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Yi K, An L, Qi Y, Yang T, Duan Y, Zhao X, Zhang P, Huang X, Su X, Tang Z, Sun D. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes recovery from postoperative ileus and the repair of the injured intestinal barrier through mast cell-nerve crosstalk. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112316. [PMID: 38823183 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroimmune mechanisms implicated in the enhancement of gastrointestinal function through the administration of oral DHA. Mast cell-deficient mice (KitW-sh) and C57BL/6 mice were used to establish postoperative ileus (POI) models. To further validate our findings, we conducted noncontact coculture experiments involving dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and T84 cells. Furthermore, the results obtained from investigations conducted on animals and cells were subsequently validated through clinical trials. The administration of oral DHA had ameliorative effects on intestinal barrier injury and postoperative ileus. In a mechanistic manner, the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA was achieved through the activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) on DRG cells, resulting in the stabilization of mast cells and increasing interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion in mast cells. Furthermore, the activation of the pro-repair WNT1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP-1) signaling pathways by mast cell-derived IL-10 resulted in an enhancement of the intestinal barrier integrity. The current study demonstrated that the neuroimmune interaction between mast cells and nerves played a crucial role in the process of oral DHA improving the intestinal barrier integrity of POI, which further triggered the activation of CREB/WISP-1 signaling in intestinal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqian Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Liya An
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Yuxing Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Yongqing Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Xingzong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Xianming Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Bai F, Wang J, Gao R, Zhao Y, Xu X. Contribution of phospholipase B to the formation of characteristic flavor in steamed sturgeon meat. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101391. [PMID: 38681231 PMCID: PMC11046078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory analysis and untargeted lipidomics were employed to study the impact of phospholipase B (PLB) on lipid oxidation and flavor in steamed sturgeon meat, revealing the inherent relationship between lipid oxidation and flavor regulation. The research verified that PLB effectively suppresses fat oxidation and improves the overall taste of steamed sturgeon meat. Furthermore, the PLB group identified 52 compounds, and the content of odor substances such as isoamyl alcohol and hexanal was reduced compared with other groups. Finally, lipid substances containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were screened out from 32 kinds of differential phospholipids. Through Pearson correlation analysis, it was observed that certain differential phospholipids such as PC (22:6) and PC (22:5) exhibited varying correlations with odor substances like hexanal and isovaleraldehyde. These findings suggest that PLB specifically affects certain phospholipids, leading to the production of distinct volatile substances through oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Sturgeon Aquatic Food Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324002, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Sturgeon Aquatic Food Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324002, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Zhang WW, Wang SS, Ding YD, Wu XY, Chen T, Gao Y, Jin SW, Zhang PH. Cardiac Resolvin D2 ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting Caspase-11/GSDMD dependent pyroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 215:64-76. [PMID: 38437927 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is common complication in septic patients with a high mortality and is characterized by an abnormal inflammation response, which was precisely regulated by endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). However, the metabolic changes of cardiac SPMs during SICM and the roles of SPMs subset in the development of SICM remain unknown. METHODS In this work, the SPMs concentration was assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) of SICM mice and SICM patients. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography after the treatment of a SPMs subset, termed Resolvin D2 (RvD2). Caspase-11-/-, GSDMD-/- and double deficient (Caspase-11-/-GSDMD-/-) mice were used to clarify the mechanisms of RvD2 in SICM. RESULTS We found that endogenous cardiac SPMs were disorders and RvD2 was decreased significantly and correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and β-BNP, cTnT in Lipopolysaccharide/Cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) induced SICM models. Treatment with RvD2 attenuated lethality, cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocytes death during SICM. Mechanistically, RvD2 alleviated SICM via inhibiting Caspase-11/GSDMD-mediated cardiomyocytes pyroptosis. Finally, the plasma levels of RvD2 were also decreased and significantly correlated with IL-1β, β-BNP, cTnT and LVEF in patients with SICM. Of note, plasma RvD2 level is indicator of SICM patients from healthy controls or sepsis patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that decreased cardiac RvD2 may involve in the pathogenesis of SICM. In addition, treatment with RvD2 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for SICM by inhibiting cardiomyocytes pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shun-Shun Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang-Dong Ding
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241004, China.
