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Alarabi AB, Mohsen A, Taleb ZB, Mizuguchi K, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. Predicting thrombotic cardiovascular outcomes induced by waterpipe-associated chemicals using comparative toxicogenomic database: Genes, phenotypes, and pathways. Life Sci 2023; 323:121694. [PMID: 37068705 PMCID: PMC10798163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Hookah, or waterpipe, is a tobacco smoking device that has gained popularity in the United States. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that waterpipe smoke (WPS) is associated with various adverse effects on human health, including infectious diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly thrombotic events. However, the molecular mechanisms through which WPS contributes to disease development remain unclear. In this study, we utilized an analytical approach based on the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to integrate chemical, gene, phenotype, and disease data to predict potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of WPS, based on its chemical and toxicant profile. Our analysis revealed that CVDs were among the top disease categories with regard to the number of curated interactions with WPS chemicals. We identified 5674 genes common between those modulated by WPS chemicals and traditional tobacco smoking. The CVDs with the most curated interactions with WPS chemicals were hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, whereas "particulate matter", "heavy metals", and "nicotine" showed the highest number of curated interactions with CVDs. Our analysis predicted that the potential mechanisms underlying WPS-induced thrombotic diseases involve common phenotypes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, which are shared across all thrombotic diseases and the three aforementioned chemicals. In terms of enriched signaling pathways, we identified several, including chemokine and MAPK signaling, with particulate matter exhibiting the most statistically significant association with all 12 significant signaling pathways related to WPS chemicals. Collectively, our predictive comprehensive analysis provides evidence that WPS negatively impacts health and offers insights into the potential mechanisms through which it exerts these effects. This information should guide further research to explore and better understand the WPS and other tobacco product-related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
| | - Attayab Mohsen
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0081, Japan
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
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Chami HA, Houjeij N, Makki M, Itani L, Tamim H, Al Mulla A, Celli B, Zeineldine S. Increased airway resistance among exclusive waterpipe smokers detected using impulse oscillometry. Ann Thorac Med 2023; 18:23-30. [PMID: 36968332 PMCID: PMC10034824 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_165_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking is increasing in popularity, yet the evidence implicating waterpipe smoking in lung disease is limited. We hypothesized that impulse oscillometry (IOS) would detect airway abnormalities in waterpipe smokers (WPS). METHODS We studied 210 participants, 40 years or older, from the community, of whom 92 were exclusive WPS and 118 were never-smokers. Waterpipe smoking history was assessed using a validated questionnaire. All participants underwent spirometry, and IOS and absolute and percentage predicted results (for age, sex, height, and weight) were compared between WPS and nonsmokers. The association of IOS parameters with waterpipe smoking duration and extent (waterpipe smoked/day * smoking duration) was evaluated using linear regression. RESULTS WPS smoked on average 1.8 ± 1.2 waterpipes/day, over an average duration of 23.3 ± 39.8 years. WPS and nonsmokers were largely asymptomatic and had similar age, body mass index, sex distribution, and spirometric values. Nevertheless, WPS had higher IOS measured resistance at 5Hz compared to nonsmokers, (0.53 ± 0.2 vs. 0.48 ± 0.2 kPa/L/s, P = 0.03) and higher percentage-predicted resistance (124.5 ± 36.3 vs. 115.7% ± 35.6%, P = 0.04). Waterpipe smoking duration was also associated with resistance (β = 0.04 kPa/L/s/year, P = 0.01) and with percentage-predicted resistance (β = 0.05/year, P = 0.02). Waterpipe smoking extent was associated with resistance (β = 0.009 kPa/L/s/waterpipe-year, P = 0.04), while the association with percentage-predicted resistance was near significance (β = 0.009/waterpipe-year, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe smoking is associated with increased airway resistance assessed by IOS but not by spirometry in largely asymptomatic individuals from the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Chami
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nourhan Houjeij
- Department of Nephrology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maha Makki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Itani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Mulla
- Tobacco Control Center, WHO Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Salah Zeineldine
