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Abdelghafar R, Abdelfattah A, Mostafa H. Effect of super absorbent hydrogel on hydro-physical properties of soil under deficit irrigation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7655. [PMID: 38561412 PMCID: PMC10985096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to water scarcity challenges, efficient management of irrigation water is becoming crucial. Water use efficiency (WUE) involves increasing crop productivity without increasing water consumption. This study was carried out to study the effect of hydrogel, deficit irrigation and soil type on WUE, soil hydro-physical properties and lettuce productivity. For this purpose, four irrigation treatments (100%, 85%, 70% and 60% of full irrigation requirements), four hydrogel concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w/w) and three soil textural classes (clay, loamy sand, and sandy-clay soil) were conducted in pot experiment at open field during two consecutive seasons. The results revealed that crop growth parameters and soil hydro-physical properties were significantly affected by hydrogel application rates. Hydrogel addition significantly enhanced head fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll content, number of leaves and WUE. Application of hydrogel at 0.3% and 85% of irrigation requirements achieved the highest WUE without significant yield reductions. Changes in the studied hydro-physical properties of soil were more dependent on soil texture and hydrogel application rate than on the amount of irrigation water. The significant decrease in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density confirms that super absorbent hydrogels could be recommended to improve soil water retention and enhance water use efficiency under deficit irrigation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdelghafar
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalubia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalubia, Egypt
| | - Harby Mostafa
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalubia, Egypt.
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Koo BB, Abdelfattah A, Eysa A, Lu L. The Melanocortin and Endorphin Neuropeptides in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:688-699. [PMID: 38308537 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based upon similarities between the urge to move and sensory discomfort of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and properties of melanocortin hormones, including their incitement of movement and hyperalgesia, we assessed plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-endorphin in RLS patients and controls. METHODS Forty-two untreated moderate-to-severe RLS patients and 44 matched controls underwent venipuncture at 19:00, 20:30, and 22:00; 37 RLS and 36 controls had lumbar puncture at 21:30. CSF and plasma were analyzed for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), α-MSH, β-MSH, and β-endorphin by immunoassay. RLS severity was assessed by International RLS Study Group Severity Scale. RESULTS RLS participants were 52.7 ± 12.0 years old, 61.9% were women, 21.4% had painful RLS, and RLS severity was 24.8 ± 9.0. Controls had similar age and sex. Plasma ACTH, α-MSH, and β-endorphin were similar between groups. Plasma POMC was significantly greater in RLS than controls (17.0 ± 11.5 vs 12.7 ± 6.1fmol/ml, p = 0.048). CSF ACTH was similar between groups. CSF β-MSH was significantly higher in painful than nonpainful RLS or controls (48.2 ± 24.8 vs 32.1 ± 14.8 vs 32.6 ± 15.2pg/ml, analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.03). CSF α-MSH was higher in RLS than controls (34.2 ± 40.9 vs 20.3 ± 11.0pg/ml, p = 0.062). CSF β-EDP was lowest in painful RLS, intermediate in nonpainful RLS, and highest in controls (8.0 ± 3.4 vs 10.8 ± 3.1 vs 12.3 ± 5.0pg/ml, ANOVA p = 0.049). The ratio of the sum of CSF α- and β-MSH to CSF β-endorphin was highest, intermediate, and lowest in painful RLS, nonpainful RLS, and controls (p = 0.007). INTERPRETATION CSF β-MSH is increased and CSF β-endorphin decreased in RLS patients with painful symptoms. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:688-699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Koo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Athar Eysa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Bedair HM, El-Banna EA, Ahmed EA, Elhelbawy MG, Abdelfattah A, Khalaf FA, Abdel-Samiee M, El Sharnoby A. Evaluation of Circular RNA SMARCA5 as a Novel Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1411-1417. [PMID: 38680002 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most prevalent type of cancer in Egypt and the sixth globally. Most patients with HCC are typically diagnosed during the advanced stages of the disease due to the absence of biomarkers for early detection. Consequently, these patients miss the optimal timeframe for receiving therapy. OBJECTIVE we aimed to assess the circular RNA SMARCA5 level and SMARCA5 mRNA gene expression as a potential biomarker for early detection of HCC. METHODS The present study utilized a case-control design comprising 159 participants. Participants were selected from both inpatient and outpatient hepatology and gastroenterology clinics at the National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia University. They were evenly distributed among three groups: Group I: 53 control subjects, Group II: 53 HCV cirrhotic patients, and Group III: 53 HCC patients. Tumor staging was done using BCLC staging system. Each patient underwent a thorough clinical examination, radiological examination, complete history taking, and serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assessment and detection of circular RNASMARCA5 and SMARCA5mRNA gene sutilizing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Statistically substantial differences were observed in the examined groups in terms of AFP, SMARCA5, and CircSMARCA5 (P-value = 0.001, 0.001 & 0.001). CircSMARCA5 and SMARCA5mRNA were markedly down regulated in the HCC group compared to HCV cirrhotic patients and controls. ROC analysis for early HCC diagnosis demonstrated that the CircSMARCA5 area under the curve (AUC) at cut-off point 4.55 yielded a specificity of 83.8% and sensitivity of 91.7%. The AUC for AFP at a cut-off point of 515ng/ml yielded a specificity of 89.2% and a sensitivity of 91.3%. CONCLUSION CircSMARCA5 has the potential to be a more sensitive predictor of HCC disease compared to AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Elaf A El-Banna
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Elhamy A Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa G Elhelbawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Amal El Sharnoby
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Aldosari BN, Abdellatif AAH, Almurshedi AS, Alfagih IM, AlQuadeib BT, Abbas AYA, Hassan YA, Abdelfattah A, Tawfeek HM. Development of oral formulation of Lepidium seeds significantly decreases the high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats: in vitro formulation and in vivo antidiabetic performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:112-123. [PMID: 38156891 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidium sativum, Garden Cress (GC), seeds have a lot of natural molecules with a pronounced activity against different disorders. It was reported that GC seeds have the ability to lower the blood glucose level. AIM The aim of this work was to formulate GC seeds into oral tablets containing a fixed dose of the grounded seeds. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic performance of the prepared tablets was studied in the streptozotocin rats' model in comparison with positive control metformin. METHODS Micrometrics of GC grounded seeds with different excipients were investigated. Then, GC tablets were prepared via direct compression technique. GC tablets were characterized for their uniformity of dosage unit, friability, hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release. The antidiabetic effect was studied in rats for a period of 28 days. Glycosylated hemoglobin, liver performance, and lipid levels include total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were also estimated. In addition, histopathological study of liver and pancreas was also performed. RESULTS Prosolv®EasyTab produced tablets with higher hardness, lower disintegration time, and fast release. GC tablets significantly lower the elevated blood glucose level. In addition, they have antihyperlipidemic activity, hepatocellular protective role and restore the histology of the liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION GC tablets could be a promising alternative formulation to control the high blood glucose level in diabetic rats rather than chemically derivatized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah N Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Mohammed Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa Youssef A Abbas
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abdel-Samiee M, Youssef MI, Elghamry F, Bazeed M, Al-Shorbagy M, Shalaby H, Shabana H, Abdelsameea E, Lashin HES, El Zamek HMF, Esam T, Alwaseef MAA, Helmy HA, Almarshad F, Khalaf FA, Yossef BWA, Kassem A, Gabr BM, Abdelfattah A, S AboShabaan H, Aboufarrag GA, Omar MM, Bakeer MS, Imam MS, Ibrahim ES, Kamel SY, Allisy T, Mohammed OS, Farahat A, El-Khayat MM, Sekeen MAH, Zaher EM, Said A, Abuamer A, Elmahdi E. A multicentric and nationwide predictive study role of T cell sub-population in the prevalence and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia among genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C patients. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29248. [PMID: 38108641 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global health concern. The prevailing genotype of HCV in Egypt is 4a, commonly referred to as GT-4a. A significant proportion exceeding 50% of patients infected with HCV experience extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs), encompassing a diverse range of clinical presentations. These manifestations, including essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), can serve as initial and solitary indicators of the disease. The complete understanding of the pathogenesis of EHM remains unclear, with autoimmune phenomena being recognized as the primary causative factor. In this study, we examined the predictive significance of T-cell subpopulations in relation to the occurrence and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia in HCV patients. A total of 450 CHC genotype four treatment naïve patients were enrolled in this analytic cross-sectional study after thorough clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations. All patients underwent laboratory investigations, including testing for cryoglobulin antibodies and measurements of CD4 and CD8 levels; two groups were described according to their test results: Group 1 consists of patients who have tested positive for cryoglobulin antibodies and Group 2 consists of patients who have tested negative for cryoglobulin antibodies. The exclusion criteria encompassed individuals with HIV infection or chronic HBV infection. Additionally, pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography was performed. Our study included 450 treatment naïve CHC patients (59% male, mean age 50.8 years). The patients were categorized according to their cryoglobulin antibodys test results into two groups: group A, CHC patients with cryoglobulin antibodies (Abs) negative (364 patients), and group B, CHC patients with cryoglobulin Ab positive (86 patients). Group B demonstrated a higher average age, elevated international normalized ratio, more prolonged duration of HCV infection, lower albumin, higher alanine aminotransferase, higher aspartate aminotransferase, higher bilirubin, lower CD8, lower CD4, and lower CD4:CD8 ratio. In contrast, 27 out of 86 (31.40%) patients in group B had symptoms; 85.8% had purpura and arthralgia, 74.3% had paresthesias, 86.7% had weakness, and 12.2% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The levels of CD4 and CD8 were found to be decreased in chronic HCV patients with MC. T-cell subpopulation serves as a reliable indicator for assessing the prevalence and prognosis of MC in individuals with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C. However, additional research is needed to further understand the development and spread of various emerging infectious diseases. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that a critical threshold may exist beyond which EHM reaches a point of no return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathy Elghamry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Bazeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Shalaby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shabana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | | | - Tarek Esam
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Housam Ahmed Helmy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Feras Almarshad
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Arafat Kassem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basant Mostafa Gabr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hind S AboShabaan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M Omar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Saied Bakeer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Imam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Shimaa Y Kamel
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Talaat Allisy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omima Sayed Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Farahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M El-Khayat
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Mohammed Zaher
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Said
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abuamer
