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Osamede Airouyuwa J, Sivapragasam N, Ali Redha A, Maqsood S. Sustainable green extraction of anthocyanins and carotenoids using deep eutectic solvents (DES): A review of recent developments. Food Chem 2024; 448:139061. [PMID: 38537550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been extensively researched as a more biocompatible and efficient alternative to conventional solvents for extracting pigments from natural resources. The efficiency of DES extraction for the anthocyanin and carotenoid can be enhanced by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and/or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. Apart from the extraction efficiency, the toxicity and recovery of the pigments and their bioavailability are crucial for potential applications. A plethora of studies have explored the extraction efficiency, toxicity, and recovery of pigments from various natural plant-based matrices using DES. Nevertheless, a detailed review of the deep eutectic solvent extraction of natural pigments has not been reported to date. Additionally, the toxicity, safety, and bioavailability of the extracted pigments, and their potential applications are not thoroughly documented. Therefore, this review is designed to understand the aforementioned concepts in using DES for anthocyanin and carotenoid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osamede Airouyuwa
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nilushni Sivapragasam
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Energy and Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Yücetepe M, Tuğba Özaslan Z, Karakuş MŞ, Akalan M, Karaaslan A, Karaaslan M, Başyiğit B. Unveiling the multifaceted world of anthocyanins: Biosynthesis pathway, natural sources, extraction methods, copigmentation, encapsulation techniques, and future food applications. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114437. [PMID: 38763684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerous datasets regarding anthocyanins have been noted elsewhere. These previous studies emphasized that all processes must be carried out meticulously from the source used to obtain anthocyanins to their inclusion in relevant applications. However, today, full standardization has not yet been achieved for these processes. For this, presenting the latest developments regarding anthocyanins under one roof would be a useful approach to guide the scientific literature. The current review was designed to serve the stated points. In this context, their biosynthesis pathway was elaborated. Superior potential of fruits and certain by-products in obtaining anthocyanins was revealed compared to their other counterparts. Health-promoting benefits of anthocyanins were detailed. Also, the situation of innovative techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, pulse electrical field extraction, and so on) in the anthocyanin extraction was explained. The stability issues, which is one of the most important problems limiting the use of anthocyanins in applications were discussed. The role of copigmentation and various encapsulation techniques in solving these stability problems was summarized. This critical review is a map that provides detailed information about the processes from obtaining anthocyanins, which stand out with their functional properties, to their incorporation into various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yücetepe
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tuğba Özaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şükrü Karakuş
- Harran University, Application and Research Center for Science and Technology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Merve Akalan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Asliye Karaaslan
- Harran University, Vocational School, Food Processing Programme, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karaaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Bülent Başyiğit
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
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3
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Yin S, Niu L, Zhang J, Liu Y. Gardenia yellow pigment: Extraction methods, biological activities, current trends, and future prospects. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113981. [PMID: 38342530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Food coloring plays a vital role in influencing consumers' food choices, imparting vibrant and appealing colors to various food and beverage products. Synthetic food colorants have been the most commonly used coloring agents in the food industry. However, concerns about potential health issues related to synthetic colorants, coupled with increasing consumer demands for food safety and health, have led food manufacturers to explore natural alternatives. Natural pigments not only offer a wide range of colors to food products but also exhibit beneficial bioactive properties. Gardenia yellow pigment is a water-soluble natural pigment with various biological activities, widely present in gardenia fruits. Therefore, this paper aims to delve into Gardenia Yellow Pigment, highlighting its significance as a food colorant. Firstly, a thorough understanding and exploration of various methods for obtaining gardenia yellow pigment. Subsequently, the potential functionality of gardenia yellow pigment was elaborated, especially its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Finally, the widespread application trend of gardenia yellow pigment in the food industry was explored, as well as the challenges faced by the future development of gardenia yellow pigment in the field of food and health. Some feasible solutions were proposed, providing valuable references and insights for researchers, food industry professionals, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Future Food (Bai Ma) Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Tzanova MT, Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Grozeva N, Memdueva N. Green Solvents for Extraction of Natural Food Colorants from Plants: Selectivity and Stability Issues. Foods 2024; 13:605. [PMID: 38397582 PMCID: PMC10887973 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers associate the color of food with its freshness and quality. More and more attention is being paid to natural colorants that bring additional health benefits to humans. Such natural substances are the carotenoids (yellow to orange), the anthocyanins (red to blue), and the betalains (red and yellow), which are very sensitive to exposure to light, air, high temperatures, and chemicals. Stability and diversity in terms of color can be optimized by using environmentally friendly and selective extraction processes that provide a balance between efficacy, safety, and stability of the resulting extracts. Green solvents like water, supercritical fluids, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids are the most proper green solvents when combined with different extraction techniques like maceration, supercritical extraction, and ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction. The choice of the right extracting agent is crucial for the selectivity of the extraction method and the stability of the prepared colorant. The present work reviews the green solvents used for the extraction of natural food colorants from plants and focuses on the issues related to the selectivity and stability of the products extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tankova Tzanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Toneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neli Memdueva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
