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Liu Y, Guo J, Cheng J, Fang Q, Wang D, Xie W, Li C. Clinicopathological and Molecular Profile of Sellar Neurocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae260. [PMID: 38626164 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features, imaging characteristics and molecular profile of Sellar neurocytoma (SN). METHODS Clinical, imaging, and pathological features of eleven cases of sellar neurocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. Electron microscopy was performed in five cases. Molecular features were detected in tumor tissue by RNA sequencing, qPCR and IHC. RESULTS The clinical features of SN patients showed high incidence of hyponatremia (73%,8/11) and the tumors tended to invaded lateral side of saddle area from preoperative imaging analysis. The tumors had positive NeuN, SYN, NF, SSTR2 immunohistochemistry staining. Tumor transcriptomic analysis suggested a new LMCD1-AS1:GRM7-AS1 fusion gene event and increased expression of 10 hypothalamus-secreted hormones in SN. 15 differentially expressed genes were verified for qPCR verification. SSTR2 has been verified by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Hyponatremia is the dominant clinical features of SN. Preoperative imaging suggests that growth toward the dorsal region is the imaging feature of SN. SSTR2 expression and LMCD1-AS1:GRM7-AS1 fusion gene event expected to become a new molecular marker for SN. Somatostatin receptor ligand therapy may be a potential therapy for SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
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AghaAmiri S, Estrella JS, Vargas SH, Hurd MW, Ghosh SC, Azhdarinia A, Ikoma N. Translational Potential of a Contrast Agent for FGS Applications in pNETs. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:191-194. [PMID: 38267640 PMCID: PMC10973013 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz AghaAmiri
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jeannelyn S Estrella
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Servando Hernandez Vargas
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mark W Hurd
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sukhen C Ghosh
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Njotu FN, Ketchemen JP, Tikum AF, Babeker H, Gray BD, Pak KY, Uppalapati M, Fonge H. Efficacy of [ 67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE Theranostic Against Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-2-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:533-539. [PMID: 38485273 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
β--emitting 177Lu-octreotate is an approved somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2)-directed peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However,177Lu-octreotate has fast pharmacokinetics, requiring up to 4 treatment doses. Moreover, 177Lu is less than ideal for theranostics because of the low branching ratio of its γ-emissions, which limits its SPECT imaging capability. Compared with 177Lu, 67Cu has better decay properties for use as a theranostic. Here, we report the preclinical evaluation of a long-lived somatostatin analog, [67Cu]Cu-DOTA-Evans blue-TATE (EB-TATE), against SSTR2-positive NETs. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE was investigated on 2-dimensional cells and 3-dimensional spheroids. In vivo pharmacokinetics and dosimetry were studied in healthy BALB/c mice, whereas ex vivo biodistribution, micro-SPECT/CT imaging, and therapy studies were done on athymic nude mice bearing QGP1.SSTR2 and BON1.SSTR2 xenografts. Therapeutic efficacy was compared with [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE. Results: Projected human effective doses of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE for male (0.066 mSv/MBq) and female (0.085 mSv/MBq) patients are tolerable. In vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging of SSTR2-positive xenografts with [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE showed tumor-specific uptake and prolonged accumulation. Biodistribution showed tumor accumulation, with concurrent clearance from major organs over a period of 72 h. [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE was more effective (60%) at eliminating tumors that were smaller than 50 mm3 within the first 15 d of therapy than was [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE (20%) after treatment with 2 doses of 15 MBq administered 10 d apart. Mean survival of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE-treated groups was 90 d and more than 90 d, whereas that of [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE was more than 90 d and 89 d against vehicle control groups (26 d and 53 d), for QGP1.SSTR2 and BON1.SSTR2 xenografts, respectively. Conclusion: [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE exhibited high SSTR2-positive NET uptake and retention, with favorable dosimetry and SPECT/CT imaging capabilities. The antitumor efficacy of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE is comparable to that of [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE, with [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE being slightly more effective than [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE for complete remission of small tumors. [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE therefore warrants clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Ngoh Njotu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Pougoue Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hanan Babeker
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Maruti Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Huang T, Wang X, Su J, He J, Shi N, Wang Y, Li J. SSTR2 Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of SST/CST on Lipolysis in Chicken Adipose Tissue. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1034. [PMID: 38612272 PMCID: PMC11010918 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin shows an anti-lipolytic effect in both chickens and ducks. However, its molecular mediator remains to be identified. Here, we report that somatostatin type 2 receptor (SSTR2) is expressed at a high level in chicken adipose tissue. In cultured chicken adipose tissue, the inhibition of glucagon-stimulated lipolysis by somatostatin was blocked by an SSTR2 antagonist (CYN-154086), supporting an SSTR2-mediated anti-lipolytic effect. Furthermore, a significant pro-proliferative effect was detected in SST28-treated immortalized chicken preadipocytes (ICP-1), and this cell proliferative effect may be mediated through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway activated by SSTR2. In summary, our results demonstrate that SSTR2 may regulate adipose tissue development by affecting the number and volume of adipocytes in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Tianjiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Jiancheng Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Jiliang He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Ningkun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
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Yang Y, Vedvyas Y, Alcaina Y, Son JY, Min IM, Jin MM. Low-dose targeted radionuclide therapy synergizes with CAR T cells and enhances tumor response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355388. [PMID: 38550578 PMCID: PMC10972862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has garnered considerable attention as a combination partner for immunotherapy due to its potential immunostimulatory effects. In contrast to the more commonly used external beam radiation, we explored the feasibility of combining chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy with targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), which is achieved by delivering β-emitting 177Lu-DOTATATE to tumor via tumor-infiltrating CAR T cells that express somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). We hypothesized that the delivery of radiation to tumors could synergize with CAR T therapy, resulting in enhanced antitumor immunity and tumor response. To determine the optimal dosage and timing of 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment, we measured CAR T cell infiltration and expansion in tumors longitudinally through positron emission tomography (PET) using a SSTR2-specific positron-emitting radiotracer,18F-NOTA-Octreotide. In animals receiving CAR T cells and a low-dose (2.5 Gy) of TRT following the administration of 177Lu-DOTATATE, we observed a rapid regression of large subcutaneous tumors, which coincided with a dramatic increase in serum proinflammatory cytokines. Tumor burden was also reduced when a higher radiation dose (6 Gy) was delivered to the tumor. However, this higher dose led to cell death in both the tumor and CAR T cells. Our study suggests that there may exist an optimum range of TRT dosage that can enhance T cell activity and sensitize tumor cells to T cell killing, which may result in more durable tumor control compared to a higher radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yogindra Vedvyas
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yago Alcaina
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ju Y. Son
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irene M. Min
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Moonsoo M. Jin
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Lee D, Li M, Liu D, Baumhover NJ, Sagastume EA, Marks BM, Rastogi P, Pigge FC, Menda Y, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Structural modifications toward improved lead-203/lead-212 peptide-based image-guided alpha-particle radiopharmaceutical therapies for neuroendocrine tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1147-1162. [PMID: 37955792 PMCID: PMC10881741 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lead-203 (203Pb)/lead-212 (212Pb) elementally identical radionuclide pair has gained significant interest in the field of image-guided targeted alpha-particle therapy for cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that 212Pb-labeled peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals targeting somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) may provide improved effectiveness compared to beta-particle-based therapies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study aims to improve the performance of SSTR2-targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy through structural modifications to Tyr3-octreotide (TOC)-based radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS New SSTR2-targeted peptides were designed and synthesized with the goal of optimizing the incorporation of Pb isotopes through the use of a modified cyclization technique; the introduction of a Pb-specific chelator (PSC); and the insertion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers. The binding affinity of the peptides and the cellular uptake of 203Pb-labeled peptides were evaluated using pancreatic AR42J (SSTR2+) tumor cells and the biodistribution and imaging of the 203Pb-labeled peptides were assessed in an AR42J tumor xenograft mouse model. A lead peptide was identified (i.e., PSC-PEG2-TOC), which was then further evaluated for efficacy in 212Pb therapy studies. RESULTS The lead radiopeptide drug conjugate (RPDC) - [203Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC - significantly improved the tumor-targeting properties, including receptor binding and tumor accumulation and retention as compared to [203Pb]Pb-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC). Additionally, the modified RPDC exhibited faster renal clearance than the DOTATOC counterpart. These advantageous characteristics of [212Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC resulted in a dose-dependent therapeutic effect with minimal signs of toxicity in the AR42J xenograft model. Fractionated administrations of 3.7 MBq [212Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC over three doses further improved anti-tumor effectiveness, resulting in 80% survival (70% complete response) over 120 days in the mouse model. CONCLUSION Structural modifications to chelator and linker compositions improved tumor targeting and pharmacokinetics (PK) of 203/212Pb peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for NET theranostics. These findings suggest that PSC-PEG2-TOC is a promising candidate for Pb-based targeted radionuclide therapy for NETs and other types of cancers that express SSTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoul Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengshi Li
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - F Christopher Pigge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, ML B180 FRRBP, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael K Schultz
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, ML B180 FRRBP, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Suhaj P, Do D, Olejar T, Pichova R, Lang O, Matej R. PPY-cell hyperplasia accompanying NENs: Immunohistochemical and nuclear medicine analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154941. [PMID: 38000200 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia (PPY-H) is a multiplication of the neuroendocrine cells producing pancreatic polypeptide (PPY). The development and role of PPY-H and its corresponding clinical and imaging findings still need to be fully elucidated. We present 12 cases of PPY-H accompanying pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (NEN). PPY-H was analyzed with the help of immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy; preoperative clinical data and imaging studies were evaluated retrospectively. We observed PPY-H emerging from pancreatic ducts, and in some cases, we observed simultaneous NKX6.1 positivity in ducts and PPY-H. Additional clinical-pathological correlations suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., epigastric pain and cholestasis) could be more related to PPY-H than to NEN hormonal production. In particular cases, SSTR2 expression was strong in PPY-H and correlated with distinguishable accumulation of activity next to NEN on 99 mTc EDDA/Hynic-TOC SPECT/CT. In another case, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed increased metabolic activity in the area of PPY-H surrounding NEN. Our data suggest that PPY-H originates in the lining of pancreatic ducts. Confirmation of SSTR2 in PPY-H, using immunohistochemistry, suggests the utility of 99 mTc EDDA/Hynic-TOC or 68Ga-DOTA radiotracers in clinical diagnostics; however, studies with larger cohort are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Suhaj
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital (TUH), Czechia.