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Essam Elmahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wicaksono WA, Cernava T, Wassermann B, Abdelfattah A, Soto-Giron MJ, Toledo GV, Virtanen SM, Knip M, Hyöty H, Berg G. The edible plant microbiome: evidence for the occurrence of fruit and vegetable bacteria in the human gut. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2258565. [PMID: 37741805 PMCID: PMC10519362 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2258565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity of the gut microbiota is crucial for human health. However, whether fruit and vegetable associated bacteria contribute to overall gut bacterial diversity is still unknown. We reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes from 156 fruit and vegetable metagenomes to investigate the prevalence of associated bacteria in 2,426 publicly available gut metagenomes. The microbiomes of fresh fruits and vegetables and the human gut are represented by members in common such as Enterobacterales, Burkholderiales, and Lactobacillales. Exposure to bacteria via fruit and vegetable consumption potentially has a beneficial impact on the functional diversity of gut microbiota particularly due to the presence of putative health-promoting genes for the production of vitamin and short-chain fatty acids. In the human gut, they were consistently present, although at a low abundance, approx. 2.2%. Host age, vegetable consumption frequency, and the diversity of plants consumed were drivers favoring a higher proportion. Overall, these results provide one of the primary links between the human microbiome and the environmental microbiome. This study revealed evidence that fruit and vegetable-derived microbes could be found in the human gut and contribute to gut microbiome diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Bartuv R, Berihu M, Medina S, Salim S, Feygenberg O, Faigenboim-Doron A, Zhimo VY, Abdelfattah A, Piombo E, Wisniewski M, Freilich S, Droby S. Functional analysis of the apple fruit microbiome based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing of conventional and organic orchard samples. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1728-1746. [PMID: 36807446 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fruits harbour abundant and diverse microbial communities that protect them from post-harvest pathogens. Identification of functional traits associated with a given microbiota can provide a better understanding of their potential influence. Here, we focused on the epiphytic microbiome of apple fruit. We suggest that shotgun metagenomic data can indicate specific functions carried out by different groups and provide information on their potential impact. Samples were collected from the surface of 'Golden Delicious' apples from four orchards that differ in their geographic location and management practice. Approximately 1 million metagenes were predicted based on a high-quality assembly. Functional profiling of the microbiome of fruits from orchards differing in their management practice revealed a functional shift in the microbiota. The organic orchard microbiome was enriched in pathways involved in plant defence activities; the conventional orchard microbiome was enriched in pathways related to the synthesis of antibiotics. The functional significance of the variations was explored using microbial network modelling algorithms to reveal the metabolic role of specific phylogenetic groups. The analysis identified several associations supported by other published studies. For example, the analysis revealed the nutritional dependencies of the Capnodiales group, including the Alternaria pathogen, on aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Bartuv
- Agricultural Research Organization (A.R.O.), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maria Berihu
- Agricultural Research Organization (A.R.O.), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Shlomit Medina
- Agricultural Research Organization (A.R.O.), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Oleg Feygenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim-Doron
- Agricultural Research Organization (A.R.O.), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - V Yeka Zhimo
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Microbiome Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Edoardo Piombo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Agricultural Research Organization (A.R.O.), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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8
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Helmy HA, AbdElhamed MR, Youssef MI, El Zamek HMF, Kamal A, Abdelfattah A, Shabana H, Abuamer A, Aboufarrag GA, Elshormilisy AA, Elwazzan D, Saied SA, Elfert AY, Kamel SY, El Sharnoby A, Zedan HAM, Gabr BM, Khalil F, Elmancy IM, Lashin HES, AboShabaan HS, Nassar Y, Elfiky SRAE, Elkhadry SW, Sakr MA, Eid AM, Kotb SE, Omar MM, El-Khayat MM. A Multicenter Experience of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Infection among 800 Egyptian Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:350-355. [PMID: 37400064 PMCID: PMC10397438 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of illnesses, from skin infections and persistent bone infections to life-threatening septicemia and endocarditis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common bacteria that cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Clindamycin is one of the most effective treatments for several bacterial infections. Despite this, these infections may develop inducible clindamycin resistance during treatment, leading to treatment failure. This study determined the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among S. aureus clinical isolates. A total of 800 S. aureus strains were identified from clinical samples collected from several university hospitals in Egypt. All isolates were examined for the presence of MRSA using cefoxitin (30 μg) and the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. The induction phenotypes of all 800 S. aureus strains were evaluated using the disk approximation test (D test), as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Of the 800 strains of S. aureus, 540 (67.5%) were identified as MRSA and 260 (32.5%) were classified as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). In MRSA infections, clindamycin constitutive and inducible resistance was more frequent than in MSSA infections (27.8% versus 11.5% and 38.9% versus 15.4%, respectively). Clindamycin-sensitive strains were more prevalent in MSSA (53.8%) than in MRSA (20.4%) infections. In conclusion, the frequency of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates emphasizes the need to use the D test in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing to evaluate clindamycin susceptibility, as the inducible resistance phenotype can inhibit the action of clindamycin and thus affect treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housam Ahmad Helmy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed I. Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Houssam M. F. El Zamek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shabana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abuamer
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Amr Aly Elshormilisy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Elwazzan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sara A. Saied
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Yousif Elfert
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Y. Kamel
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal El Sharnoby
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Basant Mostafa Gabr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Farag Khalil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yousef Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sally Waheed Elkhadry
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Sakr
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. Eid
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M. Omar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M. El-Khayat
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maxine Whittaker
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronald Vargas
- Global Soil Partnership, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Wolfgang A, Tack AJM, Berg G, Abdelfattah A. Reciprocal influence of soil, phyllosphere, and aphid microbiomes. Environ Microbiome 2023; 18:63. [PMID: 37480131 PMCID: PMC10362670 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of soil on the plant microbiome is well-studied. However, less is known about the impact of the soil microbiome in multitrophic systems. Here we examined the effect of soil on plant and aphid microbiomes, and the reciprocal effect of aphid herbivory on the plant and soil microbiomes. We designed microcosms, which separate below and aboveground compartments, to grow oak seedlings with and without aphid herbivory in soils with three different microbiomes. We used amplicon sequencing and qPCR to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils, phyllospheres, and aphids. RESULTS Soil microbiomes significantly affected the microbial communities of phyllospheres and, to a lesser extent, aphid microbiomes, indicating plant-mediated assembly processes from soil to aphids. While aphid herbivory significantly decreased microbial diversity in phyllospheres independent of soil microbiomes, the effect of aphid herbivory on the community composition in soil varied among the three soils. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence for the reciprocal influence of soil, plant, and aphid microbiomes, with the potential for the development of new microbiome-based pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolfgang
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
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11
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Leungsuwan K, Vyasabattu M, Arshad H, Abdelfattah A, Heier KR, Arshad S. Prevalence of Right- and Left-Sided Endocarditis Among Intravenous Drug Use Patients at a Large Academic Medical Center. Cardiol Res 2023; 14:176-182. [PMID: 37304915 PMCID: PMC10257500 DOI: 10.14740/cr1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left-sided infective endocarditis (IE) is increasingly being recognized among intravenous drug use (IVDU) patients. We sought to assess the trends and risk factors that contribute to left-sided IE in this high-risk population at University of Kentucky. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with the diagnosis of both IE and IVDU admitted at University of Kentucky was carried out from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Baseline characteristics, trends of endocarditis and clinical outcomes (mortality and in-hospital interventions) were recorded. Results A total of 197 patients were admitted for management of endocarditis. One hundred and fourteen (57.9%) had right-sided endocarditis, 25 (12.7%) had combined left-sided and right-sided endocarditis, and 58 (29.4%) had left-sided endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. Mortality and inpatient surgical interventions were higher among patients with left-sided endocarditis. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was the most common shunt found (3.1%), followed by atrial septal defect (ASD, 2.4%) with PFO being significantly more common among patients with left-sided endocarditis. Conclusion Right-sided endocarditis continues to be predominant among IVDU patients and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism involved. Patients with evidence of left-sided disease were found to have significantly more PFO, needed more inpatient valvular surgeries, and had higher all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to assess if PFO or ASD can increase the risk of acquiring left-sided endocarditis in IVDU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heena Arshad
- Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Kory R. Heier
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Samiullah Arshad
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Osman KT, Hoque A, Pasam RT, Farhoud A, Abdelfattah A, Ramadorai V, Chaudrey K, Pellish R. Acute idiopathic pancreatitis is associated with more aggressive disease course in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 37217857 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whether Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), have an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. The prognostic value of diagnosing acute idiopathic pancreatitis in patients with IBD is not well understood. METHODS A retrospective review of 56 patients with IBD and acute pancreatitis was conducted in a tertiary center from 2011 to 2020. Aggressive disease course was defined as (i)biologic change, (ii)biologic dose escalation, or (iii)IBD-related surgeries occurring within 1 year of acute pancreatitis diagnosis. Logistic regression modelling identified associations between covariates and an aggressive disease course. RESULTS Baseline characteristics between idiopathic pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis, in both CD and UC cohorts, were similar. Idiopathic pancreatitis was significantly associated with an aggressive disease course in CD (P = 0.04). No confounding factors were associated with an aggressive disease course in CD. Idiopathic pancreatitis, however, was not associated with an aggressive disease course in UC (P = 0.35). CONCLUSION The diagnosis of acute idiopathic pancreatitis may provide a prognostic indicator of a more severe disease course in CD. No such association appears to exist with UC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies an association and possible prognostic value between idiopathic pancreatitis and a more severe disease course in CD. More studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate these findings, further define idiopathic pancreatitis as an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD and elucidate a clinical strategy to optimize care in patients with aggressive CD and idiopathic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim T Osman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Clinic, Burlington, 01803, MA, USA.
