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Parmar JM, Laing NG, Kennerson ML, Ravenscroft G. Genetics of inherited peripheral neuropathies and the next frontier: looking backwards to progress forwards. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333436. [PMID: 38744462 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) encompass a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders causing length-dependent degeneration of peripheral autonomic, motor and/or sensory nerves. Despite gold-standard diagnostic testing for pathogenic variants in over 100 known associated genes, many patients with IPN remain genetically unsolved. Providing patients with a diagnosis is critical for reducing their 'diagnostic odyssey', improving clinical care, and for informed genetic counselling. The last decade of massively parallel sequencing technologies has seen a rapid increase in the number of newly described IPN-associated gene variants contributing to IPN pathogenesis. However, the scarcity of additional families and functional data supporting variants in potential novel genes is prolonging patient diagnostic uncertainty and contributing to the missing heritability of IPNs. We review the last decade of IPN disease gene discovery to highlight novel genes, structural variation and short tandem repeat expansions contributing to IPN pathogenesis. From the lessons learnt, we provide our vision for IPN research as we anticipate the future, providing examples of emerging technologies, resources and tools that we propose that will expedite the genetic diagnosis of unsolved IPN families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevin M Parmar
- Rare Disease Genetics and Functional Genomics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Preventive Genetics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Rare Disease Genetics and Functional Genomics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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El Massry M, Msheik Z, El Masri T, Ntoutoume GMAN, Vignaud L, Richard L, Pinault E, Faye PA, Bregier F, Marquet P, Favreau F, Vallat JM, Billet F, Sol V, Sturtz F, Desmouliere A. Improvement of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Phenotype with a Nanocomplex Treatment in Two Transgenic Models of CMT1A. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0009. [PMID: 38560579 PMCID: PMC10981932 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been shown to exert beneficial effects in peripheral neuropathies. Despite its known biological activities, curcumin has unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Its instability has been linked to its failure in clinical trials of curcumin for the treatment of human pathologies. For this reason, we developed curcumin-loaded cyclodextrin/cellulose nanocrystals (NanoCur) to improve its pharmacokinetics. The present study aims to assess the potency of a low dose of NanoCur in 2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) rodent models at different stages of the disease. The efficiency of NanoCur is also compared to that of Theracurmin (Thera), a commercially available curcumin formulation. The toxicity of a short-term and chronic exposure to the treatment is investigated both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, the entry route, the mechanism of action and the effect on the nerve phenotype are dissected in this study. Overall, the data support an improvement in sensorimotor functions, associated with amelioration in peripheral myelination in NanoCur-treated animals; an effect that was not evident in the Thera-treated group. That was combined with a high margin of safety both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, NanoCur appears to inhibit inflammatory pathways that normally include macrophage recruitment to the diseased nerve. This study shows that NanoCur shows therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic toxicity, suggesting that it is a potential therapeutic candidate for CMT1A and, possibly, for other neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Massry
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Zeina Msheik
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Tarek El Masri
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Laetitia Vignaud
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, Department of Neurology,
University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Pinault
- BISCEm (Biologie Intégrative Santé Chimie Environnement) Platform, US 42 Inserm/UAR 2015 CNRS,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Faye
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry,
University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Pierre Marquet
- INSERM U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, CBRS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry,
University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, Department of Neurology,
University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Billet
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- LABCiS UR22722,
University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry,
University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Desmouliere
- NeurIT UR20218, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Kulsirichawaroj P, Suksangkharn Y, Nam DE, Pho-iam T, Limwongse C, Chung KW, Sanmaneechai O, Zuchner SL, Choi BO. Gene Distribution in Pediatric-Onset Inherited Peripheral Neuropathy: A Single Tertiary Center in Thailand. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:191-199. [PMID: 37927275 PMCID: PMC10789325 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited peripheral neuropathy presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its association with mutations in over 100 genes. This condition leads to long-term disability and poses a substantial healthcare burden on society. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the distribution of genes and establish the genotype-phenotype correlations, focusing on pediatric-onset cases. METHODS Exome sequencing and other analytical techniques were employed to identify pathogenic variants, including duplication analysis of the PMP22 gene. Each patient underwent physical examination and electrophysiological studies. Genotypes were correlated with phenotypic features, such as age at disease onset and ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity. RESULTS We identified 35 patients with pediatric-onset inherited peripheral neuropathy. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were confirmed in 24 out of 35 (68.6%) patients, with 4 of these variants being novel. A confirmed molecular diagnosis was achieved in 90.9% (10/11) of patients with demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and 56.3% (9/16) of patients with axonal CMT. Among patients with infantile-onset CMT (≤2 years), the most common causative genes were MFN2 and NEFL, while GDAP1 and MFN2 were frequent causes among patients with childhood- or adolescent-onset CMT (3-9 years). CONCLUSIONS The MFN2 gene was the most commonly implicated gene, and the axonal type was predominant in this cohort of Thai patients with pediatric-onset inherited peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Kulsirichawaroj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yanin Suksangkharn
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Theeraphong Pho-iam
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Oranee Sanmaneechai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center of Research Excellence for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Stephan L. Zuchner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Tech, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Espinoza KS, Hermanson KN, Beard CA, Schwartz NU, Snider JM, Low BE, Wiles MV, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Snider AJ. A novel HSPB1 S139F mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106769. [PMID: 37625781 PMCID: PMC10843462 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is a commonly inherited peripheral polyneuropathy. Clinical manifestations for this disease include symmetrical distal polyneuropathy, altered deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory loss, foot deformities, and gait abnormalities. Genetic mutations in heat shock proteins have been linked to CMT2. Specifically, mutations in the heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) gene encoding for heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) have been linked to CMT2F and distal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2B (dHMSN2B) subtype. The goal of the study was to examine the role of an endogenous mutation in HSPB1 in vivo and to define the effects of this mutation on motor function and pathology in a novel animal model. As sphingolipids have been implicated in hereditary and sensory neuropathies, we examined sphingolipid metabolism in central and peripheral nervous tissues in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Though sphingolipid levels were not altered in sciatic nerves from HspS139F mice, ceramides and deoxyceramides, as well as sphingomyelins (SMs) were elevated in brain tissues from HspS139F mice. Histology was utilized to further characterize HspS139F mice. HspS139F mice exhibited no alterations to the expression and phosphorylation of neurofilaments, or in the expression of acetylated α-tubulin in the brain or sciatic nerve. Interestingly, HspS139F mice demonstrated cerebellar demyelination. Locomotor function, grip strength and gait were examined to define the role of HspS139F in the clinical phenotypes associated with CMT2F. Gait analysis revealed no differences between HspWT and HspS139F mice. However, both coordination and grip strength were decreased in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Together these data suggest that the endogenous S139F mutation in HSPB1 may serve as a mouse model for hereditary and sensory neuropathies such as CMT2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila S Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kyra N Hermanson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cameron A Beard
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nicholas U Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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5
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Pfeffer GB, Haupt ET. The Surgical Correction of Cavovarus Deformity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e930-e939. [PMID: 37450785 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most commonly inherited neuropathy. CMT disease is a motor-sensory neuropathy with multiple genotypes. By comparison, the phenotypic expression is more uniform, with two main presentations. Most patients who need surgical care have progressive cavovarus foot deformity, with muscle imbalance causing a nonplantigrade foot, soft-tissue contractures, and abnormal bone morphology. Surgical treatment can be life-changing for these patients, allowing them to walk potentially brace free with more endurance and less pain. Early realignment procedures may reduce progression of joint arthritis. A minority of patients have diffuse paralysis below the knee. These patients are best treated with ground-reaction ankle-foot orthoses. This review article is based on the senior author's extensive experience with CMT, along with the limited evidenced-based literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn B Pfeffer
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Pfeffer), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (Haupt)
