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Zhuang D, Wang Y, Wang S, Li R, Ahmad HN, Zhu J. Enhanced environmental stress resistance and functional properties of the curcumin-shellac nano-delivery system: Anti-flocculation of poly-γ-glutamic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131607. [PMID: 38631573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin was widely designed as nanoparticles to remove application restrictions. The occurrence of flocculation is a primary factor limiting the application of the curcumin nano-delivery system. To enhance the environmental stress resistance and functional properties of shellac-curcumin nanoparticles (S-Cur-NPs), γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) was utilized as an anti-flocculant. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of S-Cur-NPs were also improved with γ-PGA incorporation. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of amorphous characteristics in S-Cur-NPs and the combination of γ-PGA and shellac was driven by hydrogen bonding. The hydrophilic, thermodynamic, and surface potential of S-Cur-NPs was improved by the incorporation of γ-PGA. This contribution of γ-PGA on S-Cur-NPs effectively mitigated the flocculation occurrence during heating, storage, and in-vitro digestive treatment. Furthermore, it was revealed that γ-PGA enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of S-Cur-NPs and effectively protected the functional activity against heating, storage, and in-vitro digestion. Release studies conducted in simulated gastrointestinal fluids revealed that S-Cur-NPs have targeted intestinal release properties. Overall, the design of shellac with γ-PGA was a promising strategy to relieve the application stress of shellac and curcumin in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhuang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shancan Wang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hafiz Nabeel Ahmad
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Egorova A, Shtykalova S, Maretina M, Freund S, Selutin A, Shved N, Selkov S, Kiselev A. Serum-Resistant Ternary DNA Polyplexes for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:34. [PMID: 38203202 PMCID: PMC10778803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a prevalent benign tumor in women that frequently gives rise to a multitude of reproductive complications. The use of suicide gene therapy has been proposed as a highly promising method for treating UL. To achieve successful gene therapy, it is essential to develop carriers that can efficiently transport nucleic acids into targeted cells and tissues. The instability of polyplexes in blood and other biological fluids is a crucial factor to consider when using non-viral carriers. In this study, we present serum-resistant and cRGD-modified DNA complexes for targeted delivery genes to UL cells. Ternary polyplexes were formed by incorporating cystine-cross-linked polyglutamic acid modified with histidine residues. We employed two techniques in the production of cross-linked polyanionic coating: matrix polymerization and oxidative polycondensation. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of ternary DNA complexes, including the size and zeta-potential of the nanoparticles. Additionally, we evaluated cellular uptake, toxicity levels, transfection efficiency and specificity in vitro. The study involved introducing the HSV-TK gene into primary UL cells as a form of suicide gene therapy modeling. We have effectively employed ternary peptide-based complexes for gene delivery into the UL organtypic model. By implementing in situ suicide gene therapy, the increase in apoptosis genes expression was detected, providing conclusive evidence of apoptosis occurring in the transfected UL tissues. The results of the study strongly suggest that the developed ternary polyplexes show potential as a valuable tool in the implementation of suicide gene therapy for UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Alexander Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Shved
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sergei Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
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Mohammadzadeh V, Rahiman N, Cabral H, Quader S, Zirak MR, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Jaafari MR, Alavizadeh SH. Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles as adjuvant and antigen carrier system for cancer vaccination. J Control Release 2023; 362:278-296. [PMID: 37640110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an innovative strategy for cancer treatment by leveraging various components of the patients' immunity to boost an anti-tumor immune response. Rationally designed nanoparticles are well suited to maximize cancer vaccination by the inclusion of immune stimulatory adjuvants. Also, nanoparticles might control the pharmacokinetics and destination of the immune potentiating compounds. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) based nanoparticles (NPs), which have a natural origin, can be easily taken up by dendritic cells (DCs), which leads to the secretion of cytokines which ameliorates the stimulation capacity of T cells. The intrinsic adjuvant properties and antigen carrier properties of γ-PGA NPs have been the focus of recent investigations as they can modulate the tumor microenvironment, can contribute to systemic anti-tumor immunity and subsequently inhibit tumor growth. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the potential of γ-PGA NPs as antigen carriers and/or adjuvants for anti-cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Dorost P, García-Alvarez M, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Hydrophobic Modification of Poly(γ-glutamic acid) by Grafting 4-Phenyl-butyl Side Groups for the Encapsulation and Release of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051377. [PMID: 37242619 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of drugs is a great challenge, since most of active pharmaceutical ingredients developed today are hydrophobic and poorly water soluble. From this perspective, drug encapsulation on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers can surpass this problem. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGGA), a bioedible and biocompatible polymer has been chosen for this purpose. Carboxylic side groups of PGGA have been partially esterified with 4-phenyl-butyl bromide, producing a series of aliphatic-aromatic ester derivatives with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances. Using nanoprecipitation or emulsion/evaporation methods, these copolymers were self-assembled in a water solution, forming nanoparticles with average diameters between 89 and 374 nm and zeta potential values between -13.1 and -49.5 mV. The hydrophobic core containing 4-phenyl-butyl side groups was used for the encapsulation of an anticancer drug, such as Doxorubicin (DOX). The highest encapsulation efficiency was reached for a copolymer derived from PGGA, with a 46 mol% degree of esterification. Drug release studies carried out for 5 days at different pHs (4.2 and 7.4) indicated that DOX was released faster at pH 4.2, revealing the potential of these nanoparticles as chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porochista Dorost
