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Feng J, Min W, Wang D, Yuan J, Chen J, Chen L, Chen W, Zhao M, Cheng J, Wan C, Zhou B, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Potential of niacin skin flush response in adolescent depression identification and severity assessment: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 38632560 PMCID: PMC11025263 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of adolescent Depressive Disorder (DD) lacks specific biomarkers, posing significant challenges. This study investigates the potential of Niacin Skin Flush Response (NSFR) as a biomarker for identifying and assessing the severity of adolescent Depressive Disorder, as well as distinguishing it from Behavioral and Emotional Disorders typically emerging in childhood and adolescence(BED). METHODS In a case-control study involving 196 adolescents, including 128 Depressive Disorder, 32 Behavioral and Emotional Disorders, and 36 healthy controls (HCs), NSFR was assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and anxious symptoms with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Pearson correlation analysis determined the relationships between NSFR and the severity of depression in DD patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to identify DD from BED integrating NSFR data with clinical symptom measures. RESULTS The adolescent Depressive Disorder group exhibited a higher rate of severe blunted NSFR (21.4%) compared to BED (12.5%) and HC ( 8.3%). Adolescent Depressive Disorder with psychotic symptoms showed a significant increase in blunted NSFR (p = 0.016). NSFR had negative correlations with depressive (r = -0.240, p = 0.006) and anxious (r = -0.2, p = 0.023) symptoms in adolescent Depressive Disorder. Integrating NSFR with three clinical scales improved the differentiation between adolescent Depressive Disorder and BED (AUC increased from 0.694 to 0.712). CONCLUSION The NSFR demonstrates potential as an objective biomarker for adolescent Depressive Disorder, aiding in screening, assessing severity, and enhancing insights into its pathophysiology and diagnostic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West second Section, 1st Ring Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Department of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West second Section, 1st Ring Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao To ng University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 33, Section 2, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, 611135, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 33, Section 2, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, 611135, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 33, Section 2, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, 611135, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 33, Section 2, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, 611135, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 33, Section 2, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, 611135, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao To ng University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West second Section, 1st Ring Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Department of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West second Section, 1st Ring Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyin Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West second Section, 1st Ring Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Takagaki K, Yokoyama S. Validation of a Behavioral Activation Model Including Self-Compassion: A Longitudinal Study at Three Time Points. Psychopathology 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38588658 DOI: 10.1159/000538266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is highly prevalent among university students. While behavioral activation has been shown to be an effective psychotherapy for depression, there is a lack of research regarding the behavioral activation mechanism. Furthermore, although self-compassion seems to be a factor in promoting behavioral activation, no studies have attempted to validate a behavioral activation model that includes positive self-compassion. In addition, mechanistic studies have lacked consideration in longitudinal studies of behavioral activation. Thus, in this longitudinal study, we constructed and validated an exploratory model of behavioral activation. METHODS A total of 300 undergraduate students completed online surveys in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We examined the longitudinal effects of five factors (value-based behavior, goal-oriented and scheduled activities, positive reinforcement, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms) using structural equation modeling based on maximum likelihood estimation using bootstrapping. RESULTS The exploratory model was found to be valid and to have a good fit with the data. The results indicate that value-based behaviors increase the frequency of goal-oriented and scheduled activities, which in turn increases the frequency of positive reinforcement in everyday life. Additionally, when self-compassion, value-based behavior, goal-oriented and scheduled activities, and positive reinforcement are considered together, self-compassion may be indirectly related to activation via value-based behavior. CONCLUSION From the perspective of preventing depressive symptoms, it is important to increase the frequency of value-based activities. Furthermore, adding self-compassion is effective in behavioral activation to increase value-based activities. However, to address the limitations of this study, future studies should investigate the relationship among behavioral characteristics during interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takagaki
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Korczak DJ, Westwell-Roper C, Sassi R. Diagnostic et traitement de la dépression à l’adolescence. CMAJ 2023; 195:E1050-E1058. [PMID: 37580075 PMCID: PMC10426345 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220966-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Korczak
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.