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Waksman R, Merdler I, Case BC, Waksman O, Porto I. Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis: overview, strategy and directions. EUROINTERVENTION 2024; 20:32-44. [PMID: 38165117 PMCID: PMC10756224 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterised by the build-up of plaque in the inner lining of the blood vessels and it is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with the accumulation of cholesterol and inflammation. Although effective therapies exist to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, some patients still experience cardiovascular events due to persistent inflammation, known as residual inflammatory risk (RIR). Researchers have conducted laboratory and animal studies to investigate the measurement and targeting of the inflammatory cascade associated with atherosclerosis, which have yielded promising results. In addition to guideline-directed lifestyle modifications and optimal medical therapy focusing on reducing LDL-C levels, pharmacological interventions targeting inflammation may provide further assistance in preventing future cardiac events. This review aims to explain the mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis, identifies potential biomarkers, discusses available therapeutic options and their strengths and limitations, highlights future advancements, and summarises notable clinical studies. Finally, an evaluation and management algorithm for addressing RIR is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Waksman
- MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ilan Merdler
- MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Brian C Case
- MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ori Waksman
- MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Italo Porto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
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Chen E, Zhou D, Deng R. Serum resolvin D1 potentially predicts neurofunctional recovery, the risk of recurrence and death in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:10. [PMID: 38124765 PMCID: PMC10731167 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) represses inflammation, oxidative damage and neural injury related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) progression. The present study aimed to explore the association of serum RvD1 with disease features, neurological recovery and prognosis in patients with AIS. A total of 212 patients with newly diagnosed AIS, whose serum RvD1 was quantified at admission and at discharge using an ELISA were enrolled in the current study. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was noted at 3 months after patient enrolment (M3), and patients were followed up for a median duration of 11.4 (range, 1.1-21.0) months. The median RvD1 in patients with AIS at admission was 1.07 (range, 0.11-9.29) ng/ml and it was negatively correlated with the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (r=-0.160; P=0.009) and C-reactive protein level (r=-0.272; P<0.001), but it was not correlated with comorbidities or other biochemical indexes. RvD1 at admission was lower in patients with mRS >2 at M3 (P=0.001), recurrence (P=0.001) or death (P=0.032) compared with that in patients without the aforementioned characteristics, which had a general ability to estimate mRS >2 at M3 [area under curve (AUC), 0.633], as well as lower risk of recurrence (AUC, 0.745) and death (AUC, 0.757) according to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The median RvD1 was raised to 1.70 (range, 0.30-16.62) ng/ml at discharge. RvD1 at discharge was able to forecast mRS >2 at M3 (AUC, 0.678) and was able to predict the risk of recurrence (AUC, 0.796) and death (AUC, 0.826) in the ROC curve analyses. Increased serum RvD1 was associated with an attenuated inflammation status, and predicted improved neurological recovery, and lower risk of recurrence and death in patients with AIS. More specifically, its level at discharge exhibits a better prognostic utility than that at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Deng
- Health Management, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
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Chen X, Ran J, Mazhar M, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Qin L, Miao S. The balanced unsaturated fatty acid supplement constituted by woody edible oils improved lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203932. [PMID: 37545586 PMCID: PMC10399753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity. Woody edible oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that could positively affect lipid metabolism. In this study, the blended oil (BLO), a balanced UFA supplement, constituted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Chinese Red Pepper) seed oil, walnut (Juglans regia) oil, camellia (Camema oleifera) seed oil and perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil was established referring to the Chinese dietary reference intakes, in which the ratios of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1:1 and 4:1, respectively. The BLO was administrated to KM mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage every day at a dose of 3.0 mL/kg·bw for 10 weeks to assess its effects on serum lipid levels, liver antioxidant activities and gut microbial composition. The results showed that the BLO improved hepatic steatosis, liver oxidative stress, and serum lipid levels. Additionally, there was an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Blautia, along with a decreased abundance of Staphylococcus in cecal contents. These changes were found to be positively correlated with the metabolic improvements, as indicated by Spearman's correlation analysis. These findings implied the practicality of the balanced unsaturated fatty acid consumption in preventing hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingqi Ran
