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Jeong H, Ali W, Zinck P, Souissi S, Lee JS. Toxicity of methylmercury in aquatic organisms and interaction with environmental factors and coexisting pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173574. [PMID: 38823721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a hazardous heavy metal that is distributed worldwide in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg) poses significant toxicity risks to aquatic organisms, primarily through bioaccumulation and biomagnification, due to its strong affinity for protein thiol groups, which results in negative effects even at low concentrations. MeHg exposure can cause various physiological changes, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, metabolic disorders, genetic damage, and immunotoxicity. To assess the risks of MeHg contamination in actual aquatic ecosystems, it is important to understand how MeHg interacts with environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved organic matter, salinity, and other pollutants such as microplastics and organic compounds. Complex environmental conditions can cause potential toxicity, such as synergistic, antagonistic, and unchanged effects, of MeHg in aquatic organisms. This review focuses on demonstrating the toxic effects of single MeHg exposure and the interactive relationships between MeHg and surrounding environmental factors or pollutants on aquatic organisms. Our review also recommends further research on biological and molecular responses in aquatic organisms to better understand the potential toxicity of combinational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Wajid Ali
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR-8187-LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR-8187-LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Operation Center for Enterprise Academia Networking, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Ji D, Luo M, Guo Y, Li Q, Kong L, Ge H, Wang Q, Song Q, Zeng X, Ma J, Wang Y, Meurer J, Chi W. Efficient scavenging of reactive carbonyl species in chloroplasts is required for light acclimation and fitness of plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:676-693. [PMID: 37545368 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) derived from lipid peroxides can act as critical damage or signaling mediators downstream of reactive oxygen species by modifying target proteins. However, their biological effects and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown in plants. Here, we have uncovered the mechanism by which the RCS 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal (HNE) participates in photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle of chloroplasts, a crucial process for maintaining PSII activity under high and changing light conditions. High Light Sensitive 1 (HLT1) is a potential NADPH-dependent reductase in chloroplasts. Deficiency of HLT1 had no impact on the growth of Arabidopsis plants under normal light conditions but increased sensitivity to high light, which resulted from a defective PSII repair cycle. In hlt1 plants, the accumulation of HNE-modified D1 subunit of PSII was observed, which did not affect D1 degradation but hampered the dimerization of repaired PSII monomers and reassembly of PSII supercomplexes on grana stacks. HLT1 is conserved in all photosynthetic organisms and has functions in overall growth and plant fitness in both Arabidopsis and rice under naturally challenging field conditions. Our work provides the mechanistic basis underlying RCS scavenging in light acclimation and suggests a potential strategy to improve plant productivity by manipulating RCS signaling in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daili Ji
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Manfei Luo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuxin Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingxi Kong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiannan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinfang Ma
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Martins AC, Ferrer B, Tinkov AA, Caito S, Deza-Ponzio R, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches. TOXICS 2023; 11:670. [PMID: 37624175 PMCID: PMC10459190 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important public health issue that affects millions of people around the world and is growing to pandemic-like proportions. This syndrome is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the etiology of MetS is multifactorial, involving many environmental factors, including toxicant exposures. Several studies have associated MetS with heavy metals exposure, which is the focus of this review. Environmental and/or occupational exposure to heavy metals are a major risk, contributing to the development of chronic diseases. Of particular note, toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium may contribute to the development of MetS by altering oxidative stress, IL-6 signaling, apoptosis, altered lipoprotein metabolism, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the known and potential roles of heavy metals in MetS etiology as well as potential targeted pathways that are associated with MetS. Furthermore, we describe how new approaches involving proteomic and transcriptome analysis, as well as bioinformatic tools, may help bring about an understanding of the involvement of heavy metals and metalloids in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Samuel Caito
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
