month stored sample, 89.77 ± 0.95 mgKOH/g for the one year stored sample and 97.19 ± 1.91 mgKOH/g for the 2 year stored sample (p-value ≤ 0.001). Similarly, the saponification value and the carbon percentages increased with the increase in storage time. Unlike the results of the chemical components, the oxygen percentage decreased with the increase in storage time as follows: 11.24% (3 month), 10.31% (6 month), 7.97% (one year) and 6.74% (two year). The storage and floral origin of beeswax significantly affected its physicochemical properties in a way that qualify it to act as a phase changing material in the thermal storage energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badria M. Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.M.A.-S.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Thahabh Haddadi
- King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Alasmari
- King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.M.A.-S.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mogbel Ahmed Abdalla El-Niweiri
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bee Research, Environment and Natural Resources & Desertification Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 6096, Sudan
| | - Abdulrahman Hamdi Assiri
- The Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, Asir Region, King Abdullah Road, Abha 62221, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Khayyat
- King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Cruz RMS, Krauter V, Krauter S, Agriopoulou S, Weinrich R, Herbes C, Scholten PBV, Uysal-Unalan I, Sogut E, Kopacic S, Lahti J, Rutkaite R, Varzakas T. Bioplastics for Food Packaging: Environmental Impact, Trends and Regulatory Aspects. Foods 2022; 11:3087. [PMID: 36230164 PMCID: PMC9563026 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to develop and produce eco-friendly alternatives for food packaging is increasing. The huge negative impact that the disposal of so-called "single-use plastics" has on the environment is propelling the market to search for new solutions, and requires initiatives to drive faster responses from the scientific community, the industry, and governmental bodies for the adoption and implementation of new materials. Bioplastics are an alternative group of materials that are partly or entirely produced from renewable sources. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. This review presents the different properties of these materials, mechanisms of biodegradation, and their environmental impact, but also presents a holistic overview of the most important bioplastics available in the market and their potential application for food packaging, consumer perception of the bioplastics, regulatory aspects, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M S Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ramona Weinrich
- Department of Consumer Behaviour in the Bioeconomy, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 49, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Herbes
- Institute for International Research on Sustainable Management and Renewable Energy, Nuertingen Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nuertingen, Germany
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables, Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- CiFOOD-Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ece Sogut
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32200 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Samir Kopacic
- Institute for Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johanna Lahti
- Sustainable Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Visiokatu 4, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ramune Rutkaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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17
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Study of gellan gum films reinforced with eggshell nanoparticles for the elaboration of eco-friendly packaging. FOOD STRUCTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Effect of Increased Powder-Binder Adhesion by Backbone Grafting on the Properties of Feedstocks for Ceramic Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173653. [PMID: 36080728 PMCID: PMC9460726 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The good interaction between the ceramic powder and the binder system is vital for ceramic injection molding and prevents the phase separation during processing. Due to the non-polar structure of polyolefins such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the polar surface of ceramics such as zirconia, there is not appropriate adhesion between them. In this study, the effect of adding high-density polyethylene grafted with acrylic acid (AAHDPE), with high polarity and strong adhesion to the powder, on the rheological, thermal and chemical properties of polymer composites highly filled with zirconia and feedstocks was evaluated. To gain a deeper understanding of the effect of each component, formulations containing different amounts of HDPE and or AAHDPE, zirconia and paraffin wax (PW) were prepared. Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rotational and capillary rheology were used for the characterization of the different formulations. The ATR analysis revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups on the zirconia surface and AAHDPE. The improved powder-binder adhesion in the formulations with more AAHDPE resulted in a better powder dispersion and homogeneous mixtures, as observed by SEM. DSC results revealed that the addition of AAHDPE, PW and zirconia effect the melting and crystallization temperature and crystallinity of the binder, the polymer-filled system and feedstocks. The better powder--binder adhesion and powder dispersion effectively decreased the viscosity of the highly filled polymer composites and feedstocks with AAHDPE; this showed the potential of grafted polymers as binders for ceramic injection molding.