| | - Asahi Hoque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Teja Pasam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Adel Farhoud
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Vishant Ramadorai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Khadija Chaudrey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
| | - Randall Pellish
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Burlington, 01805, MA, USA
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13
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Asaad AM, El-Azab G, Abdelsameea E, Elbahr O, Kamal A, Abdel-Samiee M, Abdelfattah A, Abdallah H, Maher D, El-Refaie A, Ghanem SE, Ansari S, Awad SM. Susceptibility patterns and virulence genotypes of Helicobacter pylori affecting eradication therapy outcomes among Egyptian patients with gastroduodenal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2950-2960. [PMID: 37274796 PMCID: PMC10237098 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i19.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant human pathogen that is responsible for a variety of illnesses, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, gastric cancer, peptic ulcers, and gastritis.
AIM To investigate the frequency of H. pylori infection and its resistance patterns among Egyptian patients and to determine the influence of H. pylori virulence genetic determinants on the eradication success of 14-d triple therapy regimen.
METHODS H. pylori infections were investigated in 72 patients with gastroduodenal complications suggestive of H. pylori infection. The cagA and vacA genotypes of cultured strains were studied using polymerase chain reaction. The patients underwent 14 d of triple-therapy treatment. The treatment response was examined using histology and a rapid urease test 6 wk after therapy discontinuation.
RESULTS The intention-to-treat eradication rate was 59.2% (95%CI: 48.2%–70.3%). Rates of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole were 52.8%, 81.9%, and 100%, respectively. Successful eradication of H. pylori was more significantly associated with vacA s1-positive strains [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.507, 95%CI: 0.175–0.822]. A significant association was found between failed eradication rate and H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin (aOR = 0.204, 95%CI: –0.005 to 0.412) and amoxicillin (aOR = 0.223, 95%CI: 0.026–0.537).
CONCLUSION This study’s low H. pylori eradication rate following 14-d triple therapy is concerning and worrying. H. pylori pan-resistance to metronidazole followed by the high resistance to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in this research is challenging and of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gasser El-Azab
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Osama Elbahr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Doha Maher
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Refaie
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Samar Ebrahim Ghanem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Abu Dhabi 25026, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samah Mohammed Awad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
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14
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Tawfeek HM, Younis MA, Aldosari BN, Almurshedi AS, Abdelfattah A, Abdel-Aleem JA. Impact of the Functional Coating of Silver Nanoparticles on their In Vivo Performance and Biosafety. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37184200 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2214207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become an interesting therapeutic modality and drug delivery platform. Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of functional coating on the in vivo performance of AgNPs as an economic and scalable method to modulate their behavior. METHODS AgNPs were coated with chitosan (CHI) as a model biopolymer using a one-pot reduction-based method, where CHI of two molecular weight ranges were investigated. The resultant CHI-coated AgNPs (AgNPs-CHI) were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, DLS, and TEM. AgNPs were administered intravenously to rats and their biodistribution and serum levels of hepato-renal function markers were monitored 24 h later compared to plain AgNO3 as a positive control. RESULTS UV-VIS spectroscopy confirmed the successful coating of AgNPs with CHI. DLS revealed the superiority of medium molecular weight CHI over its low molecular weight counterpart. AgNPs-CHI demonstrated a semi-complete clearance from the systemic circulation, a liver-dominated tissue tropism, and a limited renal exposure. On the other hand, AgNO3 was poorly cleared from the circulation, with a relatively high renal exposure and a non-specific tissue tropism. AgNPs-CHI were well-tolerated by the liver and kidney without signs of toxicity or inflammation, in contrary with AgNO3 which resulted in a significant elevation of Creatinine (CRE), Urea, and Total Protein (TP), suggesting a significant nephrotoxicity and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Functional coating of AgNPs with CHI substantially modulated their in vivo behavior, promoting their hepatic selectivity and biotolerability, which can be invested in the development of drug delivery systems for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Younis
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Basma Nasser Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Jelan A Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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15
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Faticov M, Abdelfattah A, Hambäck P, Roslin T, Tack AJM. Different spatial structure of plant-associated fungal communities above- and belowground. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10065. [PMID: 37223309 PMCID: PMC10200691 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution and community assembly of above- and belowground microbial communities associated with individual plants remain poorly understood, despite its consequences for plant-microbe interactions and plant health. Depending on how microbial communities are structured, we can expect different effects of the microbial community on the health of individual plants and on ecosystem processes. Importantly, the relative role of different factors will likely differ with the scale examined. Here, we address the driving factors at a landscape level, where each individual unit (oak trees) is accessible to a joint species pool. This allowed to quantify the relative effect of environmental factors and dispersal on the distribution of two types of fungal communities: those associated with the leaves and those associated with the soil of Quercus robur trees in a landscape in southwestern Finland. Within each community type, we compared the role of microclimatic, phenological, and spatial variables, and across community types, we examined the degree of association between the respective communities. Most of the variation in the foliar fungal community was found within trees, whereas soil fungal community composition showed positive spatial autocorrelation up to 50 m. Microclimate, tree phenology, and tree spatial connectivity explained little variation in the foliar and soil fungal communities. Foliar and soil fungal communities differed strongly in community structure, with no significant concordance detected between them. We provide evidence that foliar and soil fungal communities assemble independent of each other and are structured by different ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faticov
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Département de biologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bio‐economyPotsdamGermany
| | - Peter Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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16
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Abdelfattah A, Tack AJM, Lobato C, Wassermann B, Berg G. From seed to seed: the role of microbial inheritance in the assembly of the plant microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:346-355. [PMID: 36481186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that the microbiome extends host genetic and phenotypic traits, information on how the microbiome is transmitted and maintained across generations remains fragmented. For seed-bearing plants, seeds harbor a distinct microbiome and play a unique role by linking one generation to the next. Studies on microbial inheritance, a process we suggest including both vertical transmission and the subsequent migration of seed microorganisms to the new plant, thus become essential for our understanding of host evolutionary potential and host-microbiome coevolution. We propose dividing the inheritance process into three stages: (i) plant to seed, (ii) seed dormancy, and (iii) seed to seedling. We discuss the factors affecting the assembly of the microbiome during the three stages, highlight future research directions, and emphasize the implications of microbial inheritance for fundamental science and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Carolina Lobato
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
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17
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Berg G, Schweitzer M, Abdelfattah A, Cernava T, Wassermann B. Missing symbionts – emerging pathogens? Microbiome management for sustainable agriculture. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPlant diversification and co-evolution shaped the plant microbiome and vice versa. This resulted in a specific composition of the plant microbiome and a strong connection with the host in terms of functional interplay. Symbionts are part of the microbiota, and important for the plant’s germination and growth, nutrition, as well as stress protection. However, human activities in the Anthropocene are linked to a significant shift of diversity, evenness and specificity of the plant microbiota. In addition, and very importantly, many plant symbionts are missing or no longer functional. It will require targeted microbiome management to support and reintroduce them. In future agriculture, we should aim at replacing harmful chemicals in the field, as well as post-harvest, by using precision microbiome engineering. This is because the plant microbiome is connected across systems and crucial for human and planetary health. This commentary aims to inspire holistic studies for the development of solutions for sustainable agriculture in framework of the One Health and the Planetary Health concepts.
