1
|
McMurry HS, Rivero JD, Chen EY, Kardosh A, Lopez CD, Pegna GJ. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Epigenetic landscape and clinical implications. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 52:101131. [PMID: 39173542 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare, heterogenous group of neoplasms arising from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Amongst solid tumor malignancies, NETs are notable for overall genetic stability and recent data supports the notion that epigenetic changes may drive NET pathogenesis. In this review, major epigenetic mechanisms of NET pathogenesis are reviewed, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA. Prognostic implications of the above are discussed, as well as the expanding diagnostic utility of epigenetic markers in NETs. Lastly, preclinical and clinical evaluations of epigenetically targeted therapies in NETs and are reviewed, with a focus on future directions in therapeutic advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S McMurry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emerson Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Adel Kardosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Charles D Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Guillaume J Pegna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu S, Huang CH, Eyermann C, Georgakis GV, Turkman N. Design and radiosynthesis of class-IIa HDAC inhibitor with high molar activity via repositioning the 18F-radiolabel. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15100. [PMID: 38956204 PMCID: PMC11219833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376, a high potency inhibitor of class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC) is reported. We utilized a three-step radiochemical approach that led to the radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376 in a good radiochemical yield, (17.0 ± 3%, decay corrected), high radiochemical purity (> 97%) and relatively high molar activity of 185.0 GBq/µmol (> 5.0 Ci/µmol). The repositioning of the 18F-radiolabel into a phenyl ring (18F-Fluoro-aryl) of the class-IIa HDAC inhibitor avoided the shortcomings of the direct radiolabeling of the 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety that was reported by us previously and was associated with low molar activity (0.74-1.51 GBq/µmol, 20-41 mCi/µmol). This radiochemical approach could find a wider application for radiolabeling similar molecules with good radiochemical yield and high molar activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Xu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chun-Han Huang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher Eyermann
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Georgios V Georgakis
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Nashaat Turkman
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klomp MJ, van den Brink L, van Koetsveld PM, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, Löwik CWGM, Hofland LJ, Dalm SU. Applying HDACis to increase SSTR2 expression and radiolabeled DOTA-TATE uptake: from cells to mice. Life Sci 2023; 334:122173. [PMID: 37907154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of our study was to determine the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) on somatostatin type-2 receptor (SSTR2) expression and [111In]In-/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE uptake in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human cell lines NCI-H69 (small-cell lung carcinoma) and BON-1 (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor) were treated with HDACis (i.e. entinostat, mocetinostat (MOC), LMK-235, CI-994 or panobinostat (PAN)), and SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and [111In]In-DOTA-TATE uptake were measured. Furthermore, vehicle- and HDACi-treated NCI-H69 and BON-1 tumor-bearing mice were injected with radiolabeled DOTA-TATE followed by biodistribution studies. Additionally, SSTR2 and HDAC mRNA expression of xenografts, and of NCI-H69, BON-1, NCI-H727 (human pulmonary carcinoid) and GOT1 (human midgut neuroendocrine tumor) cells were determined. KEY FINDINGS HDACi treatment resulted in the desired effects in vitro. However, no significant increase in tumoral DOTA-TATE uptake was observed after HDACi treatment in NCI-H69 tumor-bearing animals, whereas tumoral SSTR2 mRNA and/or protein expression levels were significantly upregulated after treatment with MOC, CI-994 and PAN, i.e. a maximum of 2.1- and 1.3-fold, respectively. Analysis of PAN-treated BON-1 xenografts solely demonstrated increased SSTR2 mRNA expression levels. Comparison of HDACs and SSTR2 expression in BON-1 and NCI-H69 xenografts showed a significantly higher expression of 6/11 HDACs in BON-1 xenografts. Of these HDACs, a significant inverse correlation was found between HDAC3 and SSTR2 expression (Pearson r = -0.92) in the studied cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE To conclude, tumoral uptake levels of radiolabeled DOTA-TATE were not enhanced after HDACi treatment in vivo, but, depending on the applied inhibitor, increased SSTR2 expression levels were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Klomp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian van den Brink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina M A de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra C Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klomp MJ, Refardt J, van Koetsveld PM, Campana C, Dalm SU, Dogan F, van Velthuysen MLF, Feelders RA, de Herder WW, Hofland J, Hofland LJ. Epigenetic regulation of SST 2 expression in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184436. [PMID: 37223009 PMCID: PMC10200989 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) expression is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors and is associated with improved patient survival. Recent data suggest that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in regulating SST2 expression and tumorigenesis of NETs. However, there are limited data on the association between epigenetic marks and SST2 expression in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). Methods Tissue samples from 16 patients diagnosed with SI-NETs and undergoing surgical resection of the primary tumor at Erasmus MC Rotterdam were analysed for SST2 expression levels and epigenetic marks surrounding the SST2 promoter region, i.e. DNA methylation and histone modifications H3K27me3 and H3K9ac. As a control, 13 normal SI-tissue samples were included. Results The SI-NET samples had high SST2 protein and mRNA expression levels; a median (IQR) of 80% (70-95) SST2-positive cells and 8.2 times elevated SST2 mRNA expression level compared to normal SI-tissue (p=0.0042). In comparison to normal SI-tissue, DNA methylation levels and H3K27me3 levels were significantly lower at five out of the eight targeted CpG positions and at two out of the three examined locations within the SST2 gene promoter region of the SI-NET samples, respectively. No differences in the level of activating histone mark H3K9ac were observed between matched samples. While no correlation was found between histone modification marks and SST2 expression, SST2 mRNA expression levels correlated negatively with DNA methylation within the SST2 promoter region in both normal SI-tissue and SI-NETs (p=0.006 and p=0.04, respectively). Conclusion SI-NETs have lower SST2 promoter methylation levels and lower H3K27me3 methylation levels compared to normal SI-tissue. Moreover, in contrast to the absence of a correlation with SST2 protein expression levels, significant negative correlations were found between SST2 mRNA expression level and the mean level of DNA methylation within the SST2 promoter region in both normal SI-tissue and SI-NET tissue. These results indicate that DNA methylation might be involved in regulating SST2 expression. However, the role of histone modifications in SI-NETs remains elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Klomp
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julie Refardt
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter M. van Koetsveld
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Campana
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone U. Dalm
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fadime Dogan
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard A. Feelders
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. de Herder
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Hofland