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Martínez Barreiro M, Vázquez Alberdi L, De León L, Avellanal G, Duarte A, Anzibar Fialho M, Baranger J, Calero M, Rubido N, Tanter M, Negreira C, Brum J, Damián JP, Kun A. In Vivo Ultrafast Doppler Imaging Combined with Confocal Microscopy and Behavioral Approaches to Gain Insight into the Central Expression of Peripheral Neuropathy in Trembler-J Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1324. [PMID: 37887034 PMCID: PMC10604841 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The main human hereditary peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth, CMT), manifests in progressive sensory and motor deficits. Mutations in the compact myelin protein gene pmp22 cause more than 50% of all CMTs. CMT1E is a subtype of CMT1 myelinopathy carrying micro-mutations in pmp22. The Trembler-J mice have a spontaneous mutation in pmp22 identical to that present in CMT1E human patients. PMP22 is mainly (but not exclusively) expressed in Schwann cells. Some studies have found the presence of pmp22 together with some anomalies in the CNS of CMT patients. Recently, we identified the presence of higher hippocampal pmp22 expression and elevated levels of anxious behavior in TrJ/+ compared to those observed in wt. In the present paper, we delve deeper into the central expression of the neuropathy modeled in Trembler-J analyzing in vivo the cerebrovascular component by Ultrafast Doppler, exploring the vascular structure by scanning laser confocal microscopy, and analyzing the behavioral profile by anxiety and motor difficulty tests. We have found that TrJ/+ hippocampi have increased blood flow and a higher vessel volume compared with the wild type. Together with this, we found an anxiety-like profile in TrJ/+ and the motor difficulties described earlier. We demonstrate that there are specific cerebrovascular hemodynamics associated with a vascular structure and anxious behavior associated with the TrJ/+ clinical phenotype, a model of the human CMT1E disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martínez Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Lucia Vázquez Alberdi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Lucila De León
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Guadalupe Avellanal
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Andrea Duarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Maximiliano Anzibar Fialho
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Jérôme Baranger
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Miguel Calero
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, UFIEC, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Queen Sofia Foundation—Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlos Negreira
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Brum
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Pablo Damián
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Wu TT, Finkel RS, Siskind CE, Feely SME, Burns J, Reilly MM, Muntoni F, Milev E, Estilow T, Shy ME, Ramchandren S. Validation of the parent-proxy version of the pediatric Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease quality of life instrument for children aged 0-7 years. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:382-389. [PMID: 37166413 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the parent-proxy version of the pediatric Charcot Marie Tooth specific quality of life (pCMT-QOL) outcome instrument for children aged 7 or younger with CMT. We have previously developed and validated the direct-report pCMT-QOL for children aged 8-18 years and a parent proxy version of the instrument for children 8-18 years old. There is currently no CMT-QOL outcome measure for children aged 0-7 years old. METHODS Testing was conducted in parents or caregivers of children aged 0-7 years old with CMT evaluated at participating INC sites from the USA, United Kingdom, and Australia. The development of the instrument was iterative, involving identification of relevant domains, item pool generation, prospective pilot testing and clinical assessments, structured focus group interviews, and psychometric testing. The parent-proxy instrument was validated rigorously by examining previously identified domains and undergoing psychometric tests for children aged 0-7. RESULTS The parent-proxy pCMT-QOL working versions were administered to 128 parents/caregivers of children aged 0-7 years old between 2010 and 2016. The resulting data underwent rigorous psychometric analysis, including factor analysis, internal consistency, and convergent validity, and longitudinal analysis to develop the final parent-proxy version of the pCMT-QOL outcome measure for children aged 0-7 years old. CONCLUSIONS The parent-proxy version of the pCMT-QOL outcome measure, known as the pCMT-QOL (0-7 years parent-proxy) is a valid and sensitive proxy measure of health-related QOL for children aged 0-7 years with CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carly E Siskind
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shawna M E Feely
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joshua Burns
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Pediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Evelin Milev
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timothy Estilow
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramchandren
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Hustinx M, Shorrocks AM, Servais L. Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Inherited Neuropathies: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1626. [PMID: 37376074 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of inherited neuropathies relies mostly on the treatment of symptoms. In recent years, a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie neuropathies has allowed for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here, we systematically review the therapies that have emerged in this field over the last five years. An updated list of diseases with peripheral neuropathy as a clinical feature was created based on panels of genes used clinically to diagnose inherited neuropathy. This list was extended by an analysis of published data by the authors and verified by two experts. A comprehensive search for studies of human patients suffering from one of the diseases in our list yielded 28 studies that assessed neuropathy as a primary or secondary outcome. Although the use of various scales and scoring systems made comparisons difficult, this analysis identified diseases associated with neuropathy for which approved therapies exist. An important finding is that the symptoms and/or biomarkers of neuropathies were assessed only in a minority of cases. Therefore, further investigation of treatment efficacy on neuropathies in future trials must employ objective, consistent methods such as wearable technologies, motor unit indexes, MRI or sonography imaging, or the use of blood biomarkers associated with consistent nerve conduction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Hustinx
- Department of Paediatrics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre and, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3DW, UK
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Liège, and University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ann-Marie Shorrocks
- Department of Paediatrics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre and, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3DW, UK
| | - Laurent Servais
- Department of Paediatrics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre and, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3DW, UK
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Liège, and University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Martin PB, Holbrook SE, Hicks AN, Hines TJ, Bogdanik LP, Burgess RW, Cox GA. Clinically relevant mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2S. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1276-1288. [PMID: 36413117 PMCID: PMC10077500 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited peripheral neuropathy that is clinically and genetically heterogenous. Mutations in IGHMBP2, a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA helicase, have been shown to cause the infantile motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1), and, more recently, juvenile-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2S (CMT2S). Using CRISPR-cas9 mutagenesis, we developed the first mouse models of CMT2S [p.Glu365del (E365del) and p.Tyr918Cys (Y918C)]. E365del is the first CMT2S mouse model to be discovered and Y918C is the first human CMT2S allele knock-in model. Phenotypic characterization of the homozygous models found progressive peripheral motor and sensory axonal degeneration. Neuromuscular and locomotor assays indicate that both E365del and Y918C mice have motor deficits, while neurobehavioral characterization of sensory function found that E365del mutants have mechanical allodynia. Analysis of femoral motor and sensory nerves identified axonal degeneration, which does not impact nerve conduction velocities in E365del mice, but it does so in the Y918C model. Based on these results, the E365del mutant mouse, and the human allele knock-in, Y918C, represent mouse models with the hallmark phenotypes of CMT2S, which will be critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of IGHMBP2. These mice will complement existing Ighmbp2 alleles modeling SMARD1 to help understand the complex phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that is observed in patients with IGHMBP2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Holbrook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Amy N Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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10
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Horvath R, Medina J, Reilly MM, Shy ME, Zuchner S. Peripheral neuropathy in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:99-116. [PMID: 36813324 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the health and viability of both motor and sensory neurons and their axons. Processes that disrupt their normal distribution and transport along axons will likely cause peripheral neuropathies. Similarly, mutations in mtDNA or nuclear encoded genes result in neuropathies that either stand alone or are part of multisystem disorders. This chapter focuses on the more common genetic forms and characteristic clinical phenotypes of "mitochondrial" peripheral neuropathies. We also explain how these various mitochondrial abnormalities cause peripheral neuropathy. In a patient with a neuropathy either due to a mutation in a nuclear or an mtDNA gene, clinical investigations aim to characterize the neuropathy and make an accurate diagnosis. In some patients, this may be relatively straightforward, where a clinical assessment and nerve conduction studies followed by genetic testing is all that is needed. In others, multiple investigations including a muscle biopsy, CNS imaging, CSF analysis, and a wide range of metabolic and genetic tests in blood and muscle may be needed to establish diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica Medina
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Novel Variants in MPV17, PRX, GJB1, and SACS Cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay Type Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020328. [PMID: 36833258 PMCID: PMC9956329 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay type (ARSACS) are large heterogeneous groups of sensory, neurological genetic disorders characterized by sensory neuropathies, muscular atrophies, abnormal sensory conduction velocities, and ataxia. CMT2EE (OMIM: 618400) is caused by mutations in MPV17 (OMIM: 137960), CMT4F (OMIM: 614895) is caused by PRX (OMIM: 605725), CMTX1 (OMIM: 302800) is caused by mutations in GJB1 (OMIM: 304040), and ARSACS (OMIM: 270550) is caused by mutations in SACS (OMIM: 604490). In this study, we enrolled four families: DG-01, BD-06, MR-01, and ICP-RD11, with 16 affected individuals, for clinical and molecular diagnoses. One patient from each family was analyzed for whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing was done for the rest of the family members. Affected individuals of families BD-06 and MR-01 show complete CMT phenotypes and family ICP-RD11 shows ARSACS type. Family DG-01 shows complete phenotypes for both CMT and ARSACS types. The affected individuals have walking difficulties, ataxia, distal limb weakness, axonal sensorimotor neuropathies, delayed motor development, pes cavus, and speech articulations with minor variations. The WES analysis in an indexed patient of family DG-01 identified two novel variants: c.83G>T (p.Gly28Val) in MPV17 and c.4934G>C (p.Arg1645Pro) in SACS. In family ICP-RD11, a recurrent mutation that causes ARSACS, c.262C>T (p.Arg88Ter) in SACS, was identified. Another novel variant, c.231C>A (p.Arg77Ter) in PRX, which causes CMT4F, was identified in family BD-06. In family MR-01, a hemizygous missense variant c.61G>C (p.Gly21Arg) in GJB1 was identified in the indexed patient. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports on MPV17, SACS, PRX, and GJB1 causing CMT and ARSACS phenotypes in the Pakistani population. Our study cohort suggests that whole exome sequencing can be a useful tool in diagnosing complex multigenic and phenotypically overlapping genetic disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay type.