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18
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Abstract
Video 1EUS-guided rendezvous technique for pancreas divisum.
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19
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Malacrinò A, Abdelfattah A, Belgacem I, Schena L. Plant genotype influence the structure of cereal seed fungal microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075399. [PMID: 36687609 PMCID: PMC9846234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genotype is a crucial factor for the assembly of the plant-associated microbial communities. However, we still know little about the variation of diversity and structure of plant microbiomes across host species and genotypes. Here, we used six species of cereals (Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Triticum polonicum, and Triticum turgidum) to test whether the plant fungal microbiome varies across species, and whether plant species use different mechanisms for microbiome assembly focusing on the plant ears. Using ITS2 amplicon metagenomics, we found that host species influences the diversity and structure of the seed-associated fungal communities. Then, we tested whether plant genotype influences the structure of seed fungal communities across different cultivars of T. aestivum (Aristato, Bologna, Rosia, and Vernia) and T. turgidum (Capeiti, Cappelli, Mazzancoio, Trinakria, and Timilia). We found that cultivar influences the seed fungal microbiome in both species. We found that in T. aestivum the seed fungal microbiota is more influenced by stochastic processes, while in T. turgidum selection plays a major role. Collectively, our results contribute to fill the knowledge gap on the wheat seed microbiome assembly and, together with other studies, might contribute to understand how we can manipulate this process to improve agriculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Malacrinò
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria,Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam (ATB) and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany,*Correspondence: Ahmed Abdelfattah, ✉
| | - Imen Belgacem
- Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes, IGEPP, Le Rheu, France
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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20
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Albaharna H, Almubiereek H, Almualim M, Bukhamsin R, Abdelfattah A, Buohliqah L. Efficacy of chlorin dioxide wipes in disinfecting airway devices contaminated with Covid-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1061647. [PMID: 37033491 PMCID: PMC10075250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reprocessing and disinfecting endoscopes is a routine practice in otolaryngology. An effective, safe, and rapid disinfection technique is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To validate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide wipes in disinfecting three types of airway endoscopes contaminated with COVID-19-positive patient secretions. Methods Chlorine dioxide wipes were tested on rigid nasal endoscopes, laryngoscope blades, and flexible bronchoscopes. The endoscopes were disinfected using the wipes after exposure to COVID-19-positive patients. The tested scope was included in the study if the post procedure pre disinfection swab was positive for COVID-19 virus using RT-PCR. We analyzed 38 samples for 19 subjects (scopes) pre and post disinfection with chlorine dioxide wipes from July 2021 to February 2022. Results A total of four rigid endoscopes, four flexible bronchoscopes, and four laryngoscopes were included in the study which represent 24 pre and post disinfection swabs. The others were excluded because of negative pre disinfection swab. All the post disinfection PCR swab results were negative. Conclusion Chlorine dioxide is a convenient, fast, and effective disinfection technique for COVID-19-contaminated airway endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Albaharna
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Hussain Albaharna,
| | - Hassan Almubiereek
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almualim
- Intensive Care Department, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital/Khobar/Qatif, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Bukhamsin
- Hematopathology Department, Dammam Regional Lab and Blood Bank, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Molecular Department, Dammam Regional Lab and Blood Bank, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Buohliqah
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Wicaksono WA, Morauf C, Müller H, Abdelfattah A, Donat C, Berg G. The mature phyllosphere microbiome of grapevine is associated with resistance against Plasmopara viticola. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149307. [PMID: 37113228 PMCID: PMC10127535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllosphere microbiota represents a substantial but hardly explored reservoir for disease resistance mechanisms. The goal of our study was to understand the link between grapevine cultivars susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola, one of the most devastating leaf pathogens in viticulture, and the phyllosphere microbiota. Therefore, we analyzed a 16S rRNA gene library for the dominant phyllosphere bacterial phyla Alphaproteobacteria of seven Vitis genotypes at different developmental stages, i.e., flowering and harvesting, via amplicon sequencing. Young leaves had significantly higher Alphaproteobacterial richness and diversity without significant host-specificity. In contrast, the microbial communities of mature leaves were structurally distinct in accordance with P. viticola resistance levels. This statistically significant link between mature bacterial phyllosphere communities and resistant phenotypes was corroborated by beta diversity metrics and network analysis. Beyond direct host-driven effects via the provision of microhabitats, we found evidence that plants recruit for specific bacterial taxa that were likely playing a fundamental role in mediating microbe-microbe interactions and structuring clusters within mature communities. Our results on grape-microbiota interaction provide insights for targeted biocontrol and breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wisnu Adi Wicaksono,
| | | | - Henry Müller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Graz, Austria
- Gabriele Berg,
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22
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Gaytán Á, Abdelfattah A, Faticov M, Moreira X, Castagneyrol B, Van Halder I, De Frenne P, Meeussen C, Timmermans BGH, Ten Hoopen JPJG, Rasmussen PU, Bos N, Jaatinen R, Pulkkinen P, Söderlund S, Gotthard K, Pawlowski K, Tack AJM. Changes in the foliar fungal community between oak leaf flushes along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. J Biogeogr 2022; 49:2269-2280. [PMID: 36636040 PMCID: PMC9828548 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Leaves support a large diversity of fungi, which are known to cause plant diseases, induce plant defences or influence leaf senescence and decomposition. To advance our understanding of how foliar fungal communities are structured and assembled, we assessed to what extent leaf flush and latitude can explain the within- and among-tree variation in foliar fungal communities. LOCATION A latitudinal gradient spanning c. 20 degrees in latitude in Europe. TAXA The foliar fungal community associated with a foundation tree species, the pedunculate oak Quercus robur. METHODS We examined the main and interactive effects of leaf flush and latitude on the foliar fungal community by sampling 20 populations of the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across the tree's range. We used the ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding. RESULTS Species composition, but not species richness, differed between leaf flushes. Across the latitudinal gradient, species richness was highest in the central part of the oak's distributional range, and foliar fungal community composition shifted along the latitudinal gradient. Among fungal guilds, the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites was lower on the first leaf flush, and the relative abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs decreased with latitude. CONCLUSIONS Changes in community composition between leaf flushes and along the latitudinal gradient were mostly a result of species turnover. Overall, our findings demonstrate that leaf flush and latitude explain 5%-22% of the small- and large-scale spatial variation in the foliar fungal community on a foundation tree within the temperate region. Using space-for-time substitution, we expect that foliar fungal community structure will change with climate warming, with an increase in the abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites at higher latitudes, with major consequences for plant health, species interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gaytán
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Center for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)PotsdamGermany
| | - Maria Faticov
- Department of BiologySherbrooke UniversitySherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pil U. Rasmussen
- The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nick Bos
- Section for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Raimo Jaatinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Haapastensyrjä Breeding StationLäyliäinenFinland
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Haapastensyrjä Breeding StationLäyliäinenFinland
| | - Sara Söderlund
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Bolin Center for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Center for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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23
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Rau S, Hanscom M, Abdelfattah A, Rau R, Rau P, Marya NB. Use of helical tack system for management of a high-risk fibrotic peptic ulcer. VideoGIE 2022; 8:42-45. [PMID: 36644244 PMCID: PMC9832219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims GI bleeding because of peptic ulcer disease is a well-described entity in its diagnosis and management. Although hemostatic clips and thermal therapy have been the primary tools in bleeding from peptic ulcer disease, some bleeds remain refractory. New data have shown that obliteration of the underlying arterial blood flow is needed to control refractory peptic ulcer bleeding. Although this has been shown with over-the-scope clips, we present a case where GI bleeding is controlled via a helical tack system. Although there are several available tools that can be used for treatment of upper GI bleeds, there remains a need for devices that can be used when standard methods of closure, such as with clips, cannot be performed because of a challenging location or friable mucosa. The aim of this video case is to demonstrate the use of a novel helical tack system as a salvage technique in the treatment of challenging upper GI bleeds. Methods One case of a bleeding GI ulcer that was refractory to standard endoscopic clips was identified. Results In this case, the ulcer closure was achieved using the helical tack system. There were no adverse events. The patient did not require additional surgical or endoscopic interventions. Conclusions The helical tack system is a novel device that may be useful as a salvage method for the cessation of GI bleeds refractory to standard clips. Additional comparative studies are needed to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of this system relative to other closure tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rau
- Jefferson Northeast, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Hanscom
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rohan Rau
- University of New England Osteopathic School of Medicine, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Prashanth Rau
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Neil B. Marya
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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24
