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Giri NA, Bhangale A, Gaikwad NN, Manjunatha N, Raigond P, Marathe RA. Comparative study on effect of pomegranate peel powder as natural preservative and chemical preservatives on quality and shelf life of muffins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10307. [PMID: 38705878 PMCID: PMC11070418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) as a natural preservative in muffin preparation. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The In-Vitro antifungal activity of pomegranate peel powder (8% PPP), potassium sorbate (0.1% PS) and calcium propionate (0.5% CP) was assessed against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. using poison food technique. The PPP showed the anti-fungal activity by delaying the growth of microorganism on media plate similar to the PS and CP. The effect of utilization of PPP on quality characteristics of muffins were compared with the muffins with chemical preservatives (0.1% PS and 0.5% CP). The viscosity and specific gravity of batter significantly increased from 7.98 to 11.87 Pa s and 1.089-1.398 respectively on addition of 8% PPP. The optical microscopic structure of PPP added batter revealed the decrease in the number of air cells from 24 to 12 with radius range of 6.42-72.72 μm and area range of 511.03-15,383.17 µm2. The functional properties of flour with PPP had higher water absorption capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity and emulsion stability than others. The addition of PPP significantly increase the weight (32.83 g), and decrease the height (31.3 mm), volume (61.43 cm3), specific volume (1.67 cm3/g) and baking loss (10.19%). The 418.36% increase in fibre content, 14.46% and 18.46% decrease in carbohydrates and energy value was observed in muffin with 8% PPP as compared to control respectively. The total phenols was increased from 0.92 to 12.5 mg GAE/100 g, total tannin from 0.2 to 8.27 mg GAE/100 g, In-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH from 6.97 to 29.34% and In-vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP from 0.497 to 2.934 mg AAE/100 g in muffins added with 8% PPP. The muffin with PPP was softer than control and muffin with 0.1% PS. The addition of PPP resulted to improve in muffin texture but taste slightly bitter. During the storage of muffins at room temperature (27-30 °C), the moisture content of muffin with PPP was reduced from 17.04 to 13.23% which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Similarly, the hardness of sample with PPP was higher than the sample with 0.5% CP, but lowers than control and sample with 0.1% PS throughout the storage period. The results suggest that pomegranate peel powder can be successfully used as a natural preservative in place of chemical preservatives in muffins, to extend the shelf life. This study provides the opportunity to use PPP as functional ingredient and natural preservative in different bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Ankush Giri
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Aditi Bhangale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh N Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Manjunatha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pinky Raigond
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - R A Marathe
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India.
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Atwi-Ghaddar S, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Integrated Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Pre-Formulation Process of Punica granatum L. Pericarp Polar Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:8110. [PMID: 38138602 PMCID: PMC10745611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit in the dietary supplement industry due to its richness in bioactive compounds. In this study, an experimental design was applied to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of polar compounds of interest (ellagic acid and punicalagins), known for antioxidant and skin care properties from pomegranate's pericarp. The effects of temperature, modifier percentage, and water additive percentage added in the modifier were explored through a Box-Behnken design, followed by a study of the extraction kinetics. The results indicated that 40 °C, 20% EtOH:H2O 80:20 v:v, with an extraction duration of 60 min allowed for the highest recovery of the above-mentioned molecules (19.59 mg/g). Due to solubilization issues encountered by the extract, a screening of cosmetic solvents was carried out to solubilize SFE pomegranate extracts and a composition of Gly:H2O 80:20 v:v was selected. Furthermore, an integrated SFE pre-formulation process of pomegranate pericarp extract (PPE) was elaborated. This allowed for the recovery of the extracts in cosmetic solvent, avoiding a full evaporation. Finally, the stability of the pre-formulated extracts was evaluated and showed high stability for over 3 months at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lesellier
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), University of Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45100 Orléans, France; (S.A.-G.); (E.D.)
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Tátraaljai D, Tang Y, Pregi E, Vági E, Horváth V, Pukánszky B. Stabilization of PE with Pomegranate Extract: Contradictions and Possible Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020418. [PMID: 35204300 PMCID: PMC8869723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry pomegranate peel was extracted with acetone and the extract was added to a Phillips type polyethylene. The concentration of the extract was changed from 0 to 1000 ppm in six steps and stabilization efficiency was checked by the multiple extrusion of the polymer followed by the characterization of chemical structure, processing, and residual stability. The results confirmed the excellent processing stabilization efficiency of the extract, but also the poor long-term stability of PE containing it in accordance with previously published results. The extract is amorphous and its solubility is relatively large in the polymer; thus, these factors cannot be the reason for the poor stabilization efficiency in an oxygen-rich environment. Chemical factors like the self-interaction of the polyphenol molecules, the stability of the radicals forming after hydrogen abstraction, and the lack of hydrogens with the necessary reactivity must be considered during the evaluation of the efficiency of the extract. These factors as well as the insufficient number of active hydrogens hinder the reaction of the additive molecules with oxygen-centered radicals, thus leading to inferior long-term stability. The extract can be used for the processing stabilization of polymers, but for applications requiring long-term stability, it must be combined with other natural antioxidants like flavonoids or Vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Tátraaljai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, P.O. Box 286, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary; (E.P.); (B.P.)