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12
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Playing Disability Rugby League with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Case Study. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020021. [PMID: 36828306 PMCID: PMC9964179 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common inherited neurological disorder that causes damage to peripheral nerves. Reports of CMT patients participating in team-based sports such as disability rugby league are scarce. The objective of this case report was to evaluate the benefits of participation in disability rugby league in a 50-year-old male with CMT. Leg muscle mass and strength was worse for the case subject compared to two age-matched CMT participants with an exercise history; however, evidence of greater function in the case subject was observed through better 6-min walk test performance. Performance in a series of sport specific tests was noticeably worse for the case subject compared to a fellow rugby league player (age matched) with cerebral palsy. Inferior in-game performance was observed for the case subject compared to his fellow rugby league player in terms of distance covered, top running speed, and intensity. However, the case subject may have assumed a different role when playing as evident by the different behaviours he displayed during the games (i.e., less player contacts, tackles, or touches, but more passes of the ball). This case study provides information concerning disability rugby league as an adjunctive mode of treatment for CMT populations.
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13
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Identity-by-descent analysis of CMTX3 links three families through a common founder. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:47-49. [PMID: 36100665 PMCID: PMC9812773 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A large 78 kb insertion from chromosome 8q24.3 into Xq27.1 was identified as the cause of CMTX3 in three families of European descent from Australia (CMT193, CMT180) and New Zealand/United Kingdom (CMT623). Using the relatedness tool XIBD to perform genome-wide identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis on 16 affected individuals from the three families demonstrated they all share the CMTX3 disease locus identical-by-descent, confirming the mutation arose in a common ancestor. Relationship estimation from IBD segment data has genetically linked all three families through 6th and 7th degree relatives.
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14
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Kozina AA, Baryshnikova NV, Ilinskaya AY, Kim AA, Plotnikov NA, Pogodina NA, Surkova EI, Shatalov PA, Ilinsky VV. Novel mutation in the MPZ gene causes early-onset but slow-progressive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a Russian family: a case report. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221139718. [PMID: 36567457 PMCID: PMC9806381 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221139718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies most of which are associated with mutations in four genes including peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22), myelin protein zero (MPZ), gap junction protein beta1 (GJB1) and mitofusin2 (MFN2). This current case report describes the clinical and genetic characteristics of a 6-year-old male proband. A physical examination revealed muscular hypotonia. He started walking on his own at 18 months. A nerve conduction study with needle electromyography revealed conduction block. A novel MPZ mutation (c.398C > T, p.Pro133Leu) was revealed in the proband. This mutation was also found in the 32-year-old father of the proband. The father had had deformity of the feet and distal muscle weakness since childhood. The novel p.Pro133Leu pathogenic mutation was responsible for early onset but slowly progressive CMT1B. We assume that this site is an intolerant to change region in the MPZ gene. This variant in the MPZ gene is an important contributor to hereditary neuropathy with reduced nerve conduction velocity in the Russian population. This case highlights the importance of whole exome sequencing for a proper clinical diagnosis of CMT associated with a mutation in the MPZ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Kozina
- Department of Medical Genomics Group, Institute of Biomedical
Chemistry, Moscow, Russia,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Pirogov Russian
National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Vladimirovna Baryshnikova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Pirogov Russian
National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Science, Genotek Limited, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Ivanovna Surkova
- Department of Science, Genotek Limited, Moscow, Russia,Ekaterina Ivanovna Surkova, Department of
Science, Genotek Limited, Nastavnicheskiipereulok 17/1, Moscow, 105120, Russia.
| | - Peter Alekseevich Shatalov
- Department of Science, Genotek Limited, Moscow, Russia,Department of Molecular Genetic Service, National Medical
Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian
Federation, Obninsk, Russia
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Huang X, Wu X, Wu B, Mou J, Ma X. Identification of a rare missense mutation in GJB1 and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese family with CMT: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31733. [PMID: 36397455 PMCID: PMC9666213 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disorder. To date, more than 90 genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CMT. Here, we report the identification of a rare causative mutation in a Chinese family with CMT and a pregnant patient underwent prenatal diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 33-year-old woman with 21 + 6 weeks of pregnancy presented with progressive weakness of distal extremities after 23 years of age. A total of 8 individuals in 4 generations of her family had similar muscle weakness. On proband whole-exome sequencing (WES), a rare c.121G > A variant in the GJB1 gene was identified. DIAGNOSIS Based on the clinical and genetic findings, this patient was finally diagnosed with CMT. INTERVENTIONS The prenatal diagnosis was performed on the proband fetus. OUTCOMES The fetus did not carry this rare variant, and the pregnancy continued. LESSONS Our findings provide the first clinical evidence for the causative role of GJB1 c.121G > A variant in CMT. WES is a valuable method for diagnosing patients with CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Mou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingwei Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xingwei Ma, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China (e-mail: )
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16
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A new mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2J neuropathy replicates human axonopathy and suggest alteration in axo-glia communication. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010477. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is essential for rapid nerve impulse propagation and axon protection. Accordingly, defects in myelination or myelin maintenance lead to secondary axonal damage and subsequent degeneration. Studies utilizing genetic (CNPase-, MAG-, and PLP-null mice) and naturally occurring neuropathy models suggest that myelinating glia also support axons independently from myelin. Myelin protein zero (MPZ or P0), which is expressed only by Schwann cells, is critical for myelin formation and maintenance in the peripheral nervous system. Many mutations in MPZ are associated with demyelinating neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B [CMT1B]). Surprisingly, the substitution of threonine by methionine at position 124 of P0 (P0T124M) causes axonal neuropathy (CMT2J) with little to no myelin damage. This disease provides an excellent paradigm to understand how myelinating glia support axons independently from myelin. To study this, we generated targeted knock-in MpzT124M mutant mice, a genetically authentic model of T124M-CMT2J neuropathy. Similar to patients, these mice develop axonopathy between 2 and 12 months of age, characterized by impaired motor performance, normal nerve conduction velocities but reduced compound motor action potential amplitudes, and axonal damage with only minor compact myelin modifications. Mechanistically, we detected metabolic changes that could lead to axonal degeneration, and prominent alterations in non-compact myelin domains such as paranodes, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, and gap junctions, implicated in Schwann cell-axon communication and axonal metabolic support. Finally, we document perturbed mitochondrial size and distribution along MpzT124M axons suggesting altered axonal transport. Our data suggest that Schwann cells in P0T124M mutant mice cannot provide axons with sufficient trophic support, leading to reduced ATP biosynthesis and axonopathy. In conclusion, the MpzT124M mouse model faithfully reproduces the human neuropathy and represents a unique tool for identifying the molecular basis for glial support of axons.