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Alvarez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Parati M, Philip C, Mendrek B, Townrow D, Khalil I, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Stanley M, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G, Radecka I. A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate for Bacillus subtilis natto production of γ-PGA. Front Chem 2023; 11:1158147. [PMID: 37153520 PMCID: PMC10158937 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a bio-derived water-soluble, edible, hydrating, non-immunogenic polymer. Bacillus subtilis natto is a wild-type γ-PGA producer originally isolated from Japanese fermented natto beans whose activity has been shown to be enhanced through ion-specific activation of Extrachromosomal DNA maintenance mechanisms. Being a GRAS γ-PGA producer, this microorganism has attracted great interest in its use within an industrial context. Here we successfully synthesised amorphous, crystalline and semi-crystalline γ-PGA between 11-27 g/L. In line with circular economy principles, scalable macroalgal biomass has been evaluated as substrate for γ-PGA, displaying great potential in both yields and material composition. In this study whole cell, freeze dried seaweed -namely Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta-were pre-treated by means of mechanical methods, sterilised and subsequently inoculated with B. subtilis natto. High shear mixing was found to be the most suitable pre-treatment technique. Supplemented L. digitata (9.1 g/L), S. latissima (10.2 g/L), A. esculenta (13 g/L) displayed γ-PGA yields comparable to those of standard GS media (14.4 g/L). Greatest yields of pure γ-PGA were obtained during the month of June for L. digitata (Avg. 4.76 g/L) comparable to those obtained with GS media (7.0 g/L). Further, pre-treated S. latissima and L. digitata complex media enabled for high molar mass (4,500 kDa) γ-PGA biosynthesis at 8.6 and 8.7 g/L respectively. Compared to standard GS media, algal derived γ-PGA displayed significantly higher molar masses. Further studies will be necessary to further evaluate the impact of varying ash contents upon the stereochemical properties and modify the properties of algal media based γ-PGA with the aid of key nutrients; however, the material synthesised to date can directly displace a number of fossil fuel derived chemicals in drug delivery applications, cosmetics, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, flocculation and as cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Parati
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mattia Parati, ; Iza Radecka,
| | - Catherine Philip
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - David Townrow
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michele Stanley
- Scottish Association for Marine Sciences, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iza Radecka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mattia Parati, ; Iza Radecka,
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Wang D, Fu X, Zhou D, Gao J, Bai W. Engineering of a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01 for poly-γ-glutamic acid production from citric acid. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:276. [PMID: 36581997 PMCID: PMC9798646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising biopolymer for various applications. For glutamic acid-independent strains, the titer of γ-PGA is too low to meet the industrial demand. In this study, we isolated a novel γ-PGA-producing strain, Bacillus tequilensis BL01, and multiple genetic engineering strategies were implemented to improve γ-PGA production. RESULTS First, the one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and temperature on γ-PGA production. The optimal sources of carbon and nitrogen were sucrose and (NH4)2SO4 at 37 °C, respectively. Second, the sucA, gudB, pgdS, and ggt genes were knocked out simultaneously, which increased the titer of γ-PGA by 1.75 times. Then, the titer of γ-PGA increased to 18.0 ± 0.3 g/L by co-overexpression of the citZ and pyk genes in the mutant strain. Furthermore, the γ-PGA titer reached 25.3 ± 0.8 g/L with a productivity of 0.84 g/L/h and a yield of 1.50 g of γ-PGA/g of citric acid in fed-batch fermentation. It should be noted that this study enables the synthesis of low (1.84 × 105 Da) and high (2.06 × 106 Da) molecular weight of γ-PGA by BL01 and the engineering strain. CONCLUSION The application of recently published strategies to successfully improve γ-PGA production for the new strain B. tequilensis BL01 is reported. The titer of γ-PGA increased 2.17-fold and 1.32-fold compared with that of the wild type strain in the flask and 5 L fermenter. The strain shows excellent promise as a γ-PGA producer compared with previous studies. Meanwhile, different molecular weights of γ-PGA were obtained, enhancing the scope of application in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Xiaoping Fu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Dasen Zhou
- grid.413109.e0000 0000 9735 6249College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
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Sanchez Armengol E, Unterweger A, Laffleur F. PEGylated drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical field: past, present and future perspective. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:129-139. [PMID: 35822253 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Target-site drug delivery systems are gaining interest in the pharmaceutical field due to their great advantages, such as higher drug dosing capacity and better bioavailability. However, some existing problems need to be overcome. As an example, interaction between blood proteins and drug delivery systems. A potent candidate to approach the mentioned problem is based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface modifications. This polymer acts as a protector towards the external possible interactions with other compounds, making targeted delivery possible. Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, haemophilia and pain treatment can benefit from these new systems.This review aims to give an overview of drug delivery systems based on PEGylation as surface modification as pharmaceutical approach. Moreover, a deeper insight of the properties of PEG and its advantages is given, as well as brief overview of present therapies based on this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Unterweger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Hydrophilic Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Nanodrug Delivery System: Structural Influence and Antitumor Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112242. [PMID: 35683914 PMCID: PMC9182916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(amino acids) have advanced characteristics, including unique secondary structure, enzyme degradability, good biocompatibility, and stimuli responsibility, and are suitable as drug delivery nanocarriers for tumor therapy. The isoform structure of poly(amino acids) plays an important role in their antitumor efficacy and should be researched in detail. In this study, two kinds of pH-sensitive isoforms, including α-poly(glutamic acid) (α-PGA) and γ-PGA, were selected and used as nanocarriers to prepare a nanodrug delivery system. According to the preparation results, α-PGA can be used as an ideal drug carrier. Selecting doxorubicin (DOX) as the model drug, an α-PGA/DOX nanoparticle (α-PGA/DOX NPs) with a particle size of 110.4 nm was prepared, and the drug-loading content was 66.2%. α-PGA/DOX NPs presented obvious sustained and pH-dependent release characteristics. The IC50 value of α-PGA/DOX NPs was 1.06 ± 0.77 μg mL−1, decreasing by approximately 8.5 fold in vitro against 4T1 cells after incubation for 48 h. Moreover, α-PGA/DOX NPs enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo, the tumor inhibition rate was 67.4%, increasing 1.5 fold over DOX injection. α-PGA/DOX NPs also reduced the systemic toxicity and cardiotoxicity of DOX. In sum, α-PGA is a biosafe nanodrug delivery carrier with potential clinical application prospects.
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Enshaei H, Molina BG, Puiggalí-Jou A, Saperas N, Alemán C. Polypeptide hydrogel loaded with conducting polymer nanoparticles as electroresponsive delivery system of small hydrophobic drugs. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Coelho MAN, Pereira MC. Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Nanocarriers: Overcoming Barriers to Treat Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020279. [PMID: 35214012 PMCID: PMC8880499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain tumor, and the clinically available approaches for its treatment are not curative. Despite the intensive research, biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cell membranes are major obstacles to developing novel effective therapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored as drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve GBM therapeutic strategies. NPs can circumvent many of the biological barriers posed by this devastating disease, enhancing drug accumulation in the target site. This can be achieved by employing strategies to target the transferrin receptor (TfR), which is heavily distributed in BBB and GBM cells. These targeting strategies comprise the modification of NPs’ surface with various molecules, such as transferrin (Tf), antibodies, and targeting peptides. This review provides an overview and discussion on the recent advances concerning the strategies to target the TfR in the treatment of GBM, as their benefits and limitations.