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Yu X, Li S, Peng S, Tao L, Hu F. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of fatty acids from royal jelly and its effect on the structural and antioxidant property. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106802. [PMID: 38368809 PMCID: PMC10883820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids are the key active components in royal jelly (RJ) with various biological activities. In this study, a novel ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was established to extract fatty acids from RJ and their structural and antioxidant property were further evaluated. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1, ultrasonic power of 450 W and ultrasonic duration of 20 min, resulting in a better extraction yield of 16.48 % and 10-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content of 4.12 %. Furthermore, compared with the solvent extraction method, the antioxidant activity of extract by ultrasound was enhanced significantly by at least 448 %. GC-MS showed that ultrasound didn't change the chemical composition of fatty acids, while it significantly increased the content of fatty acids. SEM image illustrated that extracts by UAE showed a rougher, looser microstructure compared to the solvent method. Overall, UAE is a promising method to obtain fatty acids in RJ with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingchen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Muhire J, Sun X, Zhang FX, Huang XY, Di DL. Recent trends in multidimensional countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300768. [PMID: 38356228 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a potent separation approach known for its remarkable efficiency and capacity in preparation. It's applied as a substitute or combined with different chromatographic techniques, resulting in its rebranding as multidimensional CCC (MDCCC). Numerous essential mixtures from natural products contain hundreds or thousands of distinct components of importance. These mix types are too complicated to separate in any reasonable time using a single CCC dimension. However, if a multidimensional technique is utilized, where a complex mixture is separated by an initial dimension, smaller fractions of that separation are gathered. Each fraction is studied individually; complex mixes can be resolved relatively quickly. Thus, several MDCCC separation features have been studied to demonstrate their advantages, limitations, and prospective capacity to separate exceedingly complex mixtures. In this review, MDCCC aspects, including principles, multiple columns system, multilayer coil J-type, on-line monitoring system, and applications, have been thoroughly_explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Ratanasongtham P, Bunmusik W, Luangkamin S, Mahatheeranont S, Suttiarporn P. Optimizing green approach to enhanced antioxidants from Thai pigmented rice bran using deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23525. [PMID: 38187326 PMCID: PMC10767381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have garnered significant attention as extraction media owing to their commendable attributes of being environmentally sustainable and the inherent adaptability of DES's versatile physical and chemical characteristics. The present study investigated the effects of deep eutectic solvents on the total contents of anthocyanin, phenolic, and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of Thai pigmented rice bran extract. The optimal extraction parameters for deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) were also determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins and other antioxidants from pigmented rice bran using a deep eutectic solvent were choline chloride: ethylene glycol (Ch:Eg) at a 1:2 ratio, mixed with 20 % water as a solvent. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) at 37 kHz of frequency, 50 °C of temperature, 40 min of extraction time, and a 1:6 g/mL of solid-to-solvent ratio yielded a total anthocyanin content of 4.55 ± 0.09 mg C3G/g DW, a total phenolic content of 26.49 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g DW, a total flavonoid content of 6.57 ± 0.55 mg QE/g DW, and a percent inhibition of DPPH radical of 77.83 ± 1.51. By comparing the antioxidant content that was extracted from three cultivars of pigmented rice, it was found that Leum Pua black rice bran provided significantly higher antioxidant content compared to Hom Nin purple rice bran and Mali Dang red rice bran. This research suggests an achievable, eco-friendly, and effective method for preparing high-quality, consumer-safe Thai rice bran as a raw material for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharawan Ratanasongtham
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, 13180, Thailand
| | - Wasitthi Bunmusik
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120, Thailand
| | - Suwaporn Luangkamin
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Chonburi, 20230, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Panawan Suttiarporn
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120, Thailand
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Kim HJ, Yoon KY. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1851-1860. [PMID: 37781052 PMCID: PMC10541360 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated. A Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables (water content, liquid-to-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, and extraction time) on total polyphenol content (TPC), punicalagin content (PC), and ellagic acid content (EC). Optimized DES-based UAE conditions were as follows: TPC (water content, 29.30%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 53.50 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 238.20 W; extraction time, 29.50 min), PC (water content, 25.65%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 44.20 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 120 W; extraction time, 20 min), and EC (water content, 33.13%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 60 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 300 W; extraction time, 20 min). Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values for TPC, PC, and EC were 67.50 mg GAE/g, 130.65 mg/g, and 2.04 mg/g, respectively; these values were consistent with the predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541 South Korea
| | - Kyung Young Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541 South Korea