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Hines TJ, Tadenev ALD, Lone MA, Hatton CL, Bagasrawala I, Stum MG, Miers KE, Hornemann T, Burgess RW. Precision mouse models of Yars/dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type C and Sptlc1/hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1. J Anat 2022; 241:1169-1185. [PMID: 34875719 PMCID: PMC9170831 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of neurodegenerative diseases such as inherited peripheral neuropathies sometimes accurately recreate the pathophysiology of the human disease, and sometimes accurately recreate the genetic perturbations found in patients. Ideally, models achieve both, but this is not always possible; nonetheless, such models are informative. Here we describe two animal models of inherited peripheral neuropathy: mice with a mutation in tyrosyl tRNA-synthetase, YarsE196K , modeling dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type C (diCMTC), and mice with a mutation in serine palmitoyltransferase long chain 1, Sptlc1C133W , modeling hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). YarsE196K mice develop disease-relevant phenotypes including reduced motor performance and reduced nerve conduction velocities by 4 months of age. Peripheral motor axons are reduced in size, but there is no reduction in axon number and plasma neurofilament light chain levels are not increased. Unlike the dominant human mutations, the YarsE196K mice only show these phenotypes as homozygotes, or as compound heterozygotes with a null allele, and no phenotype is observed in E196K or null heterozygotes. The Sptlc1C133W mice carry a knockin allele and show the anticipated increase in 1-deoxysphingolipids in circulation and in a variety of tissues. They also have mild behavioral defects consistent with HSAN1, but do not show neurophysiological defects or axon loss in peripheral nerves or in the epidermis of the hind paw or tail. Thus, despite the biochemical phenotype, the Sptlc1C133W mice do not show a strong neuropathy phenotype. Surprisingly, these mice were lethal as homozygotes, but the heterozygous genotype studied corresponds to the dominant genetics seen in humans. Thus, YarsE196K homozygous mice have a relevant phenotype, but imprecisely reproduce the human genetics, whereas the Sptlc1C133W mice precisely reproduce the human genetics, but do not recreate the disease phenotype. Despite these shortcomings, both models are informative and will be useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Museer A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Luo Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhang H, Liang T. Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with SOD1-mutant: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31378. [PMID: 36316849 PMCID: PMC9622623 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hereditary motor-sensory peripheral neuropathy, or Charot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited peripheral neuropathy characterized by progressive limb weakness and muscle atrophy. As the disease progresses, sensory and autonomic involvement may occur. We report a case of CMT associated with SOD1 gene mutation, in order to provide new ideas for clinical disease diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 50-years-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with "progressive weakness of the right lower extremity for 5 years, aggravating, and weakness of the left lower extremity for 4 months". DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed CMT. INTERVENTION Nerve nutrition and rehabilitation therapy were given, but the patient's condition still did not improve significantly. OUTCOMES The improvement of symptoms was not obvious. LESSONS The clinical manifestations and electromyography results of this patient are consistent with the characteristics of CMT. The peripheral nerve-related hereditary gene test found mutation in SOD1. It is possible that this mutation is linked to CMT. The disease is a neurodegenerative disease, that may be slowed by physical therapy and rehabilitation, but could not be healed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road. Zunyi, China
| | - Linhai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road. Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road. Zunyi, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road. Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road. Zunyi, China
- * Correspondence: Tao Liang, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian road,Zunyi,China (e-mail: )
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19
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Rodriguez-Hernandez A, Mayo M, Jauregui L, Patel P. Autosomal dominant GDAP1 mutation with severe phenotype and respiratory involvement: A case report. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905725. [PMID: 36353131 PMCID: PMC9637907 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT is a multi-gene disorder with several possible mutations responsible for a wide range of clinical presentations. A specific mutation of the ganglioside-induced-differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene is associated with the axonal subtype of CMT (CMT2K) which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, as well as the demyelinating subtype (CMT4A) which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Phenotypic disease expression is largely dependent on these inheritance patterns. While the autosomal recessive form (CMT4A) exhibits severe disease with an early onset, the autosomal dominant variant (CMT2K) tends to have milder phenotypes and a later onset. We describe an atypical presentation of a patient with severe CMT2K with rapidly progressive polyneuropathy, respiratory failure, and dysphonia. We suggest that this case will inspire further evaluation of disease heterogeneity and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
| | - Meagan Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Lilibeth Jauregui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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20
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Parodi L, Barbier M, Jacoupy M, Pujol C, Lejeune FX, Lallemant-Dudek P, Esteves T, Pennings M, Kamsteeg EJ, Guillaud-Bataille M, Banneau G, Coarelli G, Oumoussa BM, Fraidakis MJ, Stevanin G, Depienne C, van de Warrenburg B, Brice A, Durr A. The mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase SARS2 modifies onset in spastic paraplegia type 4. Genet Med 2022; 24:2308-2317. [PMID: 36056923 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 is extremely variable in age at onset; the same variant can cause onset at birth or in the eighth decade. We recently discovered that missense variants in SPAST, which influences microtubule dynamics, are associated with earlier onset and more severe disease than truncating variants, but even within the early and late-onset groups there remained significant differences in onset. Given the rarity of the condition, we adapted an extreme phenotype approach to identify genetic modifiers of onset. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study on 134 patients bearing truncating pathogenic variants in SPAST, divided into early- and late-onset groups (aged ≤15 and ≥45 years, respectively). A replication cohort of 419 included patients carrying either truncating or missense variants. Finally, age at onset was analyzed in the merged cohort (N = 553). RESULTS We found 1 signal associated with earlier age at onset (rs10775533, P = 8.73E-6) in 2 independent cohorts and in the merged cohort (N = 553, Mantel-Cox test, P < .0001). Western blotting in lymphocytes of 20 patients showed that this locus tends to upregulate SARS2 expression in earlier-onset patients. CONCLUSION SARS2 overexpression lowers the age of onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4. Lowering SARS2 or improving mitochondrial function could thus present viable approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Parodi
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Barbier
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Claire Pujol
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Pasteur Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Lallemant-Dudek
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Typhaine Esteves
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maartje Pennings
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume Banneau
- Département de Génétique, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Badreddine Mohand Oumoussa
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, Paris, France
| | - Matthew J Fraidakis
- Rare Neurological Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexis Brice
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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21
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Expression and Role of TRIM2 in Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9430509. [PMID: 36051486 PMCID: PMC9427271 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9430509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family proteins contain more than 80 members in humans, and most of these proteins exhibit E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated through a RING finger domain. Their biological functions are very complex, and they perform diverse functions in cell evolution processes, such as intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy, and carcinogenesis. Tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2), a member of the TRIM superfamily, is an 81 kDa multidomain protein, also known as CMT2R or RNF86, located at 4q31.3. TRIM2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Current studies have shown that TRIM2 can play roles in neuroprotection, neuronal rapid ischemic tolerance, antiviral responses, neurological diseases, etc. Moreover, based on some studies in tumors, TRIM2 regulates tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance through different mechanisms and plays a critical role in tumor occurrence and development. This review is aimed at providing a systematic and comprehensive summary of research on TRIM2 and at exploring the potential role of TRIM2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in many kinds of human diseases.
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22
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Kim S, Coukos R, Gao F, Krainc D. Dysregulation of organelle membrane contact sites in neurological diseases. Neuron 2022; 110:2386-2408. [PMID: 35561676 PMCID: PMC9357093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The defining evolutionary feature of eukaryotic cells is the emergence of membrane-bound organelles. Compartmentalization allows each organelle to maintain a spatially, physically, and chemically distinct environment, which greatly bolsters individual organelle function. However, the activities of each organelle must be balanced and are interdependent for cellular homeostasis. Therefore, properly regulated interactions between organelles, either physically or functionally, remain critical for overall cellular health and behavior. In particular, neuronal homeostasis depends heavily on the proper regulation of organelle function and cross talk, and deficits in these functions are frequently associated with diseases. In this review, we examine the emerging role of organelle contacts in neurological diseases and discuss how the disruption of contacts contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and regulation of organelle contacts will broaden our knowledge of their role in health and disease, laying the groundwork for the development of new therapies targeting interorganelle cross talk and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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23
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Baudou E, Cances C, Magdelaine C, Latour P, Louvier UW, Juntas-Morales R, Cintas P, Rivier F. Unexpected Intermediate Nerve Conduction Velocity Findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndromes Classified as Demyelinated or Axonal in a Pediatric Population. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:182-187. [PMID: 35297028 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), demyelinating forms are the best characterized, with a clear predominance of CMT1A. The axonal and intermediate forms are less described. The aim of this study is to report the genetic diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) according to the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) findings in a pediatric population. METHODS We retrospectively described a population of HMSN children with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of demyelinated, intermediate, or axonal forms. We compared the results of the genetic analyses with those of motor NCV in median nerve according to whether they were below 25 m/s (demyelinating group); between 25 and 45 m/s (intermediate group), or above 45 m/s (axonal group). RESULTS Among the 143 children with an HMSN, 107 had a genetic diagnosis of which 61 had an electromyogram. On NCV findings: seven (11%) pertain to the axonal group, 20 (32%) to the intermediate group, and 34 (55%) to the demyelinating group. When NCV was above 45 m/s, CMT2A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (70%) when NCV were below 25 m/s, CMT1A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (71%). Intermediate NCV findings group was the more heterogeneous with seven genetic CMT subgroups (60% CMT1A, CMT1B, CMT1X, CMT2A, CMT2N, CMT4G). CONCLUSION Taking NCV values between 25 and 45 m/s to define an intermediate group of CMT in children leads to the inclusion of non-typically "intermediate", especially CMT1A. We emphasize the broad spectrum of NCV in CMT1A that justified the systematic search of PMP22 duplication/deletion screening before next generation sequencing panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Baudou
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Claude Cances
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé CBRS, CHU de Limoges-Hôpital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est-Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est CHU de Lyon HCL - GH Est, Bron France
| | - Ulrike Walther Louvier
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centers for Neuromuscular Diseases, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Department of Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Department of Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Pierre Paul Riquet Hospital, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbes) Reference Centers for Neuromuscular Diseases, CHU Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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24
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Identification and clinical characterization of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C patients with LITAF p.G112S mutation. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1007-1016. [PMID: 35608774 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C (CMT1C) is a rare subtype associated with LITAF gene mutations. Until now, only a few studies have reported the clinical features of CMT1C. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to find CMT1C patients with mutation of LITAF in a Korean CMT cohort and to characterize their clinical features. METHODS In total, 1,143 unrelated Korean families with CMT were enrolled in a cohort. We performed whole exome sequencing to identify LITAF mutations, and examined clinical phenotypes including electrophysiological and MRI features for the identified CMT1C patients. RESULTS We identified 10 CMT1C patients from three unrelated families with p.G112S mutation in LITAF. The frequency of CMT1C among CMT1 patients was 0.59%, which is similar to reports from Western populations. CMT1C patients showed milder symptoms than CMT1A patients. The mean CMT neuropathy score version 2 was 7.7, and the mean functional disability scale was 1.0. Electrophysiological findings showed a conduction block in 22% of affected individuals. Lower extremity MRIs showed that the superficial posterior and anterolateral compartments of the calf were predominantly affected. CONCLUSIONS We found a conduction block in Korean CMT1C patients with p.G112S mutation and first described the characteristic MRI findings of the lower extremities in patients with LITAF mutation. These findings will be helpful for genotype-phenotype correlation and will widen understanding about the clinical spectrum of CMT1C.
