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Stickley A, Sumiyoshi T, Kondo N, Leinsalu M, Inoue Y, Ruchkin V, Shin JI, McKee M. Psychological distress and voting behaviour in nine countries of the former Soviet Union. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22709. [PMID: 38123608 PMCID: PMC10733372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorer mental health is linked to a lower likelihood of voting in elections. However, little is known about this association in non-Western settings. This study examined the association between psychological distress and voting in nine countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU). Data were analysed from 18,000 respondents aged ≥ 18 in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Ukraine collected during the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) survey in 2010/11. Information was collected on previous voting behaviour and future voting intentions. Psychological distress was assessed with a 12-item scale. In pooled multivariable logistic regression analyses psychological distress was significantly associated with 'never voting' (not having voted previously or intending to vote in future) and 'past voting only' (having voted previously but not intending to vote in future). In stratified analyses psychological distress was linked to never voting in women and working-age adults. The significant association between psychological distress and voting was observed only in hybrid political regimes. Psychological distress is associated with a reduced likelihood of voting in FSU countries especially among women, working-age adults and those in hybrid political regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stickley
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Sodertorn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mall Leinsalu
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Sodertorn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sala, Sweden
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lathabhavan R, Bharti T, Marznaki ZH. Role of resilience and self-coping strategy in determining positive emotions during pandemic among healthcare professionals in Iran. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:284. [PMID: 37736738 PMCID: PMC10514932 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic placed immense stress on healthcare professionals worldwide. This strain often resulted in imbalances in their physical and mental well-being, necessitating effective coping mechanisms. In light of this context, this study investigates the correlations between the fear of COVID-19, self-coping strategies, and positive emotions, with particular reference to the Iranian health care industry. METHODS Data were collected from 1050 healthcare professionals in Iran and the data were analysed sing structural equation modelling. RESULTS The study revealed that pandemic fear negatively impacts self-coping strategies and positive emotions during crisis scenarios. Conversely, self-coping strategies have a positive correlation with positive emotions. The research also underscored the role of resilience in reinforcing the favorable link between self-coping strategies and positive emotions. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to explore the significance of resilience and self-coping strategies among Iranian healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Its findings offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, paving the way for further contributions in this field. Future research endeavors may consider investigating the effects of various psychological interventions, including breathing techniques, self-talk, physical exercises, yoga, optimizing sleep, and dietary measures on the resilience and self-coping practices of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Lathabhavan
- OB and HRM Area, Indian Institute of Management, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Teena Bharti
- OB and HRM Area, Indian Institute of Management, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki
- Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Liu S, Qiu Y, Fu R, Liu Y, Suo C. Identifying the water quality variation characteristics and their main driving factors from 2008 to 2020 in the Yellow River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66753-66766. [PMID: 37099101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the water quality dynamics and their main influence factors is crucial for sustainable water environment management especially in the sensitive ecosystem area. Here, the spatiotemporal dynamic of water quality in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2020 and its relationship with physical geography, human activities, and meteorology were studied by using Pearson correlation test, and a generalized linear model. The results showed that water quality was significantly improved since 2008, which was reflected from the decreasing trend of the permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and increasing trend of the dissolved oxygen (DO). However, the total nitrogen (TN) remained severely polluted with average annual concentration inferior to level V. Spatially speaking, the water quality in the upper and lower reaches was better than that of the middle reaches. The whole basin was severely contaminated by TN with 2.62 ± 1.52, 3.91 ± 1.71, and 2.91 ± 1.20 mg L-1 from upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively. Thus, TN should be paid much attention in the water quality management of the Yellow River Basin. The water quality improvement could be attributed to the reduction of pollution discharges and ecological restoration. Further analysis found the variation of water consumption and increase of forest and wetland area contributed 39.90% and 47.49% for CODMn and 58.92% and 30.87% for NH3-N, respectively. Meteorological variables and total water resources contributed slightly. This study is expected to provide in-depth insights for the water quality dynamics and their response to human activities and natural factors in the Yellow River Basin, which could provide theoretical references for water quality protection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Chengyu Suo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Tadic M, Terzic-Supic Z, Todorovic J, Kilibarda B, Santric-Milicevic M, Dusanovic-Pjevic M, Milicevic S. Psychological Distress in the Republic of Serbia, the Association of Social Characteristics and Substance Use on a National Representative Sample of Serbia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5321. [PMID: 37047937 PMCID: PMC10094738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between