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sabet S, Mirmohammadi SJ, Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Vakili M, Mehrparvar AH, Mirzaei M. Spirometric Parameters in Waterpipe Smokers, Cigarette Smokers, and Non-smokers of Shahedieh Cohort Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:17-22. [PMID: 37560079 PMCID: PMC10408739 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different kinds of smoking tobacco may affect pulmonary function and reduce some spirometric parameters. This study aimed to assess the relationship between smoking cigarettes and waterpipe and spirometric parameters. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on 1543 middle-aged individuals, as a sub-study of the Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd. The participants were randomly selected from the Shahedieh cohort population and were divided into 6 groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers (n=455), cigarette smokers (n=139), waterpipe smokers (n=287), ex-cigarette smokers (n=131), concurrent waterpipe and cigarette smokers (n=121), and cigarette or waterpipe passive smokers (n=410). Spirometry was performed on all participants and spirometric parameters were compared between different groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 20) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. FINDINGS FEV1 %, FEV1/FVC, and PEF25-75% were significantly lower in cigarette smokers, compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. The measures were not significantly lower in waterpipe smokers in comparison to non-smokers. The frequency of obstructive pattern and small airway diseases was significantly higher in cigarette smokers compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that in the middle-aged population, spirometric parameters related to airway obstruction (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75%) were significantly lower in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers and waterpipe smokers, but these parameters were not significantly different between waterpipe smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Sabet
- Occupational Medicine Resident, Industrial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jalil Mirmohammadi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Vakili
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Industrial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Mehrparvar AH, Ghanbari L, Mirmohammadi SJ, Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Vakili M, Davari MH, Mirzaei M. The Effect of Water-Pipe and Cigarette Smoking on Exhaled Nitric Oxide. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:79. [PMID: 35706853 PMCID: PMC9188898 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_546_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Fractional exhaled nitric oxide can be used as a biomarker of some respiratory diseases. AIMS This study was conducted to compare exhaled nitric oxide in cigarette and water-pipe smokers with nonsmokers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 549 adult subjects as a sub-study of Shahedieh cohort in Yazd. Participants were divided into 5 groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers (n = 202), cigarette smokers (n = 121), water-pipe smokers (n = 129), cigarette ex-smokers (n = 58), water-pipe and cigarette smokers (n = 39). The smokers were also categorized into heavy and light smokers. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was compared between the groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Fractional exhaled NO was lower in all smokers than nonsmokers, but cigarette smokers showed the least level of NO than other groups. Fractional exhaled NO was not significantly lower in water-pipe smokers than nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking significantly affect fractional exhaled NO, but water-pipe smoking did not significantly affect exhaled NO level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laleh Ghanbari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Vakili
- Department of Community Medicine, Monitoring of Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Davari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Hossein Davari, Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Rahnemoun hospital, Farrokhi Ave., Yazd, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Ayana GM, Merga BT, Birhanu A, Alemu A, Negash B, Dessie Y. Predictors of Mortality Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5363-5373. [PMID: 34938084 PMCID: PMC8685765 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s337699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The very unprecedented virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued causing catastrophes in economy and loss of human lives. Despite countries' urgent and resilient public health actions against the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease is causing a large number of deaths. However, predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients have not been well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cohort design study was implemented among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital in Harar, Ethiopia from March 20 to August 20, 2021. Data of 531 admitted patients were entered using Epi-data 3.1 and exported to STATA 14.2 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of outcome variables with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results Of the total 531 study participants, 101 deaths occurred. The mortality rate was 16.2 per 1000 person-days of observation with median survival time of 44 days with IQR [28, 74]. Smoking history [AOR=2.55, 95% CI (1.15, 5.65)], alcohol history [AOR=2.3, 95% CI (1.06, 4.97)], comorbidities [AOR=2.95, 95% CI (1.26, 6.91)], and increasing oxygen saturation [AOR=0.92, 95% CI (0.89, 0.95)], and lymphocyte count [AOR=0.90, 95% CI (0.88, 0.97)] were independent significant predictors of death from