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Villarreal-Granda P, Recio-Platero A, Martín-Bayo Y, Durantez-Fernández C, Cárdaba-García RM, Pérez-Pérez L, Madrigal M, Muñoz-del Caz A, Olea E, Bahillo Ruiz E, Jiménez-Navascués L, Velasco-Gonzalez V. Models Used by Nurse Case Managers in Different Autonomous Communities in Spain: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:749. [PMID: 38610172 PMCID: PMC11011987 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The role of the nurse case manager is unknown to the population. The main objective is to analyze the existing differences within the national territory in order to make known the situation in Spain with a view to the recognition of its functions and the creation of the professional profile in an equal manner. (2) Methods: A scoping review was conducted in order to achieve the main aim. Selected articles were subjected to a critical reading, and the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation of the Joanna Briggs Institute were verified. The search field was limited to the last ten years. (3) Results: Case management models are heterogeneous in different autonomous communities in Spain. Case nurse management is qualified for high-complexity patients, follow up on chronic patients, and coordinate health assistance. (4) Conclusions: It concludes that nursing's role is crucial in the field of case management, being required in the follow-up of chronic patients of high complexity. Despite the proven health benefits, efficacy, and efficiency of case management, there are many heterogeneous models that coexist in Spain. This involves a restriction in the development of a nursing career because of the lack of a definition of its functions and competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Villarreal-Granda
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
| | - Amada Recio-Platero
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Terapias Avanzadas, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Yara Martín-Bayo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
- Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Madrigal
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
| | - Alba Muñoz-del Caz
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid (UVa-CSIC), 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esther Bahillo Ruiz
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Lourdes Jiménez-Navascués
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.V.-G.); (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.M.-d.C.); (E.O.); (V.V.-G.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (E.B.R.); (L.J.-N.)
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Navalpotro-Pascual S, Matellán-Hernández MP, Pastor-Benito E, Soto-Cámara R, Cárdaba-García RM, García-Santa-Basilia N, Onrubia-Baticón H, Mahtani-Chugani V. Experiences of Spanish out-of-hospital emergency workers with high levels of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:15. [PMID: 38291523 PMCID: PMC10826038 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had a major psychological impact on health care workers (HCWs). This study was embedded in a larger quantitative study on the mental health care of out-of-hospital HCWs in Spain. To better understand this, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences, coping strategies, and influencing factors of out-of-hospital HCWs who scored high (> 25 points) on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a previous quantitative mental health study. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted using six in-depth interviews with individuals who scored high on the depression scale and agreed to be contacted by email between May and June 2021, using the phenomenological approach. The data were analysed using Brawn and Clare's method. RESULTS The main results findings related to four themes. The emotional impact of assuming a professional role with high self-demands and responsibilities; Factors influencing the development of negative emotions such as the cruelty of the pandemic, the helplessness in relation to health management and policy, the changing role of the professional and the relationship with society; Personal protection through coping strategies to manage negative emotions such as support from colleagues and family; Good practices for the future looking for different management strategies that can influence individuals and their personal, professional, and social relationships. CONCLUSION The strong impact of the circumstances experienced points to the need to develop psychological support programmes that can protect people's mental health from depression during a crisis and improve the relationship between workers and their managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid-SUMMA 112, Madrid, Spain.