| | - Clara Westwell-Roper
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B
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Zheng K, Xu H, Qu C, Sun X, Xu N, Sun P. The effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training for adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1147864. [PMID: 37588027 PMCID: PMC10425533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) is a standardized depression prevention program for adolescents conducted in campus settings. The purpose of this review is to examine the randomized controlled trials of IPT-AST for the prevention of adolescent depression in the past 20 years. Methods A systematic search of relevant electronic databases (PubMed, WOS, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and WANFANG DATA) and study reference lists was conducted. Any study investigating the effectiveness of IPT-AST in 12- to 20-year-olds with depressive symptoms was eligible. Synthesis was via narrative summary and meta-analysis. Results A total of 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis results showed a remarkable improvement in patients' depressive symptoms after IPT-AST intervention (WMD = -5.05, 95% CI = -8.11 to -1.98, p < 0.05, I2 = 77%). Six month follow-up data showed that the intervention outcomes of IPT-AST remained significant (WMD = -3.09, 95% CI: -5.23 to -0.94, p < 0.05, I2 = 57%). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that IPT-AST was effective in adolescents with depressive symptoms at post-prevention and at 6-month follow-up. However, these conclusions are cautious, as they are based on a small number of studies and the presence of author duplication. Future studies should use multi-center, large-sample randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of IPT-AST for preventing depression in adolescents. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023393047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Zheng
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhui Qu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Na Xu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
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5
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Twivy E, Kirkham M, Cooper M. The lived experience of adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta-aggregation. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:754-766. [PMID: 36700415 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The under-detection of depression in adolescents suggests that a better understanding of its presentation may be needed. Conceptualizations of adolescent depression are largely the same as adult depression, with minimal consideration of developmental stage. Exploration of first-hand accounts could help to identify any unique features of adolescent depression. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to understand the lived experience of adolescents with depression to inform clinical practice. METHODS The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020198141). Databases (PsychINFO, CINAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched in March 2022 to identify peer-reviewed qualitative studies on first-hand experiences of adolescent depression. The Joanna Briggs Institute's qualitative data extraction tool and checklist for qualitative research were used to obtain study data and assess methodological quality of included papers. Meta-aggregation was the method of synthesis, whereby extracted themes from the papers were grouped according to shared meanings. RESULTS Fifteen papers of mixed methodological quality were identified for inclusion from screening a total of 1,983 references. Studies were published between 2002 and 2021, spanned seven countries and included participants aged 11 to 22 years old. Aggregation of 56 themes resulted in 16 categories and 3 synthesized findings encompassing key aspects of adolescent depression: causes, symptoms and coping. Variability in adolescents' perspectives across these domains was evident. Some symptoms described, such as social disconnection and anger, are not listed in existing diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Subjective experiences of depression among adolescents vary and may not entirely match diagnostic criteria. Awareness of this when assessing for depression may improve detection and help to ensure adolescents feel understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Twivy
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miriam Kirkham
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myra Cooper
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Beames JR, Werner-Seidler A, Hodgins M, Brown L, Fujimoto H, Bartholomew A, Maston K, Huckvale K, Zbukvic I, Torok M, Christensen H, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Lingam R, Boydell KM. Implementing a Digital Depression Prevention Program in Australian Secondary Schools: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e42349. [PMID: 37307051 DOI: 10.2196/42349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common during adolescence and is associated with adverse educational, employment, and health outcomes in later life. Digital programs are increasingly being implemented in schools to improve and protect adolescent mental health. Although digital depression prevention programs can be effective, there is limited knowledge about how contextual factors influence real-world delivery at scale in schools. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the contextual factors that influence the implementation of the Future Proofing Program (FPP) from the perspectives of school staff. The FPP is a 2-arm hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial evaluating whether depression can be prevented at scale in schools, using an evidence-based smartphone app delivered universally to year 8 students (13-14 years of age). METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 staff from 20 schools in New South Wales, Australia, who assisted with the implementation of the FPP. The interviews were guided by our theory-driven logic model. Reflexive thematic analysis, using both deductive and inductive coding, was used to analyze responses. RESULTS Staff perceived the FPP as a novel ("innovative approach") and appropriate way to address an unmet need within schools ("right place at the right time"). Active leadership and counselor involvement were critical for planning and engaging; teamwork, communication, and staff capacity were critical for execution ("ways of working within schools"). Low student engagement and staffing availability were identified as barriers for future adoption and implementation by schools ("reflecting on past experiences"). CONCLUSIONS Four superordinate themes pertaining to the program, implementation processes, and implementation barriers were identified from qualitative responses by school staff. On the basis of our findings, we proposed a select set of recommendations for future implementation of digital prevention programs delivered at scale in schools. These recommendations were designed to facilitate an organizational change and help staff to implement digital mental health programs within their schools. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Beames
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michael Hodgins
- Population Child Health Clinical Research Group, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsay Brown
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiroko Fujimoto
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kit Huckvale
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Zbukvic