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith J, Barnett E, Rodger EJ, Chatterjee A, Subramaniam RM. Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Genetics and Epigenetics. PET Clin 2023; 18:169-187. [PMID: 36858744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of rare, heterogeneous tumors of neuroendocrine cell origin, affecting a range of different organs. The clinical management of NENs poses significant challenges, as tumors are often diagnosed at an advanced stage where overall survival remains poor with current treatment regimens. In addition, a host of complex and often unique molecular changes underpin the pathobiology of each NEN subtype. Exploitation of the unique genetic and epigenetic signatures driving each NEN subtype provides an opportunity to enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of NEN in an emerging era of individualized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Smith
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Te Whatu Ora - Southern, Dunedin Public Hospital, 270 Great King Street, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Edward Barnett
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Euan J Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Radiology, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, BOX 3808, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klieser E, Neumayer B, Di Fazio P, Mayr C, Neureiter D, Kiesslich T. HDACs as an emerging target in endocrine tumors: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:143-154. [PMID: 36872882 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2183840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenic role of deregulated histone (de-)acetylation by histone deacetyles (HDACs) has been demonstrated in several human cancers. While some HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been approved for individual entities, for endocrine tumors such translation into clinical practice has not yet been achieved. AREAS COVERED Relevant results identified by structured searches in PubMed as well as in reference lists are summarized in a narrative review to discuss the current knowledge of HDAC involvement and their therapeutic relevance in endocrine tumors. For thyroid, neuroendocrine, and adrenal tumors, various oncogenic mechanisms of HDAC deregulation and effects of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been identified in preclinical studies including direct cancer cell toxicity and modification of differentiation status. EXPERT OPINION Based on positive pre-clinical results, the research on HDAC (inhibition) in the various endocrine tumors should be intensified - yet, it needs to be considered that i) HDACs' oncogenic actions might constitute only a part of epigenetic mechanisms driving cancer, ii) individual HDAC has different roles in different endocrine tumor entities, iii) inhibition of HDACs might be especially attractive in combination with conventional or other targeted therapies, and iv) new HDAC-inhibiting drugs with improved specificity or functionally modified HDACi might further improve their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bettina Neumayer
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mayr
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ullrich M, Richter S, Liers J, Drukewitz S, Friedemann M, Kotzerke J, Ziegler CG, Nölting S, Kopka K, Pietzsch J. Epigenetic drugs in somatostatin type 2 receptor radionuclide theranostics and radiation transcriptomics in mouse pheochromocytoma models. Theranostics 2023; 13:278-294. [PMID: 36593963 PMCID: PMC9800739 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs) are catecholamine-producing tumors. In inoperable and metastatic cases, somatostatin type 2 receptor (SSTR2) expression allows for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Insufficient receptor levels, however, limit treatment efficacy. This study evaluates whether the epigenetic drugs valproic acid (VPA) and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) modulate SSTR2 levels and sensitivity to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in two mouse PCC models (MPC and MTT). Methods: Drug-effects on Sstr2/SSTR2 were investigated in terms of promoter methylation, mRNA and protein levels, and radiotracer binding. Radiotracer uptake was measured in subcutaneous allografts in mice using PET and SPECT imaging. Tumor growth and gene expression (RNAseq) were characterized after drug treatments. Results: DAC alone and in combination with VPA increased SSTR2 levels along with radiotracer uptake in vitro in MPC (high-SSTR2) and MTT cells (low-SSTR2). MTT but not MPC allografts responded to DAC and VPA combination with significantly elevated radiotracer uptake, although activity concentrations remained far below those in MPC tumors. In both models, combination of DAC, VPA and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE was associated with additive effects on tumor growth delay and specific transcriptional responses in gene sets involved in cancer and treatment resistance. Effects of epigenetic drugs were unrelated to CpG island methylation of the Sstr2 promoter. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SSTR2 induction in mouse pheochromocytoma models has some therapeutic benefit that occurs via yet unknown mechanisms. Transcriptional changes in tumor allografts associated with epigenetic treatment and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE provide first insights into genetic responses of PCCs/PGLs, potentially useful for developing additional strategies to prevent tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Martin Ullrich, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany. Phone: +49-351-2604046, Fax: +49-351-26012622, E-mail:
| | - Susan Richter
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Liers
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Drukewitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center Dresden, Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics, Dresden, Germany.,University of Leipzig Medical Center, Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Friedemann
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian G. Ziegler
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Hospital, LMU Munich, Department of Medicine IV, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, University Cancer Center (UCC), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Greenberg J, Limberg J, Verma A, Kim D, Chen X, Lee YJ, Moore MD, Ullmann TM, Thiesmeyer JW, Loewenstein Z, Chen KJ, Egan CE, Stefanova D, Bareja R, Zarnegar R, Finnerty BM, Scognamiglio T, Du YCN, Elemento O, Fahey TJ, Min IM. Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors feature elevated T cell infiltration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160130. [PMID: 36301668 PMCID: PMC9746918 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are malignancies arising from the islets of Langerhans. Therapeutic options are limited for the over 50% of patients who present with metastatic disease. We aimed to identify mechanisms to remodel the PNET tumor microenvironment (TME) to ultimately enhance susceptibility to immunotherapy. The TMEs of localized and metastatic PNETs were investigated using an approach that combines RNA-Seq, cancer and T cell profiling, and pharmacologic perturbations. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that the primary tumors of metastatic PNETs showed significant activation of inflammatory and immune-related pathways. We determined that metastatic PNETs featured increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells compared with localized tumors. T cells isolated from both localized and metastatic PNETs showed evidence of recruitment and antigen-dependent activation, suggestive of an immune-permissive microenvironment. A computational analysis suggested that vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, may perturb the transcriptomic signature of metastatic PNETs. Treatment of PNET cell lines with vorinostat increased chemokine CCR5 expression by NF-κB activation. Vorinostat treatment of patient-derived metastatic PNET tissues augmented recruitment of autologous T cells, and this augmentation was substantiated in a mouse model of PNET. Pharmacologic induction of chemokine expression may represent a promising approach for enhancing the immunogenicity of metastatic PNET TMEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
| | - David Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