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla and León-Sacyl, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Pastor-Benito
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid-SUMMA 112, Madrid, Spain
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla and León-Sacyl, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cárdaba-García
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research Group (GICE), Department of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Noemi García-Santa-Basilia
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla and León-Sacyl, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Henar Onrubia-Baticón
- Prehospital Emergency Research Network (RINVEMER), Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla and León-Sacyl, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vinita Mahtani-Chugani
- Healthcare Quality Assessment and Information Systems Service, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
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Molina-Oliva M, Martín-Sánchez R, Pastor-Benito E, Soto-Cámara R, Cárdaba-García RM, Thuissard IJ, Fernández-Domínguez JJ, Matellán-Hernández MP, Navalpotro-Pascual S, Morales-Sánchez A. Influence of Previous Mental State on Psychological Outcomes of Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3574. [PMID: 36834266 PMCID: PMC9962449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe factors relating to the psychological distress of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spanish out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS), according to the previous or non-use of psychotropic drugs or psychotherapy. A multicentre, cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. The study population were all physicians, nurses, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) working in any Spanish out-of-hospital EMS between February and April 2021. The main outcomes were the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy, assessed by DASS-21 and G-SES. Differences in levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy, according to sex, age, previous use of psychotropic drug or psychotherapy, work experience, professional category, type of work, and modification of working conditions were measured using the Student's t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, or 2-factor analysis of covariance. A total of 1636 HCWs were included, of whom one in three had severe mental disorders because of the pandemic. The interaction of the previous or non-use of psychotropic drugs or psychotherapy with the rest of the factors considered did not modify the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. However, HCWs with a history of psychotropic drug or psychotherapy use had a more intense negative emotional response and lower self-efficacy, regardless of their sex, professional category, type of work, or change in the working conditions. These HCWs are considered particularly vulnerable to the development or recurrence of new disorders or other comorbidities; therefore, the implementation of monitoring and follow-up strategies should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Molina-Oliva
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Sánchez
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Pastor-Benito
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid–SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Israel John Thuissard
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Fernández-Domínguez
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid–SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Service, HLA Moncloa University Hospital, 28080 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid–SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 2029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Morales-Sánchez
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León–Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain
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Valverde-Pérez E, Prieto-Lloret J, Gonzalez-Obeso E, Cabero MI, Nieto ML, Pablos MI, Obeso A, Gomez-Niño A, Cárdaba-García RM, Rocher A, Olea E. Effects of Gestational Intermittent Hypoxia on Placental Morphology and Fetal Development in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1427:73-81. [PMID: 37322337 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32371-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is characterized by episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, resulting in adverse health outcomes for mother and offspring. Despite a prevalence of 8-20% in pregnant women, this disorder is often underdiagnosed.We have developed a murine model of gestational OSA to study IH effects on pregnant mothers, placentas, fetuses, and offspring. One group of pregnant rats was exposed to IH during the last 2 weeks of gestation (GIH). One day before the delivery date, a cesarean section was performed. Other group of pregnant rats was allowed to give birth at term to study offspring's evolution.Preliminary results showed no significant weight differences in mothers and fetuses. However, the weight of GIH male offspring was significantly lower than the controls at 14 days (p < 0.01). The morphological study of the placentas showed an increase in fetal capillary branching, expansion of maternal blood spaces, and number of cells of the external trophectoderm in the tissues from GIH-exposed mothers. Additionally, the placentas from the experimental males were enlarged (p < 0.05). Further studies are needed to follow the long-term evolution of these changes to relate the histological findings of the placentas with functional development of the offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Valverde-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elvira Gonzalez-Obeso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María I Cabero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria L Nieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta I Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Niño
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cárdaba-García
- Departamento de Enfermería, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Enfermeros (GICE), Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Asunción Rocher
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
- Departamento de Enfermería, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Enfermeros (GICE), Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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de Dios-Duarte MJ, Arias A, Durantez-Fernández C, Niño Martín V, Olea E, Barba-Pérez MÁ, Pérez-Pérez L, Cárdaba-García RM, Barrón A. Flare-Ups in Crohn's Disease: Influence of Stress and the External Locus of Control. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192013131. [PMID: 36293710 PMCID: PMC9603201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore the role of perceived stress and the health locus of control in Crohn's disease and their influence upon the development of flare-ups of this disease. (2) Methods: Stress and the external locus of control were evaluated in a sample of 64 Crohn's patients (flare-up phase versus latency phase). The perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and the multidimensional health locus of control scale were the measurement instruments used. (3) Results: The results indicate that the patients have high stress levels during a flare-up (26.13; 27.44; 28.79; 29.67); high stress levels (28.07; 29.67; 27.44; 28.07) if they have a high external locus of control; and that the external locus of control and stress levels have a significant influence upon the existence of flare-ups in those patients with low external locus of control levels (χ2 = 11.127; df = 1: p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Actions aimed at reducing stress and external locus of control levels are necessary in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José de Dios-Duarte