Covid-19. Conclusion The incidence of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was found to be high. Devising individual, tailored management for patients with "risk" behaviors, comorbid conditions, and poor prognostic markers such as lymphopenia and low oxygen saturation, may reduce the incidence of death among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Adetona O, Mok S, Rajczyk J, Brinkman MC, Ferketich AK. The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:81. [PMID: 34720796 PMCID: PMC8534427 DOI: 10.18332/tid/142521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe (WP) smoking has rapidly grown in popularity in the United States and other Western countries with the fastest uptake among younger individuals. This growth has been encouraged by the misperception that WP smoke is harmless or less harmful than cigarette smoke. To better understand how WP affects the health of young people, we conducted a narrative review of the literature focusing on the adverse health effects of WP smoking in adolescents and younger adults. We searched scientific literature databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web and selected papers that met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-three papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Data were abstracted from the selected papers into a standardized table. The evidence demonstrates that WP smoking can cause acute lung infection and injury, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, in adolescents and young adults. It is also associated with adverse subclinical effects in this sub-population, including oral and systemic genotoxicity, lung function decline, and the alteration of vascular and hemodynamic functions. Limited evidence that is available indicates associations with psychological and neurological effects and asthma. No identified publications examined the association between WP use and type 2 diabetes, a condition that is associated with cigarette smoking among young people. WP smoking by younger individuals can result in their hospitalization due to systemic CO poisoning and acute lung disease, and induce subclinical adverse effects in the oral cavity, pulmonary system, and in circulation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of local and systemic chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Sarah Mok
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Jenna Rajczyk
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Marielle C Brinkman
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Amy K Ferketich
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
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Hawash M, Qneibi M, Jaradat N, Abualhasan M, Amer J, Amer EH, Ibraheem T, Hindieh S, Tarazi S, Sobuh S. The impact of filtered water-pipe smoke on healthy versus cancer cells and their neurodegenerative role on AMPA receptor. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2292-2300. [PMID: 34121557 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1935397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Water pipe smoking is highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in Eastern Mediterranean regions. Research finds that more than 100 million people smoke a water pipe. Furthermore, tobacco smoking is one of the leading behavioral factors related to an increased risk of cancer, a leading cause of death globally. We aim to introduce a novel filtration system for water-pipe smoking and evaluate cytotoxic effects of common water pipe condensed smoke in comparison with our novel filtration system on normal (HEK293t) and cancer cell lines (Hep3B and MCF7) by MTS assay, alpha-fetoprotein (aFP), and apoptosis/necrosis effects. More so, the smoke substituents' neurotoxicity effect was evaluated by analyzing the depressive property on AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Our results showed that the silica filtration system was more effective than the water filtration system. The number of toxic compounds was reduced from 145 mg in distilled water extract (DWE) to 57.5 mg in silica solution extract (SSE). The SSE method also showed lower toxicity impacts on normal and cancerous cell lines (HEK293t, Hep3B, and MCF7) with CC50 values 149.9, 10.14, and 8.9 µg/ml, relative to the DWE method (CC50 values 77.1, 3.1, and 5.24 µg/ml, respectively). SSE extraction also reduced the α-FP (tumor marker test) to 2273.3 ng/ml which was closer in value to untreated cells (4066.7 ng/ml) in comparison with DWE which reduced it greatly to 1658.7 ng/ml, and the biophysical properties of AMPAR subunits demonstrate a reduced effect on desensitization rates of GluA2 homomer and GluA1/2 heteromer, using SSE relative to DWE. In conclusion, the condensed smoke of ordinary water pipe (DWE) has cytotoxic and neurotoxic impacts on various cell lines, while our newly developed system (SSE) was less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - El-Hamouz Amer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Siham Hindieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sama Tarazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Abstract