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19
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Liu Y, He Y, Liu Y, Tao S, Liu W. Assessing spatiotemporal sources of biogenic and anthropogenic sedimentary organic matter from the mainstream Haihe River, China: Using n-alkanes as indicators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155382. [PMID: 35460792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentary organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the transportation and transformation of various pollutants and the carbon cycle in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, especially for seagoing rivers. However, few studies have focused on the sources and factors of SOM in rivers under the significant pressure of high urbanization and industrialization. In this study, we adopted the molecular markers of n-alkanes and their proxies in the mainstream Haihe River to reveal the spatiotemporal distributions and biogenic and anthropogenic sources of SOM. The concentrations of Σ29n-alkanes, Σbiogenicn-alkanes, and Σanthropogenicn-alkanes were 4985.6 (127.5-26,296.6), 1872.1 (38.1-9216.9), and 3113.5 (89.4-18,259.7) ng·g-1 dw (dry weight), respectively. Hybrid sources of n-alkanes were found in this study. The composition distribution and proxies of n-alkanes showed that woody and herbaceous plants are the main sources of biogenic SOM, while incomplete fossil fuel burning and heavy oil emissions served as the main contributors to anthropogenic SOM in the mainstream Haihe River, especially through industrial activities. The average chain length of biogenic n-alkanes (ACLbio) was verified to quantify the relative contributions of biogenic sources of SOM and proxies; the average chain length of anthropogenic n-alkanes (ACLanthro), and the ratio of unit short‑carbon to unit long‑carbon anthropogenic n-alkanes (L/H) were verified to quantify the relative contributions of anthropogenic sources of SOM in the river system. Impacts from sedimentary geochemistry (such as total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size of sediments) on n-alkanes were explored, and the correlations of Σ29n-alkanes with TOC and grain size of the river sediment indicated that terrestrial organic matter was the main source of SOM, while emissions from incomplete combustion and intensive manufacturer activities should also not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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20
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Physicochemical assessment of waxy products directly recovered from plastic waste pyrolysis: review and synthesis of characterization techniques. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Assessment of physicochemical, functional, thermal, and phytochemical characteristics of refined rice bran wax. Food Chem 2022; 396:133737. [PMID: 35870241 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The drastic increase in the utilization and conversion of biomass has been an effect of sustainability and circular economy in the food processing sector. Rice bran wax (RBW), an intermediate by-product of rice bran oil refining industries, has been one of the underutilized waste materials. The FT-IR analysis showed that RBW contains many similar compounds to that of beeswax (BW) and carnauba wax (CW). The DSC thermographs showed melting and crystallization temperatures of RBW as 78.55 and 73.43 °C, respectively, lesser than CW and more than BW. The peak profiling of XRD diffractographs has shown full-width at half-maximum of CW and RBW as 0.61 and 0.45, respectively, indicating distortion in crystal formation. The sequential extracts of RBW in hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate have shown antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. typhi. The research provides a baseline for extraction and separation of specialty compounds from RBW for by-product utilization.