| | - D Do
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady (UHKV), Czechia
| | - T Olejar
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital (TUH), Czechia
| | - R Pichova
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady (UHKV), Czechia
| | - O Lang
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady (UHKV), Czechia
| | - R Matej
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czechia; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital (TUH), Czechia; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady (UHKV), Czechia
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Adili A, O Connor T, Wales P, Seemann M, Höller S, Hummer B, Freiberger SN, Rauthe S, Rupp NJ. Challenging Tumor Heterogeneity with HER2, p16 and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression in a Case of EBV-Associated Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:1052-1057. [PMID: 37847488 PMCID: PMC10739679 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands (LECSG) is a rare disease in the Western hemisphere that is typically associated with an EBV infection. The molecular mechanisms of LECSG tumorigenesis are poorly understood. RESULTS Here we report a case of EBV-associated LECSG with an unusual immunophenotype. The tumor exhibited bi-morphic histological features with a mutually exclusive expression of HER2 and p16. The p16-positive domain of the tumor immunohistochemically co-expressed late membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), while the HER2 positive domain did not. Both tumor regions expressed SSTR2. METHODS In situ hybridization confirmed the EBV origin of the tumor while extensive immunohistochemical characterization and the recently established RNA-based next generation sequencing panel ("SalvGlandDx" panel) did not reveal evidence for another salivary gland neoplasm. No HPV co-infection was detected by in situ hybridization or PCR-based screenings and no ERBB2 gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION These findings suggest tumor heterogeneity and lack of genomic aberrations in EBV-associated LECSGs. The heterogenous and unusual immunohistochemical features explain the diagnostic difficulties and simultaneously extend the immunophenotype spectrum of this tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlind Adili
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tracy O Connor
- Department of Biology, North Park University, 3225 W. Foster Avenue, Chicago Illinois, 60625, USA
| | - Philipp Wales
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenmedizin, Kantonsspital Olten, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Seemann
- Radiologie Bürgerspital Solothurn, 4500, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Höller
- Institute of Pathology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hummer
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rauthe
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Johnson F, Hofauer B, Wirth M, Wollenberg B, Stögbauer F, Notohamiprodjo S, Haller B, Reschke R, Knopf A, Strassen U. Novel Discovery of the Somatostatin Receptor ( SSTR2) in Pleomorphic Adenomas via Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumors of the Salivary Glands. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3917. [PMID: 37568733 PMCID: PMC10417029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable preoperative diagnosis between salivary gland tumor entities is difficult. In this monocentric retrospective study, we examined the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) status of salivary gland tumors after salivary gland tumor resection via immunohistochemistry (IHC), and stains were compared in analogy to the HER2 mamma scale. A total of 42.3% of all pleomorphic adenoma (PA) tumors (42 of 99, 95% confidence interval 32.5-52.8%) demonstrated ≥20% of cells displaying the SSTR2 as compared to just 1% of all other tumors (1/160, 95% CI 0.02-3.4%). The other tumor was a neuroendocrine carcinoma. PA had a higher intensity of SSTR2 staining, with 90.9% staining ≥ an intensity of 2 (moderate). Tumors with an intensity of SSTR2 expression equal to or greater than 2 had an 89.9% likelihood of being a PA (95% CI: 82.2-95.0%, AUC: 0.928). Only one Warthin tumor demonstrated a 'strong' SSTR2 staining intensity. No Warthin tumor showed a percentage of cells staining for SSTR2 above ≥20%. This result demonstrates consistent and strong expression of SSTR2 in PAs as compared to Warthin tumors, which may allow physicians to utilize radioligand-somatostatin analog PET CT/MR imaging to diagnose the PA. SSTR2 positivity, if shown to be clinically relevant, may allow peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinic of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Hofauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinic of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Wirth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of General and Surgical Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susan Notohamiprodjo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institut für KI und Informatik in der Medizin, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Robin Reschke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Fleur Hiege Center for Skin Cancer Research, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Knopf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Strassen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
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Chapeau D, Koustoulidou S, Handula M, Beekman S, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, de Blois E, Buchatskaya Y, van der Schilden K, de Jong M, Konijnenberg MW, Seimbille Y. [ 212Pb]Pb-eSOMA-01: A Promising Radioligand for Targeted Alpha Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:985. [PMID: 37513897 PMCID: PMC10384862 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been applied to the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) for over two decades. However, improvement is still needed, and targeted alpha therapy (TAT) with alpha emitters such as lead-212 (212Pb) represents a promising avenue. A series of ligands based on octreotate was developed. Lead-203 was used as an imaging surrogate for the selection of the best candidate for the studies with lead-212. 203/212Pb radiolabeling and in vitro assays were carried out, followed by SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution in NCI-H69 tumor-bearing mice. High radiochemical yields (≥99%) and purity (≥96%) were obtained for all ligands. [203Pb]Pb-eSOMA-01 and [203Pb]Pb-eSOMA-02 showed high stability in PBS and mouse serum up to 24 h, whereas [203Pb]Pb-eSOMA-03 was unstable in those conditions. All compounds exhibited a nanomolar affinity (2.5-3.1 nM) for SSTR2. SPECT/CT images revealed high tumor uptake at 1, 4, and 24 h post-injection of [203Pb]Pb-eSOMA-01/02. Ex vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the highest uptake in tumors was observed with [212Pb]Pb-eSOMA-01. [212Pb]Pb-eESOMA-01 displayed the highest absorbed dose in the tumor (35.49 Gy/MBq) and the lowest absorbed dose in the kidneys (121.73 Gy/MBq) among the three tested radioligands. [212Pb]Pb-eSOMA-01 is a promising candidate for targeted alpha therapy of NETs. Further investigations are required to confirm its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Chapeau
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Koustoulidou
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yulia Buchatskaya
- Nuclear Research & Consultancy Group, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion de Jong
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
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11
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Handula M, Beekman S, Konijnenberg M, Stuurman D, de Ridder C, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Denkova A, de Blois E, Seimbille Y. First preclinical evaluation of [ 225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 and comparison with [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11, alpha versus beta radionuclide therapy of NETs. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:13. [PMID: 37389800 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE mediated peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is sometimes leading to treatment resistance and disease recurrence. An interesting alternative could be the somatostatin antagonist, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11, that demonstrated better biodistribution profile and higher tumor uptake than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Furthermore, treatment with alpha emitters showed improvement of the therapeutic index of PRRT due to the high LET offered by the alpha particles compared to beta emitters. Therefore, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 can be a potential candidate to improve the treatment of NETs (Graphical abstract). DOTA-JR11 was radiolabeled with [225Ac]Ac(NO3)3 and [177Lu]LuCl3. Stability studies were performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and mouse serum. In vitro competitive binding assay has been carried out in U2OS-SSTR2 + cells for natLa-DOTA-JR11, natLu-DOTA-JR11 and DOTA-JR11. Ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed in mice inoculated with H69 cells at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after injection of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11. A blocking group was included to verify uptake specificity. Dosimetry of selected organs was determined for [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11. RESULTS [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 has been successfully prepared and obtained in high radiochemical yield (RCY; 95%) and radiochemical purity (RCP; 94%). [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 showed reasonably good stability in PBS (77% intact radiopeptide at 24 h after incubation) and in mouse serum (~ 81% intact radiopeptide 24 h after incubation). [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11 demonstrated excellent stability in both media (> 93%) up to 24 h post incubation. Competitive binding assay revealed that complexation of DOTA-JR11 with natLa and natLu did not affect its binding affinity to SSTR2. Similar biodistribution profiles were observed for both radiopeptides, however, higher uptake was noticed in the kidneys, liver and bone for [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11. CONCLUSION [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 showed a higher absorbed dose in the kidneys compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11, which may limit further studies with this radiopeptide. However, several strategies can be explored to reduce nephrotoxicity and offer opportunities for future clinical investigations with [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Antonia Denkova
- Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.
