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Stosic MB, Kaljevic J, Nikolic B, Tanaskovic M, Kolarov A. Smart Anklet Use to Measure Vascular Health Benefits of Preventive Intervention in a Nature-Based Environment-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:605. [PMID: 38791819 PMCID: PMC11121026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the associations between nature-based intervention and peripheral pulse characteristics of patients with PAOD using new smart technology specifically designed for this purpose. A longitudinal panel study performed between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 included 32 patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) who were treated in the vascular surgeons' hospital "Dobb" in Valjevo. These patients were exposed for six months to moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) in a nature-based environment. They practiced 150 to 300 min of walking 6 km/h and cycling activities (16-20 km/h) weekly as recommended for patients with chronic conditions and those living with disability. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with major improvements in peripheral pulse characteristics of patients with PAOD. After six months of MPA, half of the patients (50%, 16/32) achieved minor, and half of them major improvements in peripheral pulse characteristics. The major improvements were associated with current smoking (OR = 9.53; 95%CI = 1.85-49.20), diabetes (OR = 4.84; 95%CI = 1.09-21.58) and cardiac failure, and concurrent pulmonary disease and diabetes (OR = 2.03; 95%CI = 1.01-4.11). Our pilot study showed that patients with PAOD along with other chronic conditions and risk factors benefited more from continuous physical activity in a nature-based environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja B. Stosic
- Faculty for Health and Business Studies, Singidunum University, 14000 Valjevo, Serbia; (J.K.); (B.N.)
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut”, Department for HIV, Hepatitis, STIs and Tuberculosis, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kaljevic
- Faculty for Health and Business Studies, Singidunum University, 14000 Valjevo, Serbia; (J.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Bojan Nikolic
- Faculty for Health and Business Studies, Singidunum University, 14000 Valjevo, Serbia; (J.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Marko Tanaskovic
- Faculty for Technical Science, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Kolarov
- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering Center, Ewing, NJ 07102, USA;
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Berntzen BJ, Tolvanen A, Kujala UM, Silventoinen K, Vuoksimaa E, Kaprio J, Aaltonen S. Longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles throughout adulthood and related characteristics: a 36-year follow-up study of the older Finnish Twin Cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:47. [PMID: 38671483 PMCID: PMC11046842 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized interventions aiming to increase physical activity in individuals are effective. However, from a public health perspective, it would be important to stimulate physical activity in larger groups of people who share the vulnerability to be physically inactive throughout adulthood. To find these high-risk groups, we identified 36-year leisure-time physical activity profiles from young adulthood to late midlife in females and males. Moreover, we uncovered which anthropometric-, demographic-, lifestyle-, and health-related characteristics were associated with these physical activity profiles. METHODS We included 2,778 females and 1,938 males from the population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort Study, who responded to health and behavior surveys at the mean ages of 24, 30, 40 and 60. Latent profile analysis was used to identify longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles. RESULTS We found five longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles for both females and males. Females' profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Moderate stable (23%), 3) Very low increasing low (20%), 4) Low stable (20%) and 5) High increasing high (9%). Males' profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Low stable very low (26%), 3) Moderate decreasing low (21%), 4) High fluctuating high (17%) and 5) Very low stable (8%). In both females and males, lower leisure-time physical activity profiles were associated with lower education, higher body mass index, smoking, poorer perceived health, higher sedentary time, high blood pressure, and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, lower leisure-time physical activity was linked to a higher risk of depression in females. CONCLUSIONS We found several longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles with unique changes in both sexes. Fewer profiles in females than in males remained or became low physically active during the 36-year follow-up. We observed that lower education, higher body mass index, and more smoking already in young adulthood were associated with low leisure-time physical activity profiles. However, the fact that several longitudinal profiles demonstrated a change in their physical activity behavior over time implies the potential for public health interventions to improve leisure-time physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram J Berntzen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Centre for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 42, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Jongenelis MI, Thoonen KAHJ. Factors associated with susceptibility to e-cigarette use among Australian adolescents. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 122:104249. [PMID: 37918316 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing uptake of e-cigarette use among adolescents is critical to minimizing vaping-related harms. To inform the development of effective prevention programs and policies, this study explored potential determinants of susceptibility to e-cigarette use among young Australians. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 12- to 17-year-old Australians who had never smoked nor vaped (N = 973; 53 % women). The survey assessed susceptibility to e-cigarette use (curiosity about use, willingness to use, and intentions to use) and a comprehensive range of potential correlates that included individual, social, and environmental factors. Regression analyses were conducted to identify factors significantly correlated with each of the dependent variables. RESULTS Susceptibility to e-cigarette use was observed in 45 % of respondents. Individual factors associated with susceptibility included respondents' (i) overall opinion of e-cigarettes, (ii) attitudes toward e-cigarettes, (iii) affect regulation expectancies, and (iv) quitting perceptions. Significant social factors included both descriptive and injunctive norms, specifically: perceiving that use is ok for people of one's age, approval from important others to use, and having at least one family member or close friend who vapes. CONCLUSION Susceptibility to vaping was observed in a substantial proportion of adolescents who have never smoked. Shifting attitudes and social norms around e-cigarette use appears critical to reducing susceptibility. Recommended prevention efforts include the development of communications addressing misperceptions about the benefits of vaping on affect regulation and stricter regulations on e-cigarette advertising to reduce young Australians' exposure to claims that may result in favourable attitudes to e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Karlijn A H J Thoonen
