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Han T, Jiang Y, Ge W, Lu Y, Liu R, Sun Z. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone attenuates acute kidney injury induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024. [PMID: 39054771 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS As one of the most serious complications of sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) is pathologically associated with excessive inflammation. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) is isolated from Radix rehmanniae praeparata and exhibit potent anti-inflammatory property. This research aimed at determining the role of DHAP in sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Plasma creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels of SA-AKI patients were detected to evaluate their clinical characteristics. SA-AKI rat models were established by using caecum ligation puncture (CLP) surgery. CLP-induced rats were administered via oral gavage with 20 or 40 mg DHAP after 2 h of CLP surgery. Subsequently, survival rates, serum indexes, histopathological changes, inflammatory factors, renal function indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathways were detected. RESULTS SA-AKI patients exhibited markedly higher levels of plasma Cre, BUN, TNF-α and IL-1β than healthy people. Compared with sham rats, CLP-induced septic rats showed significantly decreased survival rate, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and serum lactate level, obvious renal histopathological injury, upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 levels, elevated serum creatinine, BUN and serum cystatin C concentrations, serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 levels and reduced renal artery blood flow. All the above CLP-induced changes in septic rats were mitigated after DHAP administration. Additionally, CLP-induced elevation in phosphorylated-ERK1/2 and nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels was inhibited by DHAP treatment. CONCLUSION DHAP hinders SA-AKI progression in rat models by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongming Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunpeng Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Lai CH, Lo HC. Anti-Hyperuricemia Activity and Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushroom Activity: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38884262 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of serum uric acid, the product of purine metabolism. The primary symptom of HUA is gout; however, asymptomatic HUA is associated with complications such as hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The activation of xanthine oxidase (XO), a pivotal enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis, is coupled with extensive reactive oxygen species generation, leading to inflammatory responses, and triggers the development of HUA and its complications. In clinical practice, XO inhibitors are primarily used to treat HUA; however, their prolonged use is accompanied by serious adverse effects. Mushrooms and their bioactive constituents have shown promising anti-HUA activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies, including inhibition of urate production, modulation of renal urate transporters, enhancement of intestinal uric acid excretion, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetabolic syndrome properties. Clinical trials are necessary to validate the beneficial effects and safety of mushrooms in preventing or alleviating HUA and attenuating the associated complications. This review presents contemporary insights into the pathogenesis of HUA, the bioactive components of mushrooms, their therapeutic potential, and the underlying mechanisms involved in ameliorating HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Lai
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Jhongjheng Road, Sinjhuang City, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan
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Cheng M, Zhang L, Wang J, Sun X, Qi Y, Chen L, Han C. The Artist's Conk Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes): Mycological, Mycochemical, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:13-66. [PMID: 38884263 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
As a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., also known as flat-ling Ganoderma (Chinese name bianlingzhi), old mother fungus (laomujun), and old ox liver (laoniugan), has high medicinal value. It is used as an anti-cancer drug in China and Japan. Besides, it can treat rheumatic tuberculosis and has the effect of relieving pain, clearing away heat, eliminating accumulation, stopping bleeding and eliminating phlegm. The purpose of this review is to analyze the research progress systematically and comprehensively in mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacological activities of G. applanatum, and discuss the prospect of prospective research and implementation of this medicinal material. A comprehensive literature search was performed on G. applanatum using scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Elsevier. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarized for mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacology of G. applanatum. A total of 324 compounds were recorded, the main components of which were triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, steroids, and polysaccharides. G. applanatum and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemic, anti-fat, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and other activities. Although G. applanatum is widely used in traditional medicine and has diverse chemical constituents, more studies should be carried out in animals and humans to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan, 250299, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Phoenix Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yitong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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A Brief Review of Natural Products with Urate Transporter 1 Inhibition for the Treatment of Hyperuricemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5419890. [PMID: 36337587 PMCID: PMC9635963 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5419890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common disease caused by a high level of uric acid. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is an important protein and mediates approximately 90% of uric acid reabsorption. Therefore, the URAT1 inhibitor is a class of uricosuric medicines widely used in the clinic for the treatment of hyperuricemia. To find the new medicine with stronger URAT1 inhibition and lower toxicity, researchers have been exploring natural products. This study systematically summarizes the natural products with URAT1 inhibition. The results show that many natural products are potential URAT1 inhibitors, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, stilbenes, and steroids, among which flavonoids are the most promising source of URAT1 inhibitors. It is worth noting that most studies have focused on finding natural products with inhibition of URAT1 and have not explored their activities and mechanisms toward URAT1. By reviewing the few existing studies of the structure-activity relationship and analyzing common features of natural products with URAT1 inhibition, we speculate that the rigid ring structure and negative charge may be the keys for natural products to produce URAT1 inhibition. In conclusion, natural products are potential URAT1 inhibitors, and exploring the mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship will be an important research direction in the future.