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Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM. Polymer-Based Nanosystems-A Versatile Delivery Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6812. [PMID: 34832213 PMCID: PMC8619478 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles of tailored size, morphology, and surface properties have attracted increasing attention as carriers for drugs, biomolecules, and genes. By protecting the payload from degradation and maintaining sustained and controlled release of the drug, polymeric nanoparticles can reduce drug clearance, increase their cargo's stability and solubility, prolong its half-life, and ensure optimal concentration at the target site. The inherent immunomodulatory properties of specific polymer nanoparticles, coupled with their drug encapsulation ability, have raised particular interest in vaccine delivery. This paper aims to review current and emerging drug delivery applications of both branched and linear, natural, and synthetic polymer nanostructures, focusing on their role in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov no. 3, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
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Yu G, Yang C, Dan N, Dan W, Chen Y. Polyglutamic acid grafted dopamine modified collagen-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for a potential wound dressing. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:293-304. [PMID: 34602850 PMCID: PMC8480661 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1984007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural collagen has good biocompatibility and ability to promote tissue regeneration and repair, but the poor mechanical properties and intolerance of degradation of natural collagen limit its applications in the biomedical field. In this research, we synthesized a skin wound repair hydrogel with good biological activity, high strength and excellent water absorption properties. Inspired by the theory of wet healing, dopamine was introduced into the side chain of the water-absorbing polymer polyglutamic acid to synthesize a cross-linking agent (PGAD) with both water absorption and cell adhesion ablities, and then it was introduced into collagen/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-COL) system to form a double network hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope observation of the morphological characteristics of the hydrogel showed that after the introduction of PGAD, the hydrogel formed an obvious pore structure, and the swelling rate showed that the introduction of PGAD significantly improved the water absorption rate of the hydrogel.In addition, PVA-COL-PGAD hydrogel has good mechanical properties and water absorption behavior.In vitro experimental results revealed that the hydrogel has good biocompatibility. In vivo wound healing experiments showed that hydrogel can promote wound healing process.These results indicated that our hydrogel has great potential as a medical wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changkai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nianhua Dan
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihua Dan
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yining Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Motiei M, Aboutalebi F, Forouzanfar M, Dormiani K, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ. Smart co-delivery of miR-34a and cytotoxic peptides (LTX-315 and melittin) by chitosan based polyelectrolyte nanocarriers for specific cancer cell death induction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112258. [PMID: 34474818 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel polyelectrolyte nanocarrier was synthesized via layer-by-layer self-assembly of polycationic and polyanionic chains. The nanocarrier is composed of polyglutamate grafted chitosan core, dextran sulfate as a complexing agent, and polyethyleneimine shell decorated with folic acid. This polyelectrolyte complex has unique physicochemical properties so that the core is considered as an efficient carrier for LTX-315 and melittin peptides, and the shell is suitable for delivery of miR-34a. The spherical nanocarriers with an average size of 123 ± 5 nm and a zeta potential of -36 ± 1 mV demonstrated controlled-release of gene and peptides ensured a synergistic effect in establishing multiple cell death pathways on chemoresistance human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-231. In vitro cell viability assays also revealed no cytotoxicity for the nanocarriers, and an IC50 of 15 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL for melittin and LTX-315, respectively, after 48 h, whereas co-delivery of melittin with miR-34a increased smart death induction by 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motiei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran; Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Aboutalebi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kianoush Dormiani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran.
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Balogun-Agbaje OA, Odeniyi OA, Odeniyi MA. Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer of microbial origin, consisting of repeating units of l-glutamic acid and/or D-glutamic acid. The biopolymer has found use in the fields of agriculture, food, wastewater, and medicine, owing to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Due to its biodegradability, γ-PGA is being tipped to dislodge synthetic plastics in drug delivery application. High cost of production, relative to plastics, is however a clog in the wheel of achieving this.
Main body of abstract
This review looked at the production, nanoparticles fabrication, and drug delivery application of γ-PGA. γ-PGA production optimization by modifying the fermentation medium to tailor towards the production of desirable polymer at reduced cost and techniques for the formulation of γ-PGA nanoparticle as well as its characterization were discussed. This review also evaluated the application of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles in the delivery of drugs to action site. Characterization of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles is a crucial step towards determining the applicability of the biopolymer. γ-PGA has been used in the delivery of active agents to action sites.
Conclusion
This review highlights some of the efforts that have been made in the appraisal of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles for drug delivery. γ-PGA is a candidate for future extensive use in drug delivery.
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Blanco FG, Hernández N, Rivero-Buceta V, Maestro B, Sanz JM, Mato A, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Prieto MA. From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061492. [PMID: 34200068 PMCID: PMC8228158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biopolymers are naturally occurring materials comprising a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures that can be produced from renewable sources following the principles of the circular economy. Over the last decades, they have gained substantial interest in the biomedical field as drug nanocarriers, implantable material coatings, and tissue-regeneration scaffolds or membranes due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability into nonhazardous disintegration products, and their mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human tissues. The present review focuses upon three technologically advanced bacterial biopolymers, namely, bacterial cellulose (BC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), as models of different carbon-backbone structures (polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides) produced by bacteria that are suitable for biomedical applications in nanoscale systems. This selection models evidence of the wide versatility of microorganisms to generate biopolymers by diverse metabolic strategies. We highlight the suitability for applied sustainable bioprocesses for the production of BC, PHA, and PGA based on renewable carbon sources and the singularity of each process driven by bacterial machinery. The inherent properties of each polymer can be fine-tuned by means of chemical and biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering and peptide functionalization, to further expand their structural diversity and their applicability as nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Blanco
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Maestro
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aránzazu Mato
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Arriaga
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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A Novel Formulation of Cisplatin with γ-Polyglutamic Acid and Chitosan Reduces Its Adverse Renal Effects: An In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111803. [PMID: 34070811 PMCID: PMC8198433 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) is a key chemotherapeutic agent but causes renal damage and other off-target effects. Here, we describe the pharmacological and biochemical characteristics of a novel formulation of CDDP complexed with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and chitosan (CS), γ-PGA/CDDP-CS, developed by complexing CDDP with γ-PGA, then adding CS (15 kDa; 10 mol%/γ-PGA). We analyzed tumor cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as blood kinetics, acute toxicity, and antitumor efficacy in vivo in BALB/cAJcl mice. γ-PGA/CDDP-CS showed pH-dependent release in vitro over 12 days (9.1% CDDP released at pH 7.4; 49.9% at pH 5.5). It showed in vitro cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner similar to that of uncomplexed CDDP. In a mesothelioma-bearing mouse model, a 15 mg/kg dose of CDDP inhibited tumor growth regardless of the type of formulation, complexed or uncomplexed; however, all mice in the uncomplexed CDDP group died within 13 days. γ-PGA/CDDP-CS was as effective as free CDDP in vivo but much less toxic.
