1
|
Li Q, Chen S, Chen L, Zhuang L, Wei H, Jiang S, Wang C, Qi J, Fang P, Xu J, Tao A, Zhang L. Cloning and functional mechanism of the dwarf gene gba affecting stem elongation and cellulose biosynthesis in jute (Corchorus olitorius). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2003-2019. [PMID: 38536089 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant height (PH) is an important factor affecting bast fiber yield in jute. Here, we report the mechanism of dwarfism in the 'Guangbaai' (gba) of jute. The mutant gba had shorter internode length and cell length compared to the standard cultivar 'TaiZi 4' (TZ4). Exogenous GA3 treatment indicated that gba is a GA-insensitive dwarf mutant. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of three PH-related traits via a high-density genetic linkage map according to re-seq showed that a total of 25 QTLs were identified, including 13 QTLs for PH, with phenotypic variation explained ranging from 2.42 to 74.16%. Notably, the functional mechanism of the candidate gene CoGID1a, the gibberellic acid receptor, of the major locus qPHIL5 was evaluated by transgenic analysis and virus-induced gene silencing. A dwarf phenotype-related single nucleotide mutation in CoGID1a was identified in gba, which was also unique to the dwarf phenotype of gba among 57 cultivars. Cogid1a was unable to interact with the growth-repressor DELLA even in the presence of highly accumulated gibberellins in gba. Differentially expressed genes between transcriptomes of gba and TZ4 after GA3 treatment indicated up-regulation of genes involved in gibberellin and cellulose synthesis in gba. Interestingly, it was found that up-regulation of CoMYB46, a key transcription factor in the secondary cell wall, by the highly accumulated gibberellins in gba promoted the expression of cellulose synthase genes CoCesA4 and CoCesA7. These findings provide valuable insights into fiber development affected by endogenous gibberellin accumulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lingling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huawei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaolian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiantang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Aifen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Public Platform for Germplasm Resources of Bast Fiber Crops/Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Jute and Kenaf in Southeast China, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Billah M, Renju L, Wei H, Qanmber G, Da Y, Lan Y, Qing-di Y, Fuguang L, Zhaoen Y. A cotton mitochondrial alternative electron transporter, GhD2HGDH, induces early flowering by modulating GA and photoperiodic pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14378. [PMID: 38887925 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD, existing as a dimer, and it facilitates the specific oxidation of D-2HG to 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. A Genome-wide expression analysis (GWEA) has indicated an association between GhD2HGDH and flowering time. To further explore the role of GhD2HGDH, we performed a comprehensive investigation encompassing phenotyping, physiology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing GhD2HGDH. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR data exhibited heightened expression of GhD2HGDH in upland cotton flowers. Additionally, early-maturing cotton exhibited higher expression of GhD2HGDH across all tissues than delayed-maturing cotton. Subcellular localization confirmed its presence in the mitochondria. Overexpression of GhD2HGDH in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we investigated the impact of GhD2HGDH on flowering in both early- and delayed-maturing cotton plants. Manipulation of GhD2HGDH expression levels led to changes in photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange attributes. GhD2HGDH responded to gibberellin (GA3) hormone treatment, influencing the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and repressing DELLA genes. Protein interaction studies, including yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation (LUC), and GST pull-down assays, confirmed the interaction between GhD2HGDH and GhSOX (Sulfite oxidase). The metabolomics analysis demonstrated GhD2HGDH's modulation of the TCA cycle through alterations in various metabolite levels. Transcriptome data revealed that GhD2HGDH overexpression triggers early flowering by modulating the GA3 and photoperiodic pathways of the flowering core factor genes. Taken together, GhD2HGDH positively regulates the network of genes associated with early flowering pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masum Billah
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Liu Renju
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Hu Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Da
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yan Qing-di
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhaoen