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12
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Bocchini M, Tazzari M, Ravaioli S, Piccinini F, Foca F, Tebaldi M, Nicolini F, Grassi I, Severi S, Calogero RA, Arigoni M, Schrader J, Mazza M, Paganelli G. Circulating hsa-miR-5096 predicts 18F-FDG PET/CT positivity and modulates somatostatin receptor 2 expression: a novel miR-based assay for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136331. [PMID: 37287922 PMCID: PMC10242108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rare diseases encompassing pancreatic (PanNETs) and ileal NETs (SINETs), characterized by heterogeneous somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) expression. Treatments for inoperable GEP-NETs are limited, and SSTR-targeted Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) achieves variable responses. Prognostic biomarkers for the management of GEP-NET patients are required. 18F-FDG uptake is a prognostic indicator of aggressiveness in GEP-NETs. This study aims to identify circulating and measurable prognostic miRNAs associated with 18F-FDG-PET/CT status, higher risk and lower response to PRRT. Methods Whole miRNOme NGS profiling was conducted on plasma samples obtained from well-differentiated advanced, metastatic, inoperable G1, G2 and G3 GEP-NET patients enrolled in the non-randomized LUX (NCT02736500) and LUNET (NCT02489604) clinical trials prior to PRRT (screening set, n= 24). Differential expression analysis was performed between 18F-FDG positive (n=12) and negative (n=12) patients. Validation was conducted by Real Time quantitative PCR in two distinct well-differentiated GEP-NET validation cohorts, considering the primary site of origin (PanNETs n=38 and SINETs n=30). The Cox regression was applied to assess independent clinical parameters and imaging for progression-free survival (PFS) in PanNETs. In situ RNA hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry was performed to simultaneously detect miR and protein expression in the same tissue specimens. This novel semi-automated miR-protein protocol was applied in PanNET FFPE specimens (n=9). In vitro functional experiments were performed in PanNET models. Results While no miRNAs emerged to be deregulated in SINETs, hsa-miR-5096, hsa-let-7i-3p and hsa-miR-4311 were found to correlate with 18F-FDG-PET/CT in PanNETs (p-value:<0.005). Statistical analysis has shown that, hsa-miR-5096 can predict 6-month PFS (p-value:<0.001) and 12-month Overall Survival upon PRRT treatment (p-value:<0.05), as well as identify 18F-FDG-PET/CT positive PanNETs with worse prognosis after PRRT (p-value:<0.005). In addition, hsa-miR-5096 inversely correlated with both SSTR2 expression in PanNET tissue and with the 68Gallium-DOTATOC captation values (p-value:<0.05), and accordingly it was able to decrease SSTR2 when ectopically expressed in PanNET cells (p-value:<0.01). Conclusions hsa-miR-5096 well performs as a biomarker for 18F-FDG-PET/CT and as independent predictor of PFS. Moreover, exosome-mediated delivery of hsa-miR-5096 may promote SSTR2 heterogeneity and thus resistance to PRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bocchini
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabio Nicolini
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grassi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Raffaele Adolfo Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joerg Schrader
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganelli
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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13
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Wang Z, Liu F, Li C, Yuan H, Xiang Y, Wei C, Zhu D, Wang M. Case Report: Octreotide plus CVD chemotherapy for the treatment of multiple metastatic paragangliomas after double resection for functional bladder paraganglioma and urothelial papilloma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1072361. [PMID: 36741690 PMCID: PMC9895770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors with a poor prognosis. Bladder paraganglioma concomitant with urothelial papilloma is even rarer. However, the rate of tumor response to cyclophosphamide-vincristine-dacarbazine (CVD) chemotherapy and 5-year overall survival for patients with metastatic PPGLs remained lower. We described, for the first time, a case of a patient with multiple metastatic bladder PGL who received octreotide LAR combined with CVD chemotherapy after urological surgery and then octreotide therapy was continued during follow-up. Case presentation A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to the urology department for frequent micturition syncope concomitant with malignant hypertension. Preoperative findings were elevated levels of normetanephrine in 24-h urine or plasma. CT and MRI indicated diagnosis of suspicious bladder paraganglioma. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor combined with laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed successfully after preoperative phenoxybenzamine with aggressive volume repletion for 7 days. The result of postoperative pathology was immediate-risk functional bladder paraganglioma (T2N0M0, Stage II) concomitant with urothelial papilloma, and the immunohistochemistry results of PPGL were positive for Ki-67 (15%), SDHB, CgA, and SSTR2. The patient achieved enhanced recovery with normal urination and no syncope after surgery. However, the results of 18F-FDG and 18F-DOTATATE PET/CT found that the metastatic localizations of bladder PGLs were in the liver, lung, and bones at the 8th month after surgery. The patient received octreotide long-acting repeatable plus six courses of CVD chemotherapy for 6 months, and then octreotide therapy was continued every 3 months until now. Metastatic localizations were stable in CT scans, and vanillylmandelic acid in 24-h urine was maintained at lower levels during follow-up. Conclusion Octreotide long-acting repeatable plus CVD chemotherapy after surgery could achieve stable disease in the case with multiple metastatic bladder PGLs, and the following octreotide therapy could maintain a state of stable disease during the period of 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- Department of Andrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feifan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huisheng Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhu Xiang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Muwen Wang, ; Dongyuan Zhu,
| | - Muwen Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Muwen Wang, ; Dongyuan Zhu,
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14
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Berton AM, Prencipe N, Bertero L, Baldi M, Bima C, Corsico M, Bianchi A, Mantovani G, Ferraù F, Sartorato P, Gagliardi I, Ghigo E, Grottoli S. Resistance to Somatostatin Analogs in Italian Acromegaly Patients: The MISS Study. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010025. [PMID: 36614826 PMCID: PMC9821091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of acromegaly patients are not adequately controlled by first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to identify the most relevant biomarkers specific for the Italian acromegaly population. Resistant patients were enrolled consecutively based on time of neurosurgery, while responders were collected in a 1:2 ratio. Clinical characteristics and T2-intensity on MRI scans at diagnosis were retrospectively re-evaluated. Histological analyses of CAM5.2 granulation patterns and SSTR2 expression were centrally performed. Sixty-three resistant patients and thirty-three responders were enrolled. A low-grade SSTR2 expression was the most relevant predictor of resistance identified (OR 4.58, p = 0.013), even considering CAM5.2 immunohistochemistry (OR 2.65, p = 0.047). T2-iso/hyperintense pattern on MRI was also associated with a 3.3-fold greater probability of poor response to medical treatment (p = 0.027), as well as a young age at diagnosis (OR 0.96, p = 0.035). In those patients treated only after neurosurgery due to persistent GH-hypersecretion (51, 53.1%) the absence of any appreciable adenomatous remnant on postoperative MRI was associated with a negligible risk of resistance (OR 0.04, p = 0.003). In the Italian acromegaly population, a low-grade SSTR2 expression seems to be the most relevant predictor of resistance to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands, followed by a SG/intermediate cytokeratin pattern and a T2-iso/hyperintense MRI signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maria Berton
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nunzia Prencipe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Division 2, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Baldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Bima
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Corsico
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraù
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood G. Barresi, University of Messina, Endocrine Unit, University Hospital G. Martino, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Sartorato
- Internal Medicine 2, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, AULSS2, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Irene Gagliardi
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-633-7400
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15
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Kim HJ, Park JL, Yoon BH, Haam K, Heo H, Kim JH, Kim SY, Kim M, Kim WH, Lee SI, Song KS, Ahn KS, Kim YS. Aberrant Methylation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Gene Is Initiated in Aged Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori and Consequential Gene Silencing Is Associated with Establishment of Inflammatory Microenvironment In Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36551669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss-of-function variants are thought to be associated with inflammation in the stomach. We here aimed to evaluate the extent and role of methylation at the SSTR2 promoter in inflammation and gastric tumor formation. A whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed that the SSTR2 promoter was significantly hypermethylated in gastric tumors, dysplasia, and intestinal metaplasia compared to non-tumor tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Using public data, we confirmed SSTR2 promoter methylation in primary gastric tumors and intestinal metaplasia, and even aged gastric mucosae infected with Helicobacter pylori, suggesting that aberrant methylation is initiated in normal gastric mucosa. The loss-of-function of SSTR2 in SNU638 cell-induced cell proliferation in vitro, while stable transfection of SSTR2 in AGS and MKN74 cells inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. As revealed by a comparison of target genes differentially expressed in these cells with hallmark molecular signatures, inflammation-related pathways were distinctly induced in SSTR2-KO SNU638 cell. By contrast, inflammation-related pathways were inhibited in AGS and MKN74 cells ectopically expressing SSTR2. Collectively, we propose that SSTR2 silencing upon promoter methylation is initiated in aged gastric mucosae infected with H. pylori and promotes the establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment via the intrinsic pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the initiation of gastric carcinogenesis.
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16
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Vermeulen K, Van de Voorde M, Segers C, Coolkens A, Rodriguez Pérez S, Daems N, Duchemin C, Crabbé M, Opsomer T, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Heinke R, Lambert L, Bernerd C, Burgoyne AR, Cocolios TE, Stora T, Ooms M. Exploring the Potential of High-Molar-Activity Samarium-153 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with [(153)Sm]Sm-DOTA-TATE. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Samarium-153 is a promising theranostic radionuclide, but low molar activities (Am) resulting from its current production route render it unsuitable for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT). Recent efforts combining neutron activation of 152Sm in the SCK CEN BR2 reactor with mass separation at CERN/MEDICIS yielded high-Am 153Sm. In this proof-of-concept study, we further evaluated the potential of high-Am 153Sm for TRNT by radiolabeling to DOTA-TATE, a well-established carrier molecule binding the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) that is highly expressed in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. DOTA-TATE was labeled with 153Sm and remained stable up to 7 days in relevant media. The binding specificity and high internalization rate were validated on SSTR2-expressing CA20948 cells. In vitro biological evaluation showed that [153Sm]Sm-DOTA-TATE was able to reduce CA20948 cell viability and clonogenic potential in an activity-dependent manner. Biodistribution studies in healthy and CA20948 xenografted mice revealed that [153Sm]Sm-DOTA-TATE was rapidly cleared and profound tumor uptake and retention was observed whilst these were limited in normal tissues. This proof-of-concept study showed the potential of mass-separated 153Sm for TRNT and could open doors towards wider applications of mass separation in medical isotope production.
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17
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Evans JS, Beaumont J, Braga M, Masrour N, Mauri F, Beckley A, Butt S, Karali CS, Cawthorne C, Archibald S, Aboagye EO, Sharma R. Epigenetic potentiation of somatostatin-2 by guadecitabine in neuroendocrine neoplasias as a novel method to allow delivery of peptide receptor radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2022; 176:110-20. [PMID: 36208569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin receptor-2 (SSTR2) is expressed on cell surface of neuroendocrine neoplasias; its presence is exploited for the delivery of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Patients with no or low expression of SSTR2 are not candidates for PRRT. SSTR2 promotor undergoes epigenetic modification, known to regulate gene expression. We investigated whether the demethylation agent, guadecitabine, could enhance the expression of SSTR2 in NET models, using radioligand uptake/PET imaging as a biomarker of epigenetic modification. METHODS The effects of guadecitabine on the transcriptional, translational, and functional regulation of SSTR2 both in vitro and in vivo using low (QGP-1) and high (BON-1) methylated neuroendocrine neoplasia models was characterised. Promotor region methylation profiling of clinical samples (n = 61) was undertaken. Safety of combination guadecitabine and PRRT was assessed in vivo. RESULTS Pyrosequencing of cell lines illustrated differential methylation indices - BON: 1 94%, QGP: 1 21%. Following guadecitabine treatment, a dose-dependent increase in SSTR2 in BON-1 at a transcriptional, translational, and functional levels using the SSTR2-directed radioligand, 18F-FET-βAG-TOCA ([18F]-FETO) (150% increase [18F]-FETO uptake, p < 0.05) was observed. In vivo, guadecitabine treatment resulted in a 70% increase in [18F]-FETO uptake in BON-1 tumour models compared models with low baseline percentage methylation (p < 0.05). No additive toxicity was observed with the combination treatment of PRRT and guadecitabine in vivo. Methylation index in clinical samples was 10.5% compared to 5.2% in controls (p = 0.03) and correlated with SSTR2 expression (Wilcoxon rank sign -3.75,p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Guadecitabine increases SSTR2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of demethylation agents with PRRT warrants further investigation.