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Zhang H, Li X, Kang M, Li Z, Wang X, Jing X, Han J. Sustainable ultrasound-assisted extraction of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins using ionic strength-responsive natural deep eutectic solvents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106640. [PMID: 37816271 PMCID: PMC10568126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable extraction of saponins was investigated using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction. A novel NADES (butyric acid-urea) that was responsive to ionic strength was designed and used as the extractant. Ultrasound treatment and a catalyst ferric chloride with plant cell wall breaking function were applied to improve the extraction efficiency.Since the solubility of the NADES varied significantly with ionic strength, 95% of NADES was readily separated from the water phase after the addition of sodium chloride, while saponins remained in the water phase for easy collection. The reuse capacity of NADES, the eco-friendliness of the extraction method, and the antioxidant activity of the extract were further evaluated.NADES was continuously recovered and used to extract Polygonatum sibiricum powder: the yield of saponins did not decrease after five cycles of recovery and re-extraction. The penalty point on the "Eco-scale" suggested that the extraction method was "green" (i.e. eco-friendly).Compared with ethanol extracts, the NADES extracts showed a higher saponin concentration and antioxidant activity.The study can contribute to the sustainable and green extraction of hydrophilic active substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Miao Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Nurkhasanah A, Fardad T, Carrera C, Setyaningsih W, Palma M. Ultrasound-Assisted Anthocyanins Extraction from Pigmented Corn: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:69. [PMID: 37623920 PMCID: PMC10459330 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimal UAE conditions for extracting anthocyanins from pigmented corn using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Six anthocyanins were identified in the samples and were used as response variables to evaluate the effects of the following working variables: extraction solvent pH (2-7), temperature (10-70 °C), solvent composition (0-50% methanol in water), and ultrasound power (20-80%). The extraction time (5-25 min) was evaluated for complete recovery. Response surface methodology suggested optimal conditions, specifically 36% methanol in water with pH 7 at 70 °C using 73% ultrasound power for 10 min. The method was validated with a high level of accuracy (>90% of recovery) and high precision (CV < 5% for both repeatability and intermediate precision). Finally, the proposed analytical extraction method was successfully applied to determine anthocyanins that covered a wide concentration range (36.47-551.92 mg kg-1) in several pigmented corn samples revealing potential varieties providing more health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Nurkhasanah
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Titouan Fardad
- Department of Physical Measurements, Institute of Technology of Lannion, CEDEX, 22302 Lannion, France;
| | - Ceferino Carrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (C.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Widiastuti Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (C.C.); (M.P.)
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11
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Cai T, Ge-Zhang S, Song M. Anthocyanins in metabolites of purple corn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154535. [PMID: 37089635 PMCID: PMC10118017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is a special variety of corn, rich in a large amount of anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and has always ranked high in the economic benefits of the corn industry. However, most studies on the stability of agronomic traits and the interaction between genotype and environment in cereal crops focus on yield. In order to further study the accumulation and stability of special anthocyanins in the growth process of purple corn, this review starts with the elucidation of anthocyanins in purple corn, the biosynthesis process and the gene regulation mechanism behind them, points out the influence of anthocyanin metabolism on anthocyanin metabolism, and introduces the influence of environmental factors on anthocyanin accumulation in detail, so as to promote the multi-field production of purple corn, encourage the development of color corn industry and provide new opportunities for corn breeders and growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Cai
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Mingbo Song
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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12
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Vo TP, Pham ND, Pham TV, Nguyen HY, Vo LTV, Tran TNH, Tran TN, Nguyen DQ. Green extraction of total phenolic and flavonoid contents from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) rind using natural deep eutectic solvents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14884. [PMID: 37095977 PMCID: PMC10121615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This research combined ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to recover phenolic and flavonoid components from mangosteen rind. The antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS+, and hydroxyl assays. NADES prepared from lactic and 1,2-propanediol had the highest extraction efficiency based on the total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic contents (TPC). Single-factor experiments were employed to assess the influence of UAE conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, water content in NADES, and time) on TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activities. NADES-based UAE conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design model on five dependent responses (TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and OH). The optimal conditions for the lactic-1,2-Propanediol-based UAE process were 76.7 ml liquid/g solid with 30.3% of water content at 57.5 °C for 9.1 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to examine the surface morphology of mangosteen rind before and after sonication. This study proposes an efficient, green, and practical approach for recovering phenolics and flavonoids from mangosteen rinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Duyen Pham
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Vy Pham
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Yen Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Thao Vy Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Huyen Tran
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tri Nguyen Tran
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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13