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Chen M, Ji H, Song W, Zhang D, Su W, Liu S. Anserine beneficial effects in hyperuricemic rats by inhibiting XOD, regulating uric acid transporter and repairing hepatorenal injury. Food Funct 2022; 13:9434-9442. [PMID: 35972268 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia effect and mechanism of anserine in hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemic rats were induced with a combination of 750 mg per kg bw d potassium oxazinate (PO) and 200 mg per kg bw d hypoxanthine for a week, and the rats were separately orally administered anserine (20, 40, 80 mg kg-1) and allopurinol (10 mg kg-1) for three weeks. The results show that the content of serum uric acid (SUA) decreased by approximately 40% and 60% after the intervention of anserine and allopurinol, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly decreased in the anserine groups. After the administration of anserine, the contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were reduced in the kidney, and the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6β, TNF-α and TGF-β and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced in both the liver and kidney. Moreover, the gene expressions of xanthine oxidase (XOD), renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9) were downregulated by anserine administration, and the gene expressions of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) were upregulated at the same time. These findings suggest that hepatorenal injury was repaired by anserine, which further regulated the expression of hepatic XOD and renal URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, OAT1 and OAT3 to relieve hyperuricemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Wenkui Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
| | - Weiming Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
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Yong T, Liang D, Xiao C, Huang L, Chen S, Xie Y, Gao X, Wu Q, Hu H, Li X, Liu Y, Cai M. Hypouricemic effect of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester in hyperuricemic mice through inhibiting XOD and down-regulating URAT1. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113303. [PMID: 35750011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the hypouricemic effect of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (DAE), a component of Ganoderma applanatum, in hyperuricemic mice through inhibiting XOD and down-regulating URAT1. Computationally, DAE showed a high similarity to allopurinol and depicted a high affinity in docking to XOD. In vitro, DAE exhibited an inhibitory effect against XOD. Importantly, DAE demonstrated a remarkable hypouricemic effect, decreasing serum uric acids (SUAs) of hyperuricemic mice (407 ± 31 μmol/L) to 195 ± 23, 145 ± 33 and 134 ± 16 μmol/L (P < 0.01) at the doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg with a dose-dependent manner and showing efficacies at 54-68 %, which were close to the efficacies of allopurinol (61 %) and benzbromarone (57 %). DAE depicted higher and negatively dose-independent urinary uric acids in comparison with that of the hyperuricemic control, implying DAE exerted an uricosuric effect and also a reduction effect on uric acid production. Unlike toxic allopurinol and benzbromarone, no general toxicity on body weights and no negative influence on liver, kidney, spleen and thymus were observed for DAE. Mechanistically, DAE inhibited XOD activities in vivo. Moreover, DAE up-regulated OAT1 and down-regulated GLUT9, URAT1 and CNT2. Overall, DAE may present a hypouricemic effect through inhibiting XOD and up-regulating OAT1 and down-regulating GLUT9, URAT1 and CNT2. This work provided novel insights into the hypouricemic effect of DAE and G. applanatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Danling Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yuancao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China
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Huang CH, Chen TY, Tsai GJ. Hypouricemic Effect of Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lucidum in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060553. [PMID: 35736485 PMCID: PMC9227023 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a disease caused by a high level of uric acid in the blood. It is an important factor for gout and may be linked to renal and hepatic failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum. The lyophilized powder of mycelium (GM) and extracellular polysaccharides (GP) of the G. lucidum submerged culture were prepared. The contents of hypouricemic components, including phenolics and flavonoids, in GM (34.33 ± 0.41 mg/g and 0.32 ± 0.01 mg/g) were higher than that in GP (20.52 ± 1.49 mg/g and not detected). The hypouricemic effect of GM and GP was evaluated in potassium oxonate (PO)-injected rats. The average food intake (23.3 ± 1.2 g/day) and body weight (355.7 ± 28.0 g) were decreased, and the serum level of uric acid (5.56 ± 0.41 mg/dL) was increased in PO-injected rats. However, allopurinol (10 mg/kg b.w.) or GM treatment (200 or 400 mg/kg b.w) improved food intake (26.3 ± 2.7 g/day) and reduced the level of uric acid (4.45 ± 0.46 mg/dL). In parallel, the activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) was downregulated from 841.29 ± 299.58 μU/mg protein to 540.80 ± 199.20 μU/mg protein. Moreover, GM and GP (200 or 400 mg/kg b.w) alleviated the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) from 30.49 ± 4.71 to 21.16 ± 4.25 mg/dL. GP treatment also diminished the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) from 52.63 ± 18.82 to 27.35 ±6.82 U/L. These results clearly demonstrated the hypouricemic effect of submerged G. lucidum culture and their potential against hyperuricemia-associated renal and hepatic damage. GM was more potent to alleviate hyperuricemia, and GP was more potent to improve renal and hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Guo-Jane Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Chen D, Shao S, Zhang W, Zhao J, Lian M. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doping strategy to trigger the peroxidase-like and electrochemical activity of Ti3C2 nanosheets for sensitive uric acid detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1197:339520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liang D, Yong T, Diao X, Chen S, Chen D, Xiao C, Zuo D, Xie Y, Zhou X, Hu H. Hypouricaemic and nephroprotective effects of Poria cocos in hyperuricemic mice by up-regulating ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:275-286. [PMID: 33651969 PMCID: PMC7928048 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1885450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Poria coco F.A.Wolf (Polyporaceae) dispels dampness and promotes diuresis implying hypouricaemic action. OBJECTIVE To examine hypouricaemic action of Poria coco. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extract (PCE) was prepared by extracting the sclerotium of P. cocos with ethanol, and the water extract (PCW) was produced by bathing the remains with water. PCE and PCW (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) were orally administered to hyperuricemic Kunming mice (n = 8) to examine its hypouricaemic effect. Also, molecular docking was performed. RESULTS P. cocos showed excellent hypouricaemic action, decreasing the serum uric acid of hyperuricaemia (HUA) control (526 ± 112 μmol/L) to 178 ± 53, 153 ± 57 and 151 ± 62 μmol/L (p < 0.01) by PCE and 69 ± 23, 63 ± 15 and 62 ± 20 μmol/L (p < 0.01) by PCW, respectively. According to SCrs, BUNs and H&E staining, PCE and PCW partially attenuated renal dysfunction caused by HUA. They presented no negative effects on ALT, AST and ALP activities. They elevated ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2) mRNA and protein expression in comparison to HUA control. In molecular docking, compound 267, 277, 13824, 15730 and 5759 were predicted as the top bioactives of P. cocos against HUA, which even presented better scores than the positive compound, oestrone 3-sulfate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This paper demonstrated the hypouricaemic and nephroprotective effects of P. cocos in hyperuricemic mice by up-regulating ABCG2. These results may be useful for the development of a hypouricaemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Tianqiao Yong Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Xianlie Road 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou510070, China
| | - Xue Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health and State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou, China
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Song D, Zhao X, Wang F, Wang G. A brief review of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout: Current therapeutic options and potential applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174291. [PMID: 34216576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic condition, cause by increased levels of serum urate (SUA). Reduced excretion of uric acid is reported as the key factor of primary hyperuricemia, accounting for approximately 90% of the cases. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a major protein involved in uric acid reabsorption (about 90%). Therefore, URAT1 inhibitors are considered to be a highly effective and promising class of uricosuric agents for treating hyperuricemia. This review summarizes the development of URAT1 inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia, including approved URAT1 inhibitors, URAT1 inhibitors under development in clinical trials, substances with URAT1 inhibitory effects from derivatives and natural products, and conventional drugs with new uses. This review provides new ideas regarding research on URAT1 inhibitors by introducing the structure, properties, and side effects of chemical drugs, as well as the sources and categories of natural drugs. We also discuss new mechanisms of classic drugs, which may provide guidance to many practicing clinicians. The research and discovery of new inhibitors remain in full swing, and tremendous developments are expected in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Fuqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Rowan N. Use of Zebrafish Embryo Assay to Evaluate Toxicity and Safety of Bioreactor-Grown Exopolysaccharides and Endopolysaccharides from European Ganoderma applanatum Mycelium for Future Aquaculture Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1675. [PMID: 