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Xiang Q, Tao JS, Li JJ, Tian RB, Li XH. Changes in dorsal root ganglion CGRP expression in mouse pinch nerve injury model: Modulation by Somatostatin type-2 receptor. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 121:102086. [PMID: 35257878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous work has shown that somatostatin effectively inhibits neuropathic pain by activating its type 2 receptor (SSTR2) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of mice. However, the underlying mechanism of this activation has not been elucidated. METHODS To explore further mechanisms, we examined pain behavior and the expression of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in dorsal root ganglion neurons(DRGs) as well as the changes of the number of CGRP-IR DRGs in the mouse model of sciatic pinch nerve injury. RESULTS In this model, the number of medium and small DRG neurons in ipsilateral CGRP-IR was slightly increased, but not significantly, compared with sham animals at 3, 7, and 9 days after pinch nerve injury. This correlated with the behavioral readouts of hypersensitivity at the same time points. However, the magnitude of the painful behavior (Autotomy) was observed after application of SSTR2 antagonist (CYN154806, 5 mg/kg) in the injured nerve groups compared to the saline-treated injured group as well as the sham-operated group. Following pinch nerve injury, there was a significant decrease in the number of ipsilateral CGRP-IR small and medium DRG neurons in SSTR2 antagonist (anti-SSTR2)- but not saline-treated mice. These data also correlated with painful behavioral readouts where hypersensitivity was significantly increased by anti-SSTR2 but not saline treatment. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In all, application of the SSTR2 antagonist to the pinched sciatic nerve suppressed CGRP expression and aggravated painful behavior, suggesting that CGRP expression in DRG neurons can be an important component of the pain mechanism and an indicator of pain behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical research center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tao
- Institute of Medicine, Medical research center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Medicine, Medical research center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Bo Tian
- Institute of Medicine, Medical research center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jishou University, Hunan, China.
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19
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Roden AC, Rakshit S, Johnson GB, Jenkins SM, Mansfield AS. Correlation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET Scan and Octreotide Treatment in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823667. [PMID: 35198446 PMCID: PMC8859934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) has been shown to be expressed in a subset of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinomas and plays a role in imaging studies and guiding therapy. Patients with tumors expressing SSTR2 may be successfully treated with somatostatin inhibitors or radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. We studied SSTR2 expression in TET and correlated it with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR results and treatment outcome. An institutional database of TET was searched for thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor (TNET) with available resection specimens. Cases were subtyped (2021 WHO classification) and staged (8th AJCC/UICC staging). A section was stained with anti-SSTR2 antibody (clone UMB1). Percent tumor cells with membranous staining was recorded if present in ≥1% of tumor cells. Medical records were searched for 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed. Eighty patients (1969-2021) with a median age of 61.3 years (range, 19.1-87.3) (37 males, 46.3%) had thymic carcinoma (N=33), TNET (N=7), or thymoma (N=40). SSTR2 expression was identified in 29 (of 80, 36.3%) TET including 2/2 (100%) small cell carcinomas, 2/5 (40.0%) atypical carcinoid tumors, 16/23 (69.6%) squamous cell carcinomas, 2/2 (100%) lymphoepithelial carcinomas, 1/1 (100%) adenosquamous carcinoma, and 6/40 (15.0%) thymomas. SSTR2 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells (vs 1-49%) was associated with younger age (p=0.023) and shorter recurrence/metastasis-free survival (p=0.007). 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans (N=9) revealed a Krenning score of 3 in patients with atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (N=1 each) with SSTR2 expression in 95, 100, and 5% of tumor cells, respectively. Scans with Krenning scores of ≤2 (N=5) were seen in tumors with no SSTR2 expression in 80% of cases and a single atypical carcinoid tumor with SSTR2 expression in 10% of tumor cells. One scan resulted as "increased uptake" was in a patient with no SSTR2 expression. In conclusion, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans correlated with SSTR2 expression in TET in most patients and appeared to be useful to identify patients with TET who may be amenable to treatment with somatostatin analogues. Larger studies including more patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans are necessary to independently and prospectively validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C. Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Anja C. Roden,
| | - Sagar Rakshit
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Geoffrey B. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sarah M. Jenkins
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Klomp MJ, Hofland LJ, van den Brink L, van Koetsveld PM, Dogan F, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, de Jong M, Dalm SU. The Effect of VPA Treatment on Radiolabeled DOTATATE Uptake: Differences Observed In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:173. [PMID: 35057069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), we aimed to enhance the expression of somatostatin type-2 receptors (SSTR2) in vitro and in vivo, using valproic acid (VPA). Methods: Human NCI-H69 small-cell lung carcinoma cells were treated with VPA, followed by [111In]In-DOTATATE uptake studies, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, NCI-H69 xenografted mice were treated with VPA or vehicle, followed by [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE injection. Biodistribution studies were performed, and tissues were collected for further analysis. Results: VPA significantly increased SSTR2 expression in vitro. In animals, a statistically significant increased [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE tumoral uptake was observed when VPA was administered eight hours before [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE administration, but increased tumor SSTR2 expression levels were lacking. The animals also presented significantly higher [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE blood levels, as well as an elevated renal tubular damage score. This suggests that the enhanced tumor uptake was presumably a consequence of the increased radiotracer circulation and the induced kidney damage. Conclusions: VPA increases SSTR2 expression in vitro. In vivo, the observed increase in tumoral [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE uptake is not caused by SSTR2 upregulation, but rather by other mechanisms, e.g., an increased [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE circulation time and renal toxicity. However, since both drugs are safely used in humans, the potential of VPA to improve PRRT remains open for investigation.
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21
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Ishida A, Okabe Y, Matsushita T, Sekiguchi T, Nishio T, Komagata T, Iwaki M, Miyata H, Katagi J, Naganawa A, Maruyama T, Imagawa A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel somatostatin receptor subtype-2 agonists: Optimization for potency and risk mitigation of hERG and phospholipidosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116424. [PMID: 34626901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptors are members of G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. Receptors can be classified into five subtypes, SSTR1 to 5. The highly potent and orally active SSTR2 agonist 7, which had been identified by our group, was found out to have toxicological liabilities such as hERG inhibition and phospholipidosis (PLD). We investigated the relationship between in silico physicochemical properties and hERG and PLD, and explored well-balanced agonists to identify amide 19 and benzimidazole 30. As a result of this exploration, we found out that the value of (cLogP) [2] + (pKa) [2] needs to be less than 110 to mitigate the liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Ishida
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Okabe
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekiguchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishio
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Komagata
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwaki
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Miyata
- Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Katagi
- Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Imagawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
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Zhao L, Pang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang J, Zhao L, Sun L, Wu H, Chen X, Lin Q, Chen H. Somatostatin receptor imaging with [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1360-1373. [PMID: 34665275 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate whether [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT could be used for non-invasive determination of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in NPC. METHODS This prospective study included patients with NPC who underwent [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT between February and May 2021. The [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]FDG uptakes in primary and metastatic NPC lesions were calculated and compared, and the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake between SSTR2 score groups was analysed. RESULTS A total of 36 participants (25 patients, initial staging; 11 patients, recurrence detection) were included; 33 patients also underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT for staging/restaging as a part of their routine diagnostic workup. [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed an intense tracer uptake in primary and metastatic NPC lesions. The radiotracer uptake was higher with [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE than with [18F]FDG PET in primary NPC lesions (SUVmax: 12.03 vs. 10.07, P = 0.048; tumour-to-brain ratio: 36.16 vs. 0.86, P < 0.001) and regional lymph node metastases (median SUVmax: 9.11 vs. 6.12, P < 0.001) and comparable in bone and visceral metastases. Importantly, most NPC lesions showed intense SSTR2 expression (85.7%), which was strongly correlated with the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake. The SUVmax of SSTR2-negative lesions was significantly lower than that of SSTR2-positive lesions (SUVmax: 4.95 vs. 12.61, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for detecting primary and metastatic NPC, with favourable image contrast and comparable diagnostic efficacy when compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT. An intense SSTR2 expression was observed in most NPCs, and this expression was significantly correlated with the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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23
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He JH, Wang J, Yang YZ, Chen QX, Liu LL, Sun L, Hu WM, Zeng J. SSTR2 is a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target in glioma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11223-11234. [PMID: 34786053 PMCID: PMC8581926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant central nervous system tumors among all tumors occurring in the brain and spinal cord. The poor outcome of glioma requires the discovery of novel biomarkers with potential therapeutic value. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) represents a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in many cancers, such as meningioma and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, the relationship of SSTR2 and glioma was unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of SSTR2 and assess its prognostic and potential therapeutic value in a large cohort of patients with WHO grade I to IV glioma from a single Chinese center. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SSTR2 was highly expressed in 23.84% (72 of 302) of glioma (I-IV grade) samples. Among all glioma subtypes, high SSTR2 expression was detected mainly in oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma, whereas SSTR2 was expressed at a low level, or not at all, in glioblastoma. Western blotting also confirmed the low expression of SSTR2 in glioblastoma cell lines. Statistical analysis showed that SSTR2 protein expression correlated significantly with WHO grade, the location of the tumor, epilepsy syndrome, mitosis (PHH3), proliferation index (Ki-67), IDH and 1p/19q-codeleted status. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that SSTR2 high expression was a good prognostic factor in glioma. In summary, this study demonstrated that SSTR2 might be a valuable prognostic factor and therapeutic target in certain glioma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua He
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Qun-Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
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Picech F, Sosa LD, Perez PA, Cecenarro L, Oms SR, Coca HA, De Battista JC, Gutiérrez S, Mukdsi JH, Torres AI, Petiti JP. TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway modulates octreotide antisecretory and antiproliferative effects in pituitary somatotroph tumor cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6974-6987. [PMID: 33682941 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide (OCT) is used to inhibit hormone secretion and growth in somatotroph tumors, although a significant percentage of patients are resistant. It has also been tested in nonfunctioning (NF) tumors but with poor results, with these outcomes having been associated with SSTR2 levels and impaired signaling. We investigated whether OCT inhibitory effects can be improved by TGF-β1 in functioning and nonfunctioning somatotroph tumor cells. OCT effects on hormone secretion and proliferation were analyzed in the presence of TGF-β1 in WT and SSTR2-overexpressing secreting GH3 and silent somatotroph tumor cells. The mechanism underlying these effects was assessed by studying SSTR and TGFβR signaling pathways mediators. In addition, we analyzed the effects of OCT/TGF-β1 treatment on tumor growth and cell proliferation in vivo. The inhibitory effects of OCT on GH- and PRL-secretion and proliferation were improved in the presence of TGF-β1, as well as by SSTR2 overexpression. The OCT/TGF-β1 treatment induced downregulation of pERK1/2 and pAkt, upregulation of pSmad3, and inhibition of cyclin D1. In vivo experiments showed that OCT in the presence of TGF-β1 blocked tumor volume growth, decreased cell proliferation, and increased tumor necrosis. These results indicate that SSTR2 levels and the stimulation of TGF-β1/TGFβR/Smad2/3 pathway are important for strengthening the antiproliferative and antisecretory effects of OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Picech