Background Few studies have shown that smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to contract COVID-19, while others report that smokers are underrepresented among those requiring hospital treatment for this illness. This study was designed and implemented for investigating the severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on underlying smoking status. Materials and Methods This was a case-control study that was implemented in Tehran and Ahvaz with all COVID-19 patients from February to July 2020. Patients were divided into two groups of COVID-19 positive (1044 cases) and negative (1231 controls) randomly based on entrance number. Results The frequency of smokers in the case group is significantly lower than the control group (15.4% vs. 28%). However, the number of days of hospitalization and the use of more than 3 medications in the group of smokers were significantly higher. A comparison between groups of case and control based on smoking indicates that the death rate was significantly higher in smokers with COVID-19. Conclusions The results of this study showed that although the number of smokers in COVID-19 patients is significantly lower, smokers run an aggresive curse and have higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Heydari
- Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186581. [PMID: 32916821 PMCID: PMC7555793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to more than 771,000 deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for severe illness and even death from many respiratory infections. The effects of smoking on COVID-19 are currently controversial. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of smoking on the clinical manifestations, disease progression, inflammatory responses, immunopathogenesis, racial ethnic disparities, and incidence of COVID-19. This review also documents future directions of smoking related research in COVID-19. The current epidemiological finding suggests that active smoking is associated with an increased severity of disease and death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Smoking can upregulate the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cell and activate a ‘cytokine storm’ which can lead to worsen outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This receptor can also act as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on a legacy of inequalities regarding gender, racial, and ethnic health disparities associated with active smoking, thus, smoking cessation may help in improving outcomes. In addition, to flatten the COVID-19 curve, staying indoors, avoiding unnecessary social contact, and bolstering the immune defense system by maintaining a healthy diet/living are highly desirable.
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Abi-Gerges A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Abou-Khalil P, Chahine JB, Hachem P, Khalil C. Evaluation of waterpipe smoke toxicity in C57BL/6 mice model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101940. [PMID: 32889155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is a popular pastime worldwide with statistics pointing to an alarming increase in consumption. In the current paper, the evaluation of sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure was undertaken using C57BL/6 female mice using a dynamic exposure setting to emulate smoke exposure. Mice were daily subjected to either one (single exposure, SE) or two sessions (double exposure, DE) of waterpipe-generated smoke (two-apple flavor) for a period of two months. Although lungs histopathological examination pointed to a minor inflammation in smoke-exposed mice compared to control air-exposed (CON) group, the lung weights of the waterpipe-exposed mice were significantly higher (+72% in SE and +39% in DE) (p < 0.01) when compared to CON group. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of several proteins such as iNOS and JNK were noted in the lungs of smoke-exposed mice. However, no changes in p38 and EGFR protein levels were noted between the three groups of mice. Our results mainly showed a significant increase in urea serum levels (+28%) in SE mice along with renal pathological damage in both SE and DE mice compared to CON. Additionally, severe significant DNA damages (p < 0.05) were reported in the lungs, kidneys, bone marrow and liver of waterpipe-exposed animals, using MTS and COMET assays. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure in the selected animal model and the pressing need for future better management of waterpipe indoor consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou-Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pia Hachem
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Can Respir J 2020; 2020:5949834. [PMID: 32676133 PMCID: PMC7336226 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5949834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waterpipe smoking in young individuals is increasing with limited studies addressing its respiratory health effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on young adults' lung functions. Spirometric parameters were compared between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study of university students, including males and females, was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to record students' characteristics. The spirometry test was performed to assess students' lung functions; we recorded the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%). Results A total of 300 apparently healthy students (150 waterpipe smokers and 150 nonsmokers) were included in the study. Waterpipe smokers showed significantly lower values in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% compared to the nonsmoker group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis on female students (50 WP smokers and 50 nonsmokers) showed a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% parameters (P < 0.001). Conclusion Waterpipe smoking is associated with reduced spirometric parameters in healthy young adults with relatively limited smoking years.