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Abdellatif AAH, Abdelfattah A, Bouazzaoui A, Osman SK, Al-Moraya IS, Showail AMS, Alsharidah M, Aboelela A, Al Rugaie O, Faris TM, Tawfeek HM. Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) with Potential Anticancer Activity towards Prostate Cancer. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6181448. [PMID: 36248627 PMCID: PMC9553549 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6181448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) play a vital role in various cellular incidents such as the proliferation and death of cells during carcinogenesis. Hence, regulation of these biomarkers could be a promising tool for controlling tumor progression using nanoformulations. Silver nanoparticles-poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (AgNPs-PVP) were prepared using the reduction of silver nitrate and stabilized with PVP. They are characterized through yield percentage, UV-VIS, FT-IR, size, charge, and morphology. The obtained AgNPs were tested for anticancer activity against prostate cancer (PC 3) and human skin fibroblast (HFS) cell lines. Moreover, biomarker-based confirmations like TNF-α and IL-6 were estimated. The synthesized AgNPs-PVP were stable, spherical in shape, with particle sizes of 122.33 ± 17.61 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.49 ± 0.07, and a negative surface charge of -19.23 ± 0.61 mV. In vitro cytotoxicity testing showed the AgNPs-PVP exhibited antiproliferation properties in PC3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, when compared to control cells, AgNPs-PVP has lower TNF-α with a significant value ( ∗ p < 0.05); the value reached 16.84 ± 0.71 pg/ml versus 20.81 ± 0.44 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, HSF cells showed a high level of reduction ( ∗∗∗ p < 0.001) in IL-6 production. This study suggested that AgNPs-PVP could be a possible therapeutic agent for human prostate cancer and anti-IL-6 in cancerous and noncancerous cells. Further studies will be performed to investigate the effect of AgNPs-PVP in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Clinic, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Shaaban K. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Issa Saad Al-Moraya
- Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Center, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Saleh Showail
- Department of Urology, Khamis Mushait General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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van Dijk LJA, Abdelfattah A, Ehrlén J, Tack AJM. Soil microbiomes drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Inst. of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz Univ. of Technology Graz Austria
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
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26
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Zhimo VY, Kumar A, Biasi A, Abdelfattah A, Sharma VK, Salim S, Feygenberg O, Bartuv R, Freilich S, Whitehead SR, Wisniewski M, Droby S. Assembly and dynamics of the apple carposphere microbiome during fruit development and storage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928888. [PMID: 36016781 PMCID: PMC9395710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities associated with fruit can contribute to quality and pathogen resistance, but little is known about their assembly and dynamics during fruit development and storage. Three apple cultivars growing under the same environmental conditions were utilized to examine the apple carposphere microbiome composition and structure at different developmental stages and storage. There was a significant effect (Adonis, p ≤ 0.001) of fruit genotype and its developmental stages and storage times on the fruit surface microbial assemblage and a strong temporal microbial community succession was detected (Mantel test: R ≤ 0.5, p = 0.001) in both bacterial and fungal communities. A set of 15 bacterial and 35 fungal core successional taxa and members exhibiting differential abundances at different fruit stages were identified. For the first time, we show the existence of underlying universal dynamics in the assembly of fruit-associated microbiomes. We also provide evidence of strong microbial cross-domain associations and uncover potential microbe-microbe correlations in the apple carposphere. Together our findings shed light on how the fruit carposphere assemble and change over time, and provide new insights into fruit microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Yeka Zhimo
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Antonio Biasi
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Oleg Feygenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rotem Bartuv
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Susan R. Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Samir Droby,
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27
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van Dijk LJA, Regazzoni EDE, Albrectsen BR, Ehrlén J, Abdelfattah A, Stenlund H, Pawlowski K, Tack AJM. Single, but not dual, attack by a biotrophic pathogen and a sap-sucking insect affects the oak leaf metabolome. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:897186. [PMID: 35991442 PMCID: PMC9381920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms and insects, both below- and above ground, which might influence plant metabolism. Despite this, we lack knowledge of the impact of natural soil communities and multiple aboveground attackers on the metabolic responses of plants, and whether plant metabolic responses to single attack can predict responses to dual attack. We used untargeted metabolic fingerprinting (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) on leaves of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, to assess the metabolic response to different soil microbiomes and aboveground single and dual attack by oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and the common oak aphid (Tuberculatus annulatus). Distinct soil microbiomes were not associated with differences in the metabolic profile of oak seedling leaves. Single attacks by aphids or mildew had pronounced but different effects on the oak leaf metabolome, but we detected no difference between the metabolomes of healthy seedlings and seedlings attacked by both aphids and powdery mildew. Our findings show that aboveground attackers can have species-specific and non-additive effects on the leaf metabolome of oak. The lack of a metabolic signature detected by GC-MS upon dual attack might suggest the existence of a potential negative feedback, and highlights the importance of considering the impacts of multiple attackers to gain mechanistic insights into the ecology and evolution of species interactions and the structure of plant-associated communities, as well as for the development of sustainable strategies to control agricultural pests and diseases and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia D. E. Regazzoni
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Abdelfattah A, Tack AJM, Wasserman B, Liu J, Berg G, Norelli J, Droby S, Wisniewski M. Evidence for host-microbiome co-evolution in apple. New Phytol 2022; 234:2088-2100. [PMID: 34823272 PMCID: PMC9299473 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved in association with a diverse community of microorganisms. The effect of plant phylogeny and domestication on host-microbiome co-evolutionary dynamics are poorly understood. Here we examined the effect of domestication and plant lineage on the composition of the endophytic microbiome of 11 Malus species, representing three major groups: domesticated apple (M. domestica), wild apple progenitors, and wild Malus species. The endophytic community of M. domestica and its wild progenitors showed higher microbial diversity and abundance than wild Malus species. Heirloom and modern cultivars harbored a distinct community composition, though the difference was not significant. A community-wide Bayesian model revealed that the endophytic microbiome of domesticated apple is an admixture of its wild progenitors, with clear evidence for microbiome introgression, especially for the bacterial community. We observed a significant correlation between the evolutionary distance of Malus species and their microbiome. This study supports co-evolution between Malus species and their microbiome during domestication. This finding has major implications for future breeding programs and our understanding of the evolution of plants and their microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12Graz8010Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)Max‐Eyth Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 20AStockholmSE‐106 91Sweden
| | - Birgit Wasserman
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12Graz8010Austria
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant BiotechnologyCollege of Landscape Architecture and Life SciencesChongqing University of Arts and SciencesYongchuanChongquing402160China
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12Graz8010Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)Max‐Eyth Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Postdam14476Potsdam OT GolmGermany
| | - John Norelli
- Appalachian Fruit Research StationUnited States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceKearneysvilleWV25430USA
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest ScienceAgricultural Research OrganizationThe Volcani InstitutePO Box 15159Rishon LeZion7505101Israel
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University220 Ag Quad LnBlacksburgVA24061USA
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29
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Wassermann B, Abdelfattah A, Wicaksono WA, Kusstatscher P, Müller H, Cernava T, Goertz S, Rietz S, Abbadi A, Berg G. The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar-specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2379-2390. [PMID: 35593114 PMCID: PMC9437892 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood. Here, we analysed the impact of plant‐related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe. All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas. The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae. A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance. Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring. This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wassermann
- ACIB GmbH, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Henry Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Simon Goertz
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, 24363, Holtsee, Germany
| | - Steffen Rietz
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, 24363, Holtsee, Germany
| | - Amine Abbadi
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, 24363, Holtsee, Germany
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria.,Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
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Kramer RH, Miller EW, Abdelfattah A, Baker B. Fluorescent Reporters for Sensing Membrane Potential: Tools for Bioelectricity. Bioelectricity 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bradley Baker
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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Olimi E, Kusstatscher P, Wicaksono WA, Abdelfattah A, Cernava T, Berg G. Insights into the microbiome assembly during different growth stages and storage of strawberry plants. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:21. [PMID: 35484554 PMCID: PMC9052558 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome assembly was identified as an important factor for plant growth and health, but this process is largely unknown, especially for the fruit microbiome. Therefore, we analyzed strawberry plants of two cultivars by focusing on microbiome tracking during the different growth stages and storage using amplicon sequencing, qPCR, and microscopic approaches. RESULTS Strawberry plants carried a highly diverse microbiome, therein the bacterial families Sphingomonadaceae (25%), Pseudomonadaceae (17%), and Burkholderiaceae (11%); and the fungal family Mycosphaerella (45%) were most abundant. All compartments were colonized by high number of bacteria and fungi (107-1010 marker gene copies per g fresh weight), and were characterized by high microbial diversity (6049 and 1501 ASVs); both were higher for the belowground samples than in the phyllosphere. Compartment type was the main driver of microbial diversity, structure, and abundance (bacterial: 45%; fungal: 61%) when compared to the cultivar (1.6%; 2.2%). Microbiome assembly was strongly divided for belowground habitats and the phyllosphere; only a low proportion of the microbiome was transferred from soil via the rhizosphere to the phyllosphere. During fruit development, we observed the highest rates of microbial transfer from leaves and flowers to ripe fruits, where most of the bacteria occured inside the pulp. In postharvest fruits, microbial diversity decreased while the overall abundance increased. Developing postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea decreased the diversity as well, and induced a reduction of potentially beneficial taxa. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into microbiome assembly in strawberry plants and highlight the importance of microbe transfer during fruit development and storage with potential implications for food health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Expedito Olimi