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Dv Sosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cecenarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sergio R Oms
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Coca
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan C De Battista
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Mukdsi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Petiti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Daniel KB, de Oliveira Santos A, de Andrade RA, Trentin MBF, Garmes HM. Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake at the pituitary region and the biochemical response to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2195-2202. [PMID: 33569721 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acromegaly is associated with many comorbidities and increased mortality. The first-line treatment is transsphenoidal surgery. However, many patients also need adjuvant drug treatment after surgery. Somatostatin analog (SSA), which suppresses GH secretion by somatotrophs by binding to the SSTR2 receptor, is the first choice. Nevertheless, 50% of patients are partially or totally resistant to SSA, so predictive factors of response are helpful to individualize drug treatment. 68GaDOTATATE PET/CT has emerged as the gold-standard method in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which also express SSTR. Our objective was to evaluate whether 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake (SUV max) at the pituitary region of patients on SSA therapy would be useful as a drug response predictor without the need of tumoral tissue. METHODS Fifteen acromegalics patients on SSA treatment for at least 6 months were underwent to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT at the nuclear medicine service. There was an SSA complete response group (n = 5), defined as GH < 1 µg/L and IFG-1 in the normal range for gender and age, and a group that did not meet these criteria (n = 10). RESULTS As a result, we did not find out a significantly higher SUV max in the complete response group (p = 0.0576) to SSA. However, we found a significant inverse relationship between postoperative GH values and the SUVmax at the sella turcica (p = 0.0188), probably reflecting tumor SSTR2 expression. CONCLUSION Thus, after this initial evaluation, 68GaDOTATATE PET/CT should be better studied to assess its usefulness in the follow-up of acromegalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Daniel
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
| | - A de Oliveira Santos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R A de Andrade
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M B F Trentin
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - H M Garmes
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
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Klomp MJ, Dalm SU, van Koetsveld PM, Dogan F, de Jong M, Hofland LJ. Comparing the Effect of Multiple Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on SSTR2 Expression and [ 111In]In-DOTATATE Uptake in NET Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4905. [PMID: 34638389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This therapy targets the somatostatin type-2 receptors (SSTR2) frequently overexpressed on these types of tumors. Although this therapy has proven to be effective, complete responses are rare and therapy improvement is desirable. We aimed to increase SSTR2 expression on NET cells, potentially increasing the number of patients eligible for SSTR2-targeted PRRT and improving clinical outcomes. We used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to manipulate the epigenetic machinery and hereby aimed to increase SSTR2 gene transcription. Our results showed that the HDACis increased SSTR2 expression in several NET cell lines. Moreover, the uptake of radiolabeled DOTATATE, the tracer used for PRRT, was enhanced. The observed reversibility profile after HDACi withdrawal of the induced effects suggests that proper timing of HDACi treatment is likely essential. Abstract The aim of this study was to increase somatostatin type-2 receptor (SSTR2) expression on neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), potentially increasing the uptake of SSTR2-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and subsequently improving treatment efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Human NET cell lines BON-1, NCI-H727, and GOT1 were treated with HDACis (i.e., CI-994, entinostat, LMK-235, mocetinostat, panobinostat, or valproic acid (VPA); entinostat and VPA were the HDACis tested in GOT1 cells) to examine SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and uptake of SSTR2-targeting radiotracer [111In]In-DOTATATE. Reversibility of the induced effects was examined after drug-withdrawal. Finally, the effect of VPA on radiosensitivity was investigated. A strong stimulatory effect in BON-1, NCI-H727, and GOT1 cells was observed after HDACi treatment, both on SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and [111In]In-DOTATATE uptake. The effects of the HDACis were largely reversible over a period of seven days, demonstrating largest reductions within the first day. The reversibility profile of the induced effects suggests that proper timing of HDACi treatment is most likely essential for a beneficial outcome. In addition to increasing SSTR2 expression levels, VPA enhanced the radiosensitivity of all cell lines. In conclusion, HDACi treatment increased SSTR2 expression, and radiosensitivity was also enhanced upon VPA treatment.
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Lin J, Luo J, Chen H, Li Z, Shi Y, Sun H, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Zhong D. Clinicopathologic features and BRAF mutation status of tracheal glomus tumors - Characterization of 4 cases and the distinction from low-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151797. [PMID: 34509154 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomus tumors are uncommon and mostly benign mesenchymal neoplasms of the perivascular family. To date, only a few cases of glomus tumors occurring in the trachea have been reported. Tracheal glomus tumors simulated low-grade neuroendocrine tumors on clinical and histomorphological examination, so the differential diagnosis between these two entities is very necessary. The latest studies showed that BRAF mutation may be associated with a malignant phenotype of glomus tumors. METHODS We investigated the clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and BRAF V600E mutation status of four cases of tracheal glomus tumors. RESULTS The cases showed a female predilection (male:female, 1:3) with a median age of 35.5. All of the cases had the typical morphological characteristics of glomus tumors, such as uniform round tumor cells with nest-like distribution surrounding thin-walled vessels; two of them met the malignant diagnostic criteria based on the 5th edition of WHO classification, including marked nuclear atypia and any level of mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry showed diffusely positive for vimentin (4/4), α-SMA (4/4) and collagen IV (4/4), variably reactive for synaptophysin (3/4) and SSTR2 (2/2), and negative for AE1/AE3 (0/4) and chromogranin A (0/4). Three tested cases harbored no BRAF V600E mutation. Three follow-up cases were alive and free of disease with an average follow-up of 89.3 months. CONCLUSIONS Tracheal glomus tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors that have overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Our cases highlight the importance of careful histomorphological examination and comprehensive immunohistochemical study in reaching a correct diagnosis of glomus tumors of the trachea. Other than BRAF mutation, malignant glomus tumors may have a complex mutational profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Departments of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Departments of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Chen
- Departments of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Departments of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Departments of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Departments of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guowu Zhou
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingrong Zhong
- Departments of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Viswanathan K, Sadow PM. Somatostatin receptor 2 is highly sensitive and specific for Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 117:88-100. [PMID: 34416258 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Both EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBVNPC) and HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) can have overlapping histomorphology and molecular signatures, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) pathway mutations. A recent study showed that NFKB activation in EBVNPC drives somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression that is detectable by immunohistochemistry and by imaging with 68-Gadolinium-DOTA-peptide radioconjugate. However, whether a similar NFKB-SSTR2 signaling mechanism exists for other virus-positive HNSCC, namely HPV-positive sinonasal carcinomas and OPSCC, remains unclear. Here we examined SSTR2 expression in a cohort of EBV-positive, HPV-positive, and virus-negative HNSCC with immunohistochemistry. SSTR2 immunohistochemistry was performed on our cohort of primary and/or metastatic EBVNPC, HPV-positive sinonasal SCC, OPSCC, HPV-negative sinonasal and oral cavity SCC, and benign tonsil and adenoid tissue. For SSTR2 staining, the extent was categorized as focal, multifocal, or diffuse, and the intensity was categorized as weak, moderate, or strong. Multifocal/diffuse SSTR2 staining of any intensity was considered positive. Among primary, recurrent, and/or undifferentiated NPC, 90% showed multifocal to diffuse strong SSTR2 expression. One HPV-positive sinonasal carcinoma showed patchy SSTR2 staining. None of the remaining HPV-positive sinonasal carcinomas, OPSCC, or oral cavity HNSCC showed significant SSTR2 staining. Overall, SSTR2 is highly sensitive and specific for EBVNPC and could represent a surrogate biomarker. Among HNSCC assessed here, we recommend testing primary NPC for SSTR2 because of its relevance for diagnosis, associated imaging modalities, and its therapeutic implications for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Siebinga H, de Wit-van der Veen BJ, Beijnen JH, Stokkel MPM, Dorlo TPC, Huitema ADR, Hendrikx JJMA. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe organ distribution of 68Ga-DOTATATE in patients without neuroendocrine tumors. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 34398356 PMCID: PMC8368277 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models combine drug-specific information with prior knowledge on the physiology and biology at the organism level. Whole-body PBPK models contain an explicit representation of the organs and tissue and are a tool to predict pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a PBPK model to describe organ distribution of 68Ga-DOTATATE in a population of patients without detectable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods Clinical 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT data from 41 patients without any detectable somatostatin receptor (SSTR) overexpressing tumors were included. Scans were performed at 45 min (range 30–60 min) after intravenous bolus injection of 68Ga-DOTATATE. Organ (spleen, liver, thyroid) and blood activity levels were derived from PET scans, and corresponding DOTATATE concentrations were calculated. A whole-body PBPK model was developed, including an internalization reaction, receptor recycling, enzymatic reaction for intracellular degradation and renal clearance. SSTR2 expression was added for several organs. Input parameters were fixed or estimated using a built-in Monte Carlo algorithm for parameter identification. Results 68Ga-DOTATATE was administered with a median peptide amount of 12.3 µg (range 8.05–16.9 µg) labeled with 92.7 MBq (range 43.4–129.9 MBq). SSTR2 amounts for spleen, liver and thyroid were estimated at 4.40, 7.80 and 0.0108 nmol, respectively. Variability in observed organ concentrations was best described by variability in SSTR2 expression and differences in administered peptide amounts. Conclusions To conclude, biodistribution of 68Ga-DOTATATE was described with a whole-body PBPK model, where tissue distribution was mainly determined by variability in SSTR2 organ expression and differences in administered peptide amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Siebinga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P M Stokkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J J M A Hendrikx
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Watanabe H, Ide R, Yamazaki Y, Fujishima F, Kasajima A, Yazdani S, Tachibana T, Motoi F, Unno M, Sasano H. Quantitative digital image analysis of somatostatin receptor 2 immunohistochemistry in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Med Mol Morphol 2021. [PMID: 34247274 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) provides important information regarding the potential therapeutic efficacy of somatostatin analogues (SSAs) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. HER2 scoring has been proposed to interpret SSTR2 immunoreactivity but their reproducibility was relatively low because of its intrinsic subjective nature. Digital image analysis (DIA) has recently been proposed as an objective and more precise method of evaluating immunoreactivity. Therefore, in this study, we used DIA for analyzing SSTR2 immunoreactivity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) to obtain its H score and "(%) strong positive cells" and compared the results with those of manually obtained HER2 scores. Membranous SSTR2 immunoreactivity evaluated by DIA was calculated by two scales as: "Membrane Optical Density" and "Minimum Membrane Completeness". PanNETs with HER2 score of > 2 demonstrated the highest concordance with results of "(%) strong positive cells" obtained by DIA when "Minimum Membrane Completeness" was tentatively set at 80%. The SSTR2 immunoreactivity, evaluated based on all scoring systems, was different between grades G1 and G2 in insulinoma but not in non-functional PanNETs. DIA provided reproducible results of SSTR2 immunoreactivity in PanNETs and yielded important information as to the potential application of SSAs.