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Le MH, Le DM, Baez TC, Wu Y, Ito T, Lee EY, Lee K, Stave CD, Henry L, Barnett SD, Cheung R, Nguyen MH. Global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies and 1,201,807 persons. J Hepatol 2023; 79:287-295. [PMID: 37040843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. We aimed to estimate the pooled global NAFLD incidence. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of adults without NAFLD at baseline to evaluate the global incidence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. RESULTS A total of 63 eligible studies (1,201,807 persons) were analyzed. Studies were from Mainland China/Hong Kong (n = 26), South Korea (n = 22), Japan (n = 14), other (n = 2, Sri Lanka, Israel); 63.8% were clinical center studies; median study year 2000 to 2016; 87% were good quality. Among the 1,201,807 persons at risk, 242,568 persons developed NAFLD, with an incidence rate of 4,612.8 (95% CI 3,931.5-5,294.2) per 100,000 person-years and no statistically significant differences by study sample size (p = 0.90) or study setting (p = 0.055). Males had higher incidence vs. females (5,943.8 vs. 3,671.7, p = 0.0013). Both the obese (vs. non-obese) and the overweight/obese groups (vs. normal weight) were about threefold more likely to develop NAFLD (8,669.6 vs. 2,963.9 and 8,416.6 vs. 3,358.2, respectively) (both p <0.0001). Smokers had higher incidence than non-smokers (8,043.2 vs. 4,689.7, p = 0.046). By meta-regression, adjusting for study year, study setting, and study location, study period of 2010 or after and study setting were associated with increased incidence (p = 0.010 and p = 0.055, respectively). By country, China had a higher NAFLD incidence compared to non-China regions (p = 0.012) and Japan a lower incidence compared to non-Japan regions (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD incidence is increasing with a current estimate of 4,613 new cases per 100,000 person-years. Males and overweight/obese individuals had significantly higher incidence rates compared to females and those of normal weight. Public health interventions for prevention of NAFLD are needed with a special emphasis on males, overweight/obese individuals, and higher risk regions. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 30% of people worldwide and appears to be increasing, but data to estimate the incidence rate are limited. In this meta-analytic study of over 1.2 million people, we estimated an incidence rate of NAFLD of 46.13 per 1,000 person-years with significant differences by sex, BMI, geography, and time-period. As treatment options for NAFLD remain limited, prevention of NAFLD should remain the focus of public health strategies. Studies such as these can help policy makers in determining which and whether their interventions are impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David M Le
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Thomas C Baez
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Yuankai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eunice Y Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Stave
- Lane Medical Library, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Linda Henry
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Barnett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Guo Y. Nicotine dependence affects cardiopulmonary endurance and physical activity in college students in Henan, China. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:86. [PMID: 37360041 PMCID: PMC10288961 DOI: 10.18332/tid/166133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the impact of smoking on physical activity level, emotional status, and cardiopulmonary endurance in healthy young Chinese college students in order to develop future nicotine dependence management solutions. METHODS This survey-based study was conducted in college students aged 19-26 years who were currently smoking. Cardio-respiratory endurance was assessed by estimating VO2max. Participants were given a questionnaire containing five factors from the Cigarette Dependence Scale-5 (CDS-5), also assessed were variables for physical activity level, using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and emotional status. The sports training behavior was assessed using the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S). RESULTS A total of 400 participants were randomly selected and included in the study. All of them were current smokers. The highest percentage of participants had a score of 4 on the CDS-5 (n=93, 23.2%), scored 3-5 on each module of sports training, and experienced negative emotions, particularly depression (n=172; 43.0%) and anger (n=162; 40.5%). VO2max levels were significantly lower in participants with high nicotine dependence (CDS-5 score 4-5), and they correlated negatively with CDS-5 scores (r= -0.883, p<0.001). Nicotine dependence scores were negatively correlated with physical activity levels (r= -0.830, p<0.001), and high nicotine dependence scores were independently related to low physical activity (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=14.66; 95% CI: 4.98-43.19 , p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking has a negative impact on emotional status. It also reduces cardiopulmonary endurance by reducing VO2max levels and negatively affects physical activity. Accordingly, it is critical to implement effective tobacco prevention programs for college students, such as a smoking warning system and physical exercise training, as well as to educate them on how to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Guo
- School of Physical Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
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Luksiene D, Jasiukaitiene V, Radisauskas R, Tamosiunas A, Bobak M. Prognostic Implications of Physical Activity on Mortality from Ischaemic Heart Disease: Longitudinal Cohort Study Data. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4218. [PMID: 37445253 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of physical inactivity has been rising in many countries in recent years, adding to the burden of non-communicable diseases and affecting overall health worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the comprehensive assessment of the prognostic value of physical activity in leisure time on mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) by gender separately for those respondents who were diagnosed with IHD and for those who were not diagnosed with IHD in their baseline health survey. METHODS In the baseline survey (2006-2008), 7100 men and women ages 45-72 were examined within the framework of the international study Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE). A total of 6770 participants were available for statistical analysis (after excluding 330 respondents due to missing information on study variables). Physical activity was determined by leisure-time physical activities (hours/week). All participants in the baseline survey were followed up for IHD mortality events until 31 December 2018. RESULTS Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, it was found that moderate and higher levels of physical activity significantly reduced the risk of IHD mortality (HR = 0.54, p = 0.016 and HR = 0.60, p = 0.031, respectively) in men who were not diagnosed with IHD at baseline compared with physically inactive subjects. It was found that among men and women who were diagnosed with IHD at baseline, physical activity reduced the risk of mortality from IHD compared with those who were physically inactive (HR = 0.54, p = 0.021 and HR = 0.41, p = 0.025, respectively). Using mediation analysis, it was found that physical activity directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality (p < 0.05) in men and women. CONCLUSION High physical activity was a significant factor that directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality in men, regardless of whether subjects had IHD at baseline or not. However, only moderate physical activity was a significant factor that directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality in the women group with IHD at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Luksiene
- Laboratory of Population Studies of Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Jasiukaitiene