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Wassermann B, Abdelfattah A, Müller H, Korsten L, Berg G. The microbiome and resistome of apple fruits alter in the post-harvest period. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:10. [PMID: 35256002 PMCID: PMC8900306 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A detailed understanding of antimicrobial resistance trends among all human-related environments is key to combat global health threats. In food science, however, the resistome is still little considered. Here, we studied the apple microbiome and resistome from different cultivars (Royal Gala and Braeburn) and sources (freshly harvested in South Africa and exported apples in Austrian supermarkets) by metagenomic approaches, genome reconstruction and isolate sequencing. RESULTS All fruits harbor an indigenous, versatile resistome composed of 132 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) encoding for 19 different antibiotic classes. ARGs are partially of clinical relevance and plasmid-encoded; however, their abundance within the metagenomes is very low (≤ 0.03%). Post-harvest, after intercontinental transport, the apple microbiome and resistome was significantly changed independently of the cultivar. In comparison to fresh apples, the post-harvest microbiome is characterized by higher abundance of Enterobacteriales, and a more diversified pool of ARGs, especially associated with multidrug resistance, as well as quinolone, rifampicin, fosfomycin and aminoglycoside resistance. The association of ARGs with metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) suggests resistance interconnectivity within the microbiome. Bacterial isolates of the phyla Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria served as representatives actively possessing multidrug resistance and ARGs were confirmed by genome sequencing. CONCLUSION Our results revealed intrinsic and potentially acquired antimicrobial resistance in apples and strengthen the argument that all plant microbiomes harbor diverse resistance features. Although the apple resistome appears comparatively inconspicuous, we identified storage and transport as potential risk parameters to distribute AMR globally and highlight the need for surveillance of resistance emergence along complex food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henry Müller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Postdam, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
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Minutillo SA, Ruano-Rosa D, Abdelfattah A, Schena L, Malacrinò A. The Fungal Microbiome of Wheat Flour Includes Potential Mycotoxin Producers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050676. [PMID: 35267309 PMCID: PMC8908971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly demanding higher quality and safety standards for the products they consume, and one of this is wheat flour, the basis of a wide variety of processed products. This major component in the diet of many communities can be contaminated by microorganisms before the grain harvest, or during the grain storage right before processing. These microorganisms include several fungal species, many of which produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites that can cause severe acute and chronic disorders. Yet, we still know little about the overall composition of fungal communities associated with wheat flour. In this study, we contribute to fill this gap by characterizing the fungal microbiome of different types of wheat flour using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Qualitatively, these approaches suggested similar results, highlighting the presence of several fungal taxa able to produce mycotoxins. In-vitro isolation of fungal species suggest a higher frequency of Penicillium, while metabarcoding suggest a higher abundance of Alternaria. This discrepancy might reside on the targeted portion of the community (alive vs. overall) or in the specific features of each technique. Thus, this study shows that commercial wheat flour hosts a wide fungal diversity with several taxa potentially representing concerns for consumers, aspects that need more attention throughout the food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A. Minutillo
- CIHEAM—Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería, 47007 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam (ATB), University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Liu J, Abdelfattah A, Wasserman B, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Fazio G, Mazzola M, Wu X. Contrasting effects of genotype and root size on the fungal and bacterial communities associated with apple rootstocks. Hortic Res 2022; 9:6511261. [PMID: 35043188 PMCID: PMC8769040 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The endophytic microbiome of plants is believed to have a significant impact on its physiology and disease resistance, however, the role of host genotype in determining the composition of the endophytic microbiome of apple root systems remains an open question that has important implications for defining breeding objectives. In the current study, the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with four different apple rootstocks planted in April, 2018 in the same soil environment and harvested in May, 2019 were evaluated to determine the role of genotype on the composition of both the bacterial and fungal communities. Results demonstrated a clear impact of genotype and root size on microbial composition and diversity. The fungal community was more affected by plant genotype whereas the bacterial community was shaped by root size. Fungal and bacterial abundance was equal between different-sized roots however, significantly higher microbial counts were detected in rhizosphere samples compared to root endosphere samples. This study provides information that can be used to develop a comprehensive and readily applicable understanding of the impact of genotype and environmental factors on the establishment of plant microbiome, as well as its potential function and impact on host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 317 Honghe Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Wasserman
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 21 Crabapple Drive, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Mark Mazzola
- USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory,
1104 North Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Youanmingyuan West Road, Haidan District, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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Rewisha E, Salman T, Alhaddad O, Raia GA, Naguib M, Rashad S, Abdelfattah A, Metwally K, Abdelsameea E. Hyaluronic acid as a potential marker for assessment of fibrosis regression after direct acting antiviral drugs in chronic hepatitis C patients. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 7:320-327. [PMID: 34712835 PMCID: PMC8527342 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2021.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is an inevitable complication of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) radically treated HCV and were suggested to ameliorate fibrosis. Silymarin (a natural herbal remedy) was proposed to further decrease hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Consequently, serial monitoring of liver fibrosis status by different biomarkers is needed. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess hyaluronic acid (HA) as a potential marker of fibrosis regression after DAAs in chronic HCV patients; in addition, to evaluate silymarin as an agent that, beside DAAs, could further improve fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups were included (150 patients each). Group 1 received DAAs only, while group 2 received DAAs followed by silymarin. Hyaluronic acid and FIB4 score were assessed at baseline before treatment and 1 year after inclusion in the study. RESULTS We found that DAA therapy alone or in combination with silymarin resulted in a significant reduction in serum HA level. However, the latter case showed a statistically significantly greater reduction (p = 0.034). Mean ±SD of serum HA level was 211.8 ±179.9 and 143.3 ±123.9 µg/l before and one year after inclusion respectively in group 1 (p = 0.001) and also, its level decreased significantly in group 2 from 188.3 ±211.8 µg/l before receiving DAAs to 126.4 ±136.9 µg/l at one year after inclusion (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the 2 studied groups as regards FIB-4 at 1 year after inclusion (p = 0.103). CONCLUSIONS Hyaluronic acid might be a sensitive marker for monitoring fibrosis regression in treated chronic HCV patients. Adding silymarin to treatment protocols could ameliorate the fibrosis status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Rewisha
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Tary Salman
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Omkolsoum Alhaddad
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abo Raia
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mary Naguib
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Rashad
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Metwally
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Faticov M, Abdelfattah A, Roslin T, Vacher C, Hambäck P, Blanchet FG, Lindahl BD, Tack AJM. Climate warming dominates over plant genotype in shaping the seasonal trajectory of foliar fungal communities on oak. New Phytol 2021; 231:1770-1783. [PMID: 33960441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaves interact with a wealth of microorganisms. Among these, fungi are highly diverse and are known to contribute to plant health, leaf senescence and early decomposition. However, patterns and drivers of the seasonal dynamics of foliar fungal communities are poorly understood. We used a multifactorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across one growing season. Fungal species richness increased, evenness tended to decrease, and community composition strongly shifted during the growing season. Yeasts increased in relative abundance as the season progressed, while putative fungal pathogens decreased. Warming decreased species richness, reduced evenness and changed community composition, especially at the end of the growing season. Warming also negatively affected putative fungal pathogens. We only detected a minor imprint of tree genotype and warming × genotype interactions on species richness and community composition. Overall, our findings demonstrate that warming plays a larger role than plant genotype in shaping the seasonal dynamics of the foliar fungal community on oak. These warming-induced shifts in the foliar fungal community may have a pronounced impact on plant health, plant-fungal interactions and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faticov
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-756 51, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - F Guillaume Blanchet