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25
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Jamiri Z, Khosravi R, Heidari MM, Kiani E, Gharechahi J. A nonsense mutation in MME gene associates with autosomal recessive late-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1913. [PMID: 35212467 PMCID: PMC9034668 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic cause for the majority of patients with late‐onset axonal form of neuropathies have remained unknown. In this study we aimed to identify the causal mutation in a family with multiple affected individuals manifesting a range of phenotypic features consistent with late‐onset sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by targeted variant screening and prioritization was performed to identify the candidate mutation. The co‐segregation of the mutation with the phenotype was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results We identified a nonsense mutation (c.1564C>T; p.Q522*) in membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene as the cause of the disease condition. The mutation has a combined annotation‐ dependent depletion (CADD) score 45 and predicted to be deleterious based on various algorithms. The mutation was inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and further confirmed to co‐segregate with the disease phenotype in the family and showed to has the required criteria including rarity and deleteriousness to be considered as pathogenic. Conclusion The MME gene encodes for the membrane bound endopeptidase neprilysin (NEP) which is involved in processing of various peptide substrates. The identified mutation causes a complete loss of carboxy‐terminal region of the NEP protein which contains the zinc binding site and the catalytic domain and thus considered to be a loss‐of‐function mutation. The loss of NEP activity is likely associated with impaired myelination and axonal injury which is hallmark of CMT diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jamiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rana Khosravi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Kiani
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Boyling A, Perez-Siles G, Kennerson ML. Structural Variation at a Disease Mutation Hotspot: Strategies to Investigate Gene Regulation and the 3D Genome. Front Genet 2022; 13:842860. [PMID: 35401663 PMCID: PMC8990796 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.842860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare form of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, CMTX3, is caused by an interchromosomal insertion occurring at chromosome Xq27.1. Interestingly, eight other disease phenotypes have been associated with insertions (or insertion-deletions) occurring at the same genetic locus. To date, the pathogenic mechanism underlying most of these diseases remains unsolved, although local gene dysregulation has clearly been implicated in at least two phenotypes. The challenges of accessing disease-relevant tissue and modelling these complex genomic rearrangements has led to this research impasse. We argue that recent technological advancements can overcome many of these challenges, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their capacity to provide access to patient-derived disease-relevant tissue. However, to date these valuable tools have not been utilized to investigate the disease-associated insertions at chromosome Xq27.1. Therefore, using CMTX3 as a reference disease, we propose an experimental approach that can be used to explore these complex mutations, as well as similar structural variants located elsewhere in the genome. The mutational hotspot at Xq27.1 is a valuable disease paradigm with the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenic consequences of complex structural variation, and more broadly, refine our knowledge of the multifaceted process of long-range gene regulation. Intergenic structural variation is a critically understudied class of mutation, although it is likely to contribute significantly to unsolved genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boyling
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Boyling, ; Marina L. Kennerson,
| | - Gonzalo Perez-Siles
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L. Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Boyling, ; Marina L. Kennerson,
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27
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Burgess RW, Saporta MA. Brain research special issue on CMT, editorial. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147891. [PMID: 35339430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario A Saporta
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
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28
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Morikawa M, Jerath NU, Ogawa T, Morikawa M, Tanaka Y, Shy ME, Zuchner S, Hirokawa N. A neuropathy-associated kinesin KIF1A mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction during the ATPase cycle. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108899. [PMID: 35132656 PMCID: PMC8886545 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical coupling of ATPase hydrolysis and conformational dynamics in kinesin motors facilitates intramolecular interaction cycles between the kinesin motor and neck domains, which are essential for microtubule-based motility. Here, we characterized a charge-inverting KIF1A-E239K mutant that we identified in a family with axonal-type Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and also in 24 cases in human neuropathies including spastic paraplegia and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We show that Glu239 in the β7 strand is a key residue of the motor domain that regulates the motor-neck interaction. Expression of the KIF1A-E239K mutation has decreased ability to complement Kif1a+/- neurons, and significantly decreases ATPase activity and microtubule gliding velocity. X-ray crystallography shows that this mutation causes an excess positive charge on β7, which may electrostatically interact with a negative charge on the neck. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis supports that the mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction at the late ATP hydrolysis stage. Thus, the negative charge of Glu239 dynamically regulates the kinesin motor-neck interaction, promoting release of the neck from the motor domain upon ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatsu Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nivedita U Jerath
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA,Neuromuscular DivisionAdventHealth OrlandoWinter ParkFLUSA
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Research Center for Advanced Medical ScienceDokkyo Medical UniversityMibuJapan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human GenomicsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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29
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Hao X, Li C, Lv Y, Zhou T, Tian H, Ma Y, Ding J, Li X, Wang Y, Wang L, Yang P. MPZ gene variant site in Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1890. [PMID: 35174662 PMCID: PMC9000946 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary monogenic peripheral nerve disease. Variants in the gene encoding myelin protein zero (MPZ) lead to CMT, and different variants have different clinical phenotypes. A variant site, namely, c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg), in the MPZ gene has been found in Chinese people. The pathogenicity of this variant has been clarified through pedigrees, and peripheral blood‐related functional studies have been conducted. Method Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg) variant in the MPZ gene in family members of the proband. Physical examination was performed in the case group to assess the clinical characteristics of MPZ site variants. The expression of MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ in the blood of 12 cases and 12 randomly selected controls was compared by RT–qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Results The proband and 12 of her family members presented the AG genotype with different clinical manifestations. The expression of MPZ mRNA in the case group was increased compared with that in the control group, and the levels of MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ in peripheral blood were higher than those in normal controls. Conclusion The heterozygous genotype of the c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg) variant in the MPZ gene mediated the increase in MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ levels in peripheral blood and was found to be involved with CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yunguo Lv
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yaru Ma
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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30
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Hines TJ, Lutz C, Murray SA, Burgess RW. An Integrated Approach to Studying Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Using Animal and Human Cell-Based Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801819. [PMID: 35047510 PMCID: PMC8762301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As sequencing technology improves, the identification of new disease-associated genes and new alleles of known genes is rapidly increasing our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of rare diseases, including neuromuscular diseases. However, precisely because these disorders are rare and often heterogeneous, they are difficult to study in patient populations. In parallel, our ability to engineer the genomes of model organisms, such as mice or rats, has gotten increasingly efficient through techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, allowing the creation of precision human disease models. Such in vivo model systems provide an efficient means for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, animal models provide a platform for preclinical studies to test the efficacy of those strategies. Determining whether the same mechanisms are involved in the human disease and confirming relevant parameters for treatment ideally involves a human experimental system. One system currently being used is induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be differentiated into the relevant cell type(s) for in vitro confirmation of disease mechanisms and variables such as target engagement. Here we provide a demonstration of these approaches using the example of tRNA-synthetase-associated inherited peripheral neuropathies, rare forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Mouse models have led to a better understanding of both the genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease. To determine if the mechanisms are similar in human cells, we will use genetically engineered iPSC-based models. This will allow comparisons of different CMT-associated GARS alleles in the same genetic background, reducing the variability found between patient samples and simplifying the availability of cell-based models for a rare disease. The necessity of integrating mouse and human models, strategies for accomplishing this integration, and the challenges of doing it at scale are discussed using recently published work detailing the cellular mechanisms underlying GARS-associated CMT as a framework.