- Laboratory of Population Studies of Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Radisauskas
- Laboratory of Population Studies of Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Laboratory of Population Studies of Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Lin SY, Zhou W, Koch JR, Barnes AJ, Yang R, Xue H. The Association Between Tobacco Retailer Outlet Density and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Virginia. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:36-42. [PMID: 35752162 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the association between tobacco retail outlet density and adult smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia, controlling for spatial autocorrelations. AIMS AND METHODS Pooling data from 2020 County Health Rankings (compiled data from various sources including, but not limited to, the National Center for Health Statistics-Mortality Files, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the American Community Survey) and Counter Tools, we conducted regression analyses that accounted for spatial autocorrelation (spatial lag models, LMlag) and adjusted for county-level access to healthcare, demographics, SES, environmental factors, risk conditions or behaviors, and population health measures. RESULTS Our estimates provide evidence that every increase of one tobacco retail outlet per 1000 persons was associated with 1.16 percentage points (95% CI: 0.80-1.52) higher smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia after controlling for spatial autocorrelation. The effect of outlet density was largely explained by social determinants of health such as SES, risky conditions or behaviors, and environmental factors. We further noticed that the impact of social determinants of health were closely related and can be explained by indicators of population health (rates of mental distress (β = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31-1.67) and physical inactivity (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.10). CONCLUSIONS Although higher tobacco outlet density was associated with an increase in county-level smoking prevalence, the impact of outlet density was largely explained by social determinants of health and mental illness. Improving well-being at the community level could be a promising strategy in future tobacco control policies. IMPLICATION The influence of tobacco outlet density seems to be explained by other social determinants of health and population level of mental or physical health. Thus, efforts to reduce tobacco use and consequent negative health effects should explore the impact of improving regional living standards. However, a sole focus on economic growth may not be sufficient, whereas a focus on such things as promoting work-life balance and improving overall well-being at the community level may be more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yu Lin
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - J Randy Koch
- Department of Psychology and the Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ruixin Yang
- Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Perrier F, Ghiasvand R, Lergenmuller S, Robsahm TE, Green AC, Borch KB, Sandanger TM, Weiderpass E, Rueegg CS, Veierød MB. Life-Course Trajectories of Physical Activity and Melanoma Risk in a Large Cohort of Norwegian Women. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1571-1584. [PMID: 36578536 PMCID: PMC9791937 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s382454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone in disease prevention and varies throughout life. A pooled analysis of cohort studies and a meta-analysis of cohort studies found positive associations between PA and melanoma risk. However, previous studies focused on PA at specific ages and often lacked information on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Using the population-based Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort, including information on PA and UVR exposure, we estimated life-course PA trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and their associations with melanoma. Methods Total PA across different domains (recreation, occupation, transport, household) was reported for ages 14 and 30 years, and when responding to the questionnaire (31-76 years) using a 10-point scale, validated to rank PA levels in Norwegian females. We estimated life-course PA trajectories using a latent class mixed model in 152,248 women divided into three subcohorts depending on age at questionnaire completion: 31-39 (n = 27,098), 40-49 (n = 52,515) and ≥50 years (n = 72,635). The unique 11-digit identity number of Norwegian citizens was used to link NOWAC to the Cancer Registry of Norway for information on cancer diagnoses, emigration and death. Associations between PA trajectories and melanoma risk were estimated in each subcohort using multivariable Cox regression. Results Five classes of individual life-course PA trajectories were identified in subcohort 31-39 years (low, moderate, high, decreasing, increasing PA) and four in subcohorts 40-49 and ≥50 years (low, moderate, high, decreasing PA). No significant association was found between life-course PA trajectories and melanoma risk in any subcohort. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the high versus moderate trajectory were 0.92 (0.66-1.29), 1.15 (0.97-1.37) and 0.90 (0.78-1.05) for subcohorts 31-39, 40-49 and ≥50 years, respectively. Conclusion Our results do not support a positive association between PA and melanoma risk found in previous studies, which is important for public health guidelines promoting regular PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Perrier
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lergenmuller
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Manchester and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristin B Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Corina S Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kankaanpää A, Tolvanen A, Heikkinen A, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M, Sillanpää E. The role of adolescent lifestyle habits in biological aging: A prospective twin study. eLife 2022; 11:80729. [PMID: 36345722 PMCID: PMC9642990 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a stage of fast growth and development. Exposures during puberty can have long-term effects on health in later life. This study aims to investigate the role of adolescent lifestyle in biological aging. Methods: The study participants originated from the longitudinal FinnTwin12 study (n = 5114). Adolescent lifestyle-related factors, including body mass index (BMI), leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use, were based on self-reports and measured at ages 12, 14, and 17 years. For a subsample, blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) was used to assess biological aging with six epigenetic aging measures in young adulthood (21–25 years, n = 824). A latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of lifestyle behaviors in adolescence, and differences between the subgroups in later biological aging were studied. Genetic and environmental influences on biological aging shared with lifestyle behavior patterns were estimated using quantitative genetic modeling. Results: We identified five subgroups of participants with different adolescent lifestyle behavior patterns. When DNAm GrimAge, DunedinPoAm, and DunedinPACE estimators were used, the class with the unhealthiest lifestyle and the class of participants with high BMI were biologically older than the classes with healthier lifestyle habits. The differences in lifestyle-related factors were maintained into young adulthood. Most of the variation in biological aging shared with adolescent lifestyle was explained by common genetic factors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that an unhealthy lifestyle during pubertal years is associated with accelerated biological aging in