| | | | | | - Theresa Scognamiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Nancy Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
McClellan K, Chen EY, Kardosh A, Lopez CD, Del Rivero J, Mallak N, Rocha FG, Koethe Y, Pommier R, Mittra E, Pegna GJ. Therapy Resistant Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4769. [PMID: 36230691 PMCID: PMC9563314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogenous group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of which has been increasing for several decades. While there has been significant progress in the development of therapeutic options for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, these remain limited both in quantity and durability of benefit. This review examines the latest research elucidating the mechanisms of both up-front resistance and the eventual development of resistance to the primary systemic therapeutic options including somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium Lu 177 dotatate, everolimus, sunitinib, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Further, potential strategies for overcoming these mechanisms of resistance are reviewed in addition to a comprehensive review of ongoing and planned clinical trials addressing this important challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen McClellan
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emerson Y. Chen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Adel Kardosh
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles D. Lopez
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadine Mallak
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Flavio G. Rocha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yilun Koethe
- Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rodney Pommier
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Mittra
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume J. Pegna
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pozas J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Román MS, Santoni M, Thirlwell C, Grande E, Molina-Cerrillo J. Novel therapeutic approaches in GEP-NETs based on genetic and epigenetic alterations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188804. [PMID: 36152904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are heterogeneous malignancies with distinct prognosis based on primary tumor localization, grade, stage and functionality. Surgery remains the only curative option in localized tumors, but systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced disease. For decades, the therapeutic landscape of GEP-NETs was limited to chemotherapy regimens with low response rates. The arrival of novel agents such as somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or mTOR-targeted drugs, has changed the therapeutic paradigm of GEP-NETs. However, the efficacy of these agents is limited in time and there is scarce knowledge of optimal treatment sequencing. In recent years, massive parallel sequencing techniques have started to unravel the genomic intricacies of these tumors, allowing us to better understand the mechanisms of resistance to current treatments and to develop new targeted agents that will hopefully start an era for personalized treatment in NETs. In this review we aim to summarize the most relevant genomic aberrations and signaling pathways underlying GEP-NET tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic strategies derived from them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria San Román
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Ddepartment. MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induces Autophagy and Cell Death via SCNN1A Downregulation in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184537. [PMID: 36139696 PMCID: PMC9496778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV, highly malignant brain tumor. Because of the heterogeneity of GBM, a multitarget drug is a rational strategy for GBM treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in cell death, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. We found that the HDAC4/HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 at 0.5 µM significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation of patient-derived, temozolomide-resistant GBM P#5 TMZ-R, U-87 MG, and T98G cells. Moreover, LMK235 also significantly increased TUBA acetylation, which is an indicator of HDAC inhibition. Interestingly, LMK235 induced MAP1LC3 robust readout and puncta accumulation but did not enhance PARP1 cleavage or the proportion of annexin V-positive cells, suggesting that LMK235-induced cell death occurred via autophagy activation. Further RNA-seq analysis after LMK235 treatment showed that 597 different expression genes compared to control. After bioinformatic analysis by KEGG and STRING, we focused on 34 genes and validated their mRNA expression by qPCR. Further validation showed that 2 µM LMK235 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of SCNN1A. Cell viability of SCNN1A-silenced cells were reduced, but cells were rescued while treated with an autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Conclusively, SCNN1A plays a role in LMK235-induced autophagy and cell death in GBM cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang YC, Shieh MC, Chang YH, Huang WL, Su WC, Cheng FY, Cheung CHA. Development of a cancer cells self‑activating and miR‑125a‑5p expressing poly‑pharmacological nanodrug for cancer treatment. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:102. [PMID: 35703361 PMCID: PMC9239037 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can acquire resistance to targeted therapeutic agents when the designated targets or their downstream signaling molecules develop protein conformational or activity changes. There is an increasing interest in developing poly-pharmacologic anticancer agents to target multiple oncoproteins or signaling pathways in cancer cells. The microRNA 125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) is a tumor suppressor, and its expression has frequently been downregulated in tumors. By contrast, the anti-apoptotic molecule BIRC5/SURVIVIN is highly expressed in tumors but not in the differentiated normal tissues. In the present study, the development of a BIRC5 gene promoter-driven, miR-125a-5p expressing, poly-L-lysine-conjugated magnetite iron poly-pharmacologic nanodrug (pL-MNP-pSur-125a) was reported. The cancer cells self-activating property and the anticancer effects of this nanodrug were examined in both the multidrug efflux protein ABCB1/MDR1-expressing/-non-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that pL-MNP-pSur-125a decreased the expression of ERBB2/HER2, HDAC5, BIRC5, and SP1, which are hot therapeutic targets for cancer in vitro. Notably, pL-MNP-pSur-125a also downregulated the expression of TDO2 in the human KB cervical carcinoma cells. PL-MNP-pSur-125a decreased the viability of various BIRC5-expressing cancer cells, regardless of the tissue origin or the expression of ABCB1, but not of the human BIRC5-non-expressing HMEC-1 endothelial cells. In vivo, pL-MNP-pSur-125a exhibited potent antitumor growth effects, but without inducing liver toxicity, in various zebrafish human-ABCB1-expressing and ABCB1-non-expressing tumor xenograft models. In conclusion, pL-MNP-pSur-125a is an easy-to-prepare and a promising poly-pharmacological anticancer nanodrug that has the potential to manage numerous malignancies, particularly for patients with BIRC5/ABCB1-related drug resistance after prolonged chemotherapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chieh Shieh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‑Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111396, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng Y, Yin L, Zhou J, Zeng R, Xiao Y, Black AR, Hu T, Singh PK, Yin F, Batra SK, Yu F, Chen Y, Dong J. MARK2 regulates chemotherapeutic responses through class IIa HDAC-YAP axis in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3859-3875. [PMID: 35780183 PMCID: PMC9339507 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite paclitaxel's wide use in cancer treatment, patient response rate is still low and drug resistance is a major clinical obstacle. Through a Phos-tag-based kinome-wide screen, we identified MARK2 as a critical regulator for paclitaxel chemosensitivity in PDAC. We show that MARK2 is phosphorylated by CDK1 in response to antitubulin chemotherapeutics and in unperturbed mitosis. Phosphorylation is essential