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31
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Yamashita S, Morine Y, Imura S, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Takasu C, Yamada S, Tokuda K, Okikawa S, Miyazaki K, Oya T, Tsuneyama K, Shimada M. A new pathological classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma according to protein expression of SSTR2 and Bcl2. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:142. [PMID: 33962620 PMCID: PMC8106133 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No universal classification method for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) has been reported based on the embryological origin of biliary epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to classify IHCC according to protein expression levels of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and b-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and to elucidate the clinicopathological features of each group. Methods Fifty-two IHCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were enrolled in this study. Protein expression levels of SSTR2 and Bcl2 were examined using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological factors were compared between the three groups and prognostic factors were investigated. Results The patients were divided into three groups: SSTR2 positive and Bcl2 negative (p-Group H, n = 21), SSTR2 negative and Bcl2 positive (p-Group P, n = 14), and the indeterminate group (p-Group U, n = 17) for cases where SSTR2 and Bcl2 were both positive or both negative. All p-Group P cases displayed curability A or B. The 5-year survival rates of p-Group H and U patients were worse than those in p-Group P. p-Group H had higher T-factor, clinical stage, and incidence of periductal infiltration than p-Group P. Conclusions This method could be used to classify IHCC into peripheral and perihilar type by embryological expression patterns of SSTR2 and Bcl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuki Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Cracolici V, Wang EW, Gardner PA, Snyderman C, Gargano SM, Chiosea S, Singhi AD, Seethala RR. SSTR2 Expression in Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:1185-1191. [PMID: 33929681 PMCID: PMC8633213 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression has previously been documented in olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). Here, we fully characterize SSTR2 expression in ONB and correlate staining results with clinicopathologic parameters including Hyams grade. We also assess SSTR2 immunohistochemistry expression in various histologic mimics of ONB to assess its diagnostic functionality. 78 ONBs (51 primary biopsies/excisions and 27 recurrences/metastases) from 58 patients were stained for SSTR2. H-scores based on intensity (0-3 +) and percentage of tumor cells staining were assigned to all cases. 51 histologic mimics were stained and scored in an identical fashion. 77/78 (99%) ONB cases demonstrated SSTR2 staining (mean H-score: 189, range: 0-290). There were no significant differences in staining between primary tumors and recurrences/metastases (mean H-score: 185 vs 198). Primary low-grade ONB had somewhat stronger staining than high-grade tumors (mean H-score: 200 vs 174). SSTR2 expression had no prognostic value when considering disease-free or disease-specific survival. SSTR2 staining is significantly higher in ONB than its histologic mimics (mean H-score: 189 vs 12.9, p < 0.001) suggesting a potential use of the marker in diagnosis of ONB. In conclusion, SSTR2 is consistently expressed in ONB suggesting a role for somatostatin-analog based imaging and therapy in this disease. More generally, SSTR2 may be another marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in ONB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cracolici
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- , 9500 Euclid Avenue, L25, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Eric W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Gardner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carl Snyderman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey M Gargano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simion Chiosea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raja R Seethala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Heing‐Becker I, Grötzinger C, Beindorff N, Prasad S, Erdmann S, Exner S, Haag R, Licha K. A Cyanine-Bridged Somatostatin Hybrid Probe for Multimodal SSTR2 Imaging in Vitro and in Vivo: Synthesis and Evaluation. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1307-1315. [PMID: 33238069 PMCID: PMC8048842 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging probes have attracted the interest of ongoing research, for example, for the surgical removal of tumors. Modular synthesis approaches allow the construction of hybrid probes consisting of a radiotracer, a fluorophore and a targeting unit. We present the synthesis of a new asymmetric bifunctional cyanine dye that can be used as a structural and functional linker for the construction of such hybrid probes. 68 Ga-DOTATATE, a well-characterized radiopeptide targeting the overexpressed somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) in neuroendocrine tumors, was labeled with our cyanine dye, thus providing additional information along with the data obtained from the radiotracer. We tested the SSTR2-targeting and imaging properties of the resulting probe 68 Ga-DOTA-ICC-TATE in vitro and in a tumor xenograft mouse model. Despite the close proximity between dye and pharmacophore, we observed a high binding affinity towards SSTR2 as well as elevated uptake in SSTR2-overexpressing tumors in the positron emission tomography (PET) scan and histological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Heing‐Becker
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- BERIC – Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging CenterCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Sonal Prasad
- BERIC – Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging CenterCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- Department of Nuclear MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Sarah Erdmann
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Samantha Exner
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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Wang J, Dai P, Zou T, Lv Y, Zhao W, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis of the transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into insulin producing cells. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:134. [PMID: 33632121 PMCID: PMC7905582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a potential resource for the clinical therapy of certain diseases. Canine, as a companion animal, living in the same space with human, is an ideal new model for human diseases research. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes, alternative transplantation islets resource (i.e. insulin producing cells) for diabetes treatment will be in urgent need, which makes our research on the transdifferentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells become more important. Result In this study, we completed the transdifferentiation process and achieved the transcriptome profiling of five samples with two biological duplicates, namely, “BMSCs”, “islets”, “stage 1”, “stage 2” and “stage 3”, and the latter three samples were achieved on the second, fifth and eighth day of induction. A total of 11,530 differentially expressed transcripts were revealed in the profiling data. The enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed several signaling pathways that are essential for regulating proliferation and transdifferentiation, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, tight junction, protein digestion and absorption, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the obtained protein–protein interaction network and functional identification indicating involvement of three genes, SSTR2, RPS6KA6, and VIP could act as a foundation for further research. Conclusion In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into insulin-producing cells according with the timeline using next-generation sequencing technology. The three key genes we pick out may regulate decisive genes during the development of transdifferentiation of insulin producing cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07426-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Wang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zou
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yangou Lv
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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Dearling JLJ, van Dam EM, Harris MJ, Packard AB. Detection and therapy of neuroblastoma minimal residual disease using [ 64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE in a preclinical model of hepatic metastases. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 33630166 PMCID: PMC7907331 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major challenge to the long-term success of neuroblastoma therapy is widespread metastases that survive initial therapy as minimal residual disease (MRD). The SSTR2 receptor is expressed by most neuroblastoma tumors making it an attractive target for molecularly targeted radionuclide therapy. SARTATE consists of octreotate, which targets the SSTR2 receptor, conjugated to MeCOSar, a bifunctional chelator with high affinity for copper. Cu-SARTATE offers the potential to both detect and treat neuroblastoma MRD by using [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE to detect and monitor the disease and [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE as the companion therapeutic agent. In the present study, we tested this theranostic pair in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma MRD. An intrahepatic model of metastatic neuroblastoma was established using IMR32 cells in nude mice. The biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE was measured using small-animal PET and ex vivo tissue analysis. Survival studies were carried out using the same model: mice (6–8 mice/group) were given single doses of saline, or 9.25 MBq (250 µCi), or 18.5 MBq (500 µCi) of [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE at either 2 or 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation. Results PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution confirmed tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE and rapid clearance from other tissues. The major clearance tissues were the kidneys (15.6 ± 5.8% IA/g at 24 h post-injection, 11.5 ± 2.8% IA/g at 48 h, n = 3/4). Autoradiography and histological analysis confirmed [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE uptake in viable, SSTR2-positive tumor regions with mean tumor uptakes of 14.1–25.0% IA/g at 24 h. [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE therapy was effective when started 2 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, extending survival by an average of 13 days (30%) compared with the untreated group (mean survival of control group 43.0 ± 8.1 days vs. 55.6 ± 9.1 days for the treated group; p = 0.012). No significant therapeutic effect was observed when [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE was started 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, when the tumors would have been larger (control group 14.6 ± 8.5 days; 9.25 MBq group 9.5 ± 1.6 days; 18.5 MBq group 15.6 ± 4.1 days; p = 0.064). Conclusions Clinical experiences of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy for metastatic disease have been encouraging. This study demonstrates the potential for a theranostic approach using [64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE for the detection and treatment of SSTR2-positive neuroblastoma MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ellen M van Dam
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4 Cornwallis St., Sydney, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Matthew J Harris
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4 Cornwallis St., Sydney, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Wu W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Lou J, Deng Y, Zhao P, Shao A. Clinical Significance of Somatostatin Receptor (SSTR) 2 in Meningioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1633. [PMID: 33014821 PMCID: PMC7494964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2, widely expressed in meningioma, is a G-protein-coupled receptor and can be activated by somatostatin or its synthetic analogs. SSTR2 is therefore extensively studied as a marker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of meningioma. Accumulating studies have revealed the crucial clinical significance of SSTR2 in meningioma. Summarizing the progress of these studies is urgently needed as it may not only provide novel and better management for patients with meningioma but also indicate the direction of future research. Pertinent literature is reviewed to summarize the recent collective knowledge and understanding of SSTR2’s clinical significance in meningioma in this review. SSTR2 offers novel ideas and approaches in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction for meningioma, but more and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Alshafie W, Pan YE, Kreienkamp HJ, Stroh T. Characterization of agonist-dependent somatostatin receptor subtype 2 trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. Endocrine 2020; 69:655-669. [PMID: 32383089 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin (SOM) receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) is the major receptor subtype mediating SOM effects throughout the neuraxis. We previously demonstrated that the non-selective agonist [D-Trp8]-SOM induces intracellular sequestration of SSTR2, whereas this receptor is maintained at the cell surface after treatment with the SSTR2-selective agonist L-779,976 in cells co-expressing SSTR2 and SSTR5. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we knocked-out SSTR5 in AtT20 cells endogenously expressing both SSTR2 and SSTR5 and used immuno-labeling and confocal microscopy to investigate the effect of SSTR5 on regulation of SSTR2 trafficking. Our results indicate that unlike [D-Trp8]-SOM-induced intracellular sequestration, L-779,976 stimulation results in the maintenance of SSTR2 at the cell surface regardless of whether SSTR5 is present or not. We then examined the trafficking pathways of SSTR2 upon stimulation by either agonist. We found that both [D-Trp8]-SOM and L-779,976 induce SSTR2 internalization via transferrin-positive vesicles. However, SSTR2 internalized upon L-779,976 treatment undergoes rapid recycling to the plasma membrane, whereas receptors internalized by [D-Trp8]-SOM recycle slowly after washout of the agonist. Furthermore, [D-Trp8]-SOM stimulation induces degradation of a fraction of internalized SSTR2 whereas L-779,976-dependent, rapid SSTR2 recycling appears to protect internalized SSTR2 from degradation. In addition, Octreotide which has preferential SSTR2 affinity, induced differential effects on both SSTR2 trafficking and degradation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the biased agonistic property of L-779,976 protects against SSTR2 surface depletion by rapidly initiating SSTR2 recycling while SSTR5 does not regulate L-779-976-dependent SSTR2 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ji J, Jin T, Lou A, Zhang R, Chen Y, Xiang S, Cui C, Yu L, Guan L. The effect of miR-10b on growth hormone in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle by somatostatin receptor 2. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13420. [PMID: 32618083 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of miR-10b on growth hormone (GH) in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle. According to analysis of GH and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein expression levels, we found that miR-10b targeted 3'UTR of SSTR2. Compared with the negative control (NC) group, GH mRNA transcription and protein expression in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle were significantly increased by adding miR-10b mimics (p < .01), while these were significantly decreased by adding miR-10b inhibitor (p < .05); compared with the NC group, SSTR2 mRNA transcription and protein expression were significantly inhibited by the addition of miR-10b mimics (p < .01), while these were significantly increased by the addition of miR-10b inhibitor compared with the iNC group (p < .05). This study suggested that miR-10b could regulate GH level by regulating SSTR2 gene expression in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxiu Ji
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Taihua Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Angang Lou
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Siyu Xiang
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Changyan Cui
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Longzheng Yu
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Lizeng Guan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic alterations in meningioma and the underlying tumor biology of meningioma has significantly changed over the past decade and resulted in revision of prognostically relevant meningioma subclasses within and beyond the WHO classification of CNS tumors. RECENT FINDINGS The 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors recognizes WHO grade I, II, and III based on histopathological features. Recent work has identified genetic alterations with prognostic implications, including mutations of the TERT promoter, loss of function of the DMD gene, and inactivation of the tumor suppressor BAP-1. Studies of DNA methylation patterns in meningiomas have resulted in a novel and prognostically relevant meningioma subclassification schema. There have been major advances in our understanding of prognostically relevant genetic and epigenetic changes in meningioma which will hopefully allow for improvement in clinical trial design and the development of more effective therapies for meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cordova
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sylvia C Kurz
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Puig-Domingo M, Gil J, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Jordà M, Webb SM, Serra G, Pons L, Salinas I, Blanco A, Marques-Pamies M, Valassi E, Picó A, García-Martínez A, Carrato C, Buj R, Del Pozo C, Obiols G, Villabona C, Cámara R, Fajardo-Montañana C, Alvarez CV, Bernabéu I, Marazuela M. Molecular profiling for acromegaly treatment: a validation study. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:375-389. [PMID: 32302973 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic treatment of acromegaly is currently based upon assay-error strategy, the first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) being the first-line treatment. However, about 50% of patients do not respond adequately to SRL. Our objective was to evaluate the potential usefulness of different molecular markers as predictors of response to SRL. We used somatotropinoma tissue obtained after surgery from a national cohort of 100 acromegalic patients. Seventy-one patients were treated with SRL during at least 6 months under maximal therapeutic doses according to IGF1 values. We analyzed the expression of SSTR2, SSTR5, AIP, CDH1 (E-cadherin), MKI67 (Ki-67), KLK10, DRD2, ARRB1, GHRL, In1-Ghrelin, PLAGL1 and PEBP1 (RKIP) by RT-qPCR and mutations in GNAS gene by Sanger sequencing. The response to SRL was categorized as complete response (CR), partial (PR) or non-response (NR) if IGF1 was normal, between >2<3 SDS or >3 SDS IGF1 at 6 months of follow-up, respectively. From the 71 patients treated, there were 27 CR (38%), 18 PR (25%) and 26 NR (37%). SSTR2, Ki-67 and E-cadherin were associated with SRL response (P < 0.03, P < 0.01 and P < 0.003, respectively). E-cadherin was the best discriminator for response prediction (AUC = 0.74, P < 0.02, PPV of 83.7%, NPV of 72.6%), which was validated at protein level. SSTR5 expression was higher in patients pre-treated with SRL before surgery. We conclude that somatotropinomas showed heterogeneity in the expression of genes associated with SRL response. E-cadherin was the best molecular predictor of response to SRL. Thus, the inclusion of E-cadherin in subsequent treatment-decision after surgical failure may be useful in acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Susan M Webb
- Department of Endocrinology/Medicine, CIBERER U747, ISCIII, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Serra
- Department of Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Pons
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alberto Blanco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marques-Pamies
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Department of Endocrinology/Medicine, CIBERER U747, ISCIII, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Picó
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante-Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Araceli García-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante-Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Raquel Buj
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gabriel Obiols
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Villabona
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Cámara
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Clara V Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigacion en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Cronicas (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bernabéu
- Endocrinology Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS)-SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Ishida A, Tajima Y, Okabe Y, Matsushita T, Sekiguchi T, Imaide S, Nomura Y, Tanaka M, Nojima S, Yoshida A, Iyoda Y, Aoki S, Nishio T, Komagata T, Iwaki M, Shono T, Naganawa A, Imagawa A. Discovery and SAR Studies of Orally Active Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-2 ( SSTR2) Agonists for the Treatment of Acromegaly. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1482-1494. [PMID: 32315148 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a disease caused by the oversecretion of growth hormone. It is currently treated by intravenous injection with cyclic peptide drugs that activate somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2). Here, novel nonpeptidic, small-molecule, and orally active SSTR2 agonists were identified from a hit compound (13). Pharmacophore studies enabled scaffold hopping to obtain a unique 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyridine motif. Further optimization conferred potent SSTR2 agonistic activity and metabolic stability. Several compounds were evaluated and these showed good oral pharmacokinetic profiles in rats, and one representative compound (25) showed highly potent inhibition of growth hormone secretion induced by growth hormone-releasing hormone in rats. Based on these results, 25 was identified as a promising lead for further optimization. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and the metabolic stability data for this compound are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Ishida
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Tajima
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Okabe
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekiguchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Satomi Imaide
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nomura
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tanaka
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Nojima
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoko Iyoda
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Aoki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishio
- Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Komagata
- Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwaki
- Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shono
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Imagawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
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Roytman M, Pisapia DJ, Liechty B, Lin E, Skafida M, Magge RS, Osborne JR, Pannullo SC, Knisely JPS, Ramakrishna R, Ivanidze J. Somatostatin receptor-2 negative meningioma: pathologic correlation and imaging implications. Clin Imaging 2020; 66:18-22. [PMID: 32442855 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant primary intracranial tumors, accounting for nearly 40% of all primary brain tumors, usually expressing high levels of somatostatin receptors (SSTR), particularly SSTR2. Because 68Ga-DOTATATE targets SSTR2, it is increasingly used clinically for meningioma evaluation. While previous apparent lack of SSTR expression in meningiomas has been reported in isolated cases, these prior studies utilized Indium-111 (111In) Octreotide, which is of lesser diagnostic accuracy compared to 68Ga-DOTATATE, as well as Technetium-99m (99mTc)-DTPA scintigraphy, which necessitates an intact blood-tumor-permeability barrier. This paper presents a histopathologic proven atypical meningioma, WHO Grade II, with low level avidity on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MRI, subsequently proven to be SSTR2-negative by immunohistochemistry, with a review and discussion of the current literature and imaging implications.
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Bashir A, Vestergaard MB, Binderup T, Broholm H, Marner L, Ziebell M, Fugleholm K, Mathiesen T, Kjær A, Law I. Pharmacokinetic analysis of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET in meningiomas for assessment of in vivo somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2577-88. [PMID: 32170347 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC) is one of the PET tracers that forms the basis for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy based on somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) expression in meningiomas. Yet, the quantitative relationship between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC accumulation and SSTR2 is unknown. We conducted a correlative analysis of a range of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET metric(s) as imaging surrogate(s) of the receptor binding in meningiomas by correlating the PET results with SSTR2 expression from surgical specimens. We additionally investigated possible influences of secondary biological factors such as vascularization, inflammation and proliferation. METHODS Fifteen patients with MRI-presumed or recurrent meningiomas underwent a 60-min dynamic [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT before surgery. The PET data comprised maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean) with and without normalization to reference regions, and quantitative measurements derived from kinetic modelling using a reversible two-tissue compartment model with the fractional blood volume (VB). Expressions of SSTR2 and proliferation (Ki-67, phosphohistone-H3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were determined by immunohistochemistry and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), while biomarkers of vascularization (vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), endothelial marker CD34) and inflammation (cytokine interleukin-18, microglia/macrophage-specific marker CD68) by qPCR. RESULTS Histopathology revealed 12 World Health Organization (WHO) grade I and three WHO grade II meningiomas showing no link to SSTR2. The majority of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET metrics showed significant associations with SSTR2 protein, while all PET metrics were positively correlated with SSTR2 mRNA with the best results for mean tumour-to-blood ratio (TBRmean) (r = 0.757, P = 0.001) and SUVmean (r = 0.714, P = 0.003). Significant positive correlations were also found between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET metrics, and VEGFA and VB. SSTR2 mRNA was moderately correlated with VEGFA (r = 0.539, P = 0.038). Neither [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET metrics nor SSTR2 were correlated with proliferation or inflammation. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC accumulation in meningiomas is associated with SSTR2 binding and vascularization with TBRmean being the best PET metric for assessing SSTR2.