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Abasilim C, Persky V, Turyk ME. Association of Blood Total Mercury with Dyslipidemia in a sample of U.S. Adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database, 2011-2018. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2023; 6:100047. [PMID: 38617034 PMCID: PMC11014419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2023.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Abnormal lipid profiles in adolescents predict metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. While seafood consumption is the primary source of mercury exposure, it also provides beneficial nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA). Prior studies indicate that blood total mercury (TBHg) has endocrine disrupting effects and may be associated with abnormal lipid profiles in adolescents. However, the impact of beneficial nutrients on this relationship has not been examined. Our study investigated the relationship of TBHg with dyslipidemia and lipid profiles and potential confounding and modification of these relationships by sex, body mass index (BMI), selenium and O3FA from seafood consumption. Methods We examined 1,390 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants 12-19 years of age from the 2011-2018 cycles. Using logistic and linear regression adjusted for survey design variables and stratified by sex a priori, we estimated the associations of TBHg and methylmercury with dyslipidemia, and with total cholesterol (TC), high (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides. Results The geometric mean of TBHg in this adolescent population was 0.44 μg/L. After controlling for socio-demographic covariates, BMI, serum selenium, age at menarche (females only) and average daily intake of O3FA; TBHg was significantly associated with higher TC levels (β=3.34, 95% CI: 0.19, 6.50; p<0.05) in females but not males. Methyl Hg was also associated with increased TC, as well as decreased HDL-C in females but not males. We did not find significant associations of Hg exposure with dyslipidemia, LDL-C or triglycerides levels in either male or female adolescents. However, we observed evidence of effect modification by BMI and serum selenium for associations of TBHg with TC levels in male and female adolescents, respectively. Conclusion Our findings of elevated TC levels in females but not males necessitates further research to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving these sex-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzor Abasilim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Victoria Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary E. Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Takanezawa Y, Kashiwano Y, Nakamura R, Ohshiro Y, Uraguchi S, Kiyono M. Methylmercury drives lipid droplet formation and adipokine expression during the late stages of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Toxicology 2023; 486:153446. [PMID: 36708982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is positively associated with obesity and metabolic syndromes. However, the effect of MeHg on adipogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the effects of continuous exposure to 0.5 µM MeHg on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining and triglycerides (TG) assays demonstrated that MeHg enhanced the TG content in 3T3-L1 cells. MeHg enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of adipocyte differentiation markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, adiponectin, and fatty acid-binding protein, and their expression levels were prominent during the late stages (days 6-8) after the induction of differentiation. In addition, 0.5 µM MeHg promoted the expression of autophagy-related genes, including light chain 3 B-II and p62, after induction of differentiation. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, during the early stages (days 0-2) after induction of differentiation inhibited cellular lipid accumulation in the presence of 0.5 µM MeHg. However, treatment with CQ during the late stages (days 6-8) had little effect on the MeHg-induced increase in TG content and the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers. Although the underlying mechanisms in the late stages remain to be completely elucidated, but the present data suggest that autophagy and other mechanisms play critical roles in adipogenesis during MeHg-induced differentiation. Collectively, our results suggest that continuous exposure to MeHg induces TG accumulation and expression of genes related to adipogenesis, especially during the late stages of 3T3-L1 differentiation, which may contribute to an improved understanding of MeHg-induced adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Takanezawa
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yui Kashiwano
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuka Ohshiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Kiyono
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Zhang L, Li W, Hou Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liang X, Wu Z, Wang T, Liu X, Peng X, Yang X, Yang H, Geng D. Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis Through Regulation of Autophagy and Macrophage Polarization. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:109-126. [PMID: 36647388 PMCID: PMC9840439 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s374802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have presented that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), one of natural flavonoids, have protective effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Besides, it was reported that TFDG could affect inflammatory signaling pathways, like NF-κB, JNK, and so on, to ameliorate inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mentioned above are common to natural flavonoid products including TFDG. Therefore, this study aimed to further investigate the other mechanisms of TFDG against CIA. Methods DBA/1 mice (8-10 weeks) were intravenously injected Freund's Adjuvant (100μL) at the base of tail and intraperitoneally injected PBS or different dosage of TFDG (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg). Then the paw and knee tissues were collected to assess the severity of joint destruction. In vitro experiments, bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were exposed to TNF-α (10ng/mL) with or without different concentrations of TFDG (0.1μmol/L or 1.0μmol/L). Besides, the targets of TFDG were predicted with docking software and were verified through experiment. Results TFDG treatment could reduce M1 macrophage (pro-inflammatory) and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL- 