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31
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Guan Y, Zhang Y, Shen XM, Zhou L, Shang X, Peng Y, Hu Y, Li W. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease With Episodic Rhabdomyolysis Due to Two Novel Mutations in the β Subunit of Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein and Effective Response to Modified Diet Therapy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:694966. [PMID: 34712195 PMCID: PMC8546186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.694966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old female experienced chronic progressive peripheral neuropathy since childhood and was diagnosed with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) at age 15. She developed recurrent, fever-induced rhabdomyolysis (RM) at age 24. EMG studies showed decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potential, declined motor conductive velocity, and absence of sensor nerve action potential. Acylcarnitine analysis revealed elevated C16-OH, C18-OH, and C18:1-OH. Muscle biopsy showed scattered foci of necrotic myofibers invaded by macrophages, occasional regenerating fibers, and remarkable muscle fiber type grouping. Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel heterozygous mutations: c.490G>A (p.G164S) and c.686G>A (p.R229Q) in HADHB gene encoding the β-subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP). Reduction of long-chain fatty acid via dietary restrictions alleviated symptoms effectively. Our study indicates that the defect of the MTP β-subunit accounts for both CMT and RM in the same patient and expands the clinical spectrum of disorders caused by the HADHB mutations. Our systematic review of all MTPD patients with dietary treatment indicates that the effect of dietary treatment is related to the age of onset and the severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Guan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Animal Models as a Tool to Design Therapeutical Strategies for CMT-like Hereditary Neuropathies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091237. [PMID: 34573256 PMCID: PMC8465478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, animal models have provided fundamental information in medical knowledge. This also applies for discoveries in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), where they have been instrumental for our understanding of nerve development, pathogenesis of neuropathy, molecules and pathways involved and to design potential therapies. In this review, we briefly describe how animal models have been used in ancient medicine until the use of rodents as the prevalent model in present times. We then travel along different examples of how rodents have been used to improve our understanding of IPNs. We do not intend to describe all discoveries and animal models developed for IPNs, but just to touch on a few arbitrary and paradigmatic examples, taken from our direct experience or from literature. The idea is to show how strategies have been developed to finally arrive to possible treatments for IPNs.
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33
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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Candayan A, Çakar A, Yunisova G, Özdağ Acarlı AN, Atkinson D, Topaloğlu P, Durmuş H, Yapıcı Z, Jordanova A, Parman Y, Battaloğlu E. Genetic Survey of Autosomal Recessive Peripheral Neuropathy Cases Unravels High Genetic Heterogeneity in a Turkish Cohort. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e621. [PMID: 34476298 PMCID: PMC8409130 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a group of genetic disorders of the peripheral nervous system in which neuropathy is the only or the most predominant clinical feature. The most common type of IPN is Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Autosomal recessive CMT (ARCMT) is generally more severe than dominant CMT and its genetic basis is poorly understood due to high clinical and genetic diversity. Here, we report clinical and genetic findings from 56 consanguineous Turkish families initially diagnosed with CMT disease. Methods We initially screened the GDAP1 gene in our cohort as it is the most commonly mutated ARCMT gene. Next, whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping based on whole-exome sequencing (HOMWES) analysis was performed. To understand the molecular impact of candidate causative genes, functional analyses were performed in patient primary fibroblasts. Results Biallelic recurrent mutations in the GDAP1 gene have been identified in 6 patients. Whole-exome sequencing and HOMWES analysis revealed 16 recurrent and 13 novel disease-causing alleles in known IPN-related genes and 2 novel candidate genes: 1 for a CMT-like disease and 1 for autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy. We have achieved a potential genetic diagnosis rate of 62.5% (35/56 families) in our cohort. Considering only the variants that meet the American College for Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, the definitive diagnosis rate was 55.35% (31/56 families). Discussion This study paints a genetic landscape of the Turkish ARCMT population and reports additional candidate genes that might help enlighten the mechanism of pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Candayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Arman Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gulshan Yunisova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ayşe Nur Özdağ Acarlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Derek Atkinson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pınar Topaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zuhal Yapıcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yeşim Parman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Esra Battaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (A.C., E.B.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuromuscular Unit (A.Ç., G.Y., A.N.Ö.A., H.D., Y.P.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., A.J.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Epigenetics (D.A.), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Child Neurology (P.T., Z.Y.), Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey; and Molecular Medicine Center (A.J.), Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
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Müller JS, Horvath R. Modelling Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a dish reveals common cell type-specific alterations. Brain 2021; 144:2234-2236. [PMID: 34318312 PMCID: PMC8418343 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons of CMT type 2 patients reveal progressive mitochondrial dysfunction’, by Van Lent et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awab226).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane S Müller
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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36
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Jordà-Gómez P, Sánchez-Gonzalez M, Ortega-Yago A, Navarrete-Faubel E, Martínez-Garrido I, Vicent-Carsí V. Management of flexible cavovarus foot in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: Midterm results. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Huang C, Shen ZR, Huang J, Sun SC, Ma D, Li MY, Wang ZK, Zheng YC, Zheng ZJ, He F, Xu X, Li Z, Zheng BY, Li YM, Xu XM, Xiong F. C1orf194 deficiency leads to incomplete early embryonic lethality and dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a knockout mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2471-2480. [PMID: 32592472 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and shows clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in C1orf194 encoding a Ca2+ regulator in neurons and Schwann cells have been reported previously by us to cause CMT disease. In here, we further investigated the function and pathogenic mechanism of C1or194 by generating C1orf194 knockout (KO) mice. Homozygous mutants of C1orf194 mice exhibited incomplete embryonic lethality, characterized by differentiation abnormalities and stillbirth on embryonic days 7.5-15.5. Heterozygous and surviving homozygous C1orf194 KO mice developed motor and sensory defects at the age of 4 months. Electrophysiologic recordings showed decreased compound muscle action potential and motor nerve conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve of C1orf194-deficient mice as a pathologic feature of dominant intermediate-type CMT. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed demyelination and axonal atrophy in the sciatic nerve as well as swelling and loss of mitochondrial matrix and other abnormalities in axons and Schwann cells. A histopathologic examination showed a loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and muscle atrophy. Shorter internodal length between nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures was detected in the sciatic nerve of affected animals. These results indicate that C1orf194 KO mice can serve as an animal model of CMT with a severe dominant intermediate CMT phenotype that can be used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the disease and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Chang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yi Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Kui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chun Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Jun Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Mao Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Min Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Feliciano CM, Wu K, Watry HL, Marley CBE, Ramadoss GN, Ghanim HY, Liu AZ, Zholudeva LV, McDevitt TC, Saporta MA, Conklin BR, Judge LM. Allele-Specific Gene Editing Rescues Pathology in a Human Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2E. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723023. [PMID: 34485306 PMCID: PMC8415563 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disorders are caused by dominant missense mutations that lead to dominant-negative or gain-of-function pathology. This category of disease is challenging to address via drug treatment or gene augmentation therapy because these strategies may not eliminate the effects of the mutant protein or RNA. Thus, effective treatments are severely lacking for these dominant diseases, which often cause severe disability or death. The targeted inactivation of dominant disease alleles by gene editing is a promising approach with the potential to completely remove the cause of pathology with a single treatment. Here, we demonstrate that allele-specific CRISPR gene editing in a human model of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease rescues pathology caused by a dominant missense mutation in the neurofilament light chain gene (NEFL, CMT type 2E). We utilized a rapid and efficient method for generating spinal motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient with CMT2E. Diseased motor neurons recapitulated known pathologic phenotypes at early time points of differentiation, including aberrant accumulation of neurofilament light chain protein in neuronal cell bodies. We selectively inactivated the disease NEFL allele in patient iPSCs using Cas9 enzymes to introduce a frameshift at the pathogenic N98S mutation. Motor neurons carrying this allele-specific frameshift demonstrated an amelioration of the disease phenotype comparable to that seen in an isogenic control with precise correction of the mutation. Our results validate allele-specific gene editing as a therapeutic approach for CMT2E and as a promising strategy to silence dominant mutations in any gene for which heterozygous loss-of-function is well tolerated. This highlights the potential for gene editing as a therapy for currently untreatable dominant neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M. Feliciano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth Wu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Chiara B. E. Marley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gokul N. Ramadoss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Angela Z. Liu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mario A. Saporta