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Likang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Borgonovi SM, Iametti S, Di Nunzio M. Docosahexaenoic Acid as Master Regulator of Cellular Antioxidant Defenses: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1283. [PMID: 37372014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that benefits the prevention of chronic diseases. Due to its high unsaturation, DHA is vulnerable to free radical oxidation, resulting in several unfavorable effects, including producing hazardous metabolites. However, in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest that the relationship between the chemical structure of DHA and its susceptibility to oxidation may not be as clear-cut as previously thought. Organisms have developed a balanced system of antioxidants to counteract the overproduction of oxidants, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the key transcription factor identified for transmitting the inducer signal to the antioxidant response element. Thus, DHA might preserve the cellular redox status promoting the transcriptional regulation of cellular antioxidants through Nrf2 activation. Here, we systematically summarize the research on the possible role of DHA in controlling cellular antioxidant enzymes. After the screening process, 43 records were selected and included in this review. Specifically, 29 studies related to the effects of DHA in cell cultures and 15 studies concerned the effects of consumption or treatment with DHA in animal. Despite DHA's promising and encouraging effects at modulating the cellular antioxidant response in vitro/in vivo, some differences observed among the reviewed studies may be accounted for by the different experimental conditions adopted, including the time of supplementation/treatment, DHA concentration, and cell culture/tissue model. Moreover, this review offers potential molecular explanations for how DHA controls cellular antioxidant defenses, including involvement of transcription factors and the redox signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Margherita Borgonovi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Yu Q, Jian Z, Yang D, Zhu T. Perspective insights into hydrogels and nanomaterials for ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1058753. [PMID: 36761147 PMCID: PMC9902513 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1058753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological disorder prevalent worldwide with a high disability and mortality rate. In the clinic setting, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and thrombectomy could restore blood flow of the occlusion region and improve the outcomes of IS patients; however, these therapies are restricted by a narrow time window. Although several preclinical trials have revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying infarct lesions, the translatability of most findings is unsatisfactory, which contributes to the emergence of new biomaterials, such as hydrogels and nanomaterials, for the treatment of IS. Biomaterials function as structural scaffolds or are combined with other compounds to release therapeutic drugs. Biomaterial-mediated drug delivery approaches could optimize the therapeutic effects based on their brain-targeting property, biocompatibility, and functionality. This review summarizes the advances in biomaterials in the last several years, aiming to discuss the therapeutic potential of new biomaterials from the bench to bedside. The promising prospects of new biomaterials indicate the possibility of an organic combination between materialogy and medicine, which is a novel field under exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Yu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhang Jian
- Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s and Children’s Hospital Affiliated of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tao Zhu,
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Zhang T, Zuo G, Zhang H. GPR18 Agonist Resolvin D2 Reduces Early Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Multiple Protective Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2379-2392. [PMID: 34089427 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the early phase of secondary complications arising from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) can exert neuroprotective effects during ischemia. In this study, we investigated the roles of GPR18 in different brain regions during EBI using a GPR18 agonist, resolvin D2 (RvD2). Location and dynamics of GPR18 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting in a rat model of SAH based on endovascular perforation. RvD2 was given intranasally at 1 h after SAH, and SAH grade, brain water content and behavior were assayed before sacrifice. TUNEL and dihydroethidium staining of the cortex were performed at 24 h after SAH. Selected brain regions were also examined for pathway related proteins using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We found that GPR18 was expressed in meninges, hypothalamus, cortex and white matter before EBI. After SAH, GPR18 expression was increased in meninges and hypothalamus but decreased in cortex and white matter. RvD2 improved neurological scores and brain edema after SAH. RvD2 attenuated mast cell degranulation and reduced expression of chymase and tryptase expression in the meninges. In the hypothalamus, RvD2 attenuated inflammation, increased expression of proopiomelanocortin and interleukin-10, as well as decreased expression of nerve peptide Y and tumor necrosis factor-α. In cortex, RvD2 alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and protected the blood-brain barrier. RvD2 also ameliorated white matter injury by elevating myelin basic protein and suppressing amyloid precursor protein. Our results suggest that GPR18 may help protect multiple brain regions during EBI, particularly in the cortex and hypothalamus. Upregulating GPR18 by RvD2 may improve neurological functions in different brain regions via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China.
