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Jeong H, Araújo DF, Knœry J, Briant N, Ra K. Isotopic (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and elemental fingerprints of antifouling paints and their potential use for environmental forensic investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121176. [PMID: 36731740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling paints (APs) are one of the important sources of Cu and Zn contamination in coastal environments. This study applied for the first-time a multi-isotope (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and multi-elemental characterization of different AP brands to improve their tracking in marine environments. The Cu and Zn contents of APs were shown to be remarkably high ∼35% and ∼8%, respectively. The δ65CuAE647, δ66ZnIRMM3702, and 206Pb/207Pb of the APs differed depending on the manufacturers and color (-0.16 to +0.36‰, -0.34 to +0.03‰, and 1.1158 to 1.2140, respectively). A PCA analysis indicates that APs, tires, and brake pads have also distinct elemental fingerprints. Combining isotopic and elemental ratios (e.g., Zn/Cu) allows to distinguish the environmental samples. Nevertheless, a first attempt to apply this approach in highly urbanized harbor areas demonstrates difficulties in source apportionments, because the sediment was chemically and isotopically homogeneous. The similarity of isotope ranges between the harbor and non-exhaust traffic emission sources suggests that most metals are highly affected by urban runoff, and that APs are not the main contributors of these metals. It is suspected that AP-borne contamination should be punctual rather than dispersed, because of APs low solubility properties. Nevertheless, this study shows that the common coastal anthropogenic sources display different elemental and isotopic fingerprints, hence the potential for isotope source tracking applications in marine environments. Further study cases, combined with laboratory experiments to investigate isotope fractionation during releasing the metal sources are necessary to improve non-traditional isotope applications in environmental forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Jeong
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France; Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, South Korea.
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Joël Knœry
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, South Korea; Department of Ocean Science (Oceanography), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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2
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Choi J, Kim YS, Kim MH, Kim HJ, Yoon BE. Maternal lead exposure induces sex-dependent cerebellar glial alterations and repetitive behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:954807. [PMID: 36072563 PMCID: PMC9442054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.954807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most prevalent heavy metals we encounter daily. Although there are many reports regarding their toxic effects on humans, the effects of exposure to low lead concentrations throughout the pregnancy period on the offspring are not fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms that occur in response to lead exposure. To this end, we administered lead-containing water to pregnant mice from the day of conception till delivery or till day 28 postnatally. Furthermore, we performed neurodevelopmental disorder-related behavior tests and RNA-sequencing analysis. We used both genders for all experiments because neurodevelopmental disorders usually show several sex-dependent differences. The results revealed increased levels of gliosis in the cerebella of lead-exposed pups compared to those in littermates belonging to the control group. Additionally, we observed altered behaviors of male mice in the autism spectrum disorder-related tests. RNA-sequencing results revealed changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling in the lead-exposed mouse model. Specifically, the lead-exposed male mice showed decreased monoamine oxidase B and increased levels of diamine oxidase enzyme, which is related to the synthesis of GABA in astrocytes. These findings demonstrate sex-dependent basal developmental changes in glial cells and an increased prevalence of autistic-like behaviors in the young pups of mothers exposed to lead during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo-Eun Yoon,
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3
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Brown LA, Fisk G, Cohen MA, Crollard A, Whittaker SG. Using an alternatives assessment framework to evaluate waterborne versus solventborne basecoats used in automotive refinishing. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1101-1113. [PMID: 34687272 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated two types of automotive basecoats used in automotive refinishing (i.e., in auto body shops): waterborne and solventborne. The primary tool we used for this evaluation was the Alternatives Assessment Guide (version 1.0) developed by the Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse (IC2). The term "solventborne," as used in this article, refers to products that contain relatively high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (referred to as "high-volatile organic compound [VOC] basecoats" in the industry). These products are distinct from the "low-VOC" solventborne products used widely in California and elsewhere. From a health and environmental hazard perspective, our evaluation found that waterborne basecoats contained fewer hazardous ingredients and at lower concentrations than their solventborne counterparts. Automotive painters who spray-painted vehicles with waterborne products experienced significantly lower exposures to several harmful solvents. Waterborne products are readily available and offer advantages with regard to social impacts. Some of these advantages include lower worker and community exposure to VOCs, reduced VOC release and smog formation, and reduced potential for generation of and exposure to hazardous waste. Based on our assessment in auto body shops, we consider waterborne basecoats to be safer alternatives from both a human health and environmental perspective. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1101-1113. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Brown
- Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Public Health-Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grace Fisk
- Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Water and Land Resources Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin A Cohen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allison Crollard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen G Whittaker
- Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Public Health-Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Taherifard A, Esmaeili A, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. Evaluation of blood lead among painters of buildings and cars. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:737-744. [PMID: 34797729 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211042731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead-based paints is a major threat to the health of painters. This study aimed to evaluate the blood concentration of lead (Pb) in painters of buildings and cars. The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information. Lead concentration in blood samples was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. A total of 32 male painters were selected based on inclusion criteria. The mean blood lead level (BLL) in the painters was 8.1 ± 4.93 μg/dL. Pb levels in car and building painters were 9.42 ± 5.5 μg/dL and 6.7 ± 1.85 μg/dL, respectively. Pb concentration in none of the blood samples was more than 30 μg/dL. The prevalence of BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL and BLL ≥ 10 μg/dL was 97% and 19%, respectively. According to the findings, the rate of BLL among car painters was higher than building painters. Considering the presence of Pb in all blood samples, it seems necessary to increase the awareness of painters about the adverse effects of lead exposure even in low concentrations. However, the sample size in this study was small and more investigations are required in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, 113396Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Taherifard
- Occupational Environment Research Center, 113396Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abbas Esmaeili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Occupational Environment Research Center, School of Health, 113396Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadinia
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, 113396Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, 113396Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Odongo OA, Moturi WN, Obonyo MA. Influence of task-based airborne lead exposures on blood lead levels: a case study of informal automobile repair artisans in Nakuru town, Kenya. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1893-1903. [PMID: 31696399 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning is an emerging worldwide public health concern, especially in the developing countries. Occupational tasks such as spray painting and welding in informal automobile repair enterprises present risks of exposures to lead generally through inhalation and ingestion. The artisans therefore risk high blood lead (BPb) levels, which is critical to chronic adverse health effects of lead. The study aimed at assessing the influence of occupational tasks on personal airborne lead exposures and to evaluate the association between these exposures with blood lead (BPb) levels among the artisans. A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten informal automobile repair workshops. Task-specific personal inhalable air samples and blood samples were collected concurrently for 20 participants performing five distinct occupational tasks. Lead levels were analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and data analysed by analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions. The results indicated significant differences in airborne lead (PbA) exposure levels in different occupational tasks (p = 0.000). Lead-acid battery repairs recorded mean PbA exposure level of [76.11 ± (10.81 SE) µg/m3] exceeding the WHO 50 µg/m3 airborne lead permissible exposure limit. The average (PbA) exposure level was 22.55 ± (5.05 SE) µg/m3, while the mean (BPb) level was 25.08 ± (3.48 SE) µg/dl. A significant positive correlation between task-based airborne lead with blood lead levels was observed (r = 0.68, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the occupational tasks influenced personal airborne lead exposure levels, which in turn was an important predictor of blood lead levels. The study recommends lead exposure assessments, medical screening and intervention measures to minimize the risk and consequences of occupational exposures to lead among the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owino Alfred Odongo
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya.