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22
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Wei Z, Ma X, Zhao H, Wu X, Guo Q. Accelerable Self-Sintering of Solvent-Free Molybdenum/Wax Biodegradable Composites for Multimodally Transient Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33472-33481. [PMID: 35830227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable conductive composites are key materials or components for printable transient electronics that can be fabricated in a low-cost and high-efficiency manner, thereby boosting their wide applications in biomedical engineering, hardware security, and environmental-friendly electronics. Continuous efforts in this area still lie in the development of strategies for highly conductive, safe, and reliable biodegradable conductive composite materials and devices. This paper introduces molybdenum/wax composites for multimodally printable transient electronics in which multiple transience modes including dissolution-induced degradation and thermally triggered degradation are available. Systematic experiments demonstrate several advantages and unique properties of this material system, including solvent-free fabrication, self-sintering behavior, and long-term and high conductivity via accelerable self-sintering treatment and rehealing capabilities. Notably, the immersion of molybdenum/wax composites in phosphate buffer solution can provide both positive effects (accelerated self-sintering-dominated) and negative effects (degradation-dominated) on their electrical conductivities. Mechanism analyses reveal the basis for balancing the degradation and accelerated self-sintering processes. The presented demonstrations foreshadow opportunities of the developed molybdenum/wax composites in rehealable electronics, on-demand smart transient electronics with multiple transience modes, and many other related unusual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Wei
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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23
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Núñez-García IC, Rodríguez-Flores LG, Guadiana-De-Dios MH, González-Hernández MD, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Laredo R, Rosas-Flores W, Martínez-Gómez VJ, Rojas R, Villanueva-Fierro I, Rutiaga-Quiñones M. Candelilla Wax Extracted by Traditional Method and an Ecofriendly Process: Assessment of Its Chemical, Structural and Thermal Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:3735. [PMID: 35744863 PMCID: PMC9229472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study was carried out on the chemical, structural and thermal properties of candelilla wax from four wax-producing communities in Mexico, which was obtained by two extraction processes, the conventional one using sulfuric acid (SA) and an eco-friendly alternative process using citric acid (CA) as the extracting agent. The waxes were analyzed by basic chemistry (acidity, saponification, ester indexes, and others), color, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and hardness and brittleness measurements. The waxes obtained by the environmentally friendly process showed differences in their physicochemical properties when compared to waxes from the conventional process. In addition, they showed some improvements, such as lighter shades and harder waxes, suggesting that the new environmentally friendly process is a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel C. Núñez-García
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
| | - Linda G. Rodríguez-Flores
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
| | - Michelle H. Guadiana-De-Dios
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.H.G.-D.-D.); (M.D.G.-H.); (R.R.)
| | - María D. González-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.H.G.-D.-D.); (M.D.G.-H.); (R.R.)
| | - Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.H.G.-D.-D.); (M.D.G.-H.); (R.R.)
| | - José A. Gallegos-Infante
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
| | - Rubén González-Laredo
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
| | - Walfred Rosas-Flores
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
| | - Victor J. Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
- Cátedras-Conacyt TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico
| | - Romeo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.H.G.-D.-D.); (M.D.G.-H.); (R.R.)
| | - Ignacio Villanueva-Fierro
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Calle Sigma 119, 20 de Noviembre II, Durango 34220, Durango, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Rutiaga-Quiñones
- Departamento de Ings. Química-Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Nueva Vizcaya, Durango 34080, Durango, Mexico; (I.C.N.-G.); (L.G.R.-F.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.G.-L.); (W.R.-F.); (V.J.M.-G.)