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Surface Functionalization of PLGA Nanoparticles to Increase Transport across the BBB for Alzheimer’s Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for about 60% of all diagnosed cases of dementia worldwide. Although there are currently several drugs marketed for its treatment, none are capable of slowing down or stopping the progression of AD. The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in the design of a successful treatment for this neurodegenerative disease. Nanosized particles have been proposed as suitable drug delivery systems to overcome BBB with the purpose of increasing bioavailability of drugs in the brain. Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) have been particularly regarded as promising drug delivery systems as they can be surface-tailored with functionalized molecules for site-specific targeting. In this review, a thorough discussion about the most recent functionalization strategies based on PLGA-NPs for AD and their mechanisms of action is provided, together with a description of AD pathogenesis and the role of the BBB in brain targeting.
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Motiei M, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Chemical stabilization of γ-polyglutamate by chitosan and the effect of co-solvents on the stability. Biophys Chem 2021; 275:106605. [PMID: 33964508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In protein-based formulations, conformational distortions and attractive interactions may cause insoluble and undesired aggregates. In the case of ionic peptides, including cationic or anionic, commonly electrostatic interactions are the main factors that control structure assembling. In this study, it was proposed that grafting of chitosan (CS) to γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) might exhibit much strong inhibiting effect on the formation of protein aggregates due to multiple amino groups and hydrophilic properties. To guarantee stable and safe biopharmaceutical formulation, the potency of a variety of stabilizers including sugars (glucose, sucrose), polyols (sorbitol, glycerol), surfactant (Tween 20), salting-out salt (PBS), and also different pH values have been evaluated on stabilizing or destabilizing the native state of CS-g-PGA copolymer using FTIR, CD, DLS, and SDS-PAGE. The comparable analysis revealed that the stability of CS-g-PGA was strongly dependent on pH owing to the polyelectrolyte characteristics of the polymers. Altogether these results implied that CS at optimized conditions might be an important precursor for the pharmaceutical industry and function as a new polymer for aggregation suppression and protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motiei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran; Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
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Park SB, Sung MH, Uyama H, Han DK. Poly(glutamic acid): Production, composites, and medical applications of the next-generation biopolymer. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Wang L, Liu C, Qiao F, Li M, Xin H, Chen N, Wu Y, Liu J. Analysis of the cytotoxic effects, cellular uptake and cellular distribution of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles in glioblastoma cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 33717235 PMCID: PMC7885080 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor. Although treatments for glioblastoma have been improved recently, patients still suffer from local recurrence in addition to poor prognosis. Previous studies have indicated that the efficacy of chemotherapeutic or bioactive agents is severely compromised by the blood-brain barrier and the inherent drug resistance of glioblastoma. The present study developed a delivery system to improve the efficiency of delivering therapeutic agents into glioblastoma cells. The anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) was packed into nanoparticles that were composed of amphiphilic poly (γ-glutamic-acid-maleimide-co-L-lactide)-1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolaminecopolymer conjugated with targeting moiety transferrin (Tf). The Tf nanoparticles (Tf-NPs) may enter glioblastoma cells via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to explore the cytotoxic effects, cellular uptake and cellular distribution of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles. The results indicated that both PTX and PTX-Tf-NPs inhibited the viability of rat glioblastoma C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but the PTX-Tf-NPs exhibited a greater inhibitory effect compared with PTX, even at higher concentrations (0.4, 2 and 10 µg/ml). However, both PTX and PTX-Tf-NPs exhibited a reduced inhibitory effect on the viability of mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells compared with that on C6 cells. Additionally, in contrast to PTX alone, PTX-Tf-NPs treatment of C6 cells at lower concentrations (0.0032, 0.0160 and 0.0800 µg/ml) induced increased G2/M arrest, although this difference did not occur at a higher drug concentration (0.4 µg/ml). It was observed that FITC-labeled PTX-Tf-NPs were endocytosed by C6 cells within 4 h. Furthermore, FITC-labeled PTX-Tf-NPs or Tf-NPs co-localized with a lysosomal tracker, Lysotracker Red DND-99. These results of the present study indicated that Tf-NPs enhanced the cytotoxicity of PTX in glioblastoma C6 cells, suggesting that PTX-Tf-NPs should be further explored in animal models of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xin
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Junxing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Formulation and optimization of gefitinib-loaded nanosuspension prepared using a newly developed dendritic lipopeptide oligomer material. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fabozzi A, Della Sala F, di Gennaro M, Solimando N, Pagliuca M, Borzacchiello A. Polymer based nanoparticles for biomedical applications by microfluidic techniques: from design to biological evaluation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of microfluidic technologies represents a new strategy to produce and test drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fabozzi
- ALTERGON ITALIA S.r.l., Zona Industriale ASI, 83040 Morra De Sanctis, AV, Italy
| | - Francesca Della Sala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario di Gennaro
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Solimando
- ALTERGON ITALIA S.r.l., Zona Industriale ASI, 83040 Morra De Sanctis, AV, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pagliuca
- ALTERGON ITALIA S.r.l., Zona Industriale ASI, 83040 Morra De Sanctis, AV, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy
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Recognition and selective extraction of poly-γ-glutamic acid based on molecular imprinting technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 172:1-9. [PMID: 33383078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is one of the few bacterial polymers in nature with high added value of biodegradability. Especially, the traditional method of extracting γ-PGA is organic solvent extraction, etc., which has the disadvantages of low extraction rate and serious environmental pollution. With the expansion of γ-PGA industrial fermentation, an efficient and environmentally friendly method is required to be adopted. In this contribution, we report a novel method of separation of γ-PGA from fermentation broth based on molecular imprinting technology. The molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized from chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde in the presence of γ-PGA. A nonimprinted polymer (NIP) was also synthesized by the same procedure in the absence of γ-PGA. The chemical structures and morphological structures of both MIP and NIP were examined by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption isotherms showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MIP was 137.85 mg/g. The maximum adsorption capacity in the adsorption of NIP was 68.92 mg/g, which indicates that MIP shows specific selectivity for γ-PGA. A high saturated absorption capacity (Qmax=140.90 mg/g) was calculated from Freundlich isotherm equation. The imprinting factor of MIP was 4.76, indicating that MIP possess good recognition ability and selectivity for γ-PGA. The adsorption capacity decreased slightly (17.0%), which suggests the satisfactory reusability of γ-PGA after 5 cycles of reuse. Our study indicates that molecularly imprinted polymers present development prospects in the effective and selective separation of γ-PGA from fermentation broth compared with organic solvent precipitation.