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Cao J, Liu XM, Wang LN, Zhang WW, Ye JB, Xu F, Cheng S. Cloning and functional analysis of Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 from Ginkgo biloba. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20440. [PMID: 38462710 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) gene plays vital roles in plant growth and development, especially the regulation of lignin metabolism and flavonoid synthesis. To investigate the potential function of 4CL in the lignin biosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba, this study identified two 4CL genes, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2, from G. biloba genome. Based on the phylogenetic tree analysis, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 protein were classified into Class I, which has been confirmed to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, it can be inferred that these two genes may also participate in lignin metabolism. The tissue-specific expression patterns of these two genes revealed that Gb4CL1 was highly expressed in microstrobilus, whereas Gb4CL2 was abundant in immature leaves. The onion transient expression assay indicated that Gb4CL1 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, indicating its potential involvement in nuclear functions, while Gb4CL2 was observed in the cell wall, suggesting its role in cell wall-related processes. Phytohormone response analysis revealed that the expression of both genes was upregulated in response to indole acetic acid, while methyl jasmonate suppressed it, gibberellin exhibited opposite effects on these genes. Furthermore, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 expressed in all tissues containing lignin that showed a positive correlation with lignin content. Thus, these findings suggest that Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 are likely involved in lignin biosynthesis. Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 target proteins were successfully induced in Escherichia coli BL21 with molecular weights of 85.5 and 89.2 kDa, proving the integrity of target proteins. Our findings provided a basis for revealing that Gb4CL participated in lignin synthesis in G. biloba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Z, Li Z, Fan F, Qin H, Ding G. Effects of exogenous GA 3 on stem secondary growth of Pinus massoniana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108254. [PMID: 38056037 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play a crucial role in regulating secondary growth in angiosperms, but their effects on the secondary growth of gymnosperms are rarely reported. In this study, we administered exogenous GA3 to two-year-old P. massoniana seedlings, and examined its effects on anatomical structure, physiological and biochemical changes, and gene expression in stems. The results showed that exogenous GA3 could enhance xylem development in P. massoniana by promoting cell division. The content of endogenous hormone (including auxins, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins) were changed and the genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathway, such as GID1, DELLA, TIR1, ARF, SAUR, CPD, BR6ox1, and CYCD3, were differentially expressed under GA3 treatment. Furthermore, GA3 and BR (brassinosteroid) might act synergistically in promoting secondary growth in P. massoniana. Additionally, lignin content was significantly increased after GA3 treatment accompanied by the express of lignin biosynthesis related genes. PmCAD (TRINITY_DN142116_c0_g1), a crucial gene involved in the lignin biosynthesis, was cloned and overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, significantly promoting the xylem development and enhancing stem lignification. It was regarded as a key candidate gene for improving stem growth of P. massoniana. The findings of this study have demonstrated the impact of GA3 treatment on secondary growth of stems in P. massoniana, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of stem secondary growth in Pinaceae seedlings and offering theoretical guidance for cultivating new germplasm with enhanced growth and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province & Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province & College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhengchun Li
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province & Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province & College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fuhua Fan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province & Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province & College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Huijuan Qin