for MARK2 in regulating mitotic progression and paclitaxel cytotoxicity in PDAC cells. Mechanistically, our findings also suggest that MARK2 controls paclitaxel chemosensitivity by regulating class IIa HDACs. MARK2 directly phosphorylates HDAC4 specifically during antitubulin treatment. Phosphorylated HDAC4 promotes YAP activation and controls expression of YAP target genes induced by paclitaxel. Importantly, combination of HDAC inhibition and paclitaxel overcomes chemoresistance in organoid culture and preclinical PDAC animal models. The expression levels of MARK2, HDACs, and YAP are upregulated and positively correlated in PDAC patients. Inhibition of MARK2 or class IIa HDACs potentiates paclitaxel cytotoxicity by inducing mitotic abnormalities in PDAC cells. Together, our findings identify the MARK2-HDAC axis as a druggable target for overcoming chemoresistance in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zeng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jiuli Zhou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renya Zeng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tuo Hu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Pathology and Anatomic Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Christ E, Wild D, Refardt J. Molecular Imaging in neuroendocrine neoplasias. Presse Med 2022; 51:104115. [PMID: 35131317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging, which uses molecular targets due to the overexpression of specific peptide hormone receptors on the tumour surface, has become an indispensable diagnostic technique. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) especially differentiated NENs or neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a rare group of heterogeneous tumours, characterized by the expression of hormone receptors on the tumour cell surface. This property makes them receptive to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptides. Amongst the known hormone receptors, somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed on the majority of NETs and are therefore the most relevant receptors for theranostic approaches. Current research aims to medically upregulate their expression, while other focuses are on the use of different radiopeptides (64Cu and 67Cu) or somatostatin-antagonists instead of the established somatostatin agonists. The GLP-1 receptor is another clinically relevant target, as GLP-1-R imaging has become the new standard for the localisation of insulinomas. For staging and prognostic evaluation in dedifferentiated NENs, 18F-FDG-imaging is useful, but lacks a therapeutic counterpart. Further options for patients with insufficient expression of SSTR involve metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and the molecular target C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4). New targets such as the glucose-dependant insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have been identified in NENs recently and await further evaluation. For medullary thyroid cancer 18-F-DOPA imaging is standard, however this technique is rather second line for other NENs. In this area, the discovery of minigastrin, which targets the cholecystokinin-2 (CCK2) receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma and foregut NENs, may improve future management. This review aims to provide an overview of the most commonly used functional imaging modalities for theranostics in NENs today and in the possible future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Christ
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Damian Wild
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Refardt
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Yamauchi Y, Quispe-Salcedo A, Chao Feng Z, Huang J, Partridge NC, Nakatani T, D’Armiento J, Shimizu E. The Critical Role of MMP13 in Regulating Tooth Development and Reactionary Dentinogenesis Repair Through the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:883266. [PMID: 35531096 PMCID: PMC9068941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.883266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) is important for bone formation and remodeling; however, its role in tooth development remains unknown. To investigate this, MMP13-knockout (Mmp13−/−) mice were used to analyze phenotypic changes in the dentin–pulp complex, mineralization-associated marker-expression, and mechanistic interactions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high MMP13-expression in pulp-tissue, ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dentin in developing WT-molars, which reduced in adults, with human-DPC cultures demonstrating a >2000-fold increase in Mmp13-expression during mineralization. Morphologically, Mmp13−/− molars displayed critical alterations in the dentin-phenotype, affecting dentin-tubule regularity, the odontoblast-palisade and predentin-definition with significantly reduced dentin volume (∼30% incisor; 13% molar), and enamel and dentin mineral-density. Reactionary-tertiary-dentin in response to injury was reduced at Mmp13−/− molar cusp-tips but with significantly more dystrophic pulpal mineralization in MMP13-null samples. Odontoblast differentiation-markers, nestin and DSP, reduced in expression after MMP13-loss in vivo, with reduced calcium deposition in MMP13-null DPC cultures. RNA-sequencing analysis of WT and Mmp13−/− pulp highlighted 5,020 transcripts to have significantly >2.0-fold change, with pathway-analysis indicating downregulation of the Wnt-signaling pathway, supported by reduced in vivo expression of the Wnt-responsive gene Axin2. Mmp13 interaction with Axin2 could be partly responsible for the loss of odontoblastic activity and alteration to the tooth phenotype and volume which is evident in this study. Overall, our novel findings indicate MMP13 as critical for tooth development and mineralization processes, highlighting mechanistic interaction with the Wnt-signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Henry F. Duncan, ; Emi Shimizu,
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Zhi Chao Feng
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry F. Duncan, ; Emi Shimizu,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He X, Sun T, Zhang P, Xia Z, Gao C, Ren H, Ji D. Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Class IIa With MC1568 Ameliorates Podocyte Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:848938. [PMID: 35492337 PMCID: PMC9046702 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.848938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents against proteinuric kidney diseases, here, we investigated the effect of MC1568, a selective inhibitor of HDAC class IIa, on the development and progression of nephrotic syndrome in a murine model induced by Adriamycin (ADR). In kidney tissues of FSGS patients, all four members of HDAC IIa were significantly upregulated in podocytes. In ADR-treated cultured human podocyte, expression of HDAC IIa were induced, meanwhile inhibition of HDAC IIa with MC1568 restored cytoskeleton structure and suppressed expression of desmin and α-SMA. In mice, administration of MC1568 at 14 days after ADR ameliorated proteinuria and podocyte injury, also decreased expression of Fibronectin and α-SMA. Mechanistically, MC1568 inhibited ADR induced β-catenin activation in vitro and in vivo. Together, these finding demonstrate that HDAC IIa inhibition ameliorates podocyte injury and proteinuria, which provide a possibility that MC1568 may be used in nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengkun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqi Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqi Ren,