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luke M. Judge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Narayanan RK, Brewer MH, Perez-Siles G, Ellis M, Ly C, Burgess A, Neumann B, Nicholson GA, Vucic S, Kennerson ML. Charcot-Marie-tooth disease causing mutation (p.R158H) in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) affects synaptic transmission, ATP production and causes neurodegeneration in a CMTX6 C. elegans model. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:133-145. [PMID: 34387338 PMCID: PMC8682796 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a commonly inherited, non-fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects sensory and motor neurons in patients. More than 90 genes are known to cause axonal and demyelinating forms of CMT. The p.R158H mutation in the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) gene is the genetic cause for an X linked form of axonal CMT (CMTX6). In vitro studies using patient fibroblasts and iPSC-derived motor neurons have shown that this mutation causes deficits in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. Animal models that recapitulate pathogenic in vivo events in patients are crucial for investigating mechanisms of axonal degeneration and developing therapies for CMT. We have developed a C. elegans model of CMTX6 by knocking-in the p.R158H mutation in pdhk-2, the ortholog of PDK3. In addition, we have developed animal models overexpressing the wild type and mutant form of human PDK3 specifically in the GABAergic motor neurons of C. elegans. CMTX6 mutants generated in this study exhibit synaptic transmission deficits, locomotion defects and show signs of progressive neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the CMTX6 in vivo models display energy deficits that recapitulate the phenotype observed in patient fibroblasts and iPSC-derived motor neurons. Our CMTX6 animals represent the first in vivo model for this form of CMT and have provided novel insights into the cellular function and metabolic pathways perturbed by the p.R158H mutation, all the while closely replicating the clinical presentation observed in CMTX6 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K Narayanan
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan H Brewer
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Perez-Siles
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melina Ellis
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ly
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- Cell Division Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brent Neumann
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord General Repatriation Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Vucic
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord General Repatriation Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yarar C, Bas H, Celik G, Cilingir O, Carman KB, Artan S. Identification of a Homozygous Deletion within FGD4 in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4H Family by Exome Sequencing. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies by causing distal muscle weakness, sensory impairment, hyporeflexia, and skeletal deformities. Both of sequence and copy number variations (CNVs) of over 80 genes have been described in CMT patients so far, and FGD4 variants are among the uncommon causes of the disease. In this article, we present four siblings with early-onset CMT, who were found to carry a novel homozygous deletion within FGD4 gene by exome sequencing. Since CNVs of CMT-related genes other than PMP22 have been rarely described in literature and they are prone to be overlooked by next generation sequencing, this report confirms the importance of paying additional attention to these variants to increase diagnostic yield in CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coskun Yarar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gokalp Celik
- Intergen Genetic Diagnosis Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cilingir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kursat Bora Carman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sevilhan Artan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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41
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Biondo ED, Spontarelli K, Ababioh G, Méndez L, Artigas P. Diseases caused by mutations in the Na +/K + pump α1 gene ATP1A1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C394-C408. [PMID: 34232746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cell survival requires function of the Na+/K+ pump; the heteromeric protein that hydrolyzes ATP to extrude Na+ and import K+ across the plasmalemma, thereby building and maintaining these ions' electrochemical gradients. Numerous dominant diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding for Na+/K+ pump catalytic (α) subunit isoforms highlight the importance of this protein. Here, we review literature describing disorders caused by missense mutations in ATP1A1, the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed α1 isoform of the Na+/K+ pump. These various maladies include primary aldosteronism with secondary hypertension, an endocrine syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral neuropathy, complex spastic paraplegia, another neuromuscular disorder, as well as hypomagnesemia accompanied by seizures and cognitive delay, a condition affecting the renal and central nervous systems. This article focuses on observed commonalities among these mutations' functional effects, as well as on the special characteristics that enable each particular mutation to exclusively affect a certain system, without affecting others. In this respect, it is clear how somatic mutations localized to adrenal adenomas increase aldosterone production without compromising other systems. However, it remains largely unknown how and why some but not all de novo germline or familial mutations (where the mutant must be expressed in numerous tissues) produce a specific disease and not the other diseases. We propose hypotheses to explain this observation and the approaches that we think will drive future research on these debilitating disorders to develop novel patient-specific treatments by combining the use of heterologous protein-expression systems, patient-derived pluripotent cells, and gene-edited cell and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa D Biondo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Kerri Spontarelli
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Giovanna Ababioh
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Lois Méndez
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Pablo Artigas
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Presa M, Bailey RM, Davis C, Murphy T, Cook J, Walls R, Wilpan H, Bogdanik L, Lenk GM, Burgess RW, Gray SJ, Lutz C. AAV9-mediated FIG4 delivery prolongs life span in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J mouse model. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137159. [PMID: 33878035 PMCID: PMC8159684 DOI: 10.1172/jci137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J (CMT4J) is caused by recessive, loss-of-function mutations in FIG4, encoding a phosphoinositol(3,5)P2-phosphatase. CMT4J patients have both neuron loss and demyelination in the peripheral nervous system, with vacuolization indicative of endosome/lysosome trafficking defects. Although the disease is highly variable, the onset is often in childhood and FIG4 mutations can dramatically shorten life span. There is currently no treatment for CMT4J. Here, we present the results of preclinical studies testing a gene-therapy approach to restoring FIG4 expression. A mouse model of CMT4J, the Fig4-pale tremor (plt) allele, was dosed with a single-stranded adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) to deliver a codon-optimized human FIG4 sequence. Untreated, Fig4plt/plt mice have a median survival of approximately 5 weeks. When treated with the AAV9-FIG4 vector at P1 or P4, mice survived at least 1 year, with largely normal gross motor performance and little sign of neuropathy by neurophysiological or histopathological evaluation. When mice were treated at P7 or P11, life span was still significantly prolonged and peripheral nerve function was improved, but rescue was less complete. No unanticipated adverse effects were observed. Therefore, AAV9-mediated delivery of FIG4 is a well-tolerated and efficacious strategy in a mouse model of CMT4J.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M. Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Tara Murphy
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Jenn Cook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Randy Walls
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | | | - Guy M. Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Steven J. Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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43
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Svaren J. Adeno-associated virus gene therapy to the rescue for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149492. [PMID: 34060476 DOI: 10.1172/jci149492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic peripheral neuropathy known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J (CMT4J) is caused by recessive mutations in the FIG4 gene. The transformational success of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy has generated substantial interest in using this approach to create similar treatments for CMT. In this issue of the JCI, Presa et al. provide a preclinical demonstration of efficacy using AAV-directed gene therapy for CMT4J. The study showed a dramatic improvement in both survival and neuropathy symptoms in a severe mouse model of CMT4J after administration of AAV gene therapy at several time points. The authors' approach advances the technique for delivering treatments to individuals with CMT, for which FDA-approved therapies have not yet come to the clinic.