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Zhou Y, Li J, Li Z, Ma Q, Wang L. Extraction of anthocyanins from haskap using cold plasma-assisted enzyme. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2186-2195. [PMID: 36418203 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are rich in anthocyanins. Cold plasma-assisted enzyme method (CPEM) is an innovative method for green extraction of anthocyanins, which was optimized by an artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) to maximize the yield. In this study, seven factors were screened using by Plackett-Burman design based on single-factor experiments and optimized by ANN-GA. RESULTS The results showed that the maximum total anthocyanin content (TAC, 42.45 ± 0.25 g cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3G) kg-1 dry weight, DW) was obtained under optimal pretreatment power of 192 W, pretreatment time of 29 s and liquid-to-solid ratio of 39 mL g-1 . Cleavage and porosity appeared on the surface of the treated sample. The active ingredients and antioxidant capacity of the CPEM extracts were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Compared with other extraction technologies, CPEM presents the advantages of shortening the extraction time, reducing the solvent volume, and significantly increasing active ingredients and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION The ANN-GA has better predictive and higher accuracy than the response surface methodology (RSM) model and is more suitable for optimizing the CPEM by greatly improving the process yield and the utilization of biomass, thus contributing to the sustainability of the agri-food chain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongping Li
- National Drinking Water Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Baishan, China
| | - Qingshu Ma
- National Drinking Water Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Baishan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Abdulsalam J, Setsepu RL, Lawal AI, Onifade M, Bada SO. Recycling of Trees Planted for Phytostabilization to Solid Fuel: Parametric Optimization Using the Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7448-7458. [PMID: 36873003 PMCID: PMC9979242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomass resources are gaining attention to address environmental issues, ensure energy efficiency, and ensure long-term fuel sustainability. The use of biomass in its raw form is known to present a number of issues, including high shipping, storage, and handling costs. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), for example, can increase the physiochemical properties of biomass by converting it into a more carbonaceous solid hydrochar with enhanced physicochemical properties. This study investigated the optimum process conditions for the HTC of woody biomass (Searsia lancea). HTC was carried out at varying reaction temperatures (200-280 °C) and hold times (30-90 min). The response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to optimize the process conditions. RSM proposed an optimum mass yield (MY) and calorific value (CV) of 56.5% and 25.8 MJ/kg at a 220 °C reaction temperature and 90 min of hold time. The GA proposed an MY and a CV of 47% and 26.7 MJ/kg, respectively, at 238 °C and 80 min. This study revealed a decrease in the hydrogen/carbon (28.6 and 35.1%) and oxygen/carbon (20 and 21.7%) ratios, indicating the coalification of the RSM- and GA-optimized hydrochars, respectively. By blending the optimized hydrochars with coal discard, the CV of the coal was increased by about 15.42 and 23.12% for RSM- and GA-optimized hydrochar blends, respectively, making them viable as an energy alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibril Abdulsalam
- DSI/NRF
Clean Coal Technology Research Group, School of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ramadimetja Lizah Setsepu
- DSI/NRF
Clean Coal Technology Research Group, School of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Ismail Lawal
- Department
of Energy Resources Engineering, Inha University, Yong-Hyun Dong,
Nam Ku, Incheon 402-751, Korea
- Department
of Mining Engineering, Federal University
of Technology, Akure 340110, Nigeria
| | - Moshood Onifade
- Department
of Civil and Mining Engineering, University
of Namibia, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
| | - Samson Oluwaseyi Bada
- DSI/NRF
Clean Coal Technology Research Group, School of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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15
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Ljujić J, Sofrenić I, Đorđević I, Macura P, Tešević V, Vujisić L, Anđelković B. Antioxidant potential and polyphenol content of five new cultivars of raspberries. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Ljujić
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Sofrenić
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Đorđević
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar oslobođenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Macura
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Anđelković
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Xue H, Sang Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Liao J, Tan J. Research Progress on Absorption, Metabolism, and Biological Activities of Anthocyanins in Berries: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010003. [PMID: 36670865 PMCID: PMC9855064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries, as the best dietary sources for human health, are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins, fiber, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and other ingredients. Anthocyanins are one of the most important bioactive components in berries. The attractive color of berries is attributed to the fact that berries contain different kinds of anthocyanins. Increasing research activity has indicated that anthocyanins in berries show various biological activities, including protecting vision; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor qualities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; anti-cardiovascular disease properties; control of hypoglycemic conditions; and other activities. Hence, berries have high nutritional and medicinal values. The recognized absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins have promoted their research in different directions. Hence, it is necessary to systematically review the research progress and future prospects of anthocyanins to promote a better understanding of anthocyanins. The absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins from berries were reviewed in this paper. The findings of this study provide an important reference for basic research, product development and utilization of berries' anthocyanins in food, cosmetics, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yumei Sang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianqing Liao
- College of Physical Science and Engineering, Yichun University, No. 576 Xuefu Road, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-0312-5075644 (J.L. & J.T.)
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-0312-5075644 (J.L. & J.T.)