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-382-6569
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Emese Pregi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, P.O. Box 286, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary; (E.P.); (B.P.)
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Vági
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Viola Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Pukánszky
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, P.O. Box 286, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary; (E.P.); (B.P.)
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
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Enhanced Bioactivity of Pomegranate Peel Extract following Controlled Release from CaCO3 Nanocrystals. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6341298. [PMID: 35190732 PMCID: PMC8858070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6341298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel extract is rich of interesting bioactive chemicals, principally phenolic compounds, which have shown antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidative properties. The aim of this work was to improve extract’ bioactivity through the adsorption on calcium carbonate nanocrystals. Nanocrystals revealed as efficient tools for extract adsorption reaching 50% of loading efficiency. Controlled release of the contained metabolites under acidic pH has been found, as it was confirmed by quantitative assay and qualitative study through NMR analysis. Specific functionality of inorganic nanocarriers could be also tuned by biopolymeric coating. The resulting coated nanoformulations showed a great antimicrobial activity against B. cinerea fungus preventing strawberries disease better than a commercial fungicide. Furthermore, nanoformulations demonstrated a good antiproliferative activity in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells carrying out a higher cytotoxic effect respect to free extract, confirming a crucial role of nanocarriers. Finally, pomegranate peel extract showed a very high radical scavenging ability, equal to ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity, measured also in intracellular environment, highlighted a protective action of extract-adsorbed nanocrystals twice than free extract, providing a possible application for new nutraceutical formulations.
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Balaban M, Koc C, Sar T, Akbas MY. Antibiofilm effects of pomegranate peel extracts against
B. cereus
,
B. subtilis
, and
E. faecalis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Balaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center Siirt University Siirt 56100 Turkey
| | - Cansel Koc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery University of Borås Borås 501 90 Sweden
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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Sayago-Ayerdi S, García-Martínez DL, Ramírez-Castillo AC, Ramírez-Concepción HR, Viuda-Martos M. Tropical Fruits and Their Co-Products as Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Effects: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081952. [PMID: 34441729 PMCID: PMC8393595 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical fruits are recognized as a source of a high content of bioactive compounds and health promoting properties due to their nutritional composition. These beneficial health effects are related to the content of several of these bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics. Many of these compounds are common in different tropical fruits, such as epicatechin in mango, pineapple, and banana, or catechin in pineapple, cocoa or avocado. Many studies of tropical fruits had been carried out, but in this work an examination is made in the current literature of the flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics content of some tropical fruits and their coproducts, comparing the content in the same units, as well as examining the role that these compounds play in health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sayago-Ayerdi
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Diana Laura García-Martínez
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Ailin Cecilia Ramírez-Castillo
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Heidi Rubí Ramírez-Concepción
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Agro-Food Technology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-749-661
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Antifungal Activity and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibition of Hydrolysable Tannins from Punica granatum L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084175. [PMID: 33920681 PMCID: PMC8073005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) fruit is known to be an important source of bioactive phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins. Pomegranate extracts have shown antifungal activity, but the compounds responsible for this activity and their mechanism/s of action have not been completely elucidated up to now. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the inhibition ability of a selection of pomegranate phenolic compounds (i.e., punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, gallic acid) on both plant and human fungal pathogens. In addition, the biological target of punicalagin was identified here for the first time. The antifungal activity of pomegranate phenolics was evaluated by means of Agar Disk Diffusion Assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation. A chemoinformatic analysis predicted for the first time topoisomerases I and II as potential biological targets of punicalagin, and this prediction was confirmed by in vitro inhibition assays. Concerning phytopathogens, all the tested compounds were effective, often similarly to the fungicide imazalil at the label dose. Particularly, punicalagin showed the lowest MIC for Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, whereas punicalin was the most active compound in terms of growth control extent. As for human pathogens, punicalagin was the most active compound among the tested ones against Candida albicans reference strains, as well as against the clinically isolates. UHPLC coupled with HRMS indicated that C. albicans, similarly to the phytopathogen Coniella granati, is able to hydrolyze both punicalagin and punicalin as a response to the fungal attack. Punicalagin showed a strong inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 9.0 and 4.6 µM against C. albicans topoisomerases I and II, respectively. Altogether, the results provide evidence that punicalagin is a valuable candidate to be further exploited as an antifungal agent in particular against human fungal infections.