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Wang J, Cao X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. The function of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to cadmium exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023999. [PMID: 36248838 PMCID: PMC9558127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, pollution has become a part of our daily life with the improvement of life quality and the advancement of industry and heavy industry. In recent years, the adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), on human health have been widely discussed, particularly on the immune system. Here, this review summarizes the available evidence on how Cd exposure may affect health. By analyzing the general manifestations of inflammation caused by Cd exposure, we find that the role of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vivo can counteract Cd-induced harm. Additionally, we elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system, and analyze their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on Cd exposure. Overall, this review highlights the role of n-3 PUFAs in the pathological changes induced by Cd exposure. Although n-3 PUFAs remain to be verified whether they can be used as therapeutic agents, as rehabilitation therapy, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs is reliable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangping Yang,
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Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuroinflammation: Overview of Studies and Perspectives of Clinical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154836. [PMID: 35956787 PMCID: PMC9370036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are lipid mediators derived from poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which have been demonstrated to have an important role in the inflammation environment, preventing an overreaction of the organism and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our purpose was to point out the current evidence for specialized pro-resolving mediators, focusing on their role in neuroinflammation and in major neurological diseases.
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12
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Hao J, Feng Y, Xu X, Li L, Yang K, Dai G, Gao W, Zhang M, Fan Y, Yin T, Wang J, Yang B, Jiao L, Zhang L. Plasma Lipid Mediators Associate With Clinical Outcome After Successful Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917974. [PMID: 35865524 PMCID: PMC9295711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroinflammatory response contributes to early neurological deterioration (END) and unfavorable long-term functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who recanalized successfully by endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), but there are no reliable biomarkers for their accurate prediction. Here, we sought to determine the temporal plasma profiles of the bioactive lipid mediators lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for their associations with clinical outcome.MethodsWe quantified levels of LXA4, RvD1, and LTB4 in blood samples retrospectively and longitudinally collected from consecutive AIS patients who underwent complete angiographic recanalization by EVT at admission (pre-EVT) and 24 hrs post-EVT. The primary outcome was unfavorable long-term functional outcome, defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6. Secondary outcome was END, defined as an increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 points at 24 hrs post-EVT.ResultsEighty-one consecutive AIS patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of LXA4, RvD1, and LTB4 were significantly increased in post-EVT samples from AIS patients, as compared to those of healthy controls. END occurred in 17 (20.99%) patients, and 38 (46.91%) had unfavorable 90-day functional outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that post-EVT levels of LXA4 (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 0.992, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.987-0.998), ΔLXA4 (adjusted OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.991-0.999), LTB4 (adjusted OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005), ΔLTB4 (adjusted OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.006), and post-EVT LXA4/LTB4 (adjusted OR 0.023, 95% CI 0.001-0.433) and RvD1/LTB4 (adjusted OR 0.196, 95% CI 0.057-0.682) ratios independently predicted END, and post-EVT LXA4 levels (adjusted OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.999), ΔLXA4 levels (adjusted OR 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999), and post-EVT LXA4/LTB4 ratio (adjusted OR 0.285, 95% CI 0.096-0.845) independently predicted unfavorable 90-day functional outcome. These were validated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.ConclusionsPlasma lipid mediators measured 24 hrs post-EVT were independent predictors for early and long-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine their causal-effect relationship, and whether the imbalance between anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators could be a potential adjunct therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaolei Dai
- Department of Intervention, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yaming Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tengkun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical Universit, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