| | - Daxi Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Daxi Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Effect of VPA Treatment on Radiolabeled DOTATATE Uptake: Differences Observed In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010173. [PMID: 35057069 PMCID: PMC8779846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), we aimed to enhance the expression of somatostatin type-2 receptors (SSTR2) in vitro and in vivo, using valproic acid (VPA). Methods: Human NCI-H69 small-cell lung carcinoma cells were treated with VPA, followed by [111In]In-DOTATATE uptake studies, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, NCI-H69 xenografted mice were treated with VPA or vehicle, followed by [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE injection. Biodistribution studies were performed, and tissues were collected for further analysis. Results: VPA significantly increased SSTR2 expression in vitro. In animals, a statistically significant increased [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE tumoral uptake was observed when VPA was administered eight hours before [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE administration, but increased tumor SSTR2 expression levels were lacking. The animals also presented significantly higher [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE blood levels, as well as an elevated renal tubular damage score. This suggests that the enhanced tumor uptake was presumably a consequence of the increased radiotracer circulation and the induced kidney damage. Conclusions: VPA increases SSTR2 expression in vitro. In vivo, the observed increase in tumoral [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE uptake is not caused by SSTR2 upregulation, but rather by other mechanisms, e.g., an increased [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE circulation time and renal toxicity. However, since both drugs are safely used in humans, the potential of VPA to improve PRRT remains open for investigation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Marini F, Giusti F, Brandi ML. Epigenetic-based targeted therapies for well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and future perspectives. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:295-307. [PMID: 34554891 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1982382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are a heterogeneous group of primary tumors of the endocrine pancreas. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, gene expression alteration, global DNA hypomethylation of non-coding regions, DNA hypermethylation and silencing of tumor suppressor gene promoters are frequent epigenetic changes in PanNETs. These changes exert a role in neoplastic transformation and progression. As epigenetic mechanisms, converse to genetic mutations, are potentially reversible, they are an interesting and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PanNETs. AREAS COVERED We reviewed main epigenetic alterations associated with the development, biological and clinical features and progression of PanNETs, as well as emerging therapies targeting epigenetic changes, which may prove effective for the treatment of human PanNETs. EXPERT OPINION Constant advances in the PanNET medical approach, as reported in the clinical and therapeutic recommendations of ESMO, improved the overall survival of patients over the years. However, over 60% of the patients with metastatic disease still have poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulator drugs, currently approved to treat some human malignancies, that showed anti-tumoral activity also on PanNETs, in pre-clinical and clinical studies, could concur to ameliorate the prognosis and OS of advanced and metastatic PanNET, in combination with surgery and currently employed medical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of refereFlorence, Florence, Italy
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of refereFlorence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maharjan CK, Ear PH, Tran CG, Howe JR, Chandrasekharan C, Quelle DE. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5117. [PMID: 34680266 PMCID: PMC8533967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are unique, slow-growing malignancies whose molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood. With rising incidence of pNETs over the last four decades, larger and more comprehensive 'omic' analyses of patient tumors have led to a clearer picture of the pNET genomic landscape and transcriptional profiles for both primary and metastatic lesions. In pNET patients with advanced disease, those insights have guided the use of targeted therapies that inhibit activated mTOR and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways or stimulate somatostatin receptor signaling. Such treatments have significantly benefited patients, but intrinsic or acquired drug resistance in the tumors remains a major problem that leaves few to no effective treatment options for advanced cases. This demands a better understanding of essential molecular and biological events underlying pNET growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines the known molecular alterations associated with pNET pathogenesis, identifying which changes may be drivers of the disease and, as such, relevant therapeutic targets. We also highlight areas that warrant further investigation at the biological level and discuss available model systems for pNET research. The paucity of pNET models has hampered research efforts over the years, although recently developed cell line, animal, patient-derived xenograft, and patient-derived organoid models have significantly expanded the available platforms for pNET investigations. Advancements in pNET research and understanding are expected to guide improved patient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Po Hien Ear
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Catherine G. Tran
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - James R. Howe
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Chandrikha Chandrasekharan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparing the Effect of Multiple Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on SSTR2 Expression and [ 111In]In-DOTATATE Uptake in NET Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194905. [PMID: 34638389 PMCID: PMC8508045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This therapy targets the somatostatin type-2 receptors (SSTR2) frequently overexpressed on these types of tumors. Although this therapy has proven to be effective, complete responses are rare and therapy improvement is desirable. We aimed to increase SSTR2 expression on NET cells, potentially increasing the number of patients eligible for SSTR2-targeted PRRT and improving clinical outcomes. We used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to manipulate the epigenetic machinery and hereby aimed to increase SSTR2 gene transcription. Our results showed that the HDACis increased SSTR2 expression in several NET cell lines. Moreover, the uptake of radiolabeled DOTATATE, the tracer used for PRRT, was enhanced. The observed reversibility profile after HDACi withdrawal of the induced effects suggests that proper timing of HDACi treatment is likely essential. Abstract The aim of this study was to increase somatostatin type-2 receptor (SSTR2) expression on neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), potentially increasing the uptake of SSTR2-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and subsequently improving treatment efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Human NET cell lines BON-1, NCI-H727, and GOT1 were treated with HDACis (i.e., CI-994, entinostat, LMK-235, mocetinostat, panobinostat, or valproic acid (VPA); entinostat and VPA were the HDACis tested in GOT1 cells) to examine SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and uptake of SSTR2-targeting radiotracer [111In]In-DOTATATE. Reversibility of the induced effects was examined after drug-withdrawal. Finally, the effect of VPA on radiosensitivity was investigated. A strong stimulatory effect in BON-1, NCI-H727, and GOT1 cells was observed after HDACi treatment, both on SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and [111In]In-DOTATATE uptake. The effects of the HDACis were largely reversible over a period of seven days, demonstrating largest reductions within the first day. The reversibility profile of the induced effects suggests that proper timing of HDACi treatment is most likely essential for a beneficial outcome. In addition to increasing SSTR2 expression levels, VPA enhanced the radiosensitivity of all cell lines. In conclusion, HDACi treatment increased SSTR2 expression, and radiosensitivity was also enhanced upon VPA treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Refardt J, Hofland J, Kwadwo A, Nicolas GP, Rottenburger C, Fani M, Wild D, Christ E. Theranostics in neuroendocrine tumors: an overview of current approaches and future challenges. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:581-594. [PMID: 32495250 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, mainly localized in the gastrointestinal system. What characterizes NENs is the expression of hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, making them accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) using radiolabelled peptides. Somatostatin receptors subtype-two (SST2) play an important role in NENs since they are overexpressed and homogeneously distributed at the surface of the majority of NENs. Accordingly, targeting SST2 for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has been established. Current research aims at upregulating its expression by epigenetic treatment or improving its targeting via use of alternative radioligands. In addition, recent data suggest a future role of SST antagonists as a diagnostic tool and a potential therapeutic option. Another promising target is the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. Targeting GLP-1R using exendin-4 (GLP-1 analogue) has a high sensitivity for the localization of the often SST2-negative sporadic insulinomas and insulinomas in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1. Further options for patients with insufficient expression of SST2 involve metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and the molecular target C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), which have been evaluated for potential theranostic approach in symptomatic NENs or dedifferentiated tumors. Recently, new targets such as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have been identified in NENs. Finally, minigastrin - a ligand targeting the cholecystokinin-2 (CCK2) receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma and foregut neuroendocrine tumors - may improve future management of these diseases with currently limited therapeutic options. This review summarises the current approaches and future challenges of diagnostic and therapeutic evaluations in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Refardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antwi Kwadwo
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume P Nicolas
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Rottenburger
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Christ
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Klomp MJ, Dalm SU, de Jong M, Feelders RA, Hofland J, Hofland LJ. Epigenetic regulation of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors and other types of cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:495-510. [PMID: 33085037 PMCID: PMC8346415 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are proteins with important functions in both physiological tissue and in tumors, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). NETs are frequently characterized by high SSTRs expression levels. SST analogues (SSAs) that bind and activate SSTR have anti-proliferative and anti-secretory activity, thereby reducing both the growth as well as the hormonal symptoms of NETs. Moreover, the high expression levels of SSTR type-2 (SSTR2) in NETs is a powerful target for therapy with radiolabeled SSAs. Due to the important role of both SST and SSTRs, it is of great importance to elucidate the mechanisms involved in regulating their expression in NETs, as well as in other types of tumors. The field of epigenetics recently gained interest in NET research, highlighting the importance of this process in regulating the expression of gene and protein expression. In this review we will discuss the role of the epigenetic machinery in controlling the expression of both SSTRs and the neuropeptide SST. Particular attention will be given to the epigenetic regulation of these proteins in NETs, whereas the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in other types of cancer will be discussed as well. In addition, we will discuss the possibility to target enzymes involved in the epigenetic machinery to modify the expression of the SST-system, thereby possibly improving therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Klomp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dimitrakopoulos C, Hindupur SK, Colombi M, Liko D, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S, Behr J, Moore AL, Singer J, Ruscheweyh HJ, Matter MS, Mossmann D, Terracciano LM, Hall MN, Beerenwinkel N. Multi-omics data integration reveals novel drug targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:592. [PMID: 34348664 PMCID: PMC8340535 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic aberrations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well known, but the functional consequences of such aberrations remain poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we explored the effect of defined genetic changes on the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome in twelve tumors from an mTOR-driven hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Using Network-based Integration of multi-omiCS data (NetICS), we detected 74 'mediators' that relay via molecular interactions the effects of genetic and miRNA expression changes. The detected mediators account for the effects of oncogenic mTOR signaling on the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome. We confirmed the dysregulation of the mediators YAP1, GRB2, SIRT1, HDAC4 and LIS1 in human HCC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that targeting pathways such as YAP1 or GRB2 signaling and pathways regulating global histone acetylation could be beneficial in treating HCC with hyperactive mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Roche, PTD Biologics Europe, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sravanth Kumar Hindupur
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dritan Liko
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Behr
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ariane L Moore
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Singer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pollard JH, Menda Y, Zamba KD, Madsen M, O'Dorisio MS, O'Dorisio T, Bushnell D. Potential for Increasing Uptake of Radiolabeled 68Ga-DOTATOC and 123I-MIBG in Patients with Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors Using a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Vorinostat. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 36:632-641. [PMID: 34252288 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown in preclinical studies to upregulate norepinephrine transporters in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, and somatostatin receptors in pulmonary carcinoid, small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic neuroendocrine malignancies. This pilot imaging study in humans focuses on midgut neuroendocrine carcinoma metastatic to the liver, evaluating the effect of pretreatment with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat on uptake of 123I-MIBG and 68Ga-DOTATOC. Materials and Methods: Multiple midgut neuroendocrine liver metastases in clinically stable subjects were imaged with 123I-MIBG and 68Ga-DOTATOC before and after a 4-d course of vorinostat. Scans were performed with strict attention to detail and timed about 1 month apart occurring just before monthly long-acting octreotide administrations. Uptake changes in tumor and normal liver parenchyma were assessed on positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) with standardized uptake values and on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with qualitative ratio images. Results: The experimental units were metastatic liver lesions within patients (n = 50). There was no significant difference in administered activity or uptake time between pairs of scans for either radiotracer. Statistically significant increase in maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) averaged over all lesions was noted on the 68Ga-DOTATOC PET scans (+11%, p < 0.01). SUVmax in normal liver showed no significant change (p = 0.12). There was no qualitative change in uptake of 123I-MIBG after vorinostat. Conclusions: In this pilot imaging study in patients with midgut neuroendocrine liver metastases, a short course of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat induced a statistically significant increase in SUVmax on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging in some hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases. There was no significant effect of vorinostat on tumor uptake of 123I-MIBG on SPECT/CT imaging. Given the pilot nature of this trial, the findings merit further investigation with a more rigorous protocol evaluating longer pretreatment and different dosages of vorinostat or other HDAC inhibitors, as well as effects on the therapeutic capability of 177Lu- or 90Y-somatostatin analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet H Pollard