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Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM, Szulc M, Wielgus K, Kujawski R, Wolski H, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A. Plant Phenolics and Extracts in Animal Models of Preeclampsia and Clinical Trials-Review of Perspectives for Novel Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030269. [PMID: 33809556 PMCID: PMC8000132 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current health requirements set the direction in pharmacological research, especially as regards diseases that require improvement of existing therapeutic regimens. Such diseases include preeclampsia, which is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy during which there occurs progressive increasing activation of the immune system through elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antiangiogenic factors, which is dangerous for the mother and fetus. A promising field of research for new drugs to treat this disease is the study of natural phenolic compounds of plant origin and herbal extracts, which are complex matrices of chemical compounds with broad biological activities. Many plant substances with anti‑inflammatory and anti‑hypertensive properties are known, but studies in animal models of preeclampsia and clinical trials concerning this disease constitute a new and developing research trend of significant medical importance. The aim of our research review was to identify and analyze the results of already available studies on baicalin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, punicalagin, quercetin, resveratrol, salvianolic acid A (danshensu), silibinin, and vitexin, as well as plant extracts from Brassica oleracea L., Euterpe oleracea Mart., Moringa oleifera Lam., Punica granatum L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner, Thymus schimperi Ronniger, Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil., and Vitis vinifera L., which are potential and promising candidates for further research and for potential new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michał Szulc
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Karolina Wielgus
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Radosław Kujawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Podhale Multidisciplinary Hospital, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland;
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 62-064 Poznań, Poland
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Impact of micro wet milling process on pomegranate peel phenolics extraction using multi‐response optimization. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Belgacem I, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Pangallo S, Abdelfattah A, Benuzzi M, Agosteo GE, Schena L. Pomegranate Peel Extracts as Safe Natural Treatments to Control Plant Diseases and Increase the Shelf-Life and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:453. [PMID: 33673670 PMCID: PMC7997167 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the Green Revolution was a milestone in agriculture, it was accompanied by intensive use of synthetic pesticides, which has raised serious concerns due to their impact on human and environmental health. This is increasingly stimulating the search for safer and more eco-friendly alternative means to control plant diseases and prevent food spoilage. Among the proposed alternatives, pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) are very promising because of their high efficacy. In the present review, we discuss the complex mechanisms of action that include direct antimicrobial activity and induction of resistance in treated plant tissues and highlight the importance of PPE composition in determining their activity. The broad spectrum of activity, wide range of application and high efficiency of PPEs against bacterial, fungal and viral plant pathogens suggest a potential market not only restricted to organic production but also integrated farming systems. Considering that PPEs are non-chemical by-products of the pomegranate industry, they are perceived as safe by the public and may be integrated in circular economy strategies. This will likely encourage agro-pharmaceutical industries to develop commercial formulations and speed up the costly process of registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Belgacem
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Sonia Pangallo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Massimo Benuzzi
- BIOGARD, Division of CBC (Europe) srl, 24050 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni E. Agosteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
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Petrotos K, Giavasis I, Gerasopoulos K, Mitsagga C, Papaioannou C, Gkoutsidis P. Optimization of the Vacuum Microwave Assisted Extraction of the Natural Polyphenols and Flavonoids from the Raw Solid Waste of the Pomegranate Juice Producing Industry at Industrial Scale. Molecules 2021; 26:1033. [PMID: 33669172 PMCID: PMC7919679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate pomace (PP) is the solid waste produced in bulk by the pomegranate juice industry which is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that can replace the hazardous chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials currently used in the agro-food and cosmetics sectors. In the present work, the vacuum microwave assisted extraction (VMAE) of natural antioxidants from raw pomegranate pomace was investigated and successfully optimized at an industrial scale. For the optimization of PP VMAE a novel, highly accurate response surface methodology (RSM) based on a comprehensive multi-point historical design was employed. The optimization showed that the maximum recovery of PP total polyphenols as well as total PP flavonoids were obtained at microwave power = 4961.07 W, water to pomace ratio = 29.9, extraction time = 119.53 min and microwave power = 4147.76 W, water to pomace ratio = 19.32, extraction time = 63.32 min respectively. Moreover, the optimal VMAE conditions on economic grounds were determined to be: microwave power = 2048.62 W, water to pomace ratio = 23.11, extraction time = 15.04 min and microwave power = 4008.62 W, water to pomace ratio = 18.08, extraction time = 15.29 min for PP total polyphenols and PP total flavonoids respectively. The main conclusion of this study is that the VMAE extraction can be successfully used at industrial scale to produce, in economic manner, high added value natural extracts from PP pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, Periferiaki Odos Larisas Trikalon, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (K.G.); (C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karditsa Campus, University of Thessaly, Terma Odou N. Temponera, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (I.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Gerasopoulos
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, Periferiaki Odos Larisas Trikalon, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (K.G.); (C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karditsa Campus, University of Thessaly, Terma Odou N. Temponera, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (I.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Chryssoula Papaioannou
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, Periferiaki Odos Larisas Trikalon, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (K.G.); (C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Paschalis Gkoutsidis
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, Periferiaki Odos Larisas Trikalon, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (K.G.); (C.P.); (P.G.)