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Laffleur F, Keckeis V. Advances in drug delivery systems: Work in progress still needed? Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Poly-γ-Glutamate microneedles as transdermal immunomodulators for ameliorating atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:183-192. [PMID: 32688089 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common, relapsing, inflammatory disorder of the skin, is associated with T helper type 2 (Th2)-biased immune responses. Despite the efficacy of existing drugs for AD treatment, their safety and side effects cause concern. The present study describes the use of dissolvable poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) microneedles (MNs) with immunomodulatory effects for effectively relieving AD-like symptoms in Nc/Nga mice. γ-PGA MNs can easily penetrate the epidermis and release γ-PGA into the dendritic cell-rich dermis to interact with dendritic cells for modulating immune responses. Transdermal administration of high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1100 kDa) γ-PGA MNs significantly reduced clinical dermatitis scores, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration in mice by downregulating immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 levels (Th2-associated antibodies) compared with the AD control group. However, low-molecular-weight (200-400 kDa) γ-PGA MNs ameliorated AD-like skin lesions less effectively than HMW γ-PGA MNs, thus indicating that the MW of γ-PGA may affect its immunomodulatory properties. Notably, the mouse skin quickly recovered its barrier function within 4 h after MN application. No weight loss or abnormality was observed in the MN-treated mice during the 8-week treatment period. These results suggest that the γ-PGA MNs represent an innovative, safe, and reliable therapeutic strategy for AD management. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to explore the feasibility of using poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) microneedles (MNs) as transdermal immunomodulators for improving atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms and to evaluate their immunomodulatory effect in mice with spontaneously developed AD. Transdermal administration of γ-PGA MNs enables the γ-PGA to localize in the skin for activation of dermal dendritic cells, thus modulating immune responses. We demonstrate that high-molecular-weight γ-PGA MNs can be retained in the skin for at least 6 days and effectively suppress AD-like skin lesions in mice by reducing infiltration of mast cells and downregulating Th2-associated antibody production (IgE and IgG1). The developed MN device has the potential to replace conventional therapy and to become an innovative treatment strategy for AD.
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis 168 using glucose as the sole carbon source: A metabolomic analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Adeleye AT, Odoh CK, Enudi OC, Banjoko OO, Osiboye OO, Toluwalope Odediran E, Louis H. Sustainable synthesis and applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from biomass. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Inhibition of nattokinase against the production of poly (γ-glutamic Acid) in Bacillus subtilis natto. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2285-2291. [PMID: 32596743 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nattokinse (NK) on the synthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) in Bacillus subtilis natto. RESULTS γ-PGA yield significantly decreased as NK was added in the original medium. With the increment of NK dosage, the yield decreased increasingly, but biomass increased instead of decreasing. The fact that cell density triggers the synthesis of γ-PGA is a controversial issue. γ-PGA yield and biomass closely correlate with addition time of NK. The later the addition of NK, the more γ-PGA yield decreased but the more biomass increased. It is concluded that cell hunger is a key factor to trigger the transmission of the cell density signal, and NK may inhibit γ-PGA synthesis by alleviating cell hunger. Besides, NK may reduce γ-PGA yield by degrading extracellular γ-PGA molecules. The study of adding L-glutamate of 0-20 g/L to the original medium showed that low concentration of L-glutamate (less than 5 g/L) could promote the synthesis of NK and γ-PGA, and thus NK may inhibit γ-PGA synthesis through strengthening substrate competition. CONCLUSIONS NK mainly inhibits γ-PGA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis natto through alleviating cell starvation and strengthening substrate competition, and reduces γ-PGA yield through degrading extracellular γ-PGA molecules.
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Maghsoudi S, Taghavi Shahraki B, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Tavakolizadeh M, Ahmadi S, Rabiee M, Bagherzadeh M, Pourjavadi A, Farhadnejad H, Tahriri M, Webster TJ, Tayebi L. Burgeoning Polymer Nano Blends for Improved Controlled Drug Release: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4363-4392. [PMID: 32606683 PMCID: PMC7314622 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With continual rapid developments in the biomedical field and understanding of the important mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of biological molecules, controlled drug delivery systems (CDDSs) have been at the forefront over conventional drug delivery systems. Over the past several years, scientists have placed boundless energy and time into exploiting a wide variety of excipients, particularly diverse polymers, both natural and synthetic. More recently, the development of nano polymer blends has achieved noteworthy attention due to their amazing properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and more importantly, their pivotal role in controlled and sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo. These compounds come with a number of effective benefits for improving problems of targeted or controlled drug and gene delivery systems; thus, they have been extensively used in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, they are quite attractive for wound dressings, textiles, tissue engineering, and biomedical prostheses. In this sense, some important and workable natural polymers (namely, chitosan (CS), starch and cellulose) and some applicable synthetic ones (such as poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-glycolic acid (PGA)) have played an indispensable role over the last two decades for their therapeutic effects owing to their appealing and renewable biological properties. According to our data, this is the first review article highlighting CDDSs composed of diverse natural and synthetic nano biopolymers, blended for biological purposes, mostly over the past five years; other reviews have just briefly mentioned the use of such blended polymers. We, additionally, try to make comparisons between various nano blending systems in terms of improved sustained and controlled drug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tavakolizadeh
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran11365-9516, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran11365-9516, Iran
| | - Hassan Farhadnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
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Yu J, Wu N, Zheng X, Zheng M. Preparation of water-soluble chitosan/poly-gama-glutamic acid-tanshinone IIA encapsulation composite and its in vitro/in vivo drug release properties. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:045020. [PMID: 33444280 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab9ab2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Some diseases could be treated by Tanshinone IIA (TA), which is an isolated component from the Chinese medicinal herb Tanshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). However, the poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability of TA limited its clinical application. In this paper, TA was encapsulated by water - soluble chitosan/poly - γ - glutamic acid (WCS-γ-PGA) to improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability. The in vitro dissolution and in vivo metabolism of the encapsulated composite in rats were employed to evaluate the efficiency of the improvement. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to confirm the validity of encapsulation for TA by WCS-γ-PGA. The study's results showed that the optimal ratio of TA to drug carrier (WCS + γ-PGA) was 1:5.5 in weight with a reaction time of 1 h at room temperature for the encapsulation. The proper concentrations for WCS and TA in preparing the encapsulated composite using γ-PGA 0.125 mg ml-1 were 6 mg ml-1 and 1 mg ml-1, respectively; The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency of WCS-γ-PGA-TA composite were (93.99 ± 2.20)% and (10.73 ± 0.75)%, respectively. The cumulative release of TA from the WCS-γ-PGA-TA encapsulated composite reached to 81% within 60 min, which was 5.56 times of that of the original TA in vitro dissolution. The peak concentration Cmax of TA from the encapsulated composite in rat blood as measured by an ultracentrifugation test of an intra - gastric administration was 4.43 times that of the original TA concentration, and the area under the drug-time curve AUC (0-t) and AUC (0-∞) (p<0.01) of the WCS-γ-PGA-TA encapsulated composite were 4.56 and 4.20 times that of the original TA, respectively. It indicated that the encapsulation of TA with WCS-γ-PGA improved its solubility and bioavailability significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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Laffleur F, Keckeis V. Advances in drug delivery systems: Work in progress still needed? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2020; 2:100050. [PMID: 32577616 PMCID: PMC7305387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new era of science and technology has emerged in pharmaceutical research with focus on developing novel drug delivery systems for oral administration. Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules are associated with a low bioavailability, frequent application, side effects and hence patient noncompliance. By developing novel strategies for drug delivery, researchers embraced an alternative to traditional drug delivery systems. Out of those, fast dissolving drug delivery systems are very eminent among pediatrics and geriatrics. Orally disintegrating films are superior over fast dissolving tablets as the latter are assigned with the risk of suffocation. Due to their ability of bypassing the dissolution and the first pass effect after oral administration, self-emulsifying formulations have also become increasingly popular in improving oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Osmotic devices enable a controlled drug delivery independent upon gastrointestinal conditions using osmosis as driving force. The advances in nanotechnology and the variety of possible materials and formulation factors enable a targeted delivery and triggered release. Vesicular systems can be easily modified as required and provide a controlled and sustained drug delivery to a specific site. This work provides an insight of the novel approaches in drug delivery covering the critical comparison between traditional and novel “advanced-designed” systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Laffleur
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valérie Keckeis
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Matsumoto Y, Takahashi M, Sekimizu K. Polysaccharides of a fermented food, natto, suppress sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in an in vivo evaluation system and inhibit glucose uptake by human intestinal cells. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:8-13. [PMID: 32147629 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Natto is a well-known traditional Japanese food produced by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus subtilis var natto. Here we found that the water-soluble viscous fraction of natto inhibits sucrose- or glucose-induced hyperglycemia in silkworms. The water-soluble viscous fraction treated with DNase I, RNase A, and proteinase K, followed by phenol extraction also suppressed sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in silkworms. The enzyme-treated polysaccharide fraction of natto inhibits glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, human intestinal epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the polysaccharide components of natto selected on the basis of their suppressive effects on sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in silkworms inhibit glucose uptake by human intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan.,Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan.,Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Zhao L, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Polyelectrolyte-Based Platforms for the Delivery of Peptides and Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4937-4950. [PMID: 33455241 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical field has increased dramatically over recent years. They have been especially relevant to advances in the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, and cardiovascular, ophthalmological, metabolic, and infectious diseases. Despite the great potential of peptides and proteins, their use in pharmaceuticals has failed to reach its full potential because of some outstanding challenges. They are unstable under storage conditions and in biological milieus, and their high molecular weight limits permeation through biological membranes. A variety of delivery systems have been investigated to overcome these limitations. Polyelectrolytes (PEs) are molecules that bear multiple negative or positive charges. These molecules play an important role in various platforms relating to the delivery of peptide/protein-based drugs and subunit vaccines. The most commonly utilized PEs include chitosan, alginate, chondroitin sulfate, and poly(γ-glutamic acid). PE-based delivery systems, such as polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), PE-coated nanocarriers, and PE multilayers, were designed to protect peptides and proteins from degradation and facilitate their absorption. These delivery systems are especially effective when administered orally or intranasally. This review emphasizes the important role of PEs and PE-based delivery vehicles in peptide/protein-based drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Been Koo
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
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35
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Ajayeoba TA, Dula S, Ijabadeniyi OA. Properties of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Producing- Bacillus Species Isolated From Ogi Liquor and Lemon- Ogi Liquor. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:771. [PMID: 31057503 PMCID: PMC6481274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γPGA) is a natural and promising biopolymer synthesized by Bacillus spp. during fermentation. This study isolated Bacillus spp. from ogi steep liquor (OSL) and lemon-ogi steep liquor (LOSL) using standard methods and determined the γPGA-producing ability. The antimicrobial and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of γPGA polymer were evaluated and isolates were sequenced. Four isolates (TA004, TA006, TA011, TA012) selected based on phenotypic characterization and stickiness (<15 cm) showed antibacterial activity against different pathogens with the highest activity found in TA004 (22.5 mm) and least in TA011 (16.6 mm). Furthermore, time-kill assay showed that the combined γPGA polymer was more effective and demonstrated bactericidal activity over individual γPGA which are bacteriostatic in nature. All γPGA polymer exhibited ACE properties except TA011. The highest IC50 was observed in TA006 (0.11 mg/ml) and least in TA004 (0.35 mg/ml). TA004 had the highest molecular weight (261 kDa) while TA011 had the least (194.97 kDa). In addition, all γPGA exhibited characteristic peaks at 3413-3268 cm-1 and 1722-1664 cm-1 that corresponded to amine N-H stretching intensities and C = O stretching in COOH. Bacillus isolates were identified as TA004 (B. subtilis-GenBank: MH782061), TA006 (B. amyloliquefaciens- GenBank: MH782075), TA011 (B. subtilis- GenBank: MH782088), TA012 (B. subtilis- GenBank: MH782083). OSL and LOSL have the potential for developing functional foods with a valuable effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo A. Ajayeoba
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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36
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Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Today, chitosan (CS) is probably considered as a biofunctional polysaccharide with the most notable growth and potential for applications in various fields. The progress in chitin chemistry and the need to replace additives and non-natural polymers with functional natural-based polymers have opened many new opportunities for CS and its derivatives. Thanks to the specific reactive groups of CS and easy chemical modifications, a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties can be obtained from this ubiquitous polysaccharide that is composed of β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose repeating units. This review is presented to share insights into multiple native/modified CSs and chitooligosaccharides (COS) associated with their functional properties. An overview will be given on bioadhesive applications, antimicrobial activities, adsorption, and chelation in the wine industry, as well as developments in medical fields or biodegradability.