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province & Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province & College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province & Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province & College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castro-Camba R, Sánchez C, Vidal N, Vielba JM. Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2650. [PMID: 36235516 PMCID: PMC9571322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins have been classically related to a few key developmental processes, thus being essential for the accurate unfolding of plant genetic programs. After more than a century of research, over one hundred different gibberellins have been described. There is a continuously increasing interest in gibberellins research because of their relevant role in the so-called "Green Revolution", as well as their current and possible applications in crop improvement. The functions attributed to gibberellins have been traditionally restricted to the regulation of plant stature, seed germination, and flowering. Nonetheless, research in the last years has shown that these functions extend to many other relevant processes. In this review, the current knowledge on gibberellins homeostasis and mode of action is briefly outlined, while specific attention is focused on the many different responses in which gibberellins take part. Thus, those genes and proteins identified as being involved in the regulation of gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art perception of gibberellins molecular biology and its effects on plant development. This picture might be helpful to enhance our current understanding of gibberellins biology and provide the know-how for the development of more accurate research and breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Augstein F, Carlsbecker A. Salinity induces discontinuous protoxylem via a DELLA-dependent mechanism promoting salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:195-209. [PMID: 35746821 PMCID: PMC9545557 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is detrimental to plants and developmental adjustments limiting salt uptake and transport is therefore important for acclimation to high salt. These parameters may be influenced by xylem morphology, however how plant root xylem development is affected by salt stress remains unclear. Using molecular and genetic techniques and detailed phenotypic analyses, we demonstrate that salt causes distinct effects on Arabidopsis seedling root xylem and reveal underlying molecular mechanisms. Salinity causes intermittent inhibition of protoxylem cell differentiation, generating protoxylem gaps, in Arabidopsis and several other eudicot seedlings. The extent of protoxylem gaps in seedlings positively correlates with salt tolerance. Reduced gibberellin signalling is required for protoxylem gap formation. Mutant analyses reveal that the xylem differentiation regulator VASCULAR RELATED NAC DOMAIN 6 (VND6), along with secondary cell wall producing and cell wall modifying enzymes, including EXPANSIN A1 (EXP1), are involved in protoxylem gap formation, in a DELLA-dependent manner. Salt stress is likely to reduce levels of bioactive gibberellins, stabilising DELLAs, which in turn activates multiple factors modifying protoxylem differentiation. Salt stress impacts seedling survival and formation of protoxylem gaps may be a measure to enhance salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Augstein
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsala UniversityUllsv. 24ESE‐756 51UppsalaSweden
| | - Annelie Carlsbecker
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsala UniversityUllsv. 24ESE‐756 51UppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcriptomic Analysis of Seasonal Gene Expression and Regulation during Xylem Development in “Shanxin” Hybrid Poplar (Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana). FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Xylem development is a key process for wood formation in woody plants. To study the molecular regulatory mechanisms related to xylem development in hybrid poplar P. davidiana × P. bolleana, transcriptome analyses were conducted on developing xylem at six different growth stages within a single growing season. Xylem development and differentially expressed genes in the six time points were selected for a regulatory analysis. Xylem development was observed in stem sections at different growth stages, which showed that xylem development extended from the middle of April to early August and included cell expansion and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. An RNA-seq analysis of six samples with three replicates was performed. After transcriptome assembly and annotation, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and expression analysis of the DEGs were performed on each sample. On average, we obtained >20 million clean reads per sample, which were assembled into 84,733 nonredundant transcripts, of which there were 17,603 unigenes with lengths >1 kb. There were 14,890 genes that were differentially expressed among the six stages. The upregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S1 vs. S2 or S3 vs. S4 and, in GO terms, related to phytohormones in the S1 vs. S2 or S4 vs. S5 comparisons. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S4 vs. S5 or S5 vs. S6 and, in GO terms, related to hormones between S1 vs. S2 or S2 vs. S3. The KEGG pathways in the DEGs related to “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” were significantly enriched among the different stages. The DEGs related to cell expansion, polysaccharide metabolism and synthesis, lignin synthesis, transcription factors and hormones were identified. The identification of genes involved in the regulation of xylem development will increase our understanding of the molecular regulation of wood formation in trees and, also, offers potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve the properties of wood.