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Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Peel Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020203. [PMID: 33498325 PMCID: PMC7909278 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a clean and environmentally friendly alternative for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit by-products. Herein we focused on PLE for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using a combination of pressurized water and ethanol. The main aim was to determine the optimal PLE conditions, i.e., ethanol percentage and process temperature, to obtain a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with maximum total phenolic content (TPC), punicalagin content, and antimicrobial activity (AMA). The experimental design was conducted using a central composite design with axial points. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the response variables using the desirability function. Multiple response optimization indicated a process temperature of 200 °C and ethanol of 77% as optimal conditions. The TPC and the punicalagin content of PPE-PLE obtained under optimal conditions were 164.3 ± 10.7 mg GAE/g DW and 17 ± 3.6 mg/g DW, respectively. Our findings support the efficacy of PLE on TPC recovery but not in punicalagin recovery. The AMA against S. aureus was 14 mm. The efficacy of PPE-PLE in food applications must continue to be studied in order to achieve adequate information on its potential for developing new food additives.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate Peel and Its Applications on Food Preservation. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit is being cultivated since the civilization is known, and its production and consumption have been increased since the last century due to the scientific confirmation of its health benefits. Pomegranate fruits, fruit juice, its seeds, and peels are known to have higher contents of bioactive compounds, viz., phenolic acids, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins. The peels of pomegranate fruits are the major by-products produced during food processing of pomegranate enriched in antioxidants and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and can prevent food deterioration even. This health potential of pomegranate is known to vary significantly upon the varieties, growing conditions, cultivation practices, stages of the development, and the extraction methods. Herein, the biochemical composition of the pomegranate peel extract (PPE), its efficacy in food preservation, and antimicrobial activities are discussed to provide a comprehensive guide for farmers, food processing, and storage sectors and academia.
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Pirzadeh M, Caporaso N, Rauf A, Shariati MA, Yessimbekov Z, Khan MU, Imran M, Mubarak MS. Pomegranate as a source of bioactive constituents: a review on their characterization, properties and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:982-999. [PMID: 32314615 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1749825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing awareness about the use of compounds obtained from natural sources exerting health-beneficial properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, led to increased number of research papers focusing on the study of functional properties of target compounds to be used as functional foods or in preventive medicine. Pomegranate has shown positive health properties due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins. Punicalagin is the major antioxidant, abundantly found in pomegranate's peel. Research has shown that pomegranate polyphenols not only have a strong antioxidant capacity but they also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria like V. cholera, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. virulence factor, and inhibits fungi such as A. Ochraceus, and P. citrinum. Compounds of natural origin inhibit the growth of various pathogens by extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and assuring their safety. Therefore, the need to find compounds to be used in combination with antibiotics or as new antimicrobial sources, such as plant extracts. On the basis of the above discussion, this review focuses on the health benefits of pomegranate, by summarizing the current body of research focusing on pomegranate bioactive constituents and their therapeutic potential against some pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pirzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran
| | - Nicola Caporaso
- Department of Food Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia.,Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanibek Yessimbekov
- Food Engineering Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA.,Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Smaoui S, Hlima HB, Mtibaa AC, Fourati M, Sellem I, Elhadef K, Ennouri K, Mellouli L. Pomegranate peel as phenolic compounds source: Advanced analytical strategies and practical use in meat products. Meat Sci 2019; 158:107914. [PMID: 31437671 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for natural food preservatives has promoted investigations on their application for preserving perishable foods. Consequently, the meat market is demanding natural antioxidants, free of synthetic additives and able to diminish the oxidation processes in high-fat meat and meat products. In this context, the present review discuss the development of healthier and shelf stable meat products by the successful use of pomegranate peel extracts containing phenolics as natural preservative agent in meat and meat products. This paper carries out an exhaustive review of the scientific literature on the main active phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel identified and quantified by advances in the separation sciences and spectrometry, and its biological activities evaluation. Moreover, the impact of pomegranate peel use on the quality and oxidative stability of meat products is also evaluated. As natural preservative, pomegranate peel phenolics could improve stored meat products quality, namely instrumental color retaining, limitaion of microflora growth, retardation of lipid and protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Algae Biotechnology Unit, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chakchouk Mtibaa
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Fourati
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sellem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Elhadef
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Mellouli
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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