social characteristics, substance use, and psychological distress in a national representative sample of adults in Serbia. It was a secondary analysis of the National Survey on Lifestyles in Serbia: Substance Abuse and Gambling 2018. The study included a total of 2000 participants aged 18 to 65 from the general population in Serbia. Psychological distress was examined using the Kessler 6 questionnaire. There were a total of 945 male participants (47.3%) and 1055 (52.8%) female participants. The average age was 37.83 ± 13.61 years. The prevalence of a high risk of psychological distress was 5.2% (103/2000), while the prevalence of moderate risk of psychological distress was 15.2% (303/2000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male, having poor self-rated health, having poor subjective financial status, binge drinking in the past year, and lifetime use of any illicit drug were associated with a higher likelihood of having a high risk of psychological distress. One in six adults in Serbia has a high risk of psychological distress, while one in twenty has a moderate risk. The findings of this study urge targeted actions to protect and improve the health of people in psychological distress and drug and alcohol users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Tadic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Terzic-Supic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Todorovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Kilibarda
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Santric-Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dusanovic-Pjevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srboljub Milicevic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gender, Stress, and Well-Being in Adulthood. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010110. [PMID: 36614911 PMCID: PMC9821082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressors may be one of the most critical components of health and well-being. Although research on stress and health abounds, most studies have focused on establishing that stress is harmful to physical and mental health whereas less attention has been paid to analysing the effects of stress on well-being. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of gender in the association of stress with well-being in adulthood. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1578 women and 1507 men from the Spanish general population aged between 30 and 59. All participants were assessed by eight self-reports measuring chronic stress, life events, daily hassles, eudaimonic well-being, life satisfaction, masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits, coping styles, and social support. Although stress does not affect women's eudaimonic well-being, a greater number of life events and more daily hassles rendered lower life satisfaction in women. Men's greater chronic stress was associated with lower eudaimonic well-being and life satisfaction; moreover, a greater number of life events was associated with men's lower life satisfaction. We conclude that gender is relevant in the stress and well-being of adults as well as in the association between stress and well-being.
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Shi C, Wang S, Tang Q, Liu X, Li Y. Cross-lagged relationship between anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among college students during and after collective isolation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1038862. [PMID: 36561855 PMCID: PMC9766954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Object Repeated quarantine policies over the past 3 years have led to poor psychological consequences for the public. Previous studies have proved that the quarantine policy leaves individuals vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and insomnia, especially among college students. This study aims to explore whether psychological problems during isolation continue with the release of isolation. Methods Overall, 2,787 college students both answered a web-based survey during and after the closure management was lifted. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Youth Self-rating Insomnia Scale were measured. The cross-lagged path model was used to explore the influence of psychological impact during isolation on the individual after the release. Results We found that anxiety and sleep disturbance levels alleviated significantly after quarantine, except for depression. As expected, a bidirectional relationship exists between anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. Moreover, depression and sleep disturbance can predict post quarantine depression, sleep disturbance, and anxiety, yet anxiety cannot predict sleep disturbance afterward. Conclusion Timely and effective intervention for anxiety, depression, and insomnia during isolation is essential for individuals to repair themselves quickly after the release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Shi
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Faculty of Arts, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yue Li
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Parent-Lamarche A, Laforce S. A Moderated Mediation Analysis of New Work-Related Stressors, Psychological Distress, and Absenteeism in Health Care During a Pandemic: Is Recognition the Cure for Preventing Falling in Battle? J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:839-847. [PMID: 35901202 PMCID: PMC9524531 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the effects of new work-related stressors on psychological distress and absenteeism and the role of recognition in these relationships. METHODS Moderated path analyses were carried out on a sample of 1128 health care workers. RESULTS Increased workload related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) ( β = 1.511, P ≤ 0.01) and fear of COVID-19 ( β = 0.844, P ≤ 0.01) were directly associated with a higher level of psychological distress and indirectly ( β = 2.306, P ≤ 0.01; and β = 1.289, P ≤ 0.05, respectively) associated with a higher level of absenteeism. Recognition ( β = 0.260, P ≤ 0.001) moderated the association between teleworking and psychological distress. Furthermore, this significant moderation effect had a significant impact on absenteeism ( β = 0.392, P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of the workplace (on site or teleworking), high recognition was beneficial for psychological distress. This effect seems more important when working on site. CONCLUSIONS The results propose that specific new work-related stressors should be addressed in the context of organizational change (eg, a pandemic).
