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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Lei X, Li P, Abd El-Aty AM, Zhao J, Xu L, Gao S, Li J, Zhao Y, She Y, Jin F, Wang J, Zheng L, Hammock BD, Jin M. Generation of a highly specific recombinant full-length antibody for detecting ethirimol in fruit and environmental water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134067. [PMID: 38513441 PMCID: PMC11062638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
High-performance antibodies are core reagents for highly sensitive immunoassays. Herein, based on a novel hapten, a hybridoma secreting the high-affinity anti-ethirimol monoclonal antibody (mAb-14G5F6) was isolated with an IC50 value of 1.35 μg/L and cross-reactivity below 0.20% for 13 analogs. To further address the challenge of hybridoma preservation and antibody immortalization, a recombinant full-length antibody (rAb-14G5F6) was expressed using the HEK293(F) expression system based on the mAb-14G5F6 gene. The affinity, specificity, and tolerance of rAb-14G5F6, as characterized by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and noncompetitive surface plasmon resonance, exhibited high concordance with those of mAb-14G5F6. Further immunoassays based on rAb-14G5F6 were developed for irrigation water and strawberry fruit with limits of detection of 0.0066 and 0.036 mg/kg, respectively, recoveries of 80100%, and coefficients of variation below 10%. Furthermore, homology simulation and molecular docking revealed that GLU(L40), GLY(L107), GLY(H108), and ASP(H114) play important roles in forming hydrogen bonds and pi-anion ionic bonds between rAb-14G5F6 and ethirimol, resulting in the high specificity and affinity of rAb-14G5F6 for ethirimol, with a KD of 5.71 × 10-10 mol/L. Overall, a rAb specific for ethirimol was expressed successfully in this study, laying the groundwork for rAb-based immunoassays for monitoring fungicide residues in agricultural products and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Lei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingyuan Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jinhua Miaozhidizhi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Research Center of Quality Standards for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ganji M, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Rahbarizadeh F. Characterization of novel CD19-specific VHHs isolated from a camelid immune library by phage display. J Transl Med 2023; 21:891. [PMID: 38066569 PMCID: PMC10709854 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies have achieved promising outcomes in the treatment of immunological and oncological indications. CD19 is considered one of the most qualified antigens in the treatment of B-cell neoplasms. VHHs (nanobodies) are known for their physicochemical advantages over conventional mAbs rendering them suitable therapeutics and diagnostic tools. Herein, we aimed to isolate CD19-specific VHHs from a novel immune library using phage display. METHODS An immune VHH gene library was constructed. Using phage display and after five biopanning rounds, two monoclonal CD19-specific VHHs were isolated. The selected VHHs were expressed, purified, and characterized in terms of their affinity, specificity, sensitivity, and ability to target CD19-positive cell lines. Moreover, in silico analyses were employed for further characterization. RESULTS A VHH library was developed, and because the outputs of the 4th biopanning round exhibited the most favorable characteristics, a panel of random VHHs was selected from them. Ultimately, two of the most favorable VHHs were selected and DNA sequenced (designated as GR37 and GR41). Precise experiments indicated that GR37 and GR41 exhibited considerable specificity, sensitivity, and affinity (1.15 × 107 M-1 and 2.08 × 107 M-1, respectively) to CD19. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that GR37 and GR41 could bind CD19 on the surface of cell lines expressing the antigen. Moreover, in silico experiments predicted that both VHHs target epitopes that are distinct from that targeted by the CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) FMC63. CONCLUSION The selected VHHs can be used as potential targeting tools for the development of CD19-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Quantum-Dot-Bead-Based Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Detection of Cry2A Toxin in Cereals Using Nanobodies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182780. [PMID: 36140908 PMCID: PMC9497650 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a quantum-dot-bead (QB)-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using nanobodies was established for sensitive determination of the Cry2A toxin in cereal. QBs were used as the fluorescent probe and conjugated with a Cry2A polyclonal antibody. An anti-Cry2A nanobody P2 was expressed and used as the capture antibody. The results revealed that the low detection limit of the developed QB-FLISA was 0.41 ng/mL, which had a 19-times higher sensitivity than the traditional colorimetric ELISA. The proposed assay exhibited a high specificity for the Cry2A toxin, and it had no evident cross-reactions with other Cry toxins. The recoveries of Cry2A from the spiked cereal sample ranged from 86.6–117.3%, with a coefficient of variation lower than 9%. Moreover, sample analysis results of the QB-FLISA and commercial ELISA kit correlated well with each other. These results indicated that the developed QB-FLISA provides a potential approach for the sensitive determination of the Cry2A toxin in cereals.
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Wu H, Zhang H. Preparation of Novel Nanomaterial and Its Application in Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101382. [PMID: 35626952 PMCID: PMC9141088 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.Z.)
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