young adulthood. Genetic pleiotropy may largely explain the observed associations. Funding: This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (213506, 265240, 263278, 312073 to J.K., 297908 to M.O. and 341750, 346509 to E.S.), EC FP5 GenomEUtwin (J.K.), National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant HL104125), EC MC ITN Project EPITRAIN (J.K. and M.O.), the University of Helsinki Research Funds (M.O.), Sigrid Juselius Foundation (J.K. and M.O.), Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (6868), Juho Vainio Foundation (E.S.) and Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg foundation (E.S.). For most animals, events that occur early in life can have a lasting impact on individuals’ health. In humans, adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time when rapid growth and development collide with growing independence and experimentation. An unhealthy lifestyle during this period of rapid cell growth can contribute to later health problems like heart disease, lung disease, and premature death. This is due partly to accelerated biological aging, where the body deteriorates faster than what would be expected for an individual’s chronological age. One way to track the effects of lifestyle on biological aging is by measuring epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes consist on adding or removing chemical ‘tags’ on genes. These tags can switch the genes on or off without changing their sequences. Scientists can measure certain epigenetic changes by measuring the levels of methylated DNA – DNA with a chemical ‘tag’ known as a methyl group – in blood samples. Several algorithms – known as ‘epigenetic clocks’ – are available that estimate how fast an individual is aging biologically based on DNA methylation. Kankaanpää et al. show that unhealthy lifestyles during adolescence may lead to accelerated aging in early adulthood. For their analysis, Kankaanpää et al. used data on the levels of DNA methylation in blood samples from 824 twins between 21 and 25 years old. The twins were participants in the FinnTwin12 study and had completed a survey about their lifestyles at ages 12, 14, and 17. Kankaanpää et al. classified individuals into five groups depending on their lifestyles. The first three groups, which included most of the twins, contained individuals that led relatively healthy lives. The fourth group contained individuals with a higher body mass index based on their height and weight. Finally, the last group included individuals with unhealthy lifestyles who binge drank, smoked and did not exercise. After estimating the biological ages for all of the participants, Kankaanpää et al. found that both the individuals with higher body mass indices and those in the group with unhealthy lifestyles aged faster than those who reported healthier lifestyles. However, the results varied depending on which epigenetic clock Kankaanpää et al. used to measure biological aging: clocks that had been developed earlier showed fewer differences in aging between groups; while newer clocks consistently found that individuals in the higher body mass index and unhealthy groups were older. Kankaanpää et al. also showed that shared genetic factors explained both unhealthy lifestyles and accelerated biological aging. The experiments performed by Kankaanpää et al. provide new insights into the vital role of an individual’s genetics in unhealthy lifestyles and cellular aging. These insights might help scientists identify at risk individuals early in life and try to prevent accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kankaanpää
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki
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10
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Tebar WR, Ferrari G, Mota J, Antunes EP, Aguilar BAS, Brazo-Sayavera J, Christofaro DGD. Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Adolescents and Their Parents Is Mitigated by Parental Physical Activity-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14026. [PMID: 36360906 PMCID: PMC9656252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is hypothesized that children's habits can be modulated by their parent's lifestyle. However, it is still not established whether the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adolescents and their parents could be attenuated by parental physical activity levels. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the relationship of CVRF between adolescents and their parents according to parental physical activity level. METHODS A school-based sample of 1231 adolescents, 1202 mothers and 871 fathers were included (n = 3304). The CVRF assessed were overweight, hypertension, smoking and alcohol consumption. The parental physical activity level was assessed using a validated questionnaire, being classified into physically active and inactive parents. The statistical analysis considered all parents and stratification by physical activity level. RESULTS The prevalence of CVRF was higher in fathers than in mothers (70.6% vs. 54.9% for overweight, 23.3% vs. 19.7% for hypertension, 17.9% vs. 12.4% for smoking and 60.4% vs. 28.5% for alcohol consumption). Adolescents with active mothers showed lower prevalence of overweight (13.9% vs. 19.6%), while adolescents with active fathers showed higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (23.5% vs. 16.9%). The CVRF of both fathers and mothers were positively associated with CVRF of adolescents. However, the association of CVRF between adolescents and their parents was mitigated among active parents, while all the CVRF remained associated in physically inactive parents. CONCLUSION The parental physical activity level seems to mitigate the association of CVRF between adolescents and their parents. The promotion of an active lifestyle at the family level can contribute to reduce CVRF among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Tebar
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ewerton P. Antunes
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. S. Aguilar
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Diego G. D. Christofaro
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
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11
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Luu MN, Han M, Bui TT, Tran PTT, Lim MK, Oh JK. Smoking trajectory and cancer risk: A population-based
cohort study. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:71. [PMID: 36118557 PMCID: PMC9413414 DOI: 10.18332/tid/152137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking behavior can change with time and lead to different health outcomes. This study explored the trajectory of smoking and its relationship with cancer incidence and mortality among Korean male adults. METHODS We used 2002–2018 data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Smoking status was repeatedly measured in four waves of general health examinations provided by the NHIS between 2002 and 2009. Cancer incidence and mortality were tracked from 2010 to 2018. Trajectory analysis was used to identify the patterns of smoking. The hazard ratio was calculated using Cox proportional regression models. RESULTS For the 2448548 men (≥20 years), 137788 cases of cancers and 41146 cancer deaths were found. We identified six trajectory groups: never smokers, former smokers, new current smokers, decreasing light smokers, steady moderate smokers, and steady heavy smokers. All smoking groups had an increased risk of cancer. The steady heavy smokers showed higher cancer incidence and mortality rate than the steady non-smokers (hazard ratio, HR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.49–1.58 and HR=2.64; 95% CI: 2.50–2.79, respectively). The cancer-specific analysis showed that the larynx and lung cancer incidence and mortality rate of the smoking group were higher than in never smokers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking, even at low doses, increases the risk of most cancers in men. Quitting or reducing smoking, especially at a young age, can lower cancer incidence and mortality. This study may provide more objective results on the relationship between smoking and cancer, because smoking behavior was examined at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh N. Luu