33562361 PMCID: PMC7914815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mycelial exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS) extracted from bioreactor-cultivated European Ganoderma applanatum mushrooms are of potential high commercial value for both food and adjacent biopharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate their potential toxicity for aquaculture application, both EPS (0.01-10 mg/mL) and ENS (0.01-10 mg/mL) extracts were tested for Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZFET); early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) were also analyzed between 24 and 120 h post-fertilization (HPF). Both EPS and ENS are considered non-toxic with LC50 of 1.41 mg/mL and 0.87 mg/mL respectively. Both EPS and ENS did not delay hatching and teratogenic defect towards ZE with <1.0 mg/mL, respectively. No significant changes in the ZE heart rate were detected following treatment with the two compounds tested (EPS: 0.01-10 mg/mL: 176.44 ± 0.77 beats/min and ENS: 0.01-10 mg/mL: 148.44 ± 17.75 beats/min) compared to normal ZE (120-180 beats/min). These initial findings support future pre-clinical trials in adult fish models with view to safely using EPS and ENS as potential feed supplements for supplements for development of the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 WO89 Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Zul Ilham
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 WO89 Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland
- Empower Eco Innovation Hub, Lough Boora, Co., R35 DA50 Tullamore, Offaly, Ireland
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12
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From Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition to In Vivo Hypouricemic Effect: An Integrated Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies with Focus on Natural Molecules and Analogues. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9531725. [PMID: 32184901 PMCID: PMC7060854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9531725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is characterized by elevated uric acid (UA) levels on blood, which can lead to gout, a common pathology. These high UA levels are associated with increased purine ingestion and metabolization and/or its decreased excretion. In this field, xanthine oxidase (XO), by converting hypoxanthine and xanthine to UA, plays an important role in hyperuricemia control. Based on limitations and adverse effects associated with the use of allopurinol and febuxostat, the most known approved drugs with XO inhibitory effect, the search for new molecules with XO activity is growing. However, despite the high number of studies, it was found that the majority of tested products with relevant XO inhibition were left out, and no further pharmacological evaluation was performed. Thus, in the present review, available information published in the past six years concerning isolated molecules with in vitro XO inhibition complemented with cytotoxicity evaluation as well as other relevant studies, including in vivo hypouricemic effect, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was compiled. Interestingly, the analysis of data collected demonstrated that molecules from natural sources or their mimetics and semisynthetic derivatives constitute the majority of compounds being explored at the moment by means of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Therefore, several of these molecules can be useful as lead compounds and some of them can even have the potential to be considered in the future clinical candidates for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Anti-Hyperuricemic Effect of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid in Hyperuricemic Mice through XOD. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102671. [PMID: 30336599 PMCID: PMC6222621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, benzophenone-type molecules are beneficial for alleviating the UV exposure of humans. More importantly, various compounds with this skeleton have demonstrated various biological activities. In this paper, we report the anti-hyperuricemic effect of the benzophenone compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (HMS). Preliminarily, its molecular docking score and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition suggested a good anti-hyperuricemic effect. Then, its anti-hyperuricemic effect, primary mechanisms and general toxicity were examined on a hyperuricemic mouse model which was established using potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine together. HMS demonstrated a remarkable anti- hyperuricemic effect which was near to that of the control drugs, showing promising perspective. General toxicity was assessed and it showed no negative effects on body weight growth and kidney function. Moreover, anti-inflammatory action was observed for HMS via spleen and thymus changes. Its anti-hyperuricemic mechanisms may be ascribed to its inhibition of XOD and its up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and down-regulation of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9).
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