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44
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Schorling E, Senn KC, Thiele S, Gumbert L, Krause S, Schreiber-Katz O, Walter MC, Reilich P, Nagels KH. Health-related Quality of Life and Satisfaction with German Health Care Services in Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:211-220. [PMID: 34057093 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies entail a large group of diseases with different gene mutation patterns, which produce heterogeneous phenotypes. Although health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is significantly impaired, a comprehensive assessment of HRQOL in CMT patients in Germany considering phenotypical heterogeneity represented a research gap.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess HRQOL and the satisfaction with health care in CMT patients in Germany.MethodsCMT patients > 15 years with a genetically confirmed CMT subtype were recruited through a national CMT patient registry. HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Furthermore, subjective impairments in daily or work activities and satisfaction with health care were assessed using 4-point scales.ResultsHRQOL in CMT patients (n = 385) was impaired compared to the German population. Most patients reported problems in the dimension mobility (89.6%), pain/discomfort (89.4%) and usual activities (81.0%). Except for patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP), we found no differences in HRQOL between the CMT subtypes. 72.0%of CMT patients were satisfied with available health care services. However, patients reported to expect more CMT-specific knowledge and support as well as easier prescription and cost coverage procedures from health professionals and insurances.ConclusionsThe patient-reported outcomes in the assessed CMT cohort elucidate the need for more specific health care services that also address the heterogeneous phenotypes. Although the assessment has been limited to the German health services setting, insights may be applicable to CMT-specific care in other national settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schorling
- University of Bayreuth, Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences, Bayreuth, Germany.,Max Rubner-Institute, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Katja C Senn
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simone Thiele
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Gumbert
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maggie C Walter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Reilich
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H Nagels
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
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45
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Howard P, Feely SME, Grider T, Bacha A, Scarlato M, Fazio R, Quattrini A, Shy ME, Previtali SC. Loss of function MPZ mutation causes milder CMT1B neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:177-183. [PMID: 33960567 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Myelin Protein Zero (MPZ) cause CMT1B, the second leading cause of CMT1. Many of the >200 mutations cause neuropathy through a toxic gain of function by the mutant protein such as ER retention, activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or disruption of myelin compaction. While there is extensive literature on the loss of function consequences of MPZ in heterozygous Mpz +/- null mice, there is little known of the consequences of MPZ haploinsufficiency in humans. We identified six patients from different families with p.Tyr68Ter or p.Asp104fs heterozygous mutations of MPZ that are predicted to cause a premature termination and nonsense mediated decay of the mutant allele. Five patients were evaluated in Milan and one in Iowa City; all should be haploinsufficient for MPZ. Patients were evaluated clinically and by electrophysiology. Sensory ataxia dominated the clinical presentation with only mild weakness present in five of the six patients. Symptoms presented in adulthood in all patients and only one individual had a CMTNSv2 >5. Deep tendon reflexes were absent in all patients. Patients with likely MPZ loss of function due to mutations that cause haplodeficiency in MPZ have a mild, predominantly large fiber sensory neuropathy that serves as a human equivalent to the neuropathy observed in heterozygous Mpz null mice. Successful therapeutic approaches in treating Mpz deficient mice may be candidates for trials in these and similar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Howard
- Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Grider
- University of Iowa Healthcare Neurology, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexa Bacha
- Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marina Scarlato
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Michael E Shy
- Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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46
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Management of flexible cavovarus foot in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: midterm results. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2021. [PMID: 33906827 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary motor sensory neuropathy that frequently results in a cavovarus foot in the adult. Surgical treatment allows correction of the deformity while preserving an adequate range of motion. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the result of posterior tibial tendon transfer, first metatarsal ascent osteotomy, and calcaneal valgus osteotomy in the treatment of cavovarus foot secondary to CMT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective cohort of CMT patients who received surgical treatment of their cavovarus foot. Collected data included demographics, CMT genetic variant, neurologic involvement, surgical technique, range of motion, functionality, radiology, and postoperative satisfaction. RESULTS 16 patients met the inclusion criteria, mostly women (62.5%) with the CMT1A variant (62.5%), and a mean age of 39.5 years. 13 patients required additional surgical techniques: lengthening of the Achilles tendon, interphalangeal arthrodesis and/or plantar fascia section. 2 patients underwent a secondary procedure: subtalar arthrodesis due to persistence of the varus deformity, and a lengthening of the extensor hallux longus due to initial undercorrection. The mean follow-up was 42 months. Significant differences (p = 0.003) were observed between the pre-surgical AOFAS and at 12 months postoperatively (37.25 vs. 86.5). 75% of the patients reported «excellent» or «good» satisfaction after surgery. All radiographic parameters showed significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the aforementioned surgical techniques for the cavovarus foot in CMT results in adequate functionality, good radiological correction and a high degree of satisfaction, avoiding primary arthrodescent surgery.
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47
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Biallelic variants in the SORD gene are one of the most common causes of hereditary neuropathy among Czech patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8443. [PMID: 33875678 PMCID: PMC8055917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, biallelic variants in the SORD gene were identified as causal for axonal hereditary neuropathy (HN). We ascertained the spectrum and frequency of SORD variants among a large cohort of Czech patients with unknown cause of HN. Exome sequencing data were analysed for SORD (58 patients). The prevalent c.757del variant was tested with fragment analysis (931 patients). Sanger sequencing in additional 70 patients was done. PCR primers were designed to amplify the SORD gene with the exclusion of the pseudogene SORD2P. Sequence differences between gene and pseudogene were identified and frequencies of SNPs were calculated. Eighteen patients from 16 unrelated families with biallelic variants in the SORD gene were found and the c.757del was present in all patients on at least one allele. Three novel, probably pathogenic, variants were detected, always in a heterozygous state in combination with the c.757del on the second allele. Patients presented with a slowly progressive axonal HN. Almost all patients had moderate pes cavus deformity. SORD neuropathy is frequent in Czech patients and the third most common cause of autosomal recessive HN. The c.757del is highly prevalent. Specific amplification of the SORD gene with the exclusion of the pseudogene is essential for a precise molecular diagnostics.
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48
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Ghosh S, Tourtellotte WG. The Complex Clinical and Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:487-509. [PMID: 33497257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-030320-100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy (HPN) is a complex group of neurological disorders caused by mutations in genes expressed by neurons and Schwann cells. The inheritance of a single mutation or multiple mutations in several genes leads to disease phenotype. Patients exhibit symptoms during development, at an early age or later in adulthood. Most of the mechanistic understanding about these neuropathies comes from animal models and histopathological analyses of postmortem human tissues. Diagnosis is often very complex due to the heterogeneity and overlap in symptoms and the frequent overlap between various genes and different mutations they possess. Some symptoms in HPN are common through different subtypes such as axonal degeneration, demyelination, and loss of motor and sensory neurons, leading to similar physiologic abnormalities. Recent advances in gene-targeted therapies, genetic engineering, and next-generation sequencing have augmented our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
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49
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Yamamoto D, Oda R, Hisahara S, Ishikawa A, Ogi T, Shimohama S. [A case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z caused by MORC2 S87L mutation mimicking spinal muscular atrophy]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:262-264. [PMID: 33762496 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 33-year-old man with an unremarkable family history has had limb muscle weakness, joint contracture and skeleton deformation from early childhood. He was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by a pediatrician. He needed assistance and used orthoses in his daily life. There was no subjective sensory disturbance. However, physical examination showed slight sensory impairment, and nerve conduction study indicated sensory motor axonal neuropathy. This finding suggested Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Gene analysis detected MORC2 S87L mutation, leading to a diagnosis of CMT type 2Z. Patients with MORC2 S87L mutation are known to exhibit a severe phenotype, and may mimic SMA. It is important to demonstrate subclinical sensory neuropathy in patients with MORC2 S87L mutation mimicking SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Ryosuke Oda
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shin Hisahara
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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50
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Alderson TR, Adriaenssens E, Asselbergh B, Pritišanac I, Van Lent J, Gastall HY, Wälti MA, Louis JM, Timmerman V, Baldwin AJ, Lp Benesch J. A weakened interface in the P182L variant of HSP27 associated with severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy causes aberrant binding to interacting proteins. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103811. [PMID: 33644875 PMCID: PMC8047445 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HSP27 is a human molecular chaperone that forms large, dynamic oligomers and functions in many aspects of cellular homeostasis. Mutations in HSP27 cause Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. A particularly severe form of CMT disease is triggered by the P182L mutation in the highly conserved IxI/V motif of the disordered C‐terminal region, which interacts weakly with the structured core domain of HSP27. Here, we observed that the P182L mutation disrupts the chaperone activity and significantly increases the size of HSP27 oligomers formed in vivo, including in motor neurons differentiated from CMT patient‐derived stem cells. Using NMR spectroscopy, we determined that the P182L mutation decreases the affinity of the HSP27 IxI/V motif for its own core domain, leaving this binding site more accessible for other IxI/V‐containing proteins. We identified multiple IxI/V‐bearing proteins that bind with higher affinity to the P182L variant due to the increased availability of the IxI/V‐binding site. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for the impact of the P182L mutation on HSP27 and suggest that the IxI/V motif plays an important, regulatory role in modulating protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reid Alderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support Facility, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iva Pritišanac
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Heidi Y Gastall
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marielle A Wälti
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Louis
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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