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Murniati N, Al Aufa B, Kusuma D, Kamso S. A Scoping Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Mental Health among Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10909. [PMID: 36078627 PMCID: PMC9518331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to map the available evidence on biopsychosocial predictors of elderly mental health. The articles were independently screened in three selected databases, namely Pubmed, Proquest and Google Scholar. The stages consist of identifying the research questions, seeking and selecting relevant evidence, mapping data, and concluding and reporting results. The PRISMA flowchart was used to show the PEOS evidence search flow. A total of 23,722 articles were obtained from all databases during the initial search, where 458 titles fulfilled the eligibility criteria at the title screening stage. Furthermore, 383 articles passed through abstract screening, where 75 met the inclusion criteria and were included for full-text screening. Based on the full-text screening stage, 28 articles were excluded and the remaining 47 articles that matched the search process were included for data extraction. This review creates biopsychosocial variables related to the mental health of the elderly. The biological factors consist of age, biomarkers, female, health conditions, chronic diseases, and physical function. Variables related to psychological factors are affect, personality traits, and subjective well-being. Meanwhile, social factors include smoking, sleep quality, physical activity, daily living, social support, marital status, loneliness, religiosity, spirituality, and early life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Murniati
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Badra Al Aufa
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sudijanto Kamso
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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The Silent Generation vs Baby Boomers: Socio-demographic and psychological predictors of the “gray” digital inequalities. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Li J, Fu P, Jing Z, Zhao D, Zhou C. Social support and subsequent cognitive frailty during a 1-year follow-up of older people: the mediating role of psychological distress. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:162. [PMID: 35227216 PMCID: PMC8883608 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty and cognitive impairment are two common geriatric symptoms linking adverse health-related outcomes. However, cognitive frailty, a new definition defined by an international consensus group, has been shown to be a better predictor of increased disability, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes among older people than just frailty or cognitive impairment. This study estimated the prospective association between social support and subsequent cognitive frailty over 1 year follow-up, and whether psychological distress mediated the association. Methods The data was drawn from a prospective repeated-measures cohort study on a sample of participants aged 60 and over. A total of 2785 older people who participated in both of the baseline and 1-year follow-up survey were included for the analysis. Cognitive frailty was measured by the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia. Control variables included sex, age, education, marital status, economic status, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, chronic conditions, and functional disability. Path analyses with logistic function were performed to examine the direct effects of social support (predictors) on subsequent cognitive frailty (outcome) at 1-year follow-up and the mediating role of psychological distress (mediator) in this link. Results After adjusting for covariates and prior cognitive frailty status, social support was negatively associated with psychological distress (β = − 0.098, 95% CI = − 0.137 to − 0.066, P < 0.001) and was negatively associated with the log-odds of cognitive frailty (β = − 0.040, 95% CI = − 0.064 to − 0.016, P < 0.001). The magnitude of mediation effects from social support to cognitive frailty via psychological distress was a*b = − 0.009, and the ratio of a*b/(a*b + c’) was 24.32%. Conclusions Lower social support is associated with increased rates of subsequent cognitive frailty over 1-year follow-up, and this link is partially mediated through psychological distress, suggesting that assessing and intervening psychological distress and social support may have important implications for preventing cognitive frailty among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyue Jing
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Soto-Cámara R, García-Santa-Basilia N, Onrubia-Baticón H, Cárdaba-García RM, Jiménez-Alegre JJ, Reques-Marugán AM, Molina-Oliva M, Fernández-Domínguez JJ, Matellán-Hernández MP, Morales-Sanchez A, Navalpotro-Pascual S. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Out-of-Hospital Health Professionals: A Living Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235578. [PMID: 34884280 PMCID: PMC8658089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Health professionals (HPs), especially those working in the front line, have been one of the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify the best available scientific evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of out-of-hospital HPs in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. A living systematic review of the literature was designed, consulting the electronic online versions of the CINHAL, Cochrane Library, Cuiden, IBECS, JBI, LILACS, Medline PyscoDoc, PsycoINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2021. Original research was selected, published in either English, Spanish, French, Italian, or Portuguese. In total, 2082 publications were identified, of which 16 were included in this review. The mental health of out-of-hospital HPs was affected. Being a woman or having direct contact with patients showing suspicious signs of COVID-19 or confirmed cases were the factors related to a greater risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety; in the case of depressive symptoms, it was having a clinical history of illnesses that could weaken their defenses against infection. Stopping unpleasant emotions and thoughts was the coping strategy most frequently used by these HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Noemí García-Santa-Basilia