Collapse
|
8
|
Galeano E, Thomas BR. Effect of elevated gibberellic acid application on growth and gene expression patterns in white spruce families from a tree improvement program in Alberta, Canada. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:472-490. [PMID: 33080619 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine open-pollinated families of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss from the Region D1 Controlled Parentage Program (Alberta, Canada) were systematically chosen from fast, medium and slow-growth rankings based on breeding values for height from field progeny tests at age 30 years. Seeds from these families were sown and grown to age 3 years to analyze the performance and correlations of growth, physiological traits and expression of gibberellin-related genes, with and without elevated gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) application, under greenhouse conditions. We observed a significant interaction effect between families and growth groups subjected to 50 μg μl-1 of GA3 treatment, causing a decrease in apical internode length, diameter, volume and absolute transcript level for fast-growing families but an increase for families in the slow-growth group for the same traits. We also observed that in the apical internode, the gene PgGA20ox1 had significantly more relative expression under the elevated GA3 treatment than the control trees. In the stem, PgGA3ox1 showed a significantly higher relative expression under elevated GA3 treatment compared with control trees. Also, the slow-growth group showed more relative expression of PgGA20ox1 (in the apical internode) and PgGA3ox1 (in the stem) than the fast-growth group. The apical internode length and diameter significantly increased by 24% and 16%, respectively, with the hormone treatment in the slow growing group. In general, the PgGID1 and PgDELLA1 genes were upregulated and downregulated respectively, in spruce shoots under the GA3 treatment, meaning a positive feedback regulation by those genes were influencing PgGA20ox1 and PgGA3ox1 expression in that tissue type. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between absolute transcript levels of PgGA20ox1 in the apical internode and apical internode length, and absolute transcript levels of PgGA3ox1 in the stem and the diameter, in the fast-growth group families. This study shows that expression of GA genes is a limiting factor for growth in certain white spruce families with a complex feedback mechanism. Finally, absolute transcript levels of endogenous GA relative to growth parameters in juvenile seedlings could potentially be used to accelerate the early selection of families with inherently rapid apical and radial growth expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Galeano
- Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Barb R Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
dos Santos RM, Diaz PAE, Lobo LLB, Rigobelo EC. Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Maize and Sugarcane: Characteristics and Applications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Bhat MA, Kumar V, Bhat MA, Wani IA, Dar FL, Farooq I, Bhatti F, Koser R, Rahman S, Jan AT. Mechanistic Insights of the Interaction of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) With Plant Roots Toward Enhancing Plant Productivity by Alleviating Salinity Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1952. [PMID: 32973708 PMCID: PMC7468593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. The sector is challenged by many stresses, which led to huge loss in plant productivity worldwide. The ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions, and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices that caused environmental disturbances confront mankind of escalating problems of food security and sustainability in agriculture. Escalating environmental problems and global hunger have led to the development and adoption of genetic engineering and other conventional plant breeding approaches in developing stress-tolerant varieties of crops. However, these approaches have drawn flaws in their adoption as the process of generating tolerant varieties takes months to years in bringing the technology from the lab to the field. Under such scenario, sustainable and climate-smart agricultural practices that avail bacterial usage open the avenues in fulfilling the incessant demand for food for the global population. Ensuring stability on economic fronts, bacteria minimizes plant salt uptake by trapping ions in their exopolysaccharide matrix besides checking the expression of Na+/H+ and high-affinity potassium transporters. Herein we describe information on salinity stress and its effect on plant health as well as strategies adopted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in helping plants to overcome salinity stress and in mitigating loss in overall plant productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-beneficial PGPR will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly, and climate-smart agricultural technologies for adoption in agriculture to overcome the constrained environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farhana Latief Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farha Bhatti
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rubina Koser