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17
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Thakur M, Modi VK. Biocolorants in food: Sources, extraction, applications and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4674-4713. [PMID: 36503345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Color of a food is one of the major factors influencing its acceptance by consumers. At presently synthetic dyes are the most commonly used food colorant in food industry by providing more esthetically appearance and as a means to quality control. However, the growing concern about health and environmental due to associated toxicity with synthetic food colorants has accelerated the global efforts to replace them with safer and healthy food colorants obtained from natural resources (plants, microorganisms, and animals). Further, many of these biocolorants not only provide myriad of colors to the food but also exert biological properties, thus they can be used as nutraceuticals in foods and beverages. In order to understand the importance of nature-derived pigments as food colorants, this review provides a thorough discussion on the natural origin of food colorants. Following this, different extraction methods for isolating biocolorants from plants and microbes were also discussed. Many of these biocolorants not only provide color, but also have many health promoting properties, for this reason their physicochemical and biological properties were also reviewed. Finally, current trends on the use of biocolorants in foods, and the challenges faced by the biocolorants in their effective utilization by food industry and possible solutions to these challenges were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Modi
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Zhang H, Zhao W, Liu L, Wen W, Jing X, Wang X. Switchable deep eutectic solvents for sustainable extraction of β-carotene from millet. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Wang Y, Xu F, Cheng J, Wu X, Xu J, Li C, Li W, Xie N, Wang Y, He L. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Paecilomyces hepiali. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228020. [PMID: 36432126 PMCID: PMC9696976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, which can be affected by different preparations, play a crucial role in the biological function of Paecilomyces hepiali (PHPS) as a health food. To explore high-valued polysaccharides and reduce the negative influence of human involvement, a green tailorable deep eutectic solvent (DES) was applied to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides (PHPS-D), followed by the evaluation of the structural properties and immunomodulation by comparison with the hot-water method (PHPS-W). The results indicated that the best system for PHPS-D was a type of carboxylic acid-based DES consisting of choline chloride and succinic acid in the molar ratio of 1:3, with a 30% water content. The optimal condition was as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 50 mL/g, extraction temperature of 85 °C, and extraction time of 1.7 h. The actual PHPS-D yield was 12.78 ± 0.17%, which was obviously higher than that of PHPS-W. The structural characteristics suggested that PHPS-D contained more uronic acid (22.34 ± 1.38%) and glucose (40.3 ± 0.5%), with a higher molecular weight (3.26 × 105 g/mol) and longer radius of gyration (78.2 ± 3.6 nm), as well as extended chain conformation, compared with PHPS-W, and these results were confirmed by AFM and SEM. Immunomodulatory assays suggested that PHPS-D showed better performance than PHPS-W regarding pinocytic activity and the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) by activating the corresponding mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. This study showed that carboxylic acid-based DES could be a promising tailorable green system for acidic polysaccharide preparation and the valorization of P. hepiali in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Feijia Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xueqian Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunru Li
- Bioasia Life Science Institute, Zhejiang Bioasia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Bioasia Life Science Institute, Zhejiang Bioasia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Liang He
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-87798225; Fax: +86-571-87798206
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20
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Optimization of ethanol based extraction of phenolics from Ocimum sanctum flowers by response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Mounika A, Ilangovan B, Mandal S, Shraddha Yashwant W, Priya Gali S, Shanmugam A. Prospects of ultrasonically extracted food bioactives in the field of non-invasive biomedical applications - A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106121. [PMID: 35987106 PMCID: PMC9403563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Foods incorporated with bioactive compounds, called nutraceuticals, can fight or prevent or alleviate diseases. The contribution of nutraceuticals or phytochemicals to non-invasive biomedical applications is increasing. Although there are many traditional methods for extracting bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites, these processes come with many disadvantages like lower yield, longer process time, high energy consumption, more usage of solvent, yielding low active principles with low efficacy against diseases, poor quality, poor mass transfer, higher extraction temperature, etc. However, nullifying all these disadvantages of a non-thermal technology, ultrasound has played a significant role in delivering them with higher yield and improved bio-efficacy. The physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation are the crux of the output. This review paper primarily discusses the ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) of bioactives in providing non-invasive prevention and cure to diseases and bodily dysfunctions in human and animal models. The outputs of non-invasive bioactive components in terms of yield and the clinical efficacy in either in vitro or in vitro conditions are discussed in detail. The non-invasive biomedical applications of USAE bioactives providing anticancer, antioxidant, cardiovascular health, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial benefits are analyzed in-depth and appraised. This review additionally highlights the improved performance of USAE compounds against conventionally extracted compounds. In addition, an exhaustive analysis is performed on the role and application of the food bioactives in vivo and in vitro systems, mainly for promoting these efficient USAE bioactives in non-invasive biomedical applications. Also, the review explores the recovery of bioactives from the less explored food sources like cactus pear fruit, ash gourd, sweet granadilla, basil, kokum, baobab, and the food processing industrial wastes like peel, pomace, propolis, wine residues, bran, etc., which is rare in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addanki Mounika
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Bhaargavi Ilangovan
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Sushmita Mandal
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Waghaye Shraddha Yashwant
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Swetha Priya Gali
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Akalya Shanmugam
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India; Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India.