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Population Child Health Clinical Research Group, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang R, Peng X, Song X, Long J, Wang C, Zhang C, Huang R, Lee TMC. The prevalence and risk of developing major depression among individuals with subthreshold depression in the general population. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3611-3620. [PMID: 35156595 PMCID: PMC10277767 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthreshold depression could be a significant precursor to and a risk factor for major depression. However, reliable estimates of the prevalence and its contribution to developing major depression under different terminologies depicting subthreshold depression have to be established. METHODS By searching PubMed and Web of Science using predefined inclusion criteria, we included 1 129 969 individuals from 113 studies conducted. The prevalence estimates were calculated using the random effect model. The incidence risk ratio (IRR) was estimated by measuring the ratio of individuals with subthreshold depression who developed major depression compared to that of non-depressed individuals from 19 studies (88, 882 individuals). RESULTS No significant difference in the prevalence among the different terminologies depicting subthreshold depression (Q = 1.96, p = 0.5801) was found. By pooling the prevalence estimates of subthreshold depression in 113 studies, we obtained a summary prevalence of 11.02% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.78-12.33%]. The youth group had the highest prevalence (14.17%, 95% CI 8.82-20.55%), followed by the elderly group (12.95%, 95% CI 11.41-14.58%) and the adult group (8.92%, 95% CI 7.51-10.45%). Further analysis of 19 studies' incidence rates showed individuals with subthreshold depression had an increased risk of developing major depression (IRR = 2.95, 95% CI 2.33-3.73), and the term minor depression showed the highest IRR compared with other terms (IRR = 3.97, 95% CI 3.17-4.96). CONCLUSIONS Depression could be a spectrum disorder, with subthreshold depression being a significant precursor to and a risk factor for major depression. Proactive management of subthreshold depression could be effective for managing the increasing prevalence of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoqi Song
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Long
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tatia M. C. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
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Lu H, Huang Z, Zhang L, Huang X, Li X. Influence of on emotions and behavior of adolescents with major depressive disorder. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15890. [PMID: 37215929 PMCID: PMC10192754 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder in adolescents is characterized by high prevalence rate, high recurrence rate, high suicide rate and high disability rate. However, the recognition rate and cure rate are low, and the disease has a very bad influence on the family and society. The lack of psychiatrists and psychotherapists in villages and small towns makes it difficult to get timely and professional intervention and treatment for adolescent with major depressive disorder. Methods A total of 84 adolescents with major depressive disorder who received treatment in the department of psychosomatic medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University participated in this survey, and they were divided into the control group and the intervention group by random number table. Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSSIAQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Childhood (DSRS) were used to investigate the negative emotions and behavior of adolescents with major depressive disorder at baseline and intervention for 12 weeks. Results There were no significant differences in the baseline information of adolescents (sex ratio, age, education level), including the total score of SCARED, DSRS and SQAPMPU, the total mean score of ANSSIAQ between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 12-week intervention, the score of SCARED, DSRS and SQAPMPU, the total mean score of ANSSIAQ in both groups were lower than that of the baseline, and the score of the intervention group showed a more obvious downward trend (P < 0.05). Conclusions In-person and remote Satir family therapy not only effectively reduced the anxiety and depression level among participants, but also validly reduced their non-suicidal self-injury behavior and mobile phone use behavior. The results verified that the model we adopted can be well applied for the out-patient management of adolescents with major depressive disorder, especially in villages and small towns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Lu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zewen Huang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lejun Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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9
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Liu D, Cui Z, Zhang Q, Liu F, Chen H, Wang J, Feng T. The mediating role of specific coping styles in the relationship between perceived social support and depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:647-655. [PMID: 36669570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are one of the most common mental health problems in adolescence, and the relationship between perceived social support and depressive symptoms has been well-studied. However, little research has been conducted on the mediating role of specific coping styles in the relationship. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of specific coping styles in perceived social support and depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 3887 Chinese junior and senior high school adolescents (mean age = 15.72 years, SD = 1.43) using a multistage stratified and cluster sampling method. The PROCESS model 4 was used to conduct a multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS Problem solving, seeking help, venting, fantasy and endurance mediated the relationship between internal family support or external family support and depressive symptoms. The problem solving coping style mediated the largest amount of effect, accounting for 22.32 % and 19.05 %, respectively. LIMITATIONS This study used a cross-sectional survey and self-reported information, which may be the main research limitation. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that higher social support not only directly reduces the likelihood of adolescent depression, but also influences depressive symptoms through specific coping styles. This may help further develop targeted prevention and interventions for at-risk adolescents for specific coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiang Cui
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qiongwen Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
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Noyes BK, Munoz DP, Khalid-Khan S, Brietzke E, Booij L. Is subthreshold depression in adolescence clinically relevant? J Affect Disord 2022; 309:123-130. [PMID: 35429521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthreshold depression is highly prevalent in adolescence, but compared to major depressive disorder, the clinical impact is under-researched. The aim of this review was to compare subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescents by reviewing available literature on epidemiology, risk factors, illness trajectories, brain anatomy and function, genetics, and treatment response. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of papers on subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescence published in English. Studies in adults were included when research in adolescence was not available. RESULTS We found that individuals with subthreshold depression were similar to individuals with major depressive disorder in several regards, including female/male ratio, onset, functional impairment, comorbidity, health care utilization, suicidal ideation, genetic predisposition, brain alterations, and treatment response. Further, subthreshold depression was about two times more common than major depressive disorder. LIMITATIONS The definition of subthreshold depression is highly variable across studies. Adolescent-specific data are limited in the areas of neurobiology and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current review support the idea that subthreshold depression is of clinical importance and provide evidence for a spectrum, versus categorical model, for depressive symptomatology. Given the frequency of subthreshold depression escalating to major depressive disorder, a greater recognition and awareness of the significance of subthreshold depression in research, clinical practice and policy-making may facilitate the development and application of early prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Noyes
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sarosh Khalid-Khan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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