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Brake SJ, Barnsley K, Lu W, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). J Clin Med 2020; 9:E841. [PMID: 32244852 PMCID: PMC7141517 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicenter of the original outbreak in China has high male smoking rates of around 50%, and early reported death rates have an emphasis on older males, therefore the likelihood of smokers being overrepresented in fatalities is high. In Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea, female smoking rates are much lower than males. Fewer females have contracted the virus. If this analysis is correct, then Indonesia would be expected to begin experiencing high rates of Covid-19 because its male smoking rate is over 60% (Tobacco Atlas). Smokers are vulnerable to respiratory viruses. Smoking can upregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, the known receptor for both the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the human respiratory coronavirus NL638. This could also be true for new electronic smoking devices such as electronic cigarettes and "heat-not-burn" IQOS devices. ACE2 could be a novel adhesion molecule for SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19 and a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fatal microbial infections, and therefore it should be fast tracked and prioritized for research and investigation. Data on smoking status should be collected on all identified cases of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel James Brake
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; (S.J.B.); (W.L.); (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Kathryn Barnsley
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; (S.J.B.); (W.L.); (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Kielan Darcy McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; (S.J.B.); (W.L.); (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; (S.J.B.); (W.L.); (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; (S.J.B.); (W.L.); (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.)
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Badran M, Laher I. Waterpipe (shisha, hookah) smoking, oxidative stress and hidden disease potential. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101455. [PMID: 32086009 PMCID: PMC7327957 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the abundant research on the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and the strict regulations enacted by many health authorities, many smokers are seeking for safer and more acceptable tobacco forms. Waterpipe (also known as shisha or hookah) use has increased dramatically during the past decade, mostly due to its improved taste, lack of regulations and social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes. However, recent clinical and experimental studies indicate that waterpipe use is as, or even more, harmful than cigarettes. Although they differ in the method of consumption, waterpipe tobacco has similar deleterious constituents found in cigarettes but are generated at greater amounts. These constituents are known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, the major underlying mechanisms of a wide array of chronic pathological conditions. We review the relationship between waterpipe tobacco use and oxidative stress and the disease potential of waterpipe use. Waterpipe tobacco smoking is growing in popularity globally, since it is thought to be a safer alternative to cigarette smoking. The amount of harmful substances produced from one waterpipe smoking session are greater than found in a standard cigarette. Waterpipe smoking can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, which precede and exacerbate multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Meo SA, Iqbal M, Al-Masri A, Zia I, Afzal S. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and respiratory complaints in Hajj pilgrims wearing a cotton towel or plain cotton ihram. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519891009. [PMID: 31891277 PMCID: PMC7607530 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519891009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hajj is an important component of Islam. This study aimed to determine the
effect of wearing a cotton towel or plain cotton ihram on the onset of
respiratory symptoms and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in
Hajj pilgrims. Methods One hundred male nonsmoking subjects (age: 20–60 years) without a previous
clinical history of respiratory illnesses were included. Fifty subjects were
dressed in a cotton towel ihram and 50 wore a plain cotton ihram (control
group). Respiratory symptoms and FeNO levels were recorded on the day before
leaving for Hajj, when ihrams were removed, and when the pilgrims had
returned home. Results Pilgrims who wore cotton towel ihrams showed significantly higher rates of
respiratory symptoms, including being generally ill, coughing, a sore
throat, and a runny nose, than those who wore plain ihrams. FeNO levels also
tended to be higher in pilgrims who wore a cotton towel ihram compared with
those with a plain cotton ihram during and after Hajj. Conclusions Hajj pilgrims who wear cotton towel ihrams may have a risk of respiratory
symptoms, including a cough, sore throat, and runny nose. Therefore, a plain
cotton ihram is advisable while performing Hajj to minimize respiratory
illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inam Zia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Qasim H, Alarabi AB, Alzoubi KH, Karim ZA, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:58. [PMID: 31521105 PMCID: PMC6745078 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but "appealing" flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects. In fact, hookah users are at risks of infections, cancers, lung disease, and other medical conditions. Moreover, because of the overlapping toxicant/chemical profile to conventional cigarettes, hookah smoke effects on the cardiovascular system are thought to be comparable to those of conventional cigarettes. A major source of tobacco addiction is nicotine, whose levels in hookah are extremely variable as they depend on the type of tobacco used. Taken together, in this review of literature, we will provide insights on the negative health effects of hookah in general, with a focus on what is known regarding its impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