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22
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Anthocyanins in Different Food Matrices: Recent Updates on Extraction, Purification and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-32. [PMID: 36045567 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANCs), a kind of natural pigments, are widely present in food substrates. Evidence has shown that ANCs can promote health in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. However, the oxidative stability of ANCs limits accurate quantitation and analysis. Therefore, faster, more accurate, and highly sensitive extraction and determination methods are necessary for understanding the role of ANCs in medicine and food. This review presents an updated overview of pretreatment and detection techniques for ANCs in various food substrates since 2015. Liquid-liquid extraction and various green solvent extraction methods, such as accelerated solvents extraction, deep eutectic solvents extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, are commonly used pretreatment methods for extraction and purification of ANCs. Liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors (tandem mass spectrometry and UV detectors) and spectrophotometry methods are some of the determination methods for ANC. This study has updated, compared, and discussed different pretreatment and analysis methods. Moreover, the advanced methods and development prospects in this field are comprehensively summarized, which can provide references for further utilization of ANCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
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Liao J, Peng B, Chu X, Yu G. Effects of process parameters on the extraction of total anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes by ultrasound with wide frequency and its kinetics study. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liao
- College of Physical Science and Engineering Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road Yichun Jiangxi China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment Yichun University,576 Xuefu Road Yichun China
| | - Xinhong Chu
- College of Physical Science and Engineering Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road Yichun Jiangxi China
| | - Guicai Yu
- College of Physical Science and Engineering Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road Yichun Jiangxi China
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25
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Zhang H, Hao F, Yao Z, Zhu J, Jing X, Wang X. Efficient extraction of flavonoids from Polygonatum sibiricum using a deep eutectic solvent as a green extraction solvent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Alternative Extraction and Downstream Purification Processes for Anthocyanins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020368. [PMID: 35056685 PMCID: PMC8779312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments displaying different attractive colors ranging from red, violet, to blue. These pigments present health benefits that increased their use in food, nutraceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. However, anthocyanins are mainly extracted through conventional methods that are time-consuming and involve the use of organic solvents. Moreover, the chemical diversity of the obtained complex extracts make the downstream purification step challenging. Therefore, the growing demand of these high-value pigments has stimulated the interest in designing new, safe, cost-effective, and tunable strategies for their extraction and purification. The current review focuses on the potential application of compressed fluid-based (such as subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction) and deep eutectic solvents-based extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins. In addition, an updated review of the application of counter-current chromatography for anthocyanins purification is provided as a faster and cost-effective alternative to preparative-scale HPLC.
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27
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Zheng B, Yuan Y, Xiang J, Jin W, Johnson JB, Li Z, Wang C, Luo D. Green extraction of phenolic compounds from foxtail millet bran by ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction: Optimization, comparison and bioactivities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Identification of Five Flavonoid Compounds from the Remaining Ginger Powder Purified by Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Bioactivity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Carrera C, Aliaño-González MJ, Valaityte M, Ferreiro-González M, Barbero GF, Palma M. A Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Analysis of Anthocyanins in Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091375. [PMID: 34573008 PMCID: PMC8468541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple potato is one of the least known and consumed potato varieties. It is as rich in nutrients, amino acids and starches as the rest of the potato varieties, but it also exhibits a high content of anthocyanins, which confer it with some attractive health-related properties, such as antioxidant, pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory and other promising properties regarding the treatment of certain diseases. A novel methodology based on ultrasound-assisted extraction has been optimized to achieve greater yields of anthocyanins. Optimal extraction values have been established at 70 °C using 20 mL of a 60% MeOH:H2O solution, with a pH of 2.90 and a 0.5 s−1 cycle length at 70% of the maximum amplitude for 15 min. The repeatability and intermediate precision of the extraction method have been proven by its relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5%. The method has been tested on Vitelotte, Double Fun, Highland and Violet Queen potatoes and has demonstrated its suitability for the extraction and quantification of the anthocyanins found in these potato varieties, which exhibit notable content differences. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of these potato varieties has been determined by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) radical scavenging and the values obtained were similar to those previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceferino Carrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.); (M.J.A.-G.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - María José Aliaño-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.); (M.J.A.-G.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Monika Valaityte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.); (M.J.A.-G.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Gerardo F. Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.); (M.J.A.-G.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-016355; Fax: +34-956-016460
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.); (M.J.A.-G.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