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - Henar Onrubia-Baticón
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - José Julio Jiménez-Alegre
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
| | - Ana María Reques-Marugán
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - María Molina-Oliva
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | | | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Almudena Morales-Sanchez
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
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12
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Tong H, Lung Y, Lin SL, Kobayashi KM, Davison KM, Agbeyaka S, Fuller-Thomson E. Refugee status is associated with double the odds of psychological distress in mid-to-late life: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:747-760. [PMID: 33176526 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020971003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics. Psychological distress was measured by Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 scores. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher among the 244 refugees (23.8%), compared to 23,149 Canadian-born Canadians (12.8%) and 4,765 non-refugee immigrants (12.6%), despite the fact that the average time the refugees had lived in Canada was more than four decades. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated refugees had twice the age-sex adjusted odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.07). Even after further adjustment for 16 potential risk factors, a significant relationship remained between refugee status and psychological distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.17). Other significant factors associated with psychological distress included younger age, female gender, visible minority status, lower household income, not having an undergraduate degree, multimorbidities, chronic pain, and lack of social support. Policies and interventions addressing psychological distress among Canadians in mid- to later life should target refugees and other vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Lung
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen M Davison
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University and University of Hawai'I, Surrey, BC, Canada
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Kolakowsky-Hayner SA, Goldin Y, Kingsley K, Alzueta E, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Perrin PB, Baker FC, Ramos-Usuga D, Constantinidou F. Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Study of Gender Differences in 59 Countries. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:789. [PMID: 34440995 PMCID: PMC8400641 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is strong evidence in the literature that women experience psychological disorders at significantly higher rates than men. The higher rates of psychological disorders in women may partly be attributable to gender differences in response to stressors and coping styles. The objective of this study was to contribute to the growing body of literature investigating gender differences in mental health outcomes and coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a large sample of individuals from 59 countries with variable demographic and socio-cultural characteristics. Materials and Methods: Survey data were collected from the general population following a snowball sampling method, and the survey was promoted through social media platforms and mailing lists. Participants included 6882 individuals from the general population from 59 countries around the world. A combination of both standardized and adapted measures was used to create a survey, originally in English and then translated to Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Turkish. Results: Compared with men, women presented with higher levels of trauma-related distress; had a harder time decompressing; were more depressed, anxious and stressed; showed decreased frustration tolerance and reported lower quality of sleep and an increased likelihood of taking sleep medication or other natural sleep remedies. Overall, women tended to be more vulnerable during the pandemic in developing symptoms consistent with various forms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress. However, they also were more likely than men to use a variety of adaptive coping strategies, including concentrating on doing something about the situation and getting emotional support from others. Conclusions: A high prevalence of mood symptoms was noted among women. In addition to meeting the physical health needs of the population, emphasis needs to be given to mental health and the prevention of psychiatric disorders, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yelena Goldin
- JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, USA;
| | - Kristine Kingsley
- Institute of Cognitive and Emotional Wellness, Westchester, NY 10801, USA;
| | - Elisabet Alzueta
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (E.A.); (F.C.B.)
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.C.A.-L.); (D.R.-U.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, 48015 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paul B. Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (E.A.); (F.C.B.)
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Daniela Ramos-Usuga
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.C.A.-L.); (D.R.-U.)
- Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fofi Constantinidou
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
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Cui X, He Y, Gong J, Luo X, Liu J. Epidemiology of Sleep Disturbances and Their Effect on Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Large National Study in China. Front Psychol 2021; 12:615867. [PMID: 34177685 PMCID: PMC8220290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.615867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances among Chinese people during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large national survey, analyze the relationship between sleep disturbances and mental health status, and explore the influencing factors of the relationship between sleep disturbances and mental health status. Methods: An online survey was accessed by 19,740 people throughout China from February 14 to 21, 2020. The survey included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to measure psychological distress and two questions about sleep disturbances. Logistic regression analyses and moderation analysis were performed. Results: (1) Among the 14,505 respondents included in analyses, 3,783 (26.08%) reported sleep disturbances at least 3 days during the past week. (2) Sleep disturbances increased the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.05). (3) Gender, age, education, occupation, frequency of attending to epidemic information, nervousness about supplies, receiving provisions of living necessities from the service department during the outbreak, number of correct responses to questions about the epidemic, and isolation/quarantine affected the risk of mental health problems among participants experiencing sleep disturbances (p < 0.05). (4) A moderation analysis found that sleep problems were more likely to affect depression, anxiety, and stress scores in men than women during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 outbreak, 26.08% people surveyed experienced sleep disturbances, and the presence of sleep disturbances was positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress, especially among front-line anti-epidemic workers, younger people, people living in isolation/quarantine, people with a college or greater education, and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Xuerong Luo
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Jianbo Liu
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Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050566. [PMID: 34065006 PMCID: PMC8151264 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress is common in patients with soft tissue and bone tumors. We first investigated its frequency and the associated risk factors in patients with pre-operative bone and soft tissue tumors. Participants included 298 patients with bone and soft tissue tumors who underwent surgery in our institution between 2015 and 2020. Psychological distress was evaluated by the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) that consists of two types of questions (questions about the severity of the patient's distress (DIT-D) and its impact (DIT-I)). We used a cut-off point of 4 on the DIT-D and 3 on the DIT-I for screening patients with psychological distress. We therefore investigated: (1) the prevalence of psychological distress as assessed with DIT or distress thermometer (DT), which can be decided by DIT-D ≥ 4, (2) what are the risk factors for the prevalence of psychological distress, and (3) what is the number of patients who consulted a psychiatrist for psychological distress in patients with pre-operative bone and soft tissue tumors. With DIT and DT, we identified 64 patients (21%) and 95 patients (32%), respectively, with psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age, sex (female), malignancy (malignant or intermediate tumor), a lower Barthel Index, and higher numeric rating scale were risk factors for psychological distress. Two patients (3%) consulted a psychiatrist after surgery. In conclusion, careful attention to psychological distress is needed, especially for female patients, older patients, and those with malignant soft or bone tissue tumors who have more than moderate pain.
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16
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Salehiniya H, Abbaszadeh H. Prevalence of corona-associated anxiety and mental health disorder among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:223-229. [PMID: 33825340 PMCID: PMC8250041 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of corona‐associated anxiety and mental health disorder among Iranian dentists during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods A study was conducted using online survey from May 2nd to 14th, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, anxiety (18 questions), and general health (GH) (GHQ‐28). Scoring system was based on Likert scale. The questionnaire was registered at Porsline website. Data were analyzed using t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical tests. Results A total of 320 dentists from all over the country fully completed questionnaires. 42.5% of dentist had corona‐associated anxiety and 32.5% out of them had mild severity and no severe anxiety was observed. 62.5% of dentists were nonpsychiatric according to GHQ‐28, 35% had mild disorders in GH, and no one had severe GH disorders. There were significant relationships between gender, marital status, and family history of psychiatric disorders with GH status. There was a significant relationship between history of physical illness with corona‐associated anxiety. There was a significant relationship between history of psychiatric disorders with corona‐associated anxiety and GH status. Conclusion The prevalence of corona‐associated anxiety and mental disorders in dentists was moderate; by holding psychological workshops to maintain and strengthen the morale of dentists during the corona pandemic, along with teaching them the correct way to use personal protective equipment, while maintaining the mental health of dentists, we will help them return to work and provide dental services. There was a significant relationship between history of physical illness with corona‐associated anxiety. The prevalence of corona‐associated anxiety and mental disorders in dentists was moderate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamid Abbaszadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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17
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Li Z, Yi X, Zhong M, Li Z, Xiang W, Wu S, Xiong Z. Psychological Distress, Social Support, Coping Style, and Perceived Stress Among Medical Staff and Medical Students in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:664808. [PMID: 34140903 PMCID: PMC8203804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.664808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had impact that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. The present study was aimed to better understand psychological status among medical staff and medical students during the early epidemic and to explore the influence factors of psychological distress. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from February 2-14, 2020. We collected general information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents were assessed using the Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors influencing psychological distress. Results: Five hundred and twenty-eight respondents returned valid questionnaires. Medical staff and Medical students scored averages of 6.77 ± 5.04, 15.48 ± 8.66 on the K6, 37.22 ± 11.39, 22.62 ± 11.25 on the SSRS and 18.52 ± 7.54, 28.49 ± 11.17 on the PSS, respectively. Most medical staff (279, 91.77%) and 148 medical students (66.07%) showed a positive coping style. Social support, perceived stress, hours spent watching epidemic-related information per day and frequency of epidemic-related dreams were identified as factors influencing psychological distress among medical staff and medical students. Coping style emerged as a determinant of psychological distress among medical staff. Conclusions: In the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, medical staff and medical students were at moderate to high risk of psychological distress. Our results suggest that psychological interventions designed to strengthen social support, reduce perceived stress and adopt a positive coping style may be effective at improving the mental health of medical staff and medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- The Third Department of Clinical Psychology, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - Weiyi Xiang