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de Mathématique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7014, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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Berg G, Kusstatscher P, Abdelfattah A, Cernava T, Smalla K. Microbiome Modulation-Toward a Better Understanding of Plant Microbiome Response to Microbial Inoculants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:650610. [PMID: 33897663 PMCID: PMC8060476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the design of promising microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture. Plant-associated microorganisms are able to interact with their hosts and often exert specific functions toward potential pathogens; the underlying in vitro interactions are well studied. In contrast, in situ effects of inoculants, and especially their impact on the plant indigenous microbiome was mostly neglected so far. Recently, microbiome research has revolutionized our understanding of plants as coevolved holobionts but also of indigenous microbiome-inoculant interactions. Here we disentangle the effects of microbial inoculants on the indigenous plant microbiome and point out the following types of plant microbiome modulations: (i) transient microbiome shifts, (ii) stabilization or increase of microbial diversity, (iii) stabilization or increase of plant microbiome evenness, (iv) restoration of a dysbiosis/compensation or reduction of a pathogen-induced shift, (v) targeted shifts toward plant beneficial members of the indigenous microbiota, and (vi) suppression of potential pathogens. Therefore, we suggest microbiome modulations as novel and efficient mode of action for microbial inoculants that can also be mediated via the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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Abdelfattah A, Freilich S, Bartuv R, Zhimo VY, Kumar A, Biasi A, Salim S, Feygenberg O, Burchard E, Dardick C, Liu J, Khan A, Ellouze W, Ali S, Spadaro D, Torres R, Teixido N, Ozkaya O, Buehlmann A, Vero S, Mondino P, Berg G, Wisniewski M, Droby S. Global analysis of the apple fruit microbiome: are all apples the same? Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6038-6055. [PMID: 33734550 PMCID: PMC8596679 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the first worldwide study on the apple (Malus × domestica) fruit microbiome that examines questions regarding the composition and the assembly of microbial communities on and in apple fruit. Results revealed that the composition and structure of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with apple fruit vary and are highly dependent on geographical location. The study also confirmed that the spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues exists at a global level. Fungal diversity varied significantly in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggests a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. The global core microbiome of apple fruit was represented by several beneficial microbial taxa and accounted for a large fraction of the fruit microbial community. The study provides foundational information about the apple fruit microbiome that can be utilized for the development of novel approaches for the management of fruit quality and safety, as well as for reducing losses due to the establishment and proliferation of postharvest pathogens. It also lays the groundwork for studying the complex microbial interactions that occur on apple fruit surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Rotem Bartuv
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.,Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.,The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - V Yeka Zhimo
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Antonio Biasi
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Oleg Feygenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Erik Burchard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongquing, 402160, China
| | - Awais Khan
- Cornell University, 5 Castle Creek Drive, 112 Barton Lab, Geneva, New York, 14456, USA
| | - Walid Ellouze
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Farm, Vineland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), AGROINNOVA-Centre of Competence, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de Gardeny, Fruitcentre building, Lleida, Catalonia, 25003, Spain
| | - Neus Teixido
- IRTA, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de Gardeny, Fruitcentre building, Lleida, Catalonia, 25003, Spain
| | - Okan Ozkaya
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture 1330, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Andreas Buehlmann
- Agroscope, Competence Division Plants and Plant Products, Müller-Thurgaustr 29, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Vero
- Facultad de Química-UdeLaR Cátedra de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Mondino
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Garzón 780, Montevideo, 12900, Uruguay
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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Belgacem I, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Pangallo S, Abdelfattah A, Benuzzi M, Agosteo GE, Schena L. Pomegranate Peel Extracts as Safe Natural Treatments to Control Plant Diseases and Increase the Shelf-Life and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:453. [PMID: 33673670 PMCID: PMC7997167 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the Green Revolution was a milestone in agriculture, it was accompanied by intensive use of synthetic pesticides, which has raised serious concerns due to their impact on human and environmental health. This is increasingly stimulating the search for safer and more eco-friendly alternative means to control plant diseases and prevent food spoilage. Among the proposed alternatives, pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) are very promising because of their high efficacy. In the present review, we discuss the complex mechanisms of action that include direct antimicrobial activity and induction of resistance in treated plant tissues and highlight the importance of PPE composition in determining their activity. The broad spectrum of activity, wide range of application and high efficiency of PPEs against bacterial, fungal and viral plant pathogens suggest a potential market not only restricted to organic production but also integrated farming systems. Considering that PPEs are non-chemical by-products of the pomegranate industry, they are perceived as safe by the public and may be integrated in circular economy strategies. This will likely encourage agro-pharmaceutical industries to develop commercial formulations and speed up the costly process of registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Belgacem
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Sonia Pangallo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Massimo Benuzzi
- BIOGARD, Division of CBC (Europe) srl, 24050 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni E. Agosteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
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Abdelfattah A, Wisniewski M, Schena L, Tack AJM. Experimental evidence of microbial inheritance in plants and transmission routes from seed to phyllosphere and root. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:2199-2214. [PMID: 33427409 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While the environment is considered the primary origin of the plant microbiome, the potential role of seeds as a source of transmitting microorganisms has not received much attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that the plant microbiome is partially inherited through vertical transmission. An experimental culturing device was constructed to grow oak seedlings in a microbe-free environment while keeping belowground and aboveground tissues separated. The microbial communities associated with the acorn's embryo and pericarp and the developing seeding's phyllosphere and root systems were analysed using amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA. Results showed that the seed microbiome is diverse and non-randomly distributed within an acorn. The microbial composition of the phyllosphere was diverse and strongly resembled the composition found in the embryo, whereas the roots and pericarp each had a less diverse and distinct microbial community. Our findings demonstrate a high level of microbial diversity and spatial partitioning of the fungal and bacterial community within both seed and seedling, indicating inheritance, niche differentiation and divergent transmission routes for the establishment of root and phyllosphere communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, Reggio Calabria, Italy.,Department of Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Piombo E, Abdelfattah A, Droby S, Wisniewski M, Spadaro D, Schena L. Metagenomics Approaches for the Detection and Surveillance of Emerging and Recurrent Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:188. [PMID: 33467169 PMCID: PMC7830299 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globalization has a dramatic effect on the trade and movement of seeds, fruits and vegetables, with a corresponding increase in economic losses caused by the introduction of transboundary plant pathogens. Current diagnostic techniques provide a useful and precise tool to enact surveillance protocols regarding specific organisms, but this approach is strictly targeted, while metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics could be used to simultaneously detect all known pathogens and potentially new ones. This review aims to present the current status of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) diagnostics of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, discuss the challenges that need to be addressed, and provide direction for the development of methods for the detection of a restricted number of related taxa (specific surveillance) or all of the microorganisms present in a sample (general surveillance). HTS techniques, particularly metabarcoding, could be useful for the surveillance of soilborne, seedborne and airborne pathogens, as well as for identifying new pathogens and determining the origin of outbreaks. Metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics still suffer from low precision, but this issue can be limited by carefully choosing primers and bioinformatic algorithms. Advances in bioinformatics will greatly accelerate the use of metagenomics to address critical aspects related to the detection and surveillance of plant pathogens in plant material and foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Piombo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria;
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Technical University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
- AGROINNOVA—Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agroenvironmental Sector, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Department of Agriculture, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Kusstatscher P, Cernava T, Abdelfattah A, Gokul J, Korsten L, Berg G. Microbiome approaches provide the key to biologically control postharvest pathogens and storability of fruits and vegetables. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5857999. [PMID: 32542314 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in plants and interact closely with their host starting from sprouting seeds, continuing during growth and after harvest. The discovery of their importance for plant and postharvest health initiated a biotechnological development of various antagonistic bacteria and fungi for disease control. Nevertheless, their application often showed inconsistent effects. Recently, high-throughput sequencing-based techniques including advanced microscopy reveal fruits and vegetables as holobionts. At harvest, all fruits and vegetables harbor a highly abundant and specific microbiota including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Especially, a high microbial diversity and resilient microbial networks were shown to be linked to fruit and vegetable health, while diseased products showed severe dysbiosis. Field and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables was shown to affect the indigenous microbiome and therefore has a substantial impact on the storability of fruits and vegetables. Microbiome tracking can be implemented as a new tool to evaluate and assess all postharvest processes and contribute to fruit and vegetable health. Here, we summarize current research advancements in the emerging field of postharvest microbiomes and elaborate its importance. The generated knowledge provides profound insights into postharvest microbiome dynamics and sets a new basis for targeted, microbiome-driven and sustainable control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jarishma Gokul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Abdelfattah A, El Wazir M, Ali YZ, Naser J, Wiley BM. Renal Cell Carcinoma with Thrombus Extension into the Inferior Vena Cava and the Right Atrium: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:274-277. [PMID: 32885110 PMCID: PMC7451884 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IVC extension in RCC can present as an acute pulmonary embolism. Pre-operative assessment of tumor level is valuable for optimizing management. Anticoagulation should be considered when bland thrombus accompanies tumor thrombus.