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Xue H, Tan J, Zhu X, Li Q, Tang J, Cai X. Counter-current fractionation-assisted and bioassay-guided separation of active compounds from cranberry and their interaction with α-glucosidase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou C, Pan W, Peng Q, Chen Y, Zhou T, Wu C, Hartley W, Li J, Xu M, Liu C, Li P, Rao L, Wang Q. Characteristics of Metabolites by Seed-Specific Inhibition of FAD2 in Brassica napus L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5452-5462. [PMID: 33969684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2) is a key enzyme in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants. RNAi technology can reduce the expression of FAD2 genes in Brassica napus seeds and acquire transgenic B. napus plants with a high oleic acid content, but the effect of seed-specific inhibition of FAD2 expression on B. napus seed metabolites is not clear. Here we use widely targeted metabolomics to investigate the metabolites of normal-oleic-acid rapeseed (OA) and high-oleic-acid rapeseed (HOA) seeds, resulting in a total of 726 metabolites being detected. Among them, 24 differential metabolites were significantly downregulated and 88 differential metabolites were significantly upregulated in HOA rapeseed. In further lipid profile experiments, more lipids in B. napus seeds were accurately quantified. The contents of glycolipids and phospholipids that contain C18:1 increased significantly and C18:2 decreased because FAD2 expression was inhibited. The changes in the expression of key genes in related pathways were also consistent with the changes in metabolites. The insertion site of the ihpRNA plant expression vector was reconfirmed through genomewide resequencing, and the transgenic event did not change the sequence of FAD2 genes. There was no significant difference in the germination rate and germination potential between OA and HOA rapeseed seeds because the seed-specific ihpRNA plant expression vector did not affect other stages of plant growth. This work provides a theoretical and practical guidance for subsequent molecular breeding of high OA B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weisong Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanchao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - William Hartley
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuwei Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liqun Rao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wang W, Gao YT, Wei JW, Chen YF, Liu QL, Liu HM. Optimization of Ultrasonic Cellulase-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Polyphenols from Passion Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092494. [PMID: 33923350 PMCID: PMC8123174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, ultrasonic cellulase extraction (UCE) was applied to extract polyphenols from passion fruit. The extraction conditions for total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results showed that the liquid-to-solid ratio (X2) was the most significant single factor and had a positive effect on all responses. The ANOVA analysis indicated quadratic models fitted well as TPC with R2 = 0.903, DPPH scavenging activity with R2 = 0.979, and ABTS scavenging activity with R2 = 0.981. The optimal extraction parameters of passion fruit were as follows: pH value of 5 at 30 °C for extraction temperature, 50:1 (w/v) liquid-to-solid ratio with extraction time for 47 min, the experimental values were found matched with those predicted. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that the extract contained the structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, three main polyphenols were identified and quantified by HPLC. The results showed the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the optimized UCE were 1.5~2 times higher than that determined by the single extraction method and the Soxhlet extraction method, which indicates UCE is a competitive and effective extraction technique for natural passion fruit polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.W.); (Y.-T.G.); (Y.-F.C.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Yu-Ting Gao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.W.); (Y.-T.G.); (Y.-F.C.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Ji-Wen Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Yin-Feng Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.W.); (Y.-T.G.); (Y.-F.C.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.W.); (Y.-T.G.); (Y.-F.C.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.W.); (Y.-T.G.); (Y.-F.C.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-1677-8997
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Biowaste as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds-A Case Study of Raspberry Fruit Pomace. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040706. [PMID: 33810427 PMCID: PMC8066284 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Raspberry fruit pomace, a byproduct of juice production, was studied as a potential source of antioxidant compounds. Target high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of important polyphenolic compounds (gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic, quercitrin, chlorogenic, and ellagic acid) was performed together with analysis of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanins content (TAC), and antioxidant capacity (via ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays). The differences in polyphenolic content of Rubus idaeus L. pomace were evaluated following ultrasound-assisted extraction and conventional maceration with different organic solvents. Additionally, the yield of free phenolics was measured in hydrolyzed pomace extracts. The results obtained show that the ultrasound method maximizes the quantity of antioxidant compounds in terms of TPC (27.79 mg/L gallic acid equivalent (GAE)), TFC (8.02 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE)), TAC (7.13 mg/L cyanidine-3-glucoside equivalent (C3G Eq)), caffeic (19.17 µg/g), chlorogenic (3.56 µg/g), ellagic (105.52 µg/g), and gallic acids (8.75 µg/g), as well as FRAP (1002.72 µmol/L) and DPPH assays (969.71 µmol/mL vitamin C equivalent (vit C Eq); 567.00 µmol/100 g Trolox equivalent (TE)). On the other hand, conventional maceration maximizes the yield of quercetin and p-coumaric acid. In terms of biowaste valorization, raspberry fruit pomace has a promising industrial potential and may prove to be useful in the development of antioxidant dietary supplements.
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Counter-Current Fractionation-Assisted Bioassay-Guided Separation of Active Compound from Blueberry and the Interaction between the Active Compound and α-Glucosidase. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030509. [PMID: 33804322 PMCID: PMC7998573 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the selection of active compounds from blueberry based on counter-current fractionation and bioassay-guided separation was established in this study. Blueberry extract showed potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. After extraction by different solvents, the active components were enriched in water. The water extract was divided into six fractions via high-speed counter-current chromatography to further track the active components. Results indicated that the α-glucosidase inhibition rate of F4 was remarkable higher than the others. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) with a purity of 94.16% was successfully separated from F4 through column chromatography, and its structure was identified by ultraviolet spectral, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR. The interaction mechanism between C3G and α-glucosidase was clearly characterized and described by spectroscopic methods, including fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) in combination with molecular docking techniques. C3G could spontaneously bind with α-glucosidase to form complexes by hydrogen bonds. The secondary structure of α-glucosidase changed in varying degrees after complexation with C3G. The α-helical and β-turn contents of α-glucosidase decreased, whereas the β-sheet content and the irregular coil structures increased. Molecular docking speculated that C3G could form hydrogen bonds with α-glucosidase by binding to the active sit (Leu 313, Ser 157, Tyr 158, Phe 314, Arg 315, and two Asp 307). These findings may be useful for the development of functional foods to tackle type 2 diabetes.