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In Vivo Nutritional Assessment of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Capacity of Its Functional Extracts. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050318. [PMID: 35621969 PMCID: PMC9147351 DOI: 10.3390/md20050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a microalga with interesting nutritional and functional value due to its high content of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. However, the hardness of its cell wall prevents accessibility to these components. This work aimed to study the effect of a treatment to increase the fragility of the cell wall on the bioavailability of its nutrients and functional compounds. The antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity of functional extracts from treated and untreated N. gaditana was assessed, and the profile of bioactive compounds was characterized. Furthermore, to study the effect of treatment on its nutrient availability and functional capacity, an in vivo experiment was carried out using a rat experimental model and a 20% dietary inclusion level of microalgae. Functional extracts from treated N. gaditana exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the untreated control. Furthermore, the treated microalga induced hypoglycemic action, higher nitrogen digestibility, and increased hepatic antioxidant activity. In conclusion, N. gaditana has interesting hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential, thus proving itself an ideal functional food candidate, especially if the microalga is treated to increase the fragility of its cell wall before consumption.
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Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: New Therapeutic Approaches for Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073592. [PMID: 35408952 PMCID: PMC8998739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a typical feature of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms or restenosis. Excessive inflammation is a key mechanism underlying vascular remodeling via the modulation of vascular fibrosis, phenotype and function. Recent evidence suggests that not only augmented inflammation but unresolved inflammation might also contribute to different aspects of vascular diseases. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that limit immune cell infiltration and initiate tissue repair mechanisms. SPMs (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins) are generated from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Synthases and receptors for SPMs were initially described in immune cells, but they are also present in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they regulate processes important for vascular physiology, such as EC activation and VSMC phenotype. Evidence from genetic models targeting SPM pathways and pharmacological supplementation with SPMs have demonstrated that these mediators may play a protective role against the development of vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis, aneurysms and restenosis. This review focuses on the latest advances in understanding the role of SPMs in vascular cells and their therapeutic effects in the vascular remodeling associated with different cardiovascular diseases.
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Imig JD, Cervenka L, Neckar J. Epoxylipids and soluble epoxide hydrolase in heart diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114866. [PMID: 34863976 PMCID: PMC8712413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and heart diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery endothelial and vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to progression of heart diseases such as arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and heart attacks. Classes of fatty acid epoxylipids and their enzymatic regulation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) have been implicated in coronary artery dysfunction, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in heart diseases. Likewise, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of epoxylipids have been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits for heart diseases. Increasing epoxylipids reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improve cardiac function. Beneficial actions for epoxylipids have been demonstrated in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury, electrical conductance abnormalities and arrhythmias, and ventricular tachycardia. This review discusses past and recent findings on the contribution of epoxylipids in heart diseases and the potential for their manipulation to treat heart attacks, arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Zhao D, Yang B, Ye C, Zhang S, Lv X, Chen Q. Enteral nutrition ameliorates the symptoms of Crohn's disease in mice via activating special pro-resolving mediators through innate lymphoid cells. Innate Immun 2021; 27:533-542. [PMID: 34791916 PMCID: PMC8762089 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211057038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease activates the inflammatory reactions to induce intestinal disorders. Enteral nutrition (EN) could exert general immunomodulatory effects. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery was utilized to establish Crohn's disease mice models. Survival analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem MS were applied. Baicalein was added to inhibit lipoxygenases. The survival rate was restored and inflammatory injury, exudate neutrophils in peritoneal lavage and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were ameliorated by EN treatment as compared with CLP treatment. EN also increased ILC-3 content, 5/15-LOX level and RvD1-RvD5 in peritoneal lavage. Baicalein reversed all the detected effects of EN except ILC-3 content. EN could activate special pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) through ILCs to mitigate injuries of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyi Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Lv