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Chen PH, Yang Y, O'Malley DP, Xu ML. Clinicopathologic characteristics and novel biomarkers of aggressive B-cell lymphomas in the nasopharynx. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:129-35. [PMID: 31247533 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common nasopharyngeal lymphoma in the United States are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL). Relatively little is known about the clinicopathologic features of these cases. In this study, we characterize a bi-institutional cohort of aggressive B-NHL primary to the nasopharyngeal area. We compare and contrast EBV-positive versus EBV-negative cases and evaluate expression of SSTR2, CD30, and PD-L1, potential markers for targeted therapeutics. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrieved 53 cases of aggressive B-NHL from the two institutions. Staining was performed for in situ EBV (EBER), CD30, SSTR2 and PD-L1. The response to initial therapy, disease-free interval, and survival at two- and five-year following initial diagnosis were used as primary clinical outcome. Overall, 13 out of 53 cases (23%) were EBV positive. CD30 expression was more frequent in EBV-positive than in EBV-negative cases (4/6 vs 1/17). Seven of 14 (50%) cases tested demonstrated expression of PD-L1 within tumor cells; the two EBV-positive DLBCL tested showed substantial PD-L1 reactivity. Six of 15 (40%) cases tested were positive for SSTR2. The three EBV-positive patients with available outcome data died within one year of diagnosis; in contrast, the EBV-negative cases showed survival rate of 100% (8/8) and 83% (5/6) at two- and five-year follow-up, respectively. DISCUSSION The aggressive B-NHLs of the nasopharynx show differences between EBV-positive versus EBV-negative cases. The association of EBV-positive cases with expression of CD30 and PD-L1 may be particularly informative for targeted therapies. A significant number of cases expresses SSTR2, which could render them susceptible to somatostatin analogue and peptide receptor radionuclide therapies. Finally, our limited case series suggest that EBV negativity may be associated with a better prognosis.
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Nocera S, Simon A, Fiquet O, Chen Y, Gascuel J, Datiche F, Schneider N, Epelbaum J, Viollet C. Somatostatin Serves a Modulatory Role in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb: Neuroanatomical and Behavioral Evidence. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31024270 PMCID: PMC6465642 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SOM) and somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-4) are present in all olfactory structures, including the olfactory bulb (OB), where SOM modulates physiological gamma rhythms and olfactory discrimination responses. In this work, histological, viral tracing and transgenic approaches were used to characterize SOM cellular targets in the murine OB. We demonstrate that SOM targets all levels of mitral dendritic processes in the OB with somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) detected in the dendrites of previously uncharacterized mitral-like cells. We show that inhibitory interneurons of the glomerular layer (GL) express SSTR4 while SSTR3 is confined to the granule cell layer (GCL). Furthermore, SOM cells in the OB receive synaptic inputs from olfactory cortical afferents. Behavioral studies demonstrate that genetic deletion of SSTR4, SSTR2 or SOM differentially affects olfactory performance. SOM or SSTR4 deletion have no major effect on olfactory behavioral performances while SSTR2 deletion impacts olfactory detection and discrimination behaviors. Altogether, these results describe novel anatomical and behavioral contributions of SOM, SSTR2 and SSTR4 receptors in olfactory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nocera
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Axelle Simon
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ying Chen
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean Gascuel
- CNRS UMR 6265—Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation (CSGA), Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Datiche
- CNRS UMR 6265—Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation (CSGA), Dijon, France
| | - Nanette Schneider
- CNRS UMR 6265—Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation (CSGA), Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Viollet
- INSERM, UMR 894-Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CPN), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Waldmann CM, Stuparu AD, van Dam RM, Slavik R. The Search for an Alternative to [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE in Neuroendocrine Tumor Theranostics: Current State of 18F-labeled Somatostatin Analog Development. Theranostics 2019; 9:1336-1347. [PMID: 30867834 PMCID: PMC6401503 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trend to inform personalized molecular radiotherapy with molecular imaging diagnostics, a concept referred to as theranostics, has transformed the field of nuclear medicine in recent years. The development of theranostic pairs comprising somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeting nuclear imaging probes and therapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been a driving force behind this development. With the Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy (NETTER-1) phase 3 trial reporting encouraging results in the treatment of well-differentiated, metastatic midgut NETs, peptide radioligand therapy (RLT) with the 177Lu-labeled somatostatin analog (SSA) [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is now anticipated to become the standard of care. On the diagnostics side, the field is currently dominated by 68Ga-labeled SSAs for the molecular imaging of NETs with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). PET/CT imaging with SSAs such as [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC, and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC allows for NET staging with high accuracy and is used to qualify patients for RLT. Driven by the demand for PET/CT imaging of NETs, a commercial kit for the production of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE (NETSPOT) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The synthesis of 68Ga-labeled SSAs from a 68Ge/68Ga-generator is straightforward and allows for a decentralized production, but there are economic and logistic difficulties associated with these approaches that warrant the search for a viable, generator-independent alternative. The clinical introduction of an 18F-labeled SSTR-imaging probe can help mitigate the shortcomings of the generator-based synthesis approach, but despite extensive research efforts, none of the proposed 18F-labeled SSAs has been translated past prospective first-in-humans studies so far. Here, we review the current state of probe-development from a translational viewpoint and make a case for a clinically viable, 18F-labeled alternative to the current standard [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Waldmann
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andreea D Stuparu
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Roger Slavik
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Riedemann T, Sutor B. Long-lasting actions of somatostatin on pyramidal cell excitability in the mouse cingulate cortex. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:217-223. [PMID: 30668961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many neurological diseases are related to disturbances of somatostatin- (SOM-) expressing interneurons in the cingulate cortex. Therefore, their role within the circuitry of the cingulate cortex needs to be investigated. We describe here the physiological time course of SOM effects onto pyramidal cell excitability and action potential discharge pattern. Furthermore, we show that the GRK2 inhibitor Gallein had no effect on the reduced SOM-induced response following repetitive SOM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Riedemann
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Physiological Genomics, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sutor
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Physiological Genomics, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Memmert S, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Nogueira AVB, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Jäger A, Deschner J. Regulation of somatostatin receptor 2 by proinflammatory, microbial and obesity-related signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Head Face Med 2019; 15:2. [PMID: 30609928 PMCID: PMC6319011 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive and irreversible destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, including gingiva and periodontal ligament (PDL). Microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, evoke an inflammatory host response, which leads to increased levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β. Periodontitis has been linked to obesity, and adipokines have been suggested to represent a pathomechanistic link. The hormone somatostatin (SST) exerts antiproliferative, antiangiogenetic, proapoptotic, anti-nociceptive and other effects through binding to its receptors, such as SSTR2. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the regulation of SSTR2 in periodontal cells and tissues under inflammatory, microbial and obesity-related conditions. Methods In-vitro, human PDL fibroblasts were exposed to IL-1β, F. nucleatum, leptin or visfatin. The SSTR2 regulation was assessed by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. In-vivo, the SSTR2 expression was analyzed in gingival biopsies of periodontally diseased and healthy subjects by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the SSTR2 expression was determined in gingival biopsies of rats with ligature-induced periodontitis, rats with diet-induced obesity, and periodontally and systemically healthy control animals. For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney-U test and ANOVA with post-hoc tests were applied (p < 0.05). Results Exposure of PDL cells to IL-1β and F. nucleatum caused a significant SSTR2 upregulation by 2.6-fold and 6.4-fold, respectively. Additionally, leptin and visfatin increased significantly the SSTR2 gene expression by 3.0-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. These stimulatory effects were also observed at protein level. SSTR2 expressions in human gingival biopsies from sites of periodontitis were significantly higher than those in healthy biopsies. Similarly, SSTR2 expression levels were significantly enhanced at periodontally-diseased sites in rat experimental periodontitis. Finally, the SSTR2 expression was significantly upregulated in gingival biopsies of obese rats as compared to normal weight control animals. Conclusions Our study provides original insights into the SSTR2 regulation in cells and tissues of the periodontium. We demonstrate for the first time that proinflammatory, microbial and obesity-associated molecules result in an SSTR2 upregulation. Since SST has been shown to be antiproliferative, antiangiogenetic, and proapoptotic, our study suggests that SSTR2 might play a critical role in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, 17 53111, Bonn, Germany. .,Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, zmk bern, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, 17 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Kumar Nagarajan S, Babu S, Sohn H, Devaraju P, Madhavan T. Toward a better understanding of the interaction between somatostatin receptor 2 and its ligands: a structural characterization study using molecular dynamics and conceptual density functional theory. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3081-3102. [PMID: 30079808 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1508368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is a part of the extensive research intending to provide the structural insights on somatostatin and its receptor. Herein, we have studied the structural complexity involved in the binding of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) with its agonists and antagonist. A 3D QSAR study based on comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) discerned that a SSTR2 ligand with electronegative, less-bulkier, and hydrogen atom donating/accepting substitutions is important for their biological activity. A conceptual density functional theory (DFT) study was followed to study the chemical behavior of the ligands based on the molecular descriptors derived using the Fukui's molecular orbital theory. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of receptor-ligand complexes for 100 ns to analyze the dynamic stability of the backbone Cα atoms of the receptor and strength and approachability of the receptor-ligand complex. The findings of this study could be efficacious in the further studies understanding intricate structural features of the somatostatin receptors and in discovering novel subtype-specific ligands with higher affinity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Sathya Babu
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- b Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials , Chosun University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- c Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology , Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research , Pondicherry , India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
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Tan X, Wang S, Guo C, Qian M, Zhang X, Wan P, Yu C, Geng B, Ke K, Shen J, Song Y, Yu M. SSTR2 associated with neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:221-230. [PMID: 29380671 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1428277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective SSTR2 is a member of superfamily of SST receptor (SSTR), and widely expressed in the brain; however, the knowledge of its functions in area adjacent to hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still limited. Method The role of SSTR2 in the processes of ICH was explored by conducting an ICH rat model. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine the level of SSTR2 in area adjacent to hematoma after ICH. Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the spatial correlation of SSTR2 with cellular types adjacent to hematoma after ICH. RNA interference specific to SSTR2 was adopted in PC12 cells to clarify the causal correlation between SSTR2 and neuronal activities. Results Increased expression of SSTR2 was observed and restricted to the neurons adjacent to hematoma following ICH. Immunofluorescent staining showed that SSTR2 was significant increased in neurons, but not astrocytes or microglia. Increasing SSTR2 level was found to be accompanied by the up-regulation of activated caspase-3 and the down-expression of p-Akt in a time-dependent manner. What's more, using SSTR2 RNA interference (SSTR2-RNAi) in PC12 cells, we indicated that SSTR2 might have a pro-apoptotic role in neurons. Conclusion We speculated that SSTR2 might exert its pro-apoptotic function in neurons through inhibiting Akt activity following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Changyun Guo
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qian
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Geng
- c Department of Neurology , Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Ke
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- c Department of Neurology , Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
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