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research Methodology and Biostatistics, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minji Han
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tra T. Bui
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thao T. Tran
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin K. Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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12
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Eswaramoorthi V, Suhaimi MZ, Abdullah MR, Sanip Z, Abdul Majeed APP, Suhaimi MZ, Clark CCT, Musa RM. Association of Physical Activity with Anthropometrics Variables and Health-Related Risks in Healthy Male Smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126993. [PMID: 35742242 PMCID: PMC9223046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropometric variables (AV) are shown to be essential in assessing health status and to serve as markers for evaluating health-related risks in different populations. Studying the impact of physical activity (PA) on AV and its relationship with smoking is a non-trivial task from a public health perspective. In this study, a total of 107 healthy male smokers (37 ± 9.42 years) were recruited from different states in Malaysia. Standard procedures of measurement of several anthropometric indexes were carried out, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPPQ) was used to ascertain the PA levels of the participants. A principal component analysis was employed to examine the AV associated with physical activity, k-means clustering was used to group the participants with respect to the PA levels, and discriminant analysis models were utilized to determine the differential variables between the groups. A logistic regression (LR) model was further employed to ascertain the efficacy of the discriminant models in classifying the two smoking groups. Six AV out of twelve were associated with smoking behaviour. Two groups were obtained from the k-means analysis, based on the IPPQ and termed partially physically active smokers (PPAS) or physically nonactive smokers (PNAS). The PNAS were found to be at high risk of contracting cardiovascular problems, as compared with the PPAS. The PPAS cluster was characterized by a desirable AV, as well as a lower level of nicotine compared with the PNAS cluster. The LR model revealed that certain AV are vital for maintaining good health, and a partially active lifestyle could be effective in mitigating the effect of tobacco on health in healthy male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayamurugan Eswaramoorthi
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Rehabilitation Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Zulhusni Suhaimi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.Z.S.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Mohamad Razali Abdullah
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Zulkefli Sanip
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
- Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Laboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia;
- School of Robotics, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Muhammad Zuhaili Suhaimi
- Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Rabiu Muazu Musa
- Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.S.); (R.M.M.)
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13
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Liu C, Tian J, Jose MD, He Y, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Associations of a healthy lifestyle score from childhood to adulthood with subclinical kidney damage in midlife: a population-based cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:2. [PMID: 34979963 PMCID: PMC8722172 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships of healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) of various kinds in adulthood with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported, but little is known about the association of childhood lifestyle with later life CKD. This study examined the relationship of HLS from childhood to adulthood with subclinical kidney damage (SKD) in midlife, a surrogate measure for CKD. Methods Data were collected in an Australian population-based cohort study with 33 years follow-up. 750 participants with lifestyle information collected in childhood (ages 10–15 years) and midlife (ages 40–50 years), and measures of kidney function in midlife were included. The HLS was generated from the sum scores of five lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet). Each factor was scored as poor (0 point), intermediate (1 point), or ideal (2 points). Log-binomial regression was used to investigate the relationship of HLS in childhood and from childhood to adulthood with SKD defined as either 1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30–60 mL/min/1.73m2 or 2) eGFR> 60 mL/min/1.73m2 with urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 2.5 mg/mmol (males) or 3.5 mg/mmol (females), adjusting for socio-demographic factors and the duration of follow-up. Results The average HLS was 6.6 in childhood and 6.5 in midlife, and the prevalence of SKD was 4.9% (n = 36). Neither HLS in childhood nor HLS from childhood to adulthood were significantly associated with the risk of SKD in midlife. Conclusions A HLS from childhood to adulthood did not predict SKD in this middle-aged, population-based Australian cohort. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02627-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jose
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ye He
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
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14
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Alduraywish AA. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness indicators in novice volleyball trainees: effect of 1-week antioxidant supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine/zinc/vitamin C. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211067125. [PMID: 34939440 PMCID: PMC8725015 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211067125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of 7-day dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)/zinc/vitamin C on the time-to-exhaustion (TTE), the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) index, and metabolic indicators. METHODS This study enrolled volleyball student trainees (n = 18 men) who took NAC/zinc/vitamin C (750 mg/5 mg/100 mg) for 7 days at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. The CRF index and TTE were determined. Serum concentrations of metabolic regulators (insulin, betatrophin, and hepatocyte growth factor), biomarkers of cellular damage/hypoxia, and indicators of lipid and glycemic control were measured. RESULTS Supplementation improved the TTE and CRF index, and lowered cytochrome c, C-reactive protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), total cholesterol, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin values. Before and after supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the TTE. Before supplementation, the CRF index was positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations, and hepatocyte growth factor concentrations were positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations and negatively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. After supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with HIF-1α concentrations and metabolites. Additionally, the TTE was negatively correlated with HIF-1α, cytochrome c, and triacylglycerol concentrations. CONCLUSION Supplementation of NAC/zinc/vitamin C improves metabolic and CRF performance.