- The West China College of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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18
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AlRasheed MM, Al-Aqeel S, Alkadir AM, Bin Shuqiran K, Khurshid F, AlRasheed NM, Al-Kufeidy RM, Alhaj OA, Jahrami H, BaHammam AS. The Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Its Relationship to Sleep Quality in Saudi Arabia's General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:809040. [PMID: 35185640 PMCID: PMC8851311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.809040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures on sleep quality and psychological distress in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Subjective sleep quality over the preceding 30 days was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In addition, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to assess the psychological distress. RESULTS The study included 836 participants. The median age was 28 years, 624 (74.64%) were females, and 158 (18.90%) were healthcare workers. Factors associated with poor sleep were recent changes in the sleep habits p = 0.004), anxiety or fear because of coronavirus news on social media p = 0.02), fear because there was no approved drug to treat COVID-19 p = 0.03), and unaware of the presence of chronic diseases p = 0.03). Female gender p = 0.02), fear or anxiety because of coronavirus news on social media p = 0.04), recent change in sleep habits (OR: 1.97 (1.15-3.39); p = 0.01), fear because there is no approved drug to treat COVID-19 p = 0.001), monthly income <1000 SR p = 0.01), and isolation p = 0.01) were associated with distress. PSQI and K10 scores were significantly correlated p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Poor sleep and psychological distress are common during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Identifying factors associated with poor sleep and psychological distress would help develop specific intervention programs that enhance mental health and sleep quality during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinaa Al-Aqeel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alkadir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood Bin Shuqiran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowad Khurshid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M AlRasheed
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua M Al-Kufeidy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Molecular Immunology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Centre, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092859. [PMID: 32899622 PMCID: PMC7564698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, minor daily hassles, emotional coping style and social support, whereas men scored higher than women in rational and detachment coping styles and in self-esteem. Psychological distress was significantly predicted in women and men by high emotional coping style, lower self-esteem, high number of life events, and less social support. Another statistically significant predictor in men was less detachment coping style, whereas in women it was high chronic stress. The results of this research are relevant to healthcare professionals interested in improving the mental health of the emerging adult.
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20
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Vagni M, Maiorano T, Giostra V, Pajardi D. Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566912. [PMID: 33013603 PMCID: PMC7494735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the psychological distress of health workers. Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. We study differences between healthcare (n = 121) and emergency workers (n = 89) in terms of their coping strategies, emergency stress, and secondary trauma, as well as the relationships of these differences to demographic variables and other stress factors (Instructions and Equipment). For this purpose, we collected data from participants through the following questionnaires online: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale - Italian Version, The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form, an original questionnaire on stressors, and the Emergency Stress Questionnaire (to assess organizational-relational, physical, decisional inefficacy, emotional, cognitive, and COVID-19 stress). We performed a t-test, correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression. The analyses reveal that compared with the emergency worker group, the health worker group has greater levels of emergency stress and arousal and is more willing to use problem-focused coping. Healthcare workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19 are exposed to a large degree of stress and could experience secondary trauma; hence, it is essential to plan prevention strategies for future pandemic situations. Moreover, individual efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against stress and secondary trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Vagni
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Giostra
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pajardi
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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21
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The Importance of Work-Related Events and Changes in Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction amongst Young Workers in Spain: A Gender Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134697. [PMID: 32629853 PMCID: PMC7370006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A relentless stream of social, technological, and economic changes have impacted the workplace, affecting young people in particular. Such changes can be a major source of stress and can cause a threat to health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to understand the importance of work-related events and changes in the psychological distress and life satisfaction of young workers in Spain. A transversal study was carried out on a sample comprising 509 men and 396 women aged between 26 and 35 years old. The results showed that there were no differences between the men and women in the number of work-related events and changes experienced in the last 12 months, nor in terms of job satisfaction. The results from the multiple regression analysis showed that a greater number of work-related events and changes experienced during the last 12 months were associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction amongst men, but this was not the case for women. Although job satisfaction was independent from the men and women’s psychological distress when self-esteem and social support was included in the regression equation, greater job satisfaction was associated with greater life satisfaction for both men and women. It concludes that work-related events and job satisfaction are important for the health and well-being of young people, even though a larger number of work-related events and changes is associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction for men only.