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City Veterans Administration Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - K D Zamba
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark Madsen
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - M Sue O'Dorisio
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas O'Dorisio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Bushnell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City Veterans Administration Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang J, Gong C, Ke Q, Fang Z, Chen X, Ye M, Xu X. Insights Into the Function and Clinical Application of HDAC5 in Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 11:661620. [PMID: 34178647 PMCID: PMC8222663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.661620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) is a class II HDAC. Aberrant expression of HDAC5 has been observed in multiple cancer types, and its functions in cell proliferation and invasion, the immune response, and maintenance of stemness have been widely studied. HDAC5 is considered as a reliable therapeutic target for anticancer drugs. In light of recent findings regarding the role of epigenetic reprogramming in tumorigenesis, in this review, we provide an overview of the expression, biological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical significance of HDAC5 in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmenwan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sanmen, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Municipal Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qinjian Ke
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmenwan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sanmen, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmenwan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sanmen, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmenwan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sanmen, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Targeting HDACs in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061408. [PMID: 34204116 PMCID: PMC8228033 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) represent a rare and heterogeneous tumor entity. In addition to surgical resection, several therapeutic approaches, including biotherapy, targeted therapy or chemotherapy are applicable. However, primary or secondary resistance to current therapies is still challenging. Recent genome-wide sequencing efforts in PanNET identified a large number of mutations in pathways involved in epigenetic modulation, including acetylation. Therefore, targeting epigenetic modulators in neuroendocrine cells could represent a new therapeutic avenue. Detailed information on functional effects and affected signaling pathways upon epigenetic targeting in PanNETs, however, is missing. The primary human PanNET cells NT-3 and NT-18 as well as the murine insulinoma cell lines beta-TC-6 (mouse) and RIN-T3 (rat) were treated with the non-selective histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat (PB) and analyzed for functional effects and affected signaling pathways by performing Western blot, FACS and qPCR analyses. Additionally, NanoString analysis of more than 500 potentially affected targets was performed. In vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses on tumor samples from xenografts and the transgenic neuroendocrine Rip1Tag2-mouse model were investigated. PB dose dependently induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in neuroendocrine cells in human and murine species. HDAC inhibition stimulated redifferentiation of human primary PanNET cells by increasing mRNA-expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and insulin production. In addition to hyperacetylation of known targets, PB mediated pleitropic effects via targeting genes involved in the cell cycle and modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis. The HDAC subtypes are expressed ubiquitously in the existing cell models and in human samples of metastatic PanNET. Our results uncover epigenetic HDAC modulation using PB as a promising new therapeutic avenue in PanNET, linking cell-cycle modulation and pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 to epigenetic targeting. Based on our data demonstrating a significant impact of HDAC inhibition in clinical relevant in vitro models, further validation in vivo is warranted.
Collapse
|
28
|
Novel late-stage radiosynthesis of 5-[18F]-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (TFMO) containing molecules for PET imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10668. [PMID: 34021207 PMCID: PMC8139947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that contain the (TFMO) moiety were reported to specifically inhibit the class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), an important target in cancer and the disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, radiolabeling methods to incorporate the [18F]fluoride into the TFMO moiety are lacking. Herein, we report a novel late-stage incorporation of [18F]fluoride into the TFMO moiety in a single radiochemical step. In this approach the bromodifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole was converted into [18F]TFMO via no-carrier-added bromine-[18F]fluoride exchange in a single step, thus producing the PET tracers with acceptable radiochemical yield (3–5%), high radiochemical purity (> 98%) and moderate molar activity of 0.33–0.49 GBq/umol (8.9–13.4 mCi/umol). We validated the utility of the novel radiochemical design by the radiosynthesis of [18F]TMP195, which is a known TFMO containing potent inhibitor of class-IIa HDACs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Brandi ML, Agarwal SK, Perrier ND, Lines KE, Valk GD, Thakker RV. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Latest Insights. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:133-170. [PMID: 33249439 PMCID: PMC7958143 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a rare tumor syndrome that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, is continuing to raise great interest for endocrinology, gastroenterology, surgery, radiology, genetics, and molecular biology specialists. There have been 2 major clinical practice guidance papers published in the past 2 decades, with the most recent published 8 years ago. Since then, several new insights on the basic biology and clinical features of MEN1 have appeared in the literature, and those data are discussed in this review. The genetic and molecular interactions of the MEN1-encoded protein menin with transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins in cell signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein, a few nuclear receptors, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog, and preclinical studies in mouse models have facilitated the understanding of the pathogenesis of MEN1-associated tumors and potential pharmacological interventions. The advancements in genetic diagnosis have offered a chance to recognize MEN1-related conditions in germline MEN1 mutation-negative patients. There is rapidly accumulating knowledge about clinical presentation in children, adolescents, and pregnancy that is translatable into the management of these very fragile patients. The discoveries about the genetic and molecular signatures of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors support the development of clinical trials with novel targeted therapies, along with advancements in diagnostic tools and surgical approaches. Finally, quality of life studies in patients affected by MEN1 and related conditions represent an effort necessary to develop a pharmacoeconomic interpretation of the problem. Because advances are being made both broadly and in focused areas, this timely review presents and discusses those studies collectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy D Perrier