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen C, Liu C, Jiang A, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Hu W. miRNA and Degradome Sequencing Identify miRNAs and Their Target Genes Involved in the Browning Inhibition of Fresh-Cut Apples by Hydrogen Sulfide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8462-8470. [PMID: 32697084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface browning is the major limit for the shelf life of fresh-cut apples, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment can effectively inhibit the browning. However, the molecular mechanism on how fresh-cut apples respond to H2S was poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs, which regulate multiple crucial biological processes in almost all aspects of the life cycle. Herein, 12 small RNA libraries and one mixed degradome library were constructed from control and H2S-treated fresh-cut apples immediately after treatment (C0 and S0) and 6 d of storage (C6 and S6) at 4 °C. The results identified nine (three upregulated and six downregulated) and 10 (two upregulated and eight downregulated) differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in S0 versus C0 and S6 versus C6, respectively. The target genes of DEmiRNAs were transcription factors and functional proteins. The miR156 targeting SPL, miR164 targeting NAC, miR319 targeting TCP4, GAMYB, and acyl-CoA-binding protein 4, and miR6478 targeting patatin-like protein 2 might play important roles in the browning inhibition of fresh-cut apples by H2S via regulating the ROS, phenylpropanoid, and lipid metabolism. The results give valuable information for further studying the role of miRNA in regulating browning processes and the underlying molecular mechanism of H2S treatment on browning inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
KÜPLEMEZ H, YILDIRIM MU. Effects of Cytokinin and Auxin on Plant Development and Vascular Tissues in Lens culinaris. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.704271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Bhise KK, Dandge PB. Mitigation of salinity stress in plants using plant growth promoting bacteria. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Comprehensive Transcriptome Reveals an Opposite Regulatory Effect of Plant Growth Retardants in Controlling Seedling Overgrowth between Roots and Shoots. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133307. [PMID: 31284415 PMCID: PMC6650903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedling overgrowth always develops in undernourished plants due to biotic or abiotic stresses, which significantly decrease the yield of crops and vegetables. It is known that the plant growth retardants paclobutrazol (PBZ) and chlormequat chloride (CCC) are the most commonly used chemicals in controlling seedling height in plants by regulating the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway. However, the exact molecular regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. This study performed a comprehensive transcriptome profile to identify significantly differentially expressed genes after adding CCC and PBZ to the water culture seedling raising system for the first time. According to the obviously restrained shoots and roots, the GA biosynthesis genes were significantly decreased, as well as the endogenous GA content being reduced. Intriguingly, the GA signaling pathway genes were affected in opposite ways, increasing in roots but decreasing in shoots, especially regarding the phytochrome interacting factor SlPIF1 and the downstream genes expansins (SlEXPs), which promote cell wall remodeling. Further study found that the most down-regulated genes SlEXPA5 and SlEXPA15 were expressed specifically in shoot tissue, performing the function of repressing elongation, while the up-regulated genes SlEXPB2 and SlEXPB8 were proven to be root-specific expressed genes, which may promote horizontal elongation in roots. This research reported the comprehensive transcriptome profiling of plant growth retardants in controlling seedling overgrowth and restraining GA biosynthesis through the regulation of the GA signaling-related genes SlPIF1 and SlEXPs, with an opposite expression pattern between roots and shoots.
Collapse
|
15
|
Exogenous Application of Phytohormones Promotes Growth and Regulates Expression of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030792. [PMID: 30759868 PMCID: PMC6387376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although phytohormones are known to be important signal molecules involved in wood formation, their roles are still largely unclear. Here, Populus simonii × P. nigra seedlings were treated with different concentrations of exogenous phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and brassinosteroid (BR), and the effects of phytohormones on growth were investigated. Next, 27 genes with known roles in wood formation were selected for qPCR analysis to determine tissue-specificity and timing of responses to phytohormone treatments. Compared to the control, most IAA, GA3, and BR concentrations significantly increased seedling height. Meanwhile, IAA induced significant seedling stem diameter and cellulose content increases that peaked at 3 and 30 mg·L−1, respectively. Significant increase in cellulose content was also observed in seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 GA3. Neither stem diameter nor cellulose content of seedlings were affected by BR treatment significantly, although slight effects were observed. Anatomical measurements demonstrated improved xylem, but not phloem, development in IAA- and BR-treated seedlings. Most gene expression patterns induced by IAA, GA3, and BR differed among tissues. Many IAA response genes were also regulated by GA3, while BR-induced transcription was weaker and slower in Populus than for IAA and GA3. These results reveal the roles played by phytohormones in plant growth and lay the foundation for exploring molecular regulatory mechanisms of wood formation in Populus.