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22
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Wang H, Xia Q, Xiong Z, Li Z, Xiang W, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Li Z. The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233410. [PMID: 32407409 PMCID: PMC7224553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population's psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1-4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors of psychological distress. General population's psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p = 0.316). The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis found that marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, perceived impacts of the epidemic and coping style were the influence factors of psychological distress (all p <0.001). Epidemic of COVID-19 caused high level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological interventions should be implemented early, especially for those general population with such characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Wang
- The Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xia
- The Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- The Third Department of Clinical Psychology, Karamay Municipal People’s Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weiyi Xiang
- The West China College of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- The Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaya Liu
- The Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Zun Yi Psychiatric Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- The Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Silva WLFD, Paula GLD, Gomes LC, Cruz DTD. Prevalência de sofrimento psíquico em pessoas idosas: um estudo de base comunitária. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562020023.200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos Verificar a prevalência do sofrimento psíquico em uma população de idosos da comunidade e analisar a sua correlação com idade, anos de escolaridade, nível socioeconômico, sexo, morbidade referida, autopercepção de saúde, autopercepção visual, autopercepção auditiva e síndromes geriátricas (fragilidade, medo de cair, capacidade funcional e quedas). Método Estudo transversal com 315 idosos, não institucionalizados, residentes em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2015. Os dados foram coletados através de inquérito domiciliar e o sofrimento psíquico pode ser observado naquela população idosa com a aplicação do Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Para verificar a associação da variável desfecho com as variáveis explicativas, usou-se teste qui-quadrado (χ²) de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado no estudo foi de 5%. Resultados A prevalência de sofrimento psíquico entre os idosos foi de 41,8% (IC95% 36,5–47,4%). Verificou-se associação entre o PHQ-4 e sexo (ρ=0,001), morbidade referida (ρ=0,020), autopercepção de saúde (ρ<0,001), autopercepção visual (ρ=0,001), autopercepção auditiva (ρ=0,034), capacidade funcional (ρ=0,003) e fragilidade (ρ=0,000) Conclusões o sofrimento psíquico é uma condição frequente entre idosos. O conhecimento dos fatores associados a esse evento pode contribuir para um modelo de cuidado em saúde que estimule o envelhecimento ativo e saudável.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle Teles da Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil
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Matud MP, López-Curbelo M, Fortes D. Gender and Psychological Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193531. [PMID: 31547223 PMCID: PMC6801582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research has consistently reported gender differences in mental health, but studies on differences in psychological well-being between women and men have not yielded conclusive results. The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of gender to the psychological well-being of adult individuals. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 1700 men and 1700 women from the general Spanish population was conducted. Their ages ranged from 21 to 64 years, and they were assessed with Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results: Men scored higher than women in self-acceptance and autonomy, and women scored higher than men in personal growth and positive relations with others. The most relevant variable in the psychological well-being of both women and men was high masculinity. Other relevant variables in women’s well-being were high femininity, not having a manual occupation, not being homemakers, and professional occupation. Men´s well-being also was higher in professional men and in men with a skilled non-manual occupation, men with high femininity and men who were not single, divorced or widowed. Conclusions: Adherence to traditional gender roles is relevant to the psychological well-being of women and men, and women and men whose self-concept includes both masculine-instrumental and feminine-expressive characteristics have greater well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Matud
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38207 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Marisela López-Curbelo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38207 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Demelza Fortes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38207 La Laguna, Spain.
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