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15
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Sekulic D, Ostojic D, Decelis A, Castro-Piñero J, Jezdimirovic T, Drid P, Ostojic L, Gilic B. The Impact of Scholastic Factors on Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Prospective Study on Adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100877. [PMID: 34682142 PMCID: PMC8534587 DOI: 10.3390/children8100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scholastic factors (academic achievement) are hypothesized to be important determinants of health-related behaviors in adolescents, but there is a lack of knowledge on their influence on physical activity levels (PAL), especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposed lockdown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between scholastic factors and PAL before and during the pandemic lockdown. The participants were adolescents form Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 525, 46% females), who were observed prospectively at the baseline (before the pandemic lockdown) and during the lockdown in 2020 (follow-up). The scholastic factors (grade point average, behavioral grade, school absences, unexcused absences) were evidenced at the baseline (predictors). The outcome (PAL) was evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents at the baseline and the follow-up. Gender, age, parental/familial conflict, and sport participation were observed as confounders. No significant influence of the predictors on PAL were evidenced at the baseline or at the follow-up. The scholastic variables were significantly associated with the changes of PAL which occurred due to pandemic lockdown, with a lower risk for negative changes in PAL among adolescents who were better in school (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.34–0.81, and OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.34–0.97, for the grade point average and behavioral grade, respectively). Students who do well in school are probably more aware of the health benefits of proper PAL, and therefore are devoted to the maintenance of their PAL even during the home-confinement of lockdown. Public health authorities should focus more on helping adolescents to understand the importance and benefits of proper PAL throughout the school system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Daria Ostojic
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Faculty of Education, Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Ljerka Ostojic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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de Visser RO, Conroy D, Davies E, Cooke R. Understanding Motivation to Adhere to Guidelines for Alcohol Intake, Physical Activity, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among U.K. University Students. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 48:480-487. [PMID: 33593081 PMCID: PMC8278553 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120988251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To encourage people to lead healthier lifestyles, governments in many countries publish guidelines for alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, there is a need for better understanding of whether people understand such guidelines, consider them useful, and adhere to them. University students are a group worthy of attention because although they are less likely than older adults to exceed U.K. weekly alcohol intake guidelines or to be inactive, they are also less likely to meet FV consumption targets. Furthermore, because behavior during youth predicts adult behavior, it is important to identify influences on healthier behavior. METHOD An online survey was completed by 559 U.K. university students. Key outcome variables were knowledge of guidelines, motivation to adhere to them, and adherence to them. RESULTS A total of 72% adhered to guidelines for alcohol intake, 58% for PA, and 20% for FV intake. Students generally had poor or moderate knowledge of guidelines, perceived them as only moderately useful, and were only moderately motivated to adhere to them. Greater motivation to adhere to guidelines was not significantly related to more accurate knowledge. However, it was related to greater familiarity, and perceiving guidelines as useful and realistic, and greater conscientiousness. DISCUSSION There is a need to ensure that students understand the U.K. guidelines for alcohol intake, PA, and FV intake. However, simply increasing knowledge may not lead to greater adherence to the guidelines: There is also a need to focus on improving perceptions of how useful and realistic they are.
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Children of Smoking and Non-Smoking Households' Perceptions of Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Exercise. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070552. [PMID: 34206729 PMCID: PMC8307148 DOI: 10.3390/children8070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown secondhand tobacco smoke to be detrimental to children’s health. This qualitative study aimed to explore children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families and their reasons for being physically active, attitudes towards physical activity (PA), fitness and exercise, perceived barriers and facilitators to PA, self-perceptions of fitness and physical ability, and how these differ for children from smoking and non-smoking households. A total of 38 children (9–11 years; 50% female; 42% smoking households) from the deprived areas of North West England participated in focus groups (n = 8), which were analysed by utilizing thematic analysis. The findings support hypothesised mediators of PA in children including self-efficacy, enjoyment, perceived benefit, and social support. Fewer than a quarter of all children were aware of the PA guidelines with varying explanations, while the majority of children perceived their own fitness to be high. Variances also emerged between important barriers (e.g., sedentary behaviour and environmental factors) and facilitators (e.g., psychological factors and PA opportunity) for children from smoking and non-smoking households. This unique study provided a voice to children from low SES and smoking households and these child perspectives could be used to create relevant and effective strategies for interventions to improve PA, fitness, and health.