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Beluns S, Platnieks O, Sevcenko J, Jure M, Gaidukova G, Grase L, Gaidukovs S. Sustainable Wax Coatings Made from Pine Needle Extraction Waste for Nanopaper Hydrophobization. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050537. [PMID: 35629863 PMCID: PMC9145576 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We combine renewable and waste materials to produce hydrophobic membranes in the present work. Cellulose nanopaper prepared from paper waste was used as a structural component for the membrane. The pine wax was reclaimed from pine needle extraction waste and can be regarded as a byproduct. The dip-coating and spray-coating methods were comprehensively compared. In addition, the solubility of wax in different solvents is reported, and the concentration impact on coating quality is presented as the change in the contact angle value. The sensile drop method was used for wetting measurements. Spray-coating yielded the highest contact angle with an average of 114°, while dip-coating reached an average value of 107°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for an in-depth comparison of surface morphology. It was observed that coating methods yield significantly different microstructures on the surface of cellulose fibers. The wax is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Pine wax has a melting temperature of around 80 °C and excellent thermal stability in oxygen, with a degradation peak above 290 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify characteristic groups of components and show the changes on coated nanopaper. Overall, the results of this work yield important insight into wax-coated cellulose nanopapers and a comparison of spray- and dip-coating methods. The prepared materials have a potential application as membranes and packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Beluns
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Jekaterina Sevcenko
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (J.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Mara Jure
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (J.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Gerda Gaidukova
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Liga Grase
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
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25
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Characterisation of carbon paste electrodes bulk-modified with surfactants for measurements in nonaqueous media. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Gundev P, Chauhan K, Sachdev D, Swer TL. Formulation and characterization of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) microspheres using natural beeswax as encapsulating material. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Promita Gundev
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat Haryana‐131028
| | - Komal Chauhan
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat Haryana‐131028
| | - Divya Sachdev
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat Haryana‐131028
| | - Tanya Luva Swer
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat Haryana‐131028
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27
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Barrier Dispersion-Based Coatings Containing Natural and Paraffin Waxes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030930. [PMID: 35164198 PMCID: PMC8839680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroleum, synthetic, and natural waxes have been used as hydrophobic bases for dispersions intended for use as barrier coatings for packaging paper. Oil-in-water dispersions with alkaline pH were prepared by a two-step homogenization procedure containing paraffin wax, with various characteristics, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis product or beeswax. The size of the dispersed particles determined by dynamic light scattering depended on the type of hydrophobic base used and was in the range of 350–440 nm. The ability of dispersion particles in aggregation driven by electrostatic attraction, evaluated by Zeta potential analysis by electrophoretic light scattering, was from −26 to −50 mV. Static multiply light scattering was used for 30 days of stability assessment and helped to select the dispersion with a Sarawax SX70 wax base as the most stable. Dispersions were further used for coating the backing of kraft paper by the Meyer rod method. Coated paper with an applied coating of 6 g/m2 had very good hydrophobic properties (Cobb60 < 4 g/m2), sufficient strength properties, and air permeation, which enabled its application as a packaging material. The dispersions based on Sarawax SX70 wax were evaluated as the best coating for Mondi ProVantage Kraftliner 125 g/m2 backing paper. Good hydrophobic properties and strength properties indicate the possibility of using the SX70-based wax dispersion coating as a replacement for PFAS coatings in some applications.
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28
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Low-Cost Multifunctional Vacuum Chamber for Manufacturing PDMS Based Composites. MACHINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/machines10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the best known elastomers and has been used in several areas of activity, due to its excellent characteristics and properties, such as biocompatibility, flexibility, optical transparency and chemical stability. Furthermore, PDMS modified with other materials promotes the desired changes to broaden its range of applications in various fields of science. However, the heating, mixing and degassing steps of the manufacturing process have not received much attention in recent years when it comes to blending with solid materials. For instance, PDMS has been extensively studied in combination with waxes, which are frequently in a solid state at room temperature and as a result the interaction and manufacturing process are extremely complex and can compromise the desired material. Thus, in this work it is proposed a multifunctional vacuum chamber (MVC) with the aim to improve and accelerate the manufacturing process of PDMS composites combined with additives, blends and different kinds of solid materials. The MVC developed in this work allows to control the mixing speed parameters, temperature control and internal pressure. In addition, it is a low cost equipment and can be used for other possible modifications with different materials and processes with the ability to control those parameters. As a result, samples fabricated by using the MVC can achieve a time improvement over 133% at the heating and mixing step and approximately 200% at the last degassing step. Regarding the complete manufacturing process, it is possible to achieve an improvement over 150%, when compared with the conventional manufacturing process. When compared to maximum tensile strength, specimens manufactured using the MVC have shown a 39% and 65% improvement in maximum strain. The samples have also shown a 9% improvement in transparency at room temperature and 12% at a temperature of about 75 °C. It should be noted that the proposed MVC can be used for other blends and manufacturing processes where it is desirable to control the temperature, agitation speed and pressure.