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Kusstatscher P, Cernava T, Abdelfattah A, Gokul J, Korsten L, Berg G. Microbiome approaches provide the key to biologically control postharvest pathogens and storability of fruits and vegetables. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020. [PMID: 32542314 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in plants and interact closely with their host starting from sprouting seeds, continuing during growth and after harvest. The discovery of their importance for plant and postharvest health initiated a biotechnological development of various antagonistic bacteria and fungi for disease control. Nevertheless, their application often showed inconsistent effects. Recently, high-throughput sequencing-based techniques including advanced microscopy reveal fruits and vegetables as holobionts. At harvest, all fruits and vegetables harbor a highly abundant and specific microbiota including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Especially, a high microbial diversity and resilient microbial networks were shown to be linked to fruit and vegetable health, while diseased products showed severe dysbiosis. Field and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables was shown to affect the indigenous microbiome and therefore has a substantial impact on the storability of fruits and vegetables. Microbiome tracking can be implemented as a new tool to evaluate and assess all postharvest processes and contribute to fruit and vegetable health. Here, we summarize current research advancements in the emerging field of postharvest microbiomes and elaborate its importance. The generated knowledge provides profound insights into postharvest microbiome dynamics and sets a new basis for targeted, microbiome-driven and sustainable control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jarishma Gokul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Kusstatscher P, Cernava T, Abdelfattah A, Gokul J, Korsten L, Berg G. Microbiome approaches provide the key to biologically control postharvest pathogens and storability of fruits and vegetables. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020. [PMID: 32542314 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa119/5857999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in plants and interact closely with their host starting from sprouting seeds, continuing during growth and after harvest. The discovery of their importance for plant and postharvest health initiated a biotechnological development of various antagonistic bacteria and fungi for disease control. Nevertheless, their application often showed inconsistent effects. Recently, high-throughput sequencing-based techniques including advanced microscopy reveal fruits and vegetables as holobionts. At harvest, all fruits and vegetables harbor a highly abundant and specific microbiota including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Especially, a high microbial diversity and resilient microbial networks were shown to be linked to fruit and vegetable health, while diseased products showed severe dysbiosis. Field and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables was shown to affect the indigenous microbiome and therefore has a substantial impact on the storability of fruits and vegetables. Microbiome tracking can be implemented as a new tool to evaluate and assess all postharvest processes and contribute to fruit and vegetable health. Here, we summarize current research advancements in the emerging field of postharvest microbiomes and elaborate its importance. The generated knowledge provides profound insights into postharvest microbiome dynamics and sets a new basis for targeted, microbiome-driven and sustainable control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jarishma Gokul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest 0083, South Africa
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Abdelfattah A, Whitehead SR, Macarisin D, Liu J, Burchard E, Freilich S, Dardick C, Droby S, Wisniewski M. Effect of Washing, Waxing and Low-Temperature Storage on the Postharvest Microbiome of Apple. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E944. [PMID: 32585961 PMCID: PMC7356622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role that the microbiome plays in the health and physiology of many plant species. However, considerably less research has been conducted on the postharvest microbiome of produce and the impact that postharvest processing may have on its composition. Here, amplicon sequencing was used to study the effect of washing, waxing, and low-temperature storage at 2 °C for six months on the bacterial and fungal communities of apple calyx-end, stem-end, and peel tissues. The results of the present work reveal that tissue-type is the main factor defining fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition on apple fruit. Both postharvest treatments and low temperature storage had a strong impact on the fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition of these tissue types. Distinct spatial and temporal changes in the composition and diversity of the microbiota were observed in response to various postharvest management practices. The greatest impact was attributed to sanitation practices with major differences among unwashed, washed and washed-waxed apples. The magnitude of the differences, however, was tissue-specific, with the greatest impact occurring on peel tissues. Temporally, the largest shift occurred during the first two months of low-temperature storage, although fungi were more affected by storage time than bacteria. In general, fungi and bacteria were impacted equally by sanitation practices, especially the epiphytic microflora of peel tissues. This research provides a foundation for understanding the impact of postharvest management practices on the microbiome of apple and its potential subsequent effects on postharvest disease management and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan R. Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 501 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China;
| | - Erik Burchard
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (E.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, The Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel;
| | - Christopher Dardick
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (E.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; (E.B.); (C.D.)
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Scibetta S, Agosteo GE, Abdelfattah A, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Cacciola SO, Schena L. Development and Application of a Quantitative PCR Detection Method to Quantify Venturia oleaginea in Asymptomatic Olive ( Olea europaea) Leaves. Phytopathology 2020; 110:547-555. [PMID: 31631805 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaf spot (OLS), caused by Venturia oleaginea, is one of the most common and serious diseases of olive trees in the Mediterranean region. Understanding the pathogen life cycle is important for the development of effective control strategies. Current knowledge is incomplete owing to a lack of effective detection methods. It is extremely difficult to culture V. oleaginea in vitro, so primers were designed to amplify and sequence the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the fungus directly from infected olive leaves. Sanger sequencing indicated a unique ITS region present in the European strains screened, confirming the appropriateness of the target region for developing a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of the same region excluded the presence of other Venturia species in the olive phyllosphere. The qPCR assay proved very specific and sensitive, enabling the detection of approximately 26 copies of target DNA. The analysis of symptomless leaves during early stages of the epidemic from the end of winter through spring revealed a similar quantity of pathogen DNA regardless of the leaf growth stage. In contrast, the pathogen titer changed significantly during the season. Data indicated that leaf infections start earlier than expected over the season and very young leaves are as susceptible as adult leaves. These findings have important practical implications and suggest the need for improved scheduling of fungicide treatments. The qPCR assay represents a valuable tool providing quantitative results and enables detection of V. oleaginea in all olive organs, including those in which OLS cannot be studied using previously available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scibetta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Agosteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Santa O Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi, Catania, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Ziganshin B, Galiev I, Khusainov R, Abdelfattah A. The effect of fertigation on salinization and stability of soil aggregates, taking into account the effectiveness of precipitation on their natural desalination in central Europe. BIO Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202700119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fertigation on the physicochemical properties of soil was estimated. Three fertigation procedures with different salinity levels were tested. The effect of precipitation on soil desalination through salt leaching was controlled by comparing changes in soil electrical conductivity during and after vegetation. Soil aggregate stability was measured as an indicator of soil degradation. The electrical conductivity of soil during pre-sowing (or after sowing) treatment was higher than at the end of the growing season. This difference decreased significantly, becoming insignificant after winter due to the effective dissolving effect of rain and snow. The article considers the issues of natural soil desalination, taking into account precipitation. Studies of soil desalination by leaching of salts were described. It was revealed that in the short term fertigation is not harmful to the soil if the amount of precipitation is sufficient.
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Zahran MH, Kamal AI, Abdelfattah A, Mashaly ME, Fakhreldin I, Osman Y, Ali-El-Dein B. Outcome of Live-Donor Renal Transplants With Incidentally Diagnosed Renal Angiomyolipoma in the Donor. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1773-1778. [PMID: 31255355 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accepting donors with renal lesion amenable for pre-transplant management with no suspected long-term harm seems to expand the live-donor pool. We aimed to assess the long-term outcome of live-donor renal transplantation with incidentally discovered renal angiomyolipoma (AML) during routine evaluation of donors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation of incidentally discovered AML, during live-related-donor evaluation, was performed. The tumor criteria were retrieved. In cases with exophytic tumor, a back-table, partial nephrectomy was done with frozen section to exclude malignancy. Endophytic lesions were kept in situ and transplanted. Both donor and recipient were followed up by periodic imaging. RESULTS Among 2925 cases, 6 AML with a median volume of 0.96 (range, 0.5-2) cm2 were identified. The median recipients' age was 21 (range, 10-38) years and the median donors' age was 48 (range, 45-50). Two AML were exophytic and back-table partial nephrectomy was performed, while 4 were endophytic and kept in situ, and the kidney was transplanted. After a median follow-up of 82 (range, 25-150) months, 4 patients were alive with functioning grafts and 2 resumed hemodialysis 5 and 7 years after transplantation. There was no evidence of increase in the AML size or newly developed AML in the grafts. All donors were alive with normal renal function (mean ± standard deviation, serum creatinine was 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/dL) and none developed new AML in the remaining kidney. CONCLUSION Incidentally discovered AML during live-donor evaluation is not a contraindication of donation after proper counseling of the couples and regular, periodic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Zahran
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Kamal
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Islam Fakhreldin
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser Osman
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Solanki MK, Abdelfattah A, Britzi M, Zakin V, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Sionov E. Shifts in the Composition of the Microbiota of Stored Wheat Grains in Response to Fumigation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31156603 PMCID: PMC6533538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While the wheat-associated microbiome is of major agricultural importance, little is known about the alterations in wheat grain microbial community composition during storage. Characterization of the bacterial and fungal communities in stored wheat grains revealed the impact of phosphine fumigation, one of the most effective methods to eliminate insects in stored commodities, on the composition of the wheat grain microbiome. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to analyze the wheat grain microbiome at different times over as 6 months period of storage. Higher bacterial diversity was found across the samples during the first (immediately after harvest) and second (3 months later) time points, with a predominance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. A two-fold decrease in the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed in wheat grains at the last time point (6 months later), following phosphine treatment. In contrast to the effect of phosphine on bacteria, it did not affect fungal diversity in stored grains. The majority of fungal sequences were assigned to Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and unidentified fungi, which were evenly distributed throughout the storage period. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were confirmed by examination of the cultured microbial taxa obtained from the stored wheat grains. Mycotoxin analysis of wheat grains collected after phosphine fumigation revealed the presence of Fusarium toxins, primarily deoxynivalenol (DON). Several mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. were also detected in the same samples. Results of the present study indicate that microbiome of stored, whole wheat grains was strongly affected by phosphine fumigation, which changed the structure of the microbial community leading to shifts in species composition toward mycotoxigenic strains. A better understanding of the complex interactions within the microbial communities of stored grains will assist in the development of novel biocontrol strategies to overcome mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malka Britzi
- National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Varda Zakin
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Samir Droby
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Edward Sionov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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