6 and TNF-α, both in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, the M2 macrophage (alternatively activated) polarization was promoted by TFDG. Animal experiments showed TFDG ameliorated joint destructions. For investigating the mechanisms, the targets of TFDG were predicted by bioinformatics tools. According to predictions, we hypothesized that TFDG could act with BCL-2 to weaken the interaction between BCL-2 and Beclin1. Beclin1 plays a central role in autophagy, and we found that the autophagy level of BMMs was recovered by TFDG. Besides, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, could attenuate the therapeutic effect of TFDG. Conclusion TFDG protected against collagen-induced arthritis by attenuating the inflammation and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization through controlling autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tengzhou City Center People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zerui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Huilin Yang; Dechun Geng, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Huilin Yang; Dechun Geng, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Liu C, Liu A, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Chen H, Liu Q, Zhang S, Huang J, Liu Z. Role and Mechanism of Theaflavins in Regulating Skeletal Muscle Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13233-13250. [PMID: 36215649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory infiltration of skeletal muscle is a principal trigger for the loss of muscle mass and strength. Theaflavins, the main functional components of black tea, have effects on muscle health, but their biological effects on skeletal muscle inflammation are unclear. We constructed in vitro and in vivo models of muscle inflammation and found that theaflavins reduced the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate muscle inflammation. In addition, TF1 can regulate the metabolic function of skeletal muscle under inflammatory conditions, reduce the content of proinflammatory substances, improve the mechanical properties (stiffness and roughness) of the surface of inflammatory myotubes, and promote the recovery of muscle after an inflammatory injury. In conclusion, theaflavins may serve as a diet-derived anti-inflammatory factor with potential modulatory effects on skeletal muscle metabolism and mechanical properties in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultrual University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yangbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultrual University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultrual University, Changsha 410128, China
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Betanzos‐Robledo L, Téllez‐Rojo MM, Lamadrid‐Figueroa H, Roldan‐Valadez E, Peterson KE, Jansen EC, Basu N, Cantoral A. Differential fat accumulation in early adulthood according to adolescent-BMI and heavy metal exposure. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:37-51. [PMID: 35583253 PMCID: PMC9790480 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) can affect adipose tissue mass and function. Considering the high prevalence of exposure to heavy metals and obesity in Mexico, we aim to examine if exposure to Pb and Hg in adolescence can modify how fat is accumulated in early adulthood. METHODS This study included 100 participants from the ELEMENT cohort in Mexico. Adolescent Pb and Hg blood levels were determined at 14-16 years. Age- and sex-specific adolescent BMI Z-scores were calculated. At early adulthood (21-22 years), fat accumulation measurements were performed (abdominal, subcutaneous, visceral, hepatic, and pancreatic fat). Linear regression models with an interaction between adolescent BMI Z-score and Pb or Hg levels were run for each adulthood fat accumulation outcome with normal BMI as reference. RESULTS In adolescents with obesity compared to normal BMI, as Pb exposure increased, subcutaneous (p-interaction = 0.088) and visceral (p-interaction < 0.0001) fat accumulation increases. Meanwhile, Hg was associated with subcutaneous (p-interaction = 0.027) and abdominal (p-interaction = 0.022) fat deposition among adolescents with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Heavy metal exposure in adolescence may alter how fat is accumulated in later periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Betanzos‐Robledo
- CONACYTNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Nutrition and Health ResearchCuernavacaMexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez‐Rojo
- CONACYTNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Nutrition and Health ResearchCuernavacaMexico
| | - Hector Lamadrid‐Figueroa
- Department of Perinatal HealthReproductive Health DirectorateNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Population Health ResearchCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Ernesto Roldan‐Valadez
- Directorate of Clinical ResearchHospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico
- Department of RadiologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nil Basu
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Cai X, Liu Z, Dong X, Wang Y, Zhu L, Li M, Xu Y. Hypoglycemic and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9922-9931. [PMID: 34492673 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are the characteristic components of black tea and have been widely acknowledged for their health benefits. The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of TFs, TF1, TF2a and TF3 on glycolipid metabolism in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 per group) as follows: low-fat diet (LFD), HFD, HFD + metformin (Met, 100 mg kg-1 d-1), HFD + TFs (TFs, 200 mg kg-1 d-1), HFD + TF1 (TF1, 100 mg kg-1 d-1), HFD + TF2a (TF2a, 100 mg kg-1 d-1), and HFD + TF3 (TF3, 100 mg kg-1 d-1). All groups were studied for 9 weeks continuously. The levels of serum glucose, insulin, TC, TG, LDL and HLD in the plasma, lipid accumulation in the liver, and injury of the liver were investigated. In addition, the effects of TFs and their monomers on the