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gerlof D Valk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Minczeles NS, Hofland J, de Herder WW, Brabander T. Strategies Towards Improving Clinical Outcomes of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 33721105 PMCID: PMC7960621 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate is an effective and safe second- or third-line treatment option for patients with low-grade advanced gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). In this review, we will focus on possible extensions of the current use of PRRT and on new approaches which could further improve its treatment efficacy and safety. RECENT FINDINGS Promising results were published regarding PRRT in other NENs, including lung NENs or high-grade NENs, and applying PRRT as neoadjuvant or salvage therapy. Furthermore, a diversity of strategic approaches, including dosimetry, somatostatin receptor antagonists, somatostatin receptor upregulation, radiosensitization, different radionuclides, albumin binding, alternative renal protection, and liver-directed therapy in combination with PRRT, have the potential to improve the outcome of PRRT. Also, novel biomarkers are presented that could predict response to PRRT. Multiple preclinical and early clinical studies have shown encouraging potential to advance the clinical outcome of PRRT in NEN patients. However, at this moment, most of these strategies have not yet reached the clinical setting of randomized phase III trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Minczeles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Brabander
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- ENETS Center of Excellence Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gagliano T, Brancolini C. Targeting histone deacetylases for combination therapies in neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:547-550. [PMID: 33221822 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang BJ, Chen D, Dekker FJ, Quax WJ. Improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancers by interfering with histone modifications. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:791-803. [PMID: 35582230 PMCID: PMC8992553 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation refers to alterations to the chromatin template that collectively establish differential patterns of gene transcription. Post-translational modifications of the histones play a key role in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on the role of histone modifications in carcinogenesis. Since tumour-selective ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are well-considered as promising anti-tumour therapies, we summarise strategies for improving TRAIL sensitivity by inhibiting aberrant histone modifications in cancers. In this perspective we also discuss new epigenetic drug targets for enhancing TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jie Zhang
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Deng Chen
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guenter R, Aweda T, Carmona Matos DM, Jang S, Whitt J, Cheng YQ, Liu XM, Chen H, Lapi SE, Jaskula-Sztul R. Overexpression of somatostatin receptor type 2 in neuroendocrine tumors for improved Ga68-DOTATATE imaging and treatment. Surgery 2019; 167:189-196. [PMID: 31629542 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors are found throughout the body, including the pancreas. These tumors are phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous and can be difficult to accurately image using current imaging standards. However, positron emission tomography/computed tomography with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs has shown clinical success because many neuroendocrine tumors overexpress somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Unfortunately, patients with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors often have a diminished level of somatostatin receptor subtype 2. We found that histone deacetylase inhibitors can upregulate the functional expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2. METHODS We evaluated the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression at the mRNA and protein level in neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. The effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on surface somatostatin receptor subtype 2 was also investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Changes in somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression in neuroendocrine tumor xenografts after treatment were imaged using Ga68-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography. RESULTS The functional increase of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors after histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment was confirmed through in vitro experiments and small animal Ga68-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Histone deacetylase inhibitors increased somatostatin receptor subtype 2 transcription and protein expression in neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. Small animal Ga68-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging confirmed the enhancement of radiopeptide uptake after histone deacetylase inhibitor administration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a new method to potentially improve imaging and treatments that target somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tolulope Aweda
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Danilea M Carmona Matos
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL; San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - X Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sapalidis K, Kosmidis C, Funtanidou V, Katsaounis A, Barmpas A, Koimtzis G, Mantalobas S, Alexandrou V, Aidoni Z, Koulouris C, Pavlidis E, Giannakidis D, Surlin V, Pantea S, Strambu V, Constantina RO, Amaniti A, Zarogoulidis P, Mogoantă S, Kesisoglou I, Sardeli C. Update on current pancreatic treatments: from molecular pathways to treatment. J Cancer 2019; 10:5162-5172. [PMID: 31602269 PMCID: PMC6775621 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage although we have novel diagnostic tools. Pancreatic cancer chemotherapy treatment resistance is observed and therefore novel treatments are in need. Anti-cancer stem cell therapy, combination of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with immunotherapy, proteins/enzymes and gene therapy are currently under evaluation. Targeted treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also administered and novel inhibitors are also under evaluation. In the current review we present recent data from our search within the year 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara Funtanidou
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsaounis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amastasios Barmpas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Koimtzis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Mantalobas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vyron Alexandrou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Aidoni
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios Pavlidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Victor Strambu
- General Surgery Department, "Dr Carol Davila", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucuresti, Romania
| | | | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelian Mogoantă
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao J, Gray SG, Greene CM, Lawless MW. Unmasking the pathological and therapeutic potential of histone deacetylases for liver cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:247-256. [PMID: 30791763 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1568870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, currently ranking as one of the highest neoplastic-related mortalities in the world. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options, the 5-year survival rate of HCC remains extremely low. Histone deacetylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms, regulating cellular events such as differentiation, proliferation and cell cycle. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), the chief mediators of this epigenetic mechanism, are often aberrantly expressed in various tumours including HCC. Areas covered: This review focuses on the most up-to-date findings of HDACs and their associated molecular mechanisms in HCC onset and progression. In addition, a potential network between HDACs and non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs underlying hepatocarcinogenesis is considered. Expert opinion: Unmasking the role of HDACs and their association with HCC pathogenesis could have implications for future personalized therapeutic and diagnostic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- a Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- b Department of Clinical Medicine , Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- c Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Matthew W Lawless
- a Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|