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Social Work Department, Faculty of Social Work, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-42-31-09
| | - Virtudes Niño Martín
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Health Service of Castilla y León (SACYL), 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Barba-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Health Service of Castilla y León (SACYL), 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Health Service of Castilla y León (SACYL), 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Barrón
- Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Nieto-Galván R, Durantez-Fernández C, Madrigal MÁ, Niño-Martín V, Olea E, Barba-Pérez MÁ, Cárdaba-García RM, Frutos M, Pérez-Pérez L. Nurse Intervention: Attitudes and Knowledge About Organ Donation and Transplantation in Adolescents. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1697-1700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Cárdaba-García RM, Durantez-Fernández C, Pérez LP, Barba-Pérez MÁ, Olea E. What Do We Know Today about Long COVID? Nursing Care for a New Clinical Syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148642. [PMID: 35886491 PMCID: PMC9317186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent COVID, long COVID, long-effects, long-term effects or chronic COVID are all names of a new syndrome caused by a set of multi-organ symptoms that appear after having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain;
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (L.P.P.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Pérez Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (L.P.P.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Barba-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (L.P.P.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (L.P.P.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Pastor-Robles MB, Mayo-Íscar A, Cárdaba-García RM, Niño-Martín V. Quality of Life in Women over 65 Years of Age Diagnosed with Osteoporosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095745. [PMID: 35565140 PMCID: PMC9100229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Today’s society is moving towards active aging, underlining the importance of understanding and improving quality of life (QoL). This QoL in women over the age of 65 years diagnosed with osteoporosis was compared with the QoL of the general population, and risk factors for osteoporosis related to QoL were identified. (2) Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a personal interview. The study population was 704 women over 65 years of age diagnosed with osteoporosis as of 1 November 2018, based on medical records from four health centers of the eastern Valladolid urban health area. This was a random sample of 247 women stratified by health center. Information on osteoporosis risk factors, comorbidities, daily lifestyle habits, and QoL assessed with the EQ-5D was collected. QoL was modeled using sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and clinical variables. (3) Results: Women with osteoporosis had a positive perception of their health (EQ-5D% VAS 64.9 ± 18.31). High EQ-5D QoL scores were obtained on the dimensions of mobility: 51.6% [95% CI (44.2%, 58.9%)]; self-care: 75.3% [95% CI (68.5%, 81.2%)]; activities of daily living: 71.4% [95% CI (64.4%, 77.6%)]; pain/discomfort: 25.8% [95% CI (19.8%, 32.6%)]; and anxiety/depression: 53.8% [95% CI (46.4%, 61.0%)]. (4) Conclusions: The QoL of the study group was no worse than the QoL of the general population, except for pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Age, highest educational level reached, inflammatory diseases, physical activity, and insomnia were independent predictors of QoL in women with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Pastor-Robles
- Castilla y León Blood Therapy and Donation Center, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-900-405-060
| | - Agustín Mayo-Íscar
- Department of Statistics and Operational, Research and Mathematics Institute, University of Valladolid (IMUVA), 47007 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (V.N.-M.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE—Grupo de Investigación de Cuidados de Enfermería), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Emergencies Management (SACYL—Sanidad Castilla y León), 40002 Segovia, Spain
| | - Virtudes Niño-Martín
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (V.N.-M.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE—Grupo de Investigación de Cuidados de Enfermería), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid East (SACYL), 47010 Valladolid, Spain
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9
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Soto-Cámara R, Navalpotro-Pascual S, Jiménez-Alegre JJ, García-Santa-Basilia N, Onrubia-Baticón H, Navalpotro-Pascual JM, Thuissard IJ, Fernández-Domínguez JJ, Matellán-Hernández MP, Pastor-Benito E, Polo-Portes CE, Cárdaba-García RM. Influence of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 Cases on the Mental Health of the Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082227. [PMID: 35456319 PMCID: PMC9027086 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the psychological affectation of health professionals (HPs) of Spanish Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) according to the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID-19 cases in the regions in which they worked. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, including all HPs working in any EMS of the Spanish geography between 1 February 2021 and 30 April 2021. Their level of stress, anxiety and depression (DASS-21) and the perception of self-efficacy (G-SES) were the study’s main results. A 2-factor analysis of covariance was used to determine if the CI regions of COVID-19 cases determined the psychological impact on each of the studied variables. A total of 1710 HPs were included. A third presented psychological impairment classified as severe. The interaction of CI regions with the studied variables did not influence their levels of stress, anxiety, depression or self-efficacy. Women, younger HPs or those with less EMS work experience, emergency medical technicians (EMT), workers who had to modify their working conditions or those who lived with minors or dependents suffered a greater impact from the COVID-19 pandemic in certain regions. These HPs have shown high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and medium levels of self-efficacy, with similar data in the different geographical areas. Psychological support is essential to mitigate their suffering and teach them to react to adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (N.G.-S.-B.); (H.O.-B.); (M.P.M.-H.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.N.-P.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - José Julio Jiménez-Alegre
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí García-Santa-Basilia
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
| | - Henar Onrubia-Baticón
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
| | - José M. Navalpotro-Pascual
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel John Thuissard
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Fernández-Domínguez
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Service, HLA Moncloa University Hospital, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
| | - Elena Pastor-Benito
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Eduardo Polo-Portes
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER), Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.M.N.-P.); (I.J.T.); (J.J.F.-D.); (E.P.-B.); (C.E.P.-P.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.N.-P.); (R.M.C.-G.)