SIRT6/AMPK/SREBP-1/FASN pathway were also evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of TFs, TF1, TF2a and TF3 not only dramatically suppressed weight gain, reduced blood glucose level, and ameliorated insulin resistance but also obviously lowered the levels of serum TC, TG and LDL, suppressed the activities of ALT and AST, and ameliorated hepatic damage in mice fed a HFD when compared to the HFD group. Western blot analysis showed that TFs, TF1, TF2a and TF3 treatments increased the expression of SIRT6 and suppressed the expression levels of SREBP-1 and FASN significantly in mice fed a HFD as compared to the HFD group. The phosphorylation of AMPK in mice fed a HFD was obviously elevated by TF2a and TF3 when compared to the HFD group. These results proved for the first time that TF1, TF2a and TF3 improved the glucolipid metabolism of mice fed a HFD, and activated the SIRT6/AMPK/SREBP-1/FASN signaling pathway to inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the liver to ameliorate obesity in mice fed a HFD. These findings indicate that TFs, TF1, TF2a and TF3 as the main functional components of black tea might potentially be used as a food additive for improving glycolipid metabolism and ameliorating obesity, and TF3 may be the best choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zenghui Liu
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Luwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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10
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Yuan L, Shi X, Tang BZ, Wang WX. Real-time in vitro monitoring of the subcellular toxicity of inorganic Hg and methylmercury in zebrafish cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105859. [PMID: 34004410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a prominent environmental contaminant and can cause various subcellular effects. Elucidating the different subcellular toxicities of inorganic Hg (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg) is critical for understanding their overall cytotoxicity. In this study, we employed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes to investigate the toxicity of Hg at the subcellular level using an aquatic embryonic zebrafish fibroblast cell line ZF4 as a model. The dynamic monitoring of lysosomal pH and the mapping of pH distribution during Hg2+ or MeHg exposure were successfully realized for the first time. We found that both Hg2+ and MeHg decreased the mean lysosomal pH, but with contrasting effects and mechanisms. Hg2+ had a greater impact on lysosomal pH than MeHg at a similar intracellular concentration. In addition, Hg2+ in comparison to MeHg exposure led to an increased number of lysosomes, probably because of their different effects on autophagy. We further showed that MeHg (200 nM) exposure had an inverse effect on mitochondrial respiratory function. A high dose (1000 nM) of Hg2+ increased the amount of intracellular lipid droplets by 13%, indicating that lipid droplets may potentially play a role in Hg2+detoxification. Our study suggested that, compared with other parameters, lysosome pH was most sensitive to Hg2+ and MeHg. Therefore, lysosomal pH can be used as a potential biomarker to assess the cellular toxicity of Hg in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliang Yuan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen518057, China.
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Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Ke T, Ferrer B, Zhou JC, Chang JS, Santamaría A, Chao JCJ, Aaseth J, Skalny AV. Adipotropic effects of heavy metals and their potential role in obesity. Fac Rev 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 33977285 PMCID: PMC8103910 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated an association between heavy metal exposure and the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the particular effects of metal toxicity on adipose tissue functioning are unclear. Therefore, recent findings of direct influence of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, and lead) and metalloid (arsenic) on adipose tissue physiology are discussed while considering existing gaps and contradictions. Here, we provide a literature review addressing adipose tissue as a potential target of heavy metal toxicity. Experimental in vivo studies demonstrated a significant influence of mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic exposure on body adiposity. In turn, in vitro experiments revealed both up- and downregulation of adipogenesis associated with aberrant expression of key adipogenic pathways, namely CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Comparison of the existing studies on the basis of dose and route of exposure demonstrated that the effects of heavy metal exposure on adipose tissue may be dose-dependent, varying from increased adipogenesis at low-dose exposure to inhibition of adipose tissue differentiation at higher doses. However, direct dose-response data are available in a single study only for arsenic. Nonetheless, both types of these effects, irrespective of their directionality, contribute significantly to metabolic disturbances due to dysregulated adipogenesis. Particularly, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation is known to reduce lipid-storage capacity of adipose tissue, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation. In contrast, metal-associated stimulation of adipogenesis may result in increased adipose tissue accumulation and obesity. However, further studies are required to reveal the particular dose- and species-dependent effects of heavy metal exposure on adipogenesis and adipose tissue functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Xu P, Liu A, Li F, Tinkov AA, Liu L, Zhou JC. Associations between metabolic syndrome and four heavy metals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116480. [PMID: 33486246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four most concerned heavy metal pollutants, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury may share common mechanisms to induce metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, recent studies exploring the relationships between MetS and metal exposure presented inconsistent findings. We aimed to clarify the relationship between heavy metal exposure biomarkers and MetS using a meta-analysis and systematic review approach. Literature search was conducted in international and the Chinese national databases up to June 2020. Of selected studies, we extracted the relevant data and evaluated the quality of each study's methodology. We then calculated the pooled effect sizes (ESs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effect meta-analysis approach followed by stratification analyses for control of potential confounders. Involving 55,536 participants, the included 22 articles covered 52 observational studies reporting ESs and/or metal concentrations on specific metal and gender. Our results show that participants with MetS had significantly higher levels of heavy metal exposure [pooled ES = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.23; n = 42, heterogeneity I2 = 75.6%; and SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.29; n = 32, I2 = 94.2%] than those without MetS. Pooled ESs in the subgroups stratified by arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.10; n = 8, I2 = 61.0%), 1.10 (0.95, 1.27; 11, 45.0%), 1.21 (1.00, 1.48; 12, 82.9%), and 1.26 (1.06, 1.48; 11, 67.7%), respectively. Pooled ESs in the subgroups stratified by blood, urine, and the other specimen were 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.38; n = 26, I2 = 75.8%), 1.06 (1.00, 1.13; 14, 58.1%), and 2.41 (1.30, 4.43; 2, 0.0%), respectively. In conclusion, heavy metal exposure was positively associated with MetS. Further studies are warranted to examine the effects of individual metals and their interaction on the relationship between MetS and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Fengna Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia
| | - Longjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Tinant G, Neefs I, Das K, Rees JF, Larondelle Y, Debier C. Methylmercury displays pro-adipogenic properties in rainbow trout preadipocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127917. [PMID: 33297014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous contaminant largely found in aquatic environments, especially in species at high trophic level such as salmonids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MeHg on adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout. Primary cultured preadipocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of MeHg during six days with or without a hormonal cocktail. Main results showed a dose-dependent intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids with a preferential uptake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, this accumulation occurred after a fairly low uptake of MeHg by preadipocytes and was maintained after the cellular exposure to MeHg. In membrane phospholipids, arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) was released in a dose-dependent manner. At the transcriptional level, the expression of several adipocyte-specific genes (perilipin 2 and apolipoprotein Eb) as well as lipid-related genes (fatty acid synthase and fatty acid binding protein 11a) was up-regulated in preadipocytes exposed to MeHg. These results highlight for the first time the disrupting effect of MeHg in trout adipocyte metabolism, providing new insights regarding the role of environmental pollutants in adipose tissue dysfunction and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Tinant
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ineke Neefs
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Université de Liège, 11 Allée Du 6 Août, B6C, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Pamphlett R, Kum Jew S. Mercury Is Taken Up Selectively by Cells Involved in Joint, Bone, and Connective Tissue Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:168. [PMID: 31380381 PMCID: PMC6659129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The causes of most arthropathies, osteoarthritis, and connective tissue disorders remain unknown, but exposure to toxic metals could play a part in their pathogenesis. Human exposure to mercury is common, so to determine whether mercury could be affecting joints, bones, and connective tissues we used a histochemical method to determine the cellular uptake of mercury in mice. Whole neonatal mice were examined since this allowed histological assessment of mercury in joint, bone, and connective tissue cells. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to a non-toxic dose of 0.5 mg/m3 of mercury vapor for 4 h a day on gestational days 14-18. Neonates were sacrificed at postnatal day 1, fixed in formalin, and transverse blocks of the body were processed for paraffin embedding. Seven micrometer sections were stained for inorganic mercury using silver nitrate autometallography, either alone or combined with CD44 immunostaining to detect progenitor cells. Control neonates were not exposed to mercury during gestation. Results: Uptake of mercury was marked in synovial cells, articular chondrocytes, and periosteal and tracheal cartilage cells. Mercury was seen in fibroblasts in the dermis, aorta, esophagus and striated muscle, some of which were CD44-positive progenitor cells, and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Mercury was also present in renal tubules and liver periportal cells. Conclusions: Mercury is taken up selectively by cells that are predominantly affected in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In addition, fibroblasts in several organs often involved in multisystem connective tissue disorders take up mercury. Mercury provokes the autoimmune, inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic changes that have been described in a range of arthropathies and bone and connective tissue disorders. These findings support the hypothesis that mercury exposure could trigger some of these disorders, particularly in people with a genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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