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Lounassalo I, Hirvensalo M, Palomäki S, Salin K, Tolvanen A, Pahkala K, Rovio S, Fogelholm M, Yang X, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Tammelin TH. Life-course leisure-time physical activity trajectories in relation to health-related behaviors in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 33740917 PMCID: PMC7977567 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence on whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) facilitates individuals’ adoption of multiple healthy behaviors remains scarce. This study investigated the associations of diverse longitudinal LTPA trajectories from childhood to adulthood with diet, screen time, smoking, binge drinking, sleep difficulties, and sleep duration in adulthood. Methods Data were drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Participants were aged 9–18 years (N = 3553; 51% females) in 1980 and 33–49 years at the latest follow-up in 2011. The LTPA trajectories were identified using a latent profile analysis. Differences in self-reported health-related behaviors across the LTPA trajectories were studied separately for women and men by using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars approach. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, education level, marital status, total energy intake and previous corresponding behaviors. Results Persistently active, persistently low-active, decreasingly and increasingly active trajectories were identified in both genders and an additional inactive trajectory for women. After adjusting the models with the above-mentioned covariates, the inactive women had an unhealthier diet than the women in the other trajectories (p < 0.01; effect size (ES) > 0.50). The low-active men followed an unhealthier diet than the persistently and increasingly active men (p < 0.01; ES > 0.50). Compared to their inactive and low-active peers, smoking frequency was lower in the increasingly active women and men (p < 0.01; ES > 0.20) and persistently active men (p < 0.05; ES > 0.20). The increasingly active men reported lower screen time than the low-active (p < 0.001; ES > 0.50) and persistently active (p < 0.05; ES > 0.20) men. The increasingly and persistently active women reported fewer sleep difficulties than the inactive (p < 0.001; ES > 0.80) and low-active (p < 0.05; ES > 0.50 and > 0.80, respectively) women. Sleep duration and binge drinking were not associated with the LTPA trajectories in either gender, nor were sleep difficulties in men and screen time in women. Conclusions Not only persistently higher LTPA but also an increasing tendency to engage in LTPA after childhood/adolescence were associated with healthier diet and lower smoking frequency in both genders, having less sleep difficulties in women and lower screen time in increasingly active men. Inactivity and low activity were associated with the accumulation of several unhealthy behaviors in adulthood. Associations were stronger in women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10554-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinja Lounassalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Palomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Lee MT, Mahtta D, Alam M, Ullah W, Nasir K, Hanif B, Virani SS. Contemporary outcomes studies to identify and mitigate the risk in patients with premature cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 21:559-570. [DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1888718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Lee
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Health Services Research & Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dhruv Mahtta
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Health Services Research & Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bashir Hanif
- Section of Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Health Services Research & Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, USA
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20
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Oura P, Rissanen I, Junno JA, Harju T, Paananen M. Lifelong smoking trajectories of Northern Finns are characterized by sociodemographic and lifestyle differences in a 46-year follow-up. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16365. [PMID: 33004859 PMCID: PMC7529914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking remains among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Obtaining a comprehensive understanding of a population’s smoking behaviour is essential for tobacco control. Here, we aim to characterize lifelong smoking patterns and explore underlying sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in a population-based birth cohort population followed up for 46 years. Our analysis is based on 5797 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who self-reported their tobacco smoking behaviour at the ages of 14, 31 and 46. Data on sex, education, employment, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and substance addiction were also collected at the follow-ups. We profile each individual’s annual smoking history from the age of 5 to 47, and conduct a latent class trajectory analysis on the data. We then characterize the identified smoking trajectory classes in terms of the background variables, and compare the heaviest smokers with other classes in order to reveal specific predictors of non-smoking and discontinued smoking. Six smoking trajectories are identified in our sample: never-smokers (class size 41.0%), youth smokers (12.6%), young adult quitters (10.8%), late adult quitters (10.5%), late starters (4.3%), and lifetime smokers (20.7%). Smoking is generally associated with male sex, lower socioeconomic status and unhealthier lifestyle. Multivariable between-class comparisons identify unemployment (odds ratio [OR] 1.28–1.45) and physical inactivity (OR 1.20–1.52) as significant predictors of lifetime smoking relative to any other class. Female sex increases the odds of never-smoking and youth smoking (OR 1.29–1.33), and male sex increases the odds of adult quitting (OR 1.30–1.41), relative to lifetime smoking. We expect future initiatives to benefit from our data by exploiting the identified predictors as direct targets of intervention, or as a means of identifying individuals who may benefit from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Kerava Health Care Center, Metsolantie 2, 04200, Kerava, Finland.
| | - Ina Rissanen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Kerava Health Care Center, Metsolantie 2, 04200, Kerava, Finland
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21
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Krist L, Dornquast C, Reinhold T, Becher H, Icke K, Danquah I, Willich SN, Keil T. Physical Activity Trajectories among Persons of Turkish Descent Living in Germany-A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6349. [PMID: 32878214 PMCID: PMC7504423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) behavior is increasingly described as trajectories taking changes over a longer period into account. Little is known, however, about predictors of those trajectories among migrant populations. Therefore, the aim of the present cohort study was to describe changes of PA over six years and to explore migration-related and other predictors for different PA trajectories in adults of Turkish descent living in Berlin. At baseline (2011/2012) and after six years, sociodemographics, health behavior, and medical information were assessed. Four PA trajectories were defined using data of weekly PA from baseline and follow-up: "inactive", "decreasing", "increasing", and "stable active". Multivariable regression analyses were performed in order to determine predictors for the "stable active" trajectory, and results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In this analysis, 197 people (60.9% women, mean age ± standard deviation 49.9 ± 12.8 years) were included. A total of 77.7% were first-generation migrants, and 50.5% had Turkish citizenship. The four PA trajectories differed regarding citizenship, preferred questionnaire language, and marital status. "Stable active" trajectory membership was predicted by educational level (high vs. low: aOR 4.20, 95%CI [1.10; 16.00]), citizenship (German or dual vs. Turkish only: 3.60 [1.20; 10.86]), preferred questionnaire language (German vs. Turkish: 3.35 [1.05; 10.66]), and BMI (overweight vs. normal weight: 0.28 [0.08; 0.99]). In our study, migration-related factors only partially predicted trajectory membership, however, persons with citizenship of their country of origin and/or with poor language skills should be particularly considered when planning PA prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Krist
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Christina Dornquast
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Thomas Reinhold
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Katja Icke
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Ina Danquah
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan N. Willich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (K.I.); (I.D.); (S.N.W.); (T.K.)