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29
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Joseph-Leenose-Helen J, Noor N, Mushtaq M, Gani A. Ultrasonics as a tool for development of pine-needle extract loaded bee wax edible packaging for value addition of Himalayan cheese. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105914. [PMID: 35063728 PMCID: PMC8784324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Himalayan cheese, kradi was coated with beeswax loaded with pine needle extract (PNE) to increase its shelf life and nutraceutical potential. PNE was extracted via ultrasonication and incorporated into beeswax at concentrations, 2:1, 1:1, and 2:3 (grams of beeswax to mL of PNE). The dispersion of PNE in the coatings was carried out using an ultrasonic probe at a frequency of 20 kHz for 15 min and at power rating of 500 W. The coatings were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. DLS revealed a hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of 12.11 ± 0.41 µm and -19.32 ± 0.61 mV for coating loaded with highest concentration of PNE. The bioactivities of the coating including antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial assays revealed significantly higher values with the increase in PNE concentration. Shelf life and sensory evaluation study including microbiological and sensory analysis revealed inhibition of mould growth and good score of texture and appearance with the increase in concentration of PNE. The study provides a future perspective for application of beeswax loaded PNE coatings in cheese industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nairah Noor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mehvesh Mushtaq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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Sahu D, Bharti D, Kim D, Sarkar P, Pal K. Variations in Microstructural and Physicochemical Properties of Candelilla Wax/Rice Bran Oil-Derived Oleogels Using Sunflower Lecithin and Soya Lecithin. Gels 2021; 7:226. [PMID: 34842726 PMCID: PMC8628760 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candelilla wax (CW) is a well-known oleogelator that displays tremendous oil-structuring potential. Lecithin acts as a crystal modifier due to its potential to alter the shape and size of the fat crystals by interacting with the wax molecules. The proposed work is an attempt to understand the impact of differently sourced lecithin, such as sunflower lecithin (SFL) and soya lecithin (SYL), on the various physicochemical properties of CW and rice bran oil (RBO) oleogels. The yellowish-white appearance of all samples and other effects of lecithin on the appearance of oleogels were initially quantified by using CIELab color parameters. The microstructural visualization confirmed grainy and globular fat structures of varied size, density, packing, and brightness. Samples made by using 5 mg of SFL (Sf5) and 1 mg of SYL (Sy1) in 20 g showed bright micrographs consisting of fat structures with better packing that might have been due to the improvised crystallinity in the said samples. The FTIR spectra of the prepared samples displayed no significant differences in the molecular interactions among the samples. Additionally, the slow crystallization kinetics of Sf5 and Sy1 correlated with better crystal packing and fewer crystal defects. The DSC endotherm displayed two peaks for melting corresponding to the melting of different molecular components of CW. However, all the formulations showed a characteristic crystallization peak at ~40 °C. The structural reorganization and crystal growth due to the addition of lecithin affected its mechanical property significantly. The spreadability test among all prepared oleogels showed better spreadable properties for Sf5 and Sy1 oleogel. The inclusion of lecithin in oleogels has demonstrated an enhancement in oleogel properties that allows them to be included in various food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblu Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India; (D.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Deepti Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India; (D.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Doman Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology & Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151747, Gwangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Preetam Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India; (D.S.); (D.B.)