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37
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Gupta A, Kowalczuk M, Heaselgrave W, Britland ST, Martin C, Radecka I. The production and application of hydrogels for wound management: A review. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Csikós Z, Fazekas E, Rózsa D, Borbély J, Kerekes K. Crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid based nanosystem for drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Zhang L, Zhu X, Wu S, Chen Y, Tan S, Liu Y, Jiang W, Huang J. Fabrication and evaluation of a γ-PGA-based self-assembly transferrin receptor-targeting anticancer drug carrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7873-7889. [PMID: 30538465 PMCID: PMC6255109 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (CDDP) was one of the most common used drugs in clinic for cancer treatment. However, CDDP caused a variety of side effects. The abundant carboxyl groups on the surface of poly glutamic acid (PGA) could be modified with various kinds of targeted ligands. PGA delivery system loaded CDDP for cancer therapies possesses potential to overcome the side effects. Materials and methods In this study, we constructed a safe and efficient anticancer drug delivery system PGA–Asp–maleimide–cisplatin–peptide complex (PAMCP), which was loaded with CDDP and conjugated with the transferrin receptor (TFR)-targeting peptide through a maleimide functional linker. The size of PAMCP was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry methods were used to detect the cell targeting ability in vitro. The MTT assay was used to detect targeted toxicity in vitro. The in vivo acute toxicity was tested in Kun Ming (KM) mice. The tumor suppression activity and drug distribution was analyzed in nude mice bearing with HeLa tumor cells. Results The nano-size was 110±28 nm detected with TEM and 89±18 nm detected with DLS, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry methods indicated that PAMCP possessed excellent cell targeting ability in vitro. The MTT assay suggested that PAMCP was excellent for targeted toxicity. The acute in vivo toxicity study revealed that the body mass index and serum index in the PAMCP-treated group were superior to those in the CDDP-treated group (P<0.001), and no obvious differences were detected on comparing with the PBS- or PGA–Asp–maleimide–P8 (PAMP)-treated groups. PAMCP reduced the toxicity of CDDP, suppressed tumor cell growth, and achieved efficient anti-tumor effects in vivo. After PAMCP treatment, the toxicity of CDDP was reduced and tumor growth was more remarkably inhibited compared with the free CDDP treatment group (P<0.01). Much stronger (5–10 folds) fluorescence intensity in tumor tissue was detected compared with the irrelevant-peptide group for drug distribution analysis detected with the frozen section approach. Conclusion Our data highlighted that PAMCP reduced the side effects of CDDP and exhibited stronger anti-tumor effects. Therefore, PAMCP presented the potential to be a safe and effective anticancer pharmaceutical formulation for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Shijia Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Yazhou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Shiming Tan
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China, ;
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40
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Khalil IR, Khechara MP, Kurusamy S, Armesilla AL, Gupta A, Mendrek B, Khalaf T, Scandola M, Focarete ML, Kowalczuk M, Radecka I. Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA)-Based Encapsulation of Adenovirus to Evade Neutralizing Antibodies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102565. [PMID: 30297641 PMCID: PMC6222443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in oncolytic adenoviral vectors as an alternative anticancer therapy. The induction of an immune response can be considered as a major limitation of this kind of application. Significant research efforts have been focused on the development of biodegradable polymer poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based nanoparticles used as a vector for effective and safe anticancer therapy, owing to their controlled and sustained-release properties, low toxicity, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. This study aimed to introduce a specific destructive and antibody blind polymer-coated viral vector into cancer cells using γ-PGA and chitosan (CH). Adenovirus was successfully encapsulated into the biopolymer particles with an encapsulation efficiency of 92% and particle size of 485 nm using the ionic gelation method. Therapeutic agents or nanoparticles (NPs) that carry therapeutics can be directed specifically to cancerous cells by decorating their surfaces using targeting ligands. Moreover, in vitro neutralizing antibody response against viral capsid proteins can be somewhat reduced by encapsulating adenovirus into γ-PGA-CH NPs, as only 3.1% of the encapsulated adenovirus was detected by anti-adenovirus antibodies in the presented work compared to naked adenoviruses. The results obtained and the unique characteristics of the polymer established in this research could provide a reference for the coating and controlled release of viral vectors used in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Khalil
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit PO Box 42, Iraq.