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh V, Sergeeva L, Ligterink W, Aloni R, Zemach H, Doron-Faigenboim A, Yang J, Zhang P, Shabtai S, Firon N. Gibberellin Promotes Sweetpotato Root Vascular Lignification and Reduces Storage-Root Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1320. [PMID: 31849998 PMCID: PMC6897044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato yield depends on a change in the developmental fate of adventitious roots into storage-roots. The mechanisms underlying this developmental switch are still unclear. We examined the hypothesis claiming that regulation of root lignification determines storage-root formation. We show that application of the plant hormone gibberellin increased stem elongation and root gibberellin levels, while having inhibitory effects on root system parameters, decreasing lateral root number and length, and significantly reducing storage-root number and diameter. Furthermore, gibberellin enhanced root xylem development, caused increased lignin deposition, and, at the same time, decreased root starch accumulation. In accordance with these developmental effects, gibberellin application upregulated expression levels of sweetpotato orthologues of Arabidopsis vascular development regulators (IbNA075, IbVND7, and IbSND2) and of lignin biosynthesis genes (IbPAL, IbC4H, Ib4CL, IbCCoAOMT, and IbCAD), while downregulating starch biosynthesis genes (IbAGPase and IbGBSS) in the roots. Interestingly, gibberellin downregulated root expression levels of orthologues of the Arabidopsis BREVIPEDICELLUS transcription factor (IbKN2 and IbKN3), regulator of meristem maintenance. The results substantiate our hypothesis and mark gibberellin as an important player in regulation of sweetpotato root development, suggesting that increased fiber formation and lignification inhibit storage-root formation and yield. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying sweetpotato storage-root formation and provide a valuable database of genes for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Lidiya Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Roni Aloni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jun Yang
- Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Shabtai
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nurit Firon
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Nurit Firon,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu QY, Guo GS, Qiu ZF, Li XD, Zeng BS, Fan CJ. Exogenous GA 3 application altered morphology, anatomic and transcriptional regulatory networks of hormones in Eucalyptus grandis. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1107-1119. [PMID: 29423752 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play a key role in plant growth and development including cell elongation, cell expansion, and xylem differentiation. Eucalyptus are the world's most widely planted hardwood trees providing fiber and energy. However, the roles of GAs in Eucalyptus remain unclear and their effects on xylem development remain to be determined. In this study, E. grandis plants were treated with 0.10 mg L-1 GA3 and/or paclobutrazol (PAC, a GA inhibitor). The growth of shoot and root were recorded, transverse sections of roots and stems were stained using toluidine blue, and expression levels of genes related to hormone response and secondary cell wall biosynthesis were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that GA3 dramatically promoted the length of shoot and root, but decreased the diameter of root and stem. Exogenous GA3 application also significantly promoted xylem development in both stem and root. Expression analysis revealed that exogenous GA3 application altered the transcript levels of genes related to the GA biosynthetic pathway and GA signaling, as well as genes related to auxin, cytokinin, and secondary cell wall. These findings suggest that GAs may interact with other hormones (such as auxin and cytokinin) to regulate the expression of secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes and trigger xylogenesis in Eucalyptus plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Sheng Guo
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Fei Qiu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Shan Zeng
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Jie Fan
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Etesami H, Beattie GA. Mining Halophytes for Plant Growth-Promoting Halotolerant Bacteria to Enhance the Salinity Tolerance of Non-halophytic Crops. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:148. [PMID: 29472908 PMCID: PMC5809494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Interest is increasing in the application of PGPRs (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) to ameliorate stresses such as salinity stress in crop production. The identification of salt-tolerant, or halophilic, PGPRs has the potential to promote saline soil-based agriculture. Halophytes are a useful reservoir of halotolerant bacteria with plant growth-promoting capabilities. Here, we review recent studies on the use of halophilic PGPRs to stimulate plant growth and increase the tolerance of non-halophytic crops to salinity. These studies illustrate that halophilic PGPRs from the rhizosphere of halophytic species can be effective bio-inoculants for promoting the production of non-halophytic species in saline soils. These studies support the viability of bioinoculation with halophilic PGPRs as a strategy for the sustainable enhancement of non-halophytic crop growth. The potential of this strategy is discussed within the context of ensuring sustainable food production for a world with an increasing population and continuing climate change. We also explore future research needs for using halotolerant PGPRs under salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gwyn A. Beattie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mo Z, Feng G, Su W, Liu Z, Peng F. Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Grafting Union Development in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020071. [PMID: 29401757 PMCID: PMC5852567 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), as a popular nut tree, has been widely planted in China in recent years. Grafting is an important technique for its cultivation. For a successful grafting, graft union development generally involves the formation of callus and vascular bundles at the graft union. To explore the molecular mechanism of graft union development, we applied high throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of graft union at four timepoints (0 days, 8 days, 15 days, and 30 days) during the pecan grafting process. After de novo assembly, 83,693 unigenes were obtained, and 40,069 of them were annotated. A total of 12,180 differentially expressed genes were identified between by grafting. Genes involved in hormone signaling, cell proliferation, xylem differentiation, cell elongation, secondary cell wall deposition, programmed cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging showed significant differential expression during the graft union developmental process. In addition, we found that the content of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin were accumulated at the graft unions during the grafting process. These results will aid in our understanding of successful grafting in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Mo
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Gang Feng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Wenchuan Su
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Fangren Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Falcioni R, Moriwaki T, de Oliveira DM, Andreotti GC, de Souza LA, dos Santos WD, Bonato CM, Antunes WC. Increased Gibberellins and Light Levels Promotes Cell Wall Thickness and Enhance Lignin Deposition in Xylem Fibers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1391. [PMID: 30294339 PMCID: PMC6158321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and hormones (gibberellins; GAs) alter plant growth and development. A fine regulation triggered by light and GAs induces changes in stem cell walls (CW). Cross-talk between light-stimulated and GAs-induced processes as well as the phenolic compounds metabolism leads to modifications in lignin formation and deposition on cell walls. How these factors (light and GAs) promote changes in lignin content and composition. In addition, structural changes were evaluated in the stem anatomy of tobacco plants. GA3 was sprayed onto the leaves and paclobutrazol (PAC), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, via soil, at different irradiance levels. Fluorescence microscopy techniques were applied to detect lignin, and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) was used to obtain details on cell wall structure. Furthermore, determination of total lignin and monomer contents were analyzed. Both light and GAs induces increased lignin content and CW thickening as well as greater number of fiber-like cells but not tracheary elements. The assays demonstrate that light exerts a role in lignification under GA3 supplementation. In addition, the existence of an exclusive response mechanism to light was detected, that GAs are not able to replace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renan Falcioni, Werner Camargos Antunes, ;
| | - Thaise Moriwaki
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dyoni Matias de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Giovana Castelani Andreotti
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio de Souza
- Laboratório de Histotécnica e Anatomia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Dantas dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carlos Moacir Bonato
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renan Falcioni, Werner Camargos Antunes, ;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martínez-Andújar C, Albacete A, Martínez-Pérez A, Pérez-Pérez JM, Asins MJ, Pérez-Alfocea F. Root-to-Shoot Hormonal Communication in Contrasting Rootstocks Suggests an Important Role for the Ethylene Precursor Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid in Mediating Plant Growth under Low-Potassium Nutrition in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1782. [PMID: 27965690 PMCID: PMC5126091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Selection and breeding of rootstocks that can tolerate low K supply may increase crop productivity in low fertility soils and reduce fertilizer application. However, the underlying physiological traits are still largely unknown. In this study, 16 contrasting recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between domestic and wild tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum pimpinellifolium) have been used to analyse traits related to the rootstock-mediated induction of low (L, low shoot fresh weight) or high (H, high shoot fresh weight) vigor to a commercial F1 hybrid grown under control (6 mM, c) and low-K (1 mM, k). Based on hormonal and ionomic composition in the root xylem sap and the leaf nutritional status after long-term (7 weeks) exposure low-K supply, a model can be proposed to explain the rootstocks effects on shoot performance with the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) playing a pivotal negative role. The concentration of this hormone was higher in the low-vigor Lc and Lk rootstocks under both conditions, increased in the sensitive HcLk plants under low-K while it was reduced in the high-vigor Hk ones. Low ACC levels would promote the transport of K vs. Na in the vigorous Hk grafted plants. Along with K, Ca, and S, micronutrient uptake and transport were also activated in the tolerant Hk combinations under low-K. Additionally, an interconversion of trans-zeatin into trans-zeatin riboside would contribute to decrease ACC in the tolerant LcHk plants. The high vigor induced by the Hk plants can also be explained by an interaction of ACC with other hormones (cytokinins and salicylic, abscisic and jasmonic acids). Therefore, Hk rootstocks convert an elite tomato F1 cultivar into a (micro) nutrient-efficient phenotype, improving growth under reduced K fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CSIC)Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Asins
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA)Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|