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31
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Lee EJ, Lim KH. Preparation of eco-friendly wax-coated paper and its rheological and water-resistant characteristics. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110171. [PMID: 34821737 PMCID: PMC8615184 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wax is an organic compound found on the surface of lignocellulose biomass to protect plants from physical and biological stresses in nature. With its small mass fraction in biomass, wax has been neglected from inclusion in the design of the biorefinery process. This study investigated the interfering effect of wax in three types of lignocellulosic biomass, including rice straw (RS), Napier grass (NG), and sugarcane bagasse (SB). In this study, although small fractions of wax were extracted from RS, NG, and SB at 0.57%, 0.61%, and 1.69%, respectively, dewaxing causes changes in the plant compositions and their functional groups and promotes dissociations of lignocellulose fibrils. Additionally, dewaxing of biomass samples increased reducing sugar by 1.17-, 1.04-, and 1.35-fold in RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The ethanol yield increased by 1.11-, 1.05-, and 1.23-fold after wax removal from RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The chemical composition profiles of the waxes obtained from RS, NG, and SB showed FAME, alcohol, and alkane as the major groups. According to the conversion rate of the dewaxing process and ethanol fermentation, the wax outputs of RS, NG, and SB are 5.64, 17.00, and 6.00 kg/ton, respectively. The current gasoline price is around USD 0.903 per liter, making ethanol more expensive than gasoline. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of ethanol in the biorefinery industry, other valuable products (such as wax) should be considered for commercialization. The cost of natural wax ranges from USD 2 to 22 per kilogram, depending on the source of the extracted wax. The wax yields obtained from RS, SB, and NG have the potential to increase profits in the biorefining process and could provide an opportunity for application in a wider range of downstream industries than just biofuels.
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Lipidic Matrixes Containing Clove Essential Oil: Biological Activity, Microstructural and Textural Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092425. [PMID: 33921948 PMCID: PMC8122422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clove essential oil (CEO) is known for having excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but the poor stability of its components to light and temperature compromise this activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the textural, antioxidant, antimicrobial and microstructural properties of matrixes produced with representative natural waxes and CEO. Thus, waxy emulsifiers, such as beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, and ozokerite wax, were employed to create such matrixes. The thermal, microstructural, textural, wetting, antioxidant, antimicrobial and infrared characteristics of the matrixes were then studied. The diverse chemical composition (long-chain wax esters in carnauba wax and short-chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons in beeswax and ozokerite wax, respectively) explained the differences in wetting, texture, melting, and crystallization characteristics. Crystal forms of these matrix systems varied from grainy, oval, to needle-like shape, but keeping an orthorhombic allomorph. The alignment and reorganization of beeswax and ozokerite wax into needle-like crystals increased the matrix strength and adhesion force compared to those of carnauba and candelilla matrixes, which showed weak strength and grainy morphology. The former two waxes and their matrixes also showed the largest plasticity. These lipidic matrixes show potential use for topical applications having acceptable antioxidant and textural properties.
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34
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Composite Material of PDMS with Interchangeable Transmittance: Study of Optical, Mechanical Properties and Wettability. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its unique properties such as transparency, biocompatibility, high flexibility, and physical and chemical stability. In addition, PDMS modification and combination with other materials can expand its range of applications. For instance, the ability to perform superhydrophobic coating allows for the manufacture of lenses. However, many of these processes are complex and expensive. One of the most promising modifications, which consists of the development of an interchangeable coating, capable of changing its optical characteristics according to some stimuli, has been underexplored. Thus, we report an experimental study of the mechanical and optical properties and wettability of pure PDMS and of two PDMS composites with the addition of 1% paraffin or beeswax using a gravity casting process. The composites’ tensile strength and hardness were lower when compared with pure PDMS. However, the contact angle was increased, reaching the highest values when using the paraffin additive. Additionally, these composites have shown interesting results for the spectrophotometry tests, i.e., the material changed its optical characteristics when heated, going from opaque at room temperature to transparent, with transmittance around 75%, at 70 °C. As a result, these materials have great potential for use in smart devices, such as sensors, due to its ability to change its transparency at high temperatures.
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Gopal N, Kumar S, Sahney R. Towards the development of flexible carbon nanotube–parafilm nanocomposites and their application as bioelectrodes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34193-34205. [PMID: 35497312 PMCID: PMC9042332 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft, flexible and conductive interfaces, which can be used as electrode materials integrated with commercial electronic components and the human body for continuous monitoring of different analytes are in high demand in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gopal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Noida, India-201303
| | - S. Kumar
- St. Stephens College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Sahney
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Noida, India-201303
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