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10
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Soto-Cámara R, García-Santa-Basilia N, Onrubia-Baticón H, Cárdaba-García RM, Jiménez-Alegre JJ, Reques-Marugán AM, Molina-Oliva M, Fernández-Domínguez JJ, Matellán-Hernández MP, Morales-Sanchez A, Navalpotro-Pascual S. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Out-of-Hospital Health Professionals: A Living Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235578. [PMID: 34884280 PMCID: PMC8658089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Health professionals (HPs), especially those working in the front line, have been one of the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify the best available scientific evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of out-of-hospital HPs in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. A living systematic review of the literature was designed, consulting the electronic online versions of the CINHAL, Cochrane Library, Cuiden, IBECS, JBI, LILACS, Medline PyscoDoc, PsycoINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2021. Original research was selected, published in either English, Spanish, French, Italian, or Portuguese. In total, 2082 publications were identified, of which 16 were included in this review. The mental health of out-of-hospital HPs was affected. Being a woman or having direct contact with patients showing suspicious signs of COVID-19 or confirmed cases were the factors related to a greater risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety; in the case of depressive symptoms, it was having a clinical history of illnesses that could weaken their defenses against infection. Stopping unpleasant emotions and thoughts was the coping strategy most frequently used by these HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Noemí García-Santa-Basilia
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - Henar Onrubia-Baticón
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - José Julio Jiménez-Alegre
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
| | - Ana María Reques-Marugán
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - María Molina-Oliva
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | | | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Almudena Morales-Sanchez
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
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11
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Martínez-Caballero CM, Cárdaba-García RM, Varas-Manovel R, García-Sanz LM, Martínez-Piedra J, Fernández-Carbajo JJ, Pérez-Pérez L, Madrigal-Fernández MA, Barba-Pérez MÁ, Olea E, Durantez-Fernández C, Herrero-Frutos MT. Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Trauma on Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Emergency Medical Workers in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18179132. [PMID: 34501726 PMCID: PMC8431006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic presented the characteristics of a traumatic event that could trigger post-traumatic stress disorder. Emergency Medical Services workers are already a high-risk group due to their professional development. The research project aimed to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EMS professionals in terms of their mental health. For this purpose, we present a descriptive crosssectional study with survey methodology. A total of 317 EMS workers (doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians) were recruited voluntarily. Psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and insomnia were assessed. The instruments were the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS-8), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-8). We found that 36% of respondents had psychological distress, 30.9% potentially had PTSD, and 60.9% experienced insomnia. Years of work experience were found to be positively correlated, albeit with low effect, with the PTSD score (r = 0.133). Finally, it can be stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has been a traumatic event for EMS workers. The number of professionals presenting psychological distress, possible PTSD, or insomnia increased dramatically during the early phases of the pandemic. This study highlights the need for mental health disorder prevention programmes for EMS workers in the face of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Martínez-Caballero
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocío Varas-Manovel
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Laura M. García-Sanz
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | | | - Juan J. Fernández-Carbajo
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Madrigal-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Barba-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M. Teresa Herrero-Frutos
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: or
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12
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Cárdaba-García RM, Pérez Pérez L, Niño Martín V, Cárdaba-García I, Durantez-Fernández C, Olea E. Evaluation of the Risk of Anxiety and/or Depression during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Central Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115732. [PMID: 34071791 PMCID: PMC8199479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The confinement of the population in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was related to an increased risk of suffering from anxiety and/or depression in previous studies with other populations. (2) Methods: descriptive study using surveys (Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale) with 808 participants over 18 years of age between 14 and 20 of May 2020 during the confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Spain. (3) Results: 63% of the participants were at risk of suffering from anxiety and 64.9% were at risk of depression. Variables reaching statistical significance were: age (t anxiety = -0.139 and t depression = -0.153), gender (t anxiety = -4.152 and t depression = -4.178), marital status (anxiety F = 2.893 and depression F = 3.011), symptoms compatible with COVID-19 (t anxiety = -4.177 and t depression = -3.791), previous need for psychological help (t anxiety = -5.385 and t depression = -7.136) and need for such help at the time of the study (t anxiety = -9.144 and depression = -10.995). In addition, we generated two regression models that estimate the risk of anxiety and depression. (4) Conclusions: more than half of the participants were at risk of suffering from anxiety and/or depression, confirming the negative effect of confinement on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Cárdaba-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.P.); (V.N.M.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain
| | - Lucia Pérez Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.P.); (V.N.M.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virtudes Niño Martín
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.P.); (V.N.M.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid East (SACYL), 47010 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-72-1010 (ext. 5678)
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (R.M.C.-G.); (L.P.P.); (V.N.M.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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