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyi Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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González-Bosch C, Boorman E, Zunszain PA, Mann GE. Short-chain fatty acids as modulators of redox signaling in health and disease. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102165. [PMID: 34662811 PMCID: PMC8577496 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by colonic bacteria and obtained from the diet, have been linked to beneficial effects on human health associated with their metabolic and signaling properties. Their physiological functions are related to their aliphatic tail length and dependent on the activation of specific membrane receptors. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying SCFAs mediated protection against oxidative and mitochondrial stress and their role in regulating metabolic pathways in specific tissues. We critically evaluate the evidence for their cytoprotective roles in suppressing inflammation and carcinogenesis and the consequences of aging. The ability of these natural compounds to induce signaling pathways, involving nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), contributes to the maintenance of redox homeostasis under physiological conditions. SCFAs may thus serve as nutritional and therapeutic agents in healthy aging and in vascular and other diseases such as diabetes, neuropathologies and cancer. SCFAs are a link between the microbiota, redox signaling and host metabolism. SCFAs modulate Nrf2 redox signaling through specific free fatty acid receptors. Butyrate induces epigenetic regulation and/or Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Butyrate and propionate protect the blood-brain barrier by facilitating docosahexaenoic acid transport. Regulation of redox homeostasis by SCFAs supports their potential as therapeutic nutrients in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Bosch
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA/CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emily Boorman
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
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21
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Shati AA, El-Kott AF. Resolvin D1 protects against cadmium chloride-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats: A comparison with docosahexaenoic acid. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S215-S232. [PMID: 34405727 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211038739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intoxication with cadmium (Cd) ions leads to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment. However, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegeneration. PURPOSE This study compared the neuroprotective effect of the n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and its downstream metabolite, resolvin D1 (RVD1), on hippocampal damage and memory deficits in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-treated rats. RESEARCH DESIGN Control or CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated rats were subdivided into three groups (n = 18/each) and treated for 6 weeks as follows: (1) fed control diet, (2) fed DHA-rich diets (0.7 g/100 g), or (3) treated with RVD1 (0.2 μg/kg, i.p). RESULTS Treatment with a DHA-rich diet or RVD1 significantly increased the levels of docosahexaenoic acid and RVD1, respectively, in the hippocampal of CdCl2-treated rats without affecting the reduction in the expression of the 15-lipooxygenase-1 (ALOX15). These effects were associated with improvements in rats' memory function and hippocampal structure, as well as a redction in the hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear localization of the nuclear factor-kappa beta p65 (NF-κB p65), and expression of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, hippocampi of both groups of rats showed significantly higher levels of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as enhanced nuclear levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). The effects of RVD1 on all these markers in the CdCl2-induced rats were more profound than those of DHA. Also, the increase in the nuclear protein levels of Nrf-2 and the decrease in the levels of Bax and nuclear protein levels of NF-κB p65 were only seen in the hippocampal of CdCl2 + RVD1-treated rats. CONCLUSION RVD1 is more powerful than DHA in preventing CdCl2-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, 48144King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, 48144King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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22