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
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22
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Castonguay J, Turcotte S, Fleet RP, Archambault PM, Dionne CE, Denis I, Foldes-Busque G. Physical activity and disability in patients with noncardiac chest pain: a longitudinal cohort study. Biopsychosoc Med 2020; 14:12. [PMID: 32612673 PMCID: PMC7324967 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-020-00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is one of the leading reasons for emergency department visits and significantly limits patients' daily functioning. The protective effect of physical activity has been established in a number of pain problems, but its role in the course of NCCP is unknown. This study aimed to document the level of physical activity in patients with NCCP and its association with NCCP-related disability in the 6 months following an emergency department visit. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal, cohort study, participants with NCCP were recruited in two emergency departments. They were contacted by telephone for the purpose of conducting a medical and sociodemographic interview, after which a set of questionnaires was sent to them. Participants were contacted again 6 months later for an interview aimed to assess their NCCP-related disability. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 279 participants (57.0% females), whose mean age was 54.6 (standard deviation = 15.3) years. Overall, the proportion of participants who were physically active in their leisure time, based on the Actimètre questionnaire criteria, was 22.0%. Being physically active at the first measurement time point was associated with a 38% reduction in the risk of reporting NCCP-related disability in the following 6 months (ρ = .047). This association remained significant after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Being physically active seems to have a protective effect on the occurrence of NCCP-related disability in the 6 months following an emergency department visit with NCCP. These results point to the importance of further exploring the benefits of physical activity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Castonguay
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
| | - Richard P Fleet
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d’urgence, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Patrick M Archambault
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
| | - Clermont E Dionne
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
| | - Isabelle Denis
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
| | - Guillaume Foldes-Busque
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe,, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1 Canada
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23
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Rissanen I, Oura P, Paananen M, Miettunen J, Geerlings MI. Smoking trajectories and risk of stroke until age of 50 years - The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225909. [PMID: 31846462 PMCID: PMC6917292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a well-known risk factor for stroke. However, the relationship between smoking trajectories during the life course and stroke is not known. Aims We aimed to study the association of smoking trajectories and smoked pack-years with risk of ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes in a population-based birth cohort followed up to 50 years of age. Methods Within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, 11,999 persons were followed from antenatal period to age 50 years. The smoking behaviour was assessed with postal questionnaires at ages 14, 31 and 46 years. Stroke diagnoses were collected from nationwide registers using unique study number linkage. The associations between smoking behaviour and stroke risk were estimated using Cox regression models. Results Six different patterns in smoking habits throughout the life course were found in trajectory modelling. During 542,140 person-years of follow-up, 352 (2.9%) persons had a stroke. Continuous smoking during the life course was associated with increased stroke risk (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.10–2.60) after adjusting for sex, educational level, family history of strokes, leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Per every smoked pack-year the stroke risk increased 1.04-fold (95% CI 1.03–1.06). Other smoking trajectories were not significantly associated with stroke risk, nor were starting or ending age of smoking. Conclusion Accumulation of smoking history is associated with increased risk of stroke until age of 50 years. The increased stroke risk does not depend on the age at which smoking started. Given that the majority starts smoking at young age, primary prevention of strokes should focus on adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rissanen
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- The Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- The Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- The Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Lounassalo I, Hirvensalo M, Kankaanpää A, Tolvanen A, Palomäki S, Salin K, Fogelholm M, Yang X, Pahkala K, Rovio S, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari O, Tammelin TH. Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Trajectories with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption from Childhood to Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4437. [PMID: 31726760 PMCID: PMC6888230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle and a diet rich in vegetables and fruits have a central role in promoting health. This study examined the associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) trajectories and fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) from childhood to middle age. The data were drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with six age cohorts. Participants were 9 to 18 years (n = 3536; 51% females) at baseline in 1980 and 33 to 48 years at the last follow-up in 2011. LTPA and FVC were self-reported. LTPA trajectories were identified using latent profile analyses, after which the mean differences in FVC across the trajectories were studied. Active, low-active, decreasingly and increasingly active trajectories were identified for both genders. An additional trajectory describing inactivity was identified for females. Those who were persistently active or increased their LTPA had higher FVC at many ages when compared to their inactive or low-active counterparts (p < 0.05). In females prior to age 42 and in males prior to age 24, FVC was higher at many ages in those with decreasing activity than in their inactive or low-active counterparts (p < 0.05). The development of LTPA and FVC from childhood to middle age seem to occur in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinja Lounassalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (M.H.); (S.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (M.H.); (S.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; (A.K.); (X.Y.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Sanna Palomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (M.H.); (S.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (M.H.); (S.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; (A.K.); (X.Y.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (K.P.); (S.R.); (O.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland, and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (K.P.); (S.R.); (O.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland, and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (K.P.); (S.R.); (O.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland, and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuija H. Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; (A.K.); (X.Y.); (T.H.T.)
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25
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Determinants of Physical Activity Performed by Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214061. [PMID: 31652693 PMCID: PMC6861903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the World Health Organization considering it important to promote physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle, the official data show an increase in the percentage of physical inactivity, which has brought about the development of strategies at different levels (national and international) to reverse this trend. For the development of these strategies, it is relevant to know what the determinants of physical activity (at leisure and at work) are. Therefore, this is going to be analysed in the autochthonous young adults from Seville. A cross-sectional survey of their health behaviours was carried out. The sample was selected through a proportionally stratified random sampling procedure. From the results, we highlight that the general perceived health status is good and that most physical activity is performed during leisure time. However, a majority of the population analysed reported overweight or obesity. Participants with a low perceived health status, those who have low social support from their family and friends, and those who do not smoke are the ones who have more probability of engaging in physical activity during their leisure time. However, gender, education level, and alcohol consumption are revealed as determinants of the intensity of physical activity at work. In this regard, men and/or participants with a low level of studies are those who carry out more physically demanding activities at work.
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