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Cai X, Xiao M, Zou X, Tang J, Huang B, Xue H. Extraction and separation of flavonoids from Malus hupehensis using high-speed countercurrent chromatography based on deep eutectic solvent. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461998. [PMID: 33611114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment, a green and highly efficient extraction method for flavonoids established on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was investigated by using the response surface methodology. The DES-based high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) solvent systems were developed for the separation of high purity compounds from the DES extract of Malus hupehensis for the first time. Under the optimal conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio of 26.3 mL/g, water content of 25.5%, and extraction temperature of 77.5°C), the yield of flavonoids was 15.3 ± 0.1%, which was superior to that of the methanol extraction method. In accordance with the physical property of DES-based HSCCC solvent systems and K values of target compounds, DES-based HSCCC solvent systems composed of choline chloride/glucose-water-ethyl acetate (ChCl/Glu-H2O-EAC, 1:1:2, v/v) was selected for the HSCCC separation. Thus, five flavonoids (two novel compounds 1-2, 6´´-O-coumaroyl-2´-O-glucopyranosylphloretin and 3´´´-methoxy-6´´-O-feruloy-2´-O-glucopyranosylphloretin; three know compounds 3-5, namely, avicularin, phloridzin, and sieboldin) were efficiently separated from Malus hupehensis. DESs are the environment friendly and highly efficient solvents as the components of extraction solvent and HSCCC solvent system, and can be re-utilized many times. However, ethyl acetate can be soluble with a few hydrogen bond donors, such as urea, carboxylic acid and polyol, through the shake flask test. It is the great difficulty for the efficient and rapid separation of target compounds from the DESs extract because of the DESs residual in the HSCCC fractions. ChCl and Glu are the great choices of DESs without this problem. In addition, K values increased with the increase of the molar ratio of ChCl/Glu and the content of water, which could effectively guide us to choose the suitable DES-based HSCCC solvent system. The twice HSCCC separation results indicated that DES was the valuable and green solvent for the HSCCC separation of pure compounds from the extract for the first time, and showed the recycle superiority of DES-based HSCCC solvent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P.R. China
| | - Mi Xiao
- China Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Jiangbei Hospital/Wuhan Caidian People's Hospital, Wuhan 430100, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
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Velásquez P, Bustos D, Montenegro G, Giordano A. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Incorporation in Edible Films. Molecules 2021; 26:984. [PMID: 33673385 PMCID: PMC7918079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts rich in bioactive compounds added to edible films have allowed the development of active packaging that increases the shelf life of food. However, it is necessary to search for solvents that are nontoxic and not harmful to the environment, with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) being an attractive and easily synthesized alternative. This research aimed to design NADES by lyophilization to be used in the extraction of anthocyanins from the Chilean Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray berry, and subsequently adding them to the matrix of edible ƙ-carrageenan films. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used and the anthocyanin content was evaluated with the pH differential method. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was determined by DPPH assay and the antibacterial capacity by diffusion agar tests. The results obtained indicate that the designed NADES are efficient at extracting anthocyanins, reaching concentrations between 81.1 and 327.6 mg eq cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g dw of L. chequen (Molina) A. Gray. The extracts reached inhibition diameters between 5 and 34 mm against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi strains. Once the extracts were incorporated into ƙ-carrageenan films, active edible films with antioxidant and antibacterial capacities were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Velásquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (P.V.); (D.B.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Daniela Bustos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (P.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Gloria Montenegro
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Ady Giordano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (P.V.); (D.B.)
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Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Anthocyanins from Blueberry Wine Residues: Optimization, Identification, and HepG2 Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225456. [PMID: 33233829 PMCID: PMC7699922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberry wine residues produced during the wine-brewing process contain abundant anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds. To extract anthocyanins from blueberry wine residues more efficiently, a novel procedure of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UADESE) was proposed in this work. The extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest yield of anthocyanins (9.32 ± 0.08 mg/g) from blueberry wine residues by UADESE were obtained at water content of 29%, ultrasonic power of 380 W, extraction temperature of 55 °C, and extraction time of 40 min. The AB-8 macroporous resin combined with Sephadex LH-20 techniques was used to purify the crude extract (CE) obtained under optimum extraction conditions and analyze the anthocyanins composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cyanidin-3-rutinoside with purity of 92.81% was obtained. The HepG2 antitumor activity of CE was better than that of the purified anthocyanins component. Moreover, CE could increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the apoptosis, and arrest HepG2 cells in the S phases. These findings provided an effective and feasible method for anthocyanins extraction, and reduced the environmental burden of this waste.
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