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16
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Lasebikan VO, Ola BA, Lasebikan TO. Shisha smoking in selected nightclubs in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:136. [PMID: 31565115 PMCID: PMC6756782 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.136.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shisha consumption is a growing public health issue all over the globe and public health awareness about its deleterious health consequences is still not sufficiently raised. Methods In this location-based study of nightclubs in Ibadan, Nigeria, 633 patrons of selected nightclubs were interviewed in order to obtain information on prevalence, correlates and predictors of shisha smoking. Results The overall prevalence of shisha smoking was 7.1%. The age of initiation into shisha smoking was lower among women, p = 0.03, but men were significantly more likely to be more frequent users, daily or weekly users, p < 0.001 and also to be current cigarette smokers, p = 0.03. There was no significant gender variability in the stage of readiness to quit. Regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, the predictors of shisha smoking were: cigarette smoking, OR = 4.83, 95% CI (1.49-15.70) and more than 12 years of education, OR = 7.55, 95% CI (1.88 - 30.37), while being a rural dweller was a protective factor, OR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.01-0.20). Conclusion Shisha smoking has emerged as a prevalent public health issue in Nigeria. There is a need for an immediate response from policy providers towards shisha smoking intervention in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bolanle Adeyemi Ola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Nigeria
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Baalbaki R, Itani L, El Kebbi L, Dehni R, Abbas N, Farsakouri R, Awad D, Tannir H, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E23. [PMID: 31208138 PMCID: PMC6617155 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association has published a scientific statement on the effect of hookah smoking on health outcomes; nevertheless, hookah smoking continues to be popular worldwide, especially among the young. Recent reports mention a potential link between hookah smoking and obesity; however, uncertainties still surround this issue. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to clarify whether hookah smoking is associated with a higher risk of obesity among the general population. This study was conducted in compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis. Of the 818 articles retrieved, five large-population and low-bias studies comprising a total of 16,779 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All included studies reported that, regardless of gender, hookah smoking increases the risk of obesity among all ages and observed an association between the two after a correction for several confounders or reported a higher prevalence of obesity among hookah smokers. This was confirmed by the meta-analysis. Therefore, hookah smoking seems to be associated with a higher risk of obesity. Public health policymakers should be aware of this for the better management of obesity and weight-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Baalbaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Lara El Kebbi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Rawan Dehni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Nermine Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Razan Farsakouri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana Awad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
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Muzammil, Al Asmari DS, Al Rethaiaa AS, Al Mutairi AS, Al Rashidi TH, Al Rasheedi HA, Al Rasheedi SA. Prevalence and Perception of Shisha Smoking among University Students: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:275-281. [PMID: 31198701 PMCID: PMC6559036 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_407_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Understanding perceptions and factors behind the rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking is important for the development of prevention strategies and policies. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the prevalence and perception of shisha smoking among university students. Materials and Methods: The anonymous, self-structured 12-item questionnaire was administered to 450 male university students, with an overall response rate of 82.44% (n = 371). Prevalence, knowledge, and other associated factors regarding shisha smoking were compared between dental and other specialty students using SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Among 371 university students, 40.43% (n = 150) were nonsmokers, 32.88% (n = 122) were shisha smokers, 12.94% (n = 48) were cigarette smokers, and 13.75% (n = 51) smoked both shisha and cigarette. The overall prevalence of shisha smoking (46.63%, n = 173) was higher than that of cigarette smoking (26.68%, n = 99). The percentage of those knowledgeable about the ill effects of shisha smoking was 44.2% with lesser knowledge among shisha smokers than cigarette smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total knowledge score between dental (5.65 ± 2.08) and other specialty (5.21 ± 2.3) students. Conclusions: A high prevalence of shisha use among university students is reported in this study as well as a general lack of understanding of the dangers involved with this behavior. Study authors recommend the development of policies targeted at preventing further rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking through the implementation of preventive strategies such as incorporating this topic into the school syllabus and encouraging research on shisha smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer S Al Asmari