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Prostaglandin E2, 9S-, 13S-HODE and resolvin D1 are strongly associated with the post-stroke cognitive impairment. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106576. [PMID: 34119645 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory derivatives of free fatty acids are involved in the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunctions. The study aim was to establish the influence of eicosanoids on the cognitive status of stroke patients. METHODS 73 stroke patients were prospectively evaluated towards the neuropsychological cognitive functions on the 7th day after stroke and after follow-up of 6 months. Eicosanoids levels were measured in all patients and compared to stroke-free controls (n = 30). RESULTS Prostaglandin E2 was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test on the 7th day after stroke. The level of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9S-HODE) was significantly higher in patients with cognitive dysfunctions in MOCA test compared to the others (group I mean ± SD: 0.040 ± 0.035 vs. group II: 0.0271 ± 0.016). In the initial neuropsychological assessment maresin 1-, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE were negatively correlated with California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and thus with cognitive functions, while in the follow-up examination negative correlations were identified for prostaglandin E2, meresin 1, leukotriene B4, 13S HODE, 9S-HODE; the only positive correlation was observed in 15S-HETE. Other neuropsychological tests showed a beneficial impact of resolvin D1 and a negative role of prostaglandin E2 was observed in the first examination and in the follow-up. Resolvin D1 and the group of all analyzed eicosanoids predict changes in cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Eicosanoids can play a role in the neuroinflammation. They can affect the cognitive status at the stroke onset and have a predictive value for post-stroke cognitive decline. Prostaglandin E2, 9S-, 13S-HODE and resolvin D1 are the most important inflammatory free fatty acid derivatives in the cognitive functions in stroke. Eicosanoids predict post-stroke cognitive functions.
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Tułowiecka N, Kotlęga D, Bohatyrewicz A, Szczuko M. Could Lipoxins Represent a New Standard in Ischemic Stroke Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084207. [PMID: 33921615 PMCID: PMC8074032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases including stroke are one of the most common causes of death. Their main cause is atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation in the body. An ischemic stroke may occur as a result of the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation. The inflammatory reaction produces chemical mediators that stimulate the resolution of inflammation. One of these mediators is lipoxins—pro-resolving mediators that are derived from the omega-6 fatty acid family, promoting inflammation relief and supporting tissue regeneration. Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available literature on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins in the context of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Articles published up to 31 January 2021 were included in the review. The literature was searched on the basis of PubMed and Embase in terms of the entries: ‘stroke and lipoxin’ and ‘stroke and atherosclerosis’, resulting in over 110 articles in total. Studies that were not in full-text English, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts were excluded. Results: In animal studies, the injection/administration of lipoxin A4 improved the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), decreased the volume of damage caused by ischemic stroke, and decreased brain edema. In addition, lipoxin A4 inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as interleukin (Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects were also observed after introducing the administration of lipoxin A4 analog—BML-111. BML-111 significantly reduces the size of a stroke and protects the cerebral cortex, possibly by reducing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, more potent than lipoxin A4, it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Lipoxins and their analogues may find application in reducing damage caused by stroke and improving the prognosis of patients after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tułowiecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kotlęga
- Department of Neurology, District Hospital, 67-200 Głogów, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Bohatyrewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4810; Fax: +48-91-441-4807
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Nutritional Importance of Selected Fresh Fishes, Shrimps and Mollusks to Meet Compliance with Nutritional Guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA Intake in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020465. [PMID: 33573205 PMCID: PMC7911951 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishery products are the main source of dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Following the European Commission’s request to address the risks and benefits of seafood consumption, and taking into account the great variability of nutrient and contaminant levels in fishery products, the present work aims to estimate the n-3 LC-PUFA provided per serving of selected fishes, shrimps and mollusks that are commonly consumed in Spain. This would enable the establishment of a risk–benefit analysis of fish consumption and provide recommendations for fish intake to comply with nutritional guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA intake. We confirmed high variation in the pattern and contents of fatty acids for different species. n-6 PUFA were minor fatty acids, whereas palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), and mainly eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids were the major fatty acids in the sample. Therefore, consumption of 2–3 servings per week of a variety of fishery products may contribute to compliance with the recommended daily n-3 LC-PUFA intake while maintaining an adequate balance to avoid contaminant-derived potential risks (metals and others). Taking the fatty acid content of fishery products described in this study into consideration, it is advisable