| | - W N Moturi
- Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University, Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Meshack Amos Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
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Huang WH, Hu CC, Yen TH, Hsu CW, Weng CH. Blood lead level: an overlooked risk of carpal tunnel syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2020; 41:786-793. [PMID: 31498017 PMCID: PMC6746292 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1657894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a severe complication observed in long-term maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The most common cause of CTS is dialysis-related β2-microglobulin amyloidosis, which is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in dialysis patients. Patients on MHD have higher blood lead levels (BLLs) than the general population. Lead (Pb) exposure in chronic dialysis patients has been noted to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, lead-related inflammation and oxidative stress might contribute to CTS. Methods: The medical records of 866 MHD patients were reviewed. Two hundred and thirty-four patients with symptoms of CTS were surveyed by senior neurologists via physical examinations and nerve conduction studies. Patients in this study were stratified into groups with low-normal (<10 μg/dL), high-normal (10 to 20 μg/dL), and abnormal (>20 μg/dL) BLLs. The associations between CTS and BLLs and the clinical data were analyzed. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that Log BLL (OR: 54.810, 95% CI: 13.622-220.54, p < .001), high-normal BLLs (OR: 4.839, 95% CI: 2.262-10.351, p < .001) with low-normal BLL as a reference, high BLLs (OR: 12.952, 95% CI: 5.391-31.119, p < .001) with low-normal BLL as a reference, and a BLL >12.3 μg/dL (OR: 6.827, 95% CI: 3.737-12.472, p < .001) were positively associated with CTS according to three different analyses. Discussion: In conclusion, blood lead levels were positively associated with CTS in patients on MHD. Dialysis patients should pay more attention to their environmental exposure to Pb. Avoidance of environmental Pb may reduce the incidence of CTS in MHD patients. Future studies will address the role of Pb in the pathophysiology of CTS in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Huang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Clinical Poison Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Clinical Poison Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Clinical Poison Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Clinical Poison Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Yan J, Karlsson A, Zou Z, Dai D, Edlund U. Contamination of heavy metals and metalloids in biomass and waste fuels: Comparative characterisation and trend estimation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134382. [PMID: 31698270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of contaminated biomass and waste fuels is essential for waste management, waste to energy (WtE) and mitigating carbon emissions. The contamination of heavy metals and metalloids is specially concerned by environmental regulation and waste to energy processes. In this study, comparative characterisation is performed for three typical contaminated biomass and waste fuels. i.e. recycled woods, combustible municipal solid waste, and industrial and commercial wastes. The contamination characteristics are further analysed using statistical methods (e.g. significance, correlation, profile, and principal component analyses) to identify specific contamination features, relations among the contaminants and potential contamination sources. Contamination trend is estimated based on the continuously monitoring fuel qualities, the driving forces for regulating and reduction of the contaminations, and potential changes in major contamination sources. The comparative characterisation combined with statistical analyses provides a better way to understand the contamination mechanisms. The approach can also relate the fuel contamination with the contamination sources and their changes for trend estimation. Generally, the toxic heavy metals and metalloids are expected to be significantly reduced due to stricter regulations, but there is no general trend for the reduction of other metals and metalloids because of the complicated changes in contamination sources and waste recycling streams in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Yan
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Vattenfall AB, SE-169 92 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Zhi Zou
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deliang Dai
- Economics and Statistics, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Barbosa JZ, Poggere GC, Teixeira WWR, Motta ACV, Prior SA, Curi N. Assessing soil contamination in automobile scrap yards by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:46. [PMID: 31844991 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A by-product of industrialization and population growth, automobile scrap yards are a potential source of metal contamination in soil. This study evaluated the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility (χ) analysis in assessing metal soil contamination in scrap yards located in Brazil. Five automobile scrap yards were selected in Curitiba, Paraná State (CB1, CB2, and CB3) and Lavras, Minas Gerais State (LV1 and LV2). By evaluating metal concentrations and geoaccumulation index values, we verified moderate Cu, Pb, and Zr contamination and moderate to high Zn contamination, primarily in the topsoil (0-10 cm). Soil Zn concentrations in automobile scrap yards were on average four times higher than in reference soils, suggesting that galvanized automobile parts may be the primary source of this soil contaminant. Although other elements (i.e., As, Cr, Fe, Nb, Ni, and Y) were slightly increased compared to reference values in one or more soils, concentrations did not constitute contamination. Automobile scrap yard topsoil had higher χ values (5.8 to 52.9 × 10-7 m3 kg-1) at low frequency (χlf) compared to reference soil (3.6 to 7.5 × 10-7 m3 kg-1). The highest values of χlf occurred in LV soils, which also represented the highest Zn contamination. Magnetic multidomain characteristics (percent frequency-dependent susceptibility between 2 and 10) indicated magnetic particle contributions of anthropogenic origin. The use of pXRF and χlf as non-destructive techniques displays potential for identifying soil contamination in automobile scrap yards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julierme Zimmer Barbosa
- Federal Institute of Southeast Minas Gerais, Monsenhor José Augusto street, n° 204, Barbacena, Minas Gerais, 36205-018, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Clarice Poggere
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stephen A Prior
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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