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Al Rethaiaa
- Department of Health Sciences Preparation, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Al Mutairi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saad Amer Al Rasheedi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Choe EH, Sutherland L, Hills C, Sood JD. Shisha smoking as a possible cause of bilateral granulomatous lung lesions. Respirol Case Rep 2018; 6:e00374. [PMID: 30338071 PMCID: PMC6176649 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19‐year‐old male who regularly smoked tobacco shisha pipes presented with pleuritic chest pain, dyspnoea, and cough. He was found to have multiple bilateral lung nodules on computed tomography. A biopsy of the lung revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation but without evidence of infection, foreign body, vasculitis, or malignancy. There was spontaneous and complete clinical and radiographic resolution over the next 12 weeks following cessation of shisha use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Choe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
| | - Luke Sutherland
- Department of Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Jai-Deep Sood
- Department of Respiratory Medicine North Shore Hospital Auckland New Zealand
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21
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Nasr SZ, Nasrallah AI, Abdulghani M, Sweet SC. The impact of conventional and nonconventional inhalants on children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:391-399. [PMID: 29084362 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Inhalant abuse in the adolescent population is a growing concern for care givers, communities, physicians, and medical providers. The aim of this article is to provide a review of the literature about this new challenge. In addition, it raises awareness about recent health policy rulings. METHODS Review of the literature was done. RESULTS In this review article, the prevalence of different modes of inhalant use and abuse in children and young adults and their potential health implications will be examined: Cigarettes, ENDS (E Cigarettes), Hookah, Marijuana, and Huffing. Additionally, marketing and advertising tactics will be reviewed to understand how they target this population. A review of current health policy recommendations from the FDA, American Thoracic Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics will also be discussed. CONCLUSION The rapid rise in e-cigarette and hookah use in school aged children should trigger a call to action in the medical and public health communities. Health policy recommendations need to be made to reduce the level of adolescent substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Z Nasr
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Stuart C Sweet
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Hawari FI, Obeidat NA, Ghonimat IM, Ayub HS, Dawahreh SS. The effect of habitual waterpipe tobacco smoking on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in young healthy males: A pilot study. Respir Med 2017; 122:71-75. [PMID: 27993294 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the health effects of habitual waterpipe smoking is limited, particularly in young smokers. Respiratory health and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were compared in young male habitual waterpipe smokers (WPS) versus non-smokers. METHODS 69 WPS (≥3 times/week for three years) and 69 non-smokers were studied. Respiratory health was assessed through the American Thoracic Society and the Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD-78) adult questionnaire. Pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed. Self-reported respiratory symptoms, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%), peak expiratory flow (PEF), exercise time, peak end-tidal CO2 tension (PetCO2), subject-reported leg fatigue and dyspnea; peak O2 uptake (VO2 max), and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) change from baseline (at peak exercise) were measured. RESULTS WPS were more likely than non-smokers to report respiratory symptoms. WPS also demonstrated: shorter exercise time; lower peak VO2; higher perceived dyspnea at mid-exercise; lower values of the following: FEV1, FVC, PEF, and EELV change. CONCLUSION Habitual waterpipe tobacco smoking in young seemingly healthy individuals is associated with a greater burden of respiratory symptoms and impaired exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Hawari
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan; Cancer Control Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
| | - N A Obeidat
- Cancer Control Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - I M Ghonimat
- Respiratory Therapy Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - H S Ayub
- Independent Tobacco Control & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Consultant, Private Practice, Jordan
| | - S S Dawahreh
- Respiratory Therapy Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Die Wasserpfeife (Shisha) – Innenraumluftqualität, Human-Biomonitoring und Gesundheitseffekte. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1593-1604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haddad L, Kelly DL, Weglicki LS, Barnett TE, Ferrell AV, Ghadban R. A Systematic Review of Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health Outcomes. Tob Use Insights 2016; 9:13-28. [PMID: 27398028 PMCID: PMC4934173 DOI: 10.4137/tui.s39873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is a social custom common in many Middle Eastern, North African, and Asian countries and has become increasingly popular in the US, especially among youth; however, WPS smoking may be increasing in the US adult population as well. There is a common belief among waterpipe (WP) smokers that WPS is less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Thus, this review aims to systematically explore the literature on the effects of WP tobacco smoking with a particular focus on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes as well as on oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference health outcomes. METHODOLOGY We conducted a systematic review, guided by the criteria of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, using the following online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Forty studies met the inclusion criteria established for this review. Based on the existing evidence, several cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic health indicators and conditions have been shown to be negatively affected by WPS. In addition to the effects of nicotine and chemical toxicant exposures, WPS was significantly associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and lower pulmonary function test results, as well as a number of health conditions such as lung cancer, alterations in oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference. CONCLUSION The current literature provides evidence that WPS is associated with a number of negative health indicators and outcomes. There is need for more research related to WPS and its effects on health so that appropriate campaigns and prevention interventions can be implemented to control the epidemic increase of WPS in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Haddad
- Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,CORRESPONDENCE:
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda S. Weglicki
- Professor and Schmidt Family Foundation Distinguished Professor, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Tracey E. Barnett
- Associate Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Roula Ghadban
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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25
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Meo SA, Alrashed AH, Almana AA, Altheiban YI, Aldosari MS, Almudarra NF, Alwabel SA. Lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide among petroleum refinery workers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2015; 10:37. [PMID: 26435731 PMCID: PMC4591067 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational and environmental exposure to petroleum refinery products poses a great threat to human health. This study aimed to assess the lung function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among petroleum refinery workers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 112 participants (56 petroleum refinery workers with mean age 35.20 ± 1.62 years, and 56 age, weight, height, ethnicity and socioeconomically matched control subjects with mean age 30.02 ± 1.76 years) were recruited. A comprehensive clinical history and examination was conducted to decide whether to include in the study or not. Ventilatory lung function test parameters were recorded by using a Spirometer and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) was measured by Niox Mino. Results A significant decline in lung function parameters FEV1 (p = 0.0001), FEV1/FVC Ratio (p = 0.01), PEF (p = 0.0001), FEF 25 % (p = 0.0001), FEF-50 % (p = 0.012) was observed among oil refinery workers compared to their matched controls. However, there was no difference in the mean values of FeNO between the groups. Conclusion Subjects working in the petroleum refinery have significantly impaired lung functions. However, there was no change in the values of FENO between the groups. The lung function impairment pattern provide evidence in the favor of an obstructive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Clinical Physiology, Department of Physiology (29), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Yazeed Ibrahim Altheiban
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saud Aldosari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Faleh Almudarra
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alwabel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sfaxi I, Ben Saad H, Rouatbi S. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy elderly Tunisian subjects. Nitric Oxide 2015; 50:88-97. [PMID: 26344327 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exhaled-fraction-of-nitric-oxide (FeNO) norms are absent in healthy elderly North-African subjects. OBJECTIVES i) to identify FeNO influencing factors of elderly Tunisians older 50 years and more; ii) to assess the applicability of some published FeNO norms for elderly in local population; iii) to set-up FeNO norms and to prospectively evaluate their validity in two elderly validation-groups (healthy and asthmatic subjects). METHODS A convenience sample of healthy and asthmatic elderly Tunisians was recruited. Subjects responded to a medical questionnaire and then FeNO levels were measured by an online method (Medisoft, Sorinnes (Dinant), Belgium). Clinical, anthropometric and spirometric data were collected. Three groups of subjects were identified: group I (healthy-elderly; n = 100, 57 females); group II (healthy-validation; n = 17, 4 females) and group III (asthmatic-validation; n = 10, 9 females). ANOVA was performed to compare the three groups' data. RESULTS No significant factor, among those evaluated, influenced Tunisian elderly FeNO values. The available published FeNO norms did not reliably predict FeNO in Tunisian elderly population. The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) of FeNO (ppb) for group I was 14 ± 6 (3-34). For Tunisian people, each elderly FeNO value higher than 34 ppb will be considered as abnormal. There was no statistical significant difference between FeNO (ppb) mean values of group I and groups II (15 ± 8) or III (18 ± 13). No subject of group II had a FeNO value higher than 34 ppb. Thirty percent of group III subjects had a FeNO value higher than 34 ppb. CONCLUSION In practice, FeNO value of more than 34 ppb is considered abnormal in elderly Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sfaxi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia; Research Laboratory N° LR14ES05: Interactions of the Cardiopulmonary System, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rouatbi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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