| | - Martin P Khechara
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Sathishkumar Kurusamy
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Angel L Armesilla
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tamara Khalaf
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Mariastella Scandola
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician' and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum⁻Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician' and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum⁻Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Iza Radecka
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
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41
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Zhang X, Song J, Klymov A, Zhang Y, de Boer L, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJ, Yang F, Zaat SA, Leeuwenburgh SC. Monitoring local delivery of vancomycin from gelatin nanospheres in zebrafish larvae. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5377-5394. [PMID: 30254441 PMCID: PMC6143646 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections such as biomaterial-associated infection and osteomyelitis are often associated with intracellular survival of bacteria (eg, Staphylococcus aureus). Treatment of these infections remains a major challenge due to the low intracellular efficacy of many antibiotics. Therefore, local delivery systems are urgently required to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics by enabling their intracellular delivery. Purpose To assess the potential of gelatin nanospheres as carriers for local delivery of vancomycin into macrophages of zebrafish larvae in vivo and into THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro using fluorescence microscopy. Materials and methods Fluorescently labeled gelatin nanospheres were prepared and injected into transgenic zebrafish larvae with fluorescent macrophages. Both the biodistribution of gelatin nanospheres in zebrafish larvae and the co-localization of vancomycin-loaded gelatin nanospheres with zebrafish macrophages in vivo and uptake by THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro were studied. In addition, the effect of treatment with vancomycin-loaded gelatin nanospheres on survival of S. aureus-infected zebrafish larvae was investigated. Results Internalization of vancomycin-loaded gelatin nanospheres by macrophages was observed qualitatively both in vivo and in vitro. Systemically delivered vancomycin, on the other hand, was hardly internalized by macrophages without the use of gelatin nanospheres. Treatment with a single dose of vancomycin-loaded gelatin nanospheres delayed the mortality of S. aureus-infected zebrafish larvae, indicating the improved therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin against (intracellular) S. aureus infection in vivo. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that gelatin nanospheres can be used to facilitate local and intracellular delivery of vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
| | - Alexey Klymov
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
| | - Leonie de Boer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
| | | | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
| | - Sebastian Aj Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Cg Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
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42
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Maslova OV, Senko OV, Efremenko EN. Aspartic and glutamic acids polymers: preparation and applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutics. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Eymard-Vernain E, Coute Y, Adrait A, Rabilloud T, Sarret G, Lelong C. The poly-gamma-glutamate of Bacillus subtilis interacts specifically with silver nanoparticles. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197501. [PMID: 29813090 PMCID: PMC5973573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, silver nanoparticles, as with other antibacterial nanoparticles, have been extensively used in manufactured products. However, their fate in the environment is unclear and raises questions. We studied the fate of silver nanoparticles in the presence of bacteria under growth conditions that are similar to those found naturally in the environment (that is, bacteria in a stationary phase with low nutrient concentrations). We demonstrated that the viability and the metabolism of a gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, exposed during the stationary phase is unaffected by 1 mg/L of silver nanoparticles. These results can be partly explained by a physical interaction of the poly-gamma-glutamate (PGA) secreted by Bacillus subtilis with the silver nanoparticles. The coating of the silver nanoparticles by the secreted PGA likely results in a loss of the bioavailability of nanoparticles and, consequently, a decrease of their biocidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Eymard-Vernain
- BIG, LCBM, ProMD, UMR CNRS-CEA-UGA, Grenoble, France
- ISTerre, CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Coute
- BIG, BGE, EDyP, INSERM-CEA-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- BIG, BGE, EDyP, INSERM-CEA-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Lelong
- BIG, LCBM, ProMD, UMR CNRS-CEA-UGA, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Kidibule PE, Santos-Moriano P, Jiménez-Ortega E, Ramírez-Escudero M, Limón MC, Remacha M, Plou FJ, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernández-Lobato M. Use of chitin and chitosan to produce new chitooligosaccharides by chitinase Chit42: enzymatic activity and structural basis of protein specificity. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:47. [PMID: 29566690 PMCID: PMC5863366 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitinases are ubiquitous enzymes that have gained a recent biotechnological attention due to their ability to transform biological waste from chitin into valued chito-oligomers with wide agricultural, industrial or medical applications. The biological activity of these molecules is related to their size and acetylation degree. Chitinase Chit42 from Trichoderma harzianum hydrolyses chitin oligomers with a minimal of three N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) units. Gene chit42 was previously characterized, and according to its sequence, the encoded protein included in the structural Glycoside Hydrolase family GH18. Results Chit42 was expressed in Pichia pastoris using fed-batch fermentation to about 3 g/L. Protein heterologously expressed showed similar biochemical properties to those expressed by the natural producer (42 kDa, optima pH 5.5–6.5 and 30–40 °C). In addition to hydrolyse colloidal chitin, this enzyme released reducing sugars from commercial chitosan of different sizes and acetylation degrees. Chit42 hydrolysed colloidal chitin at least 10-times more efficiently (defined by the kcat/Km ratio) than any of the assayed chitosan. Production of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides was confirmed in reaction mixtures using HPAEC-PAD chromatography and mass spectrometry. Masses corresponding to (d-glucosamine)1–8-GlcNAc were identified from the hydrolysis of different substrates. Crystals from Chit42 were grown and the 3D structure determined at 1.8 Å resolution, showing the expected folding described for other GH18 chitinases, and a characteristic groove shaped substrate-binding site, able to accommodate at least six sugar units. Detailed structural analysis allows depicting the features of the Chit42 specificity, and explains the chemical nature of the partially acetylated molecules obtained from analysed substrates. Conclusions Chitinase Chit42 was expressed in a heterologous system to levels never before achieved. The enzyme produced small partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides, which have enormous biotechnological potential in medicine and food. Chit42 3D structure was characterized and analysed. Production and understanding of how the enzymes generating bioactive chito-oligomers work is essential for their biotechnological application, and paves the way for future work to take advantage of chitinolytic activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0895-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elias Kidibule
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Santos-Moriano
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie, 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetic, University of Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Remacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie, 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Ikeda M, Akagi T, Yasuoka T, Nagao M, Akashi M. Characterization and analytical development for amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid) as raw material of nanoparticle adjuvants. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 150:460-468. [PMID: 29294451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) as the hydrophilic backbone and L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (Phe) as the hydrophobic side chain is an important biodegradable polymer with great potential in medical applications. In this research, we established analytical methods for the characterization and quality control of γ-PGA-graft-Phe (γ-PGA-Phe), which forms nanoparticles in aqueous solution, as a deployment platform in practical applications for vaccine adjuvants. The SEC-RI/MALS system, which uses size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with a multi_angle light scattering (MALS) detector and refractive index (RI) detector, was developed to evaluate the characteristics of various types of polymers. By this method, it was indicated that absolute molecular weight (MW) should be used to measure the branch polymer. A gradient reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the content of γ-PGA-Phe and the impurity levels to control product quality and safety. This quantitative approach could become key elements for identifying and characterizing γ-PGA-Phe. In addition, the degradation mechanism of γ-PGA-Phe was also identified as cleavage of main-chain of γ-PGA-Phe based on the stability study of γ-PGA-Phe in buffer solution with various pH values. The analytical developments described above will be important for use in both characterization and formulation design of biopolymers. Nanoparticles (NPs) composed of well-characterized biodegradable γ-PGA-Phe are expected to have a variety of potential clinical applications such as their use as drug and vaccine carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda
- Pharmaceutical Science, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85 Jusohonmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan; Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takami Akagi
- Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yasuoka
- Pharmaceutical Science, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85 Jusohonmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Masao Nagao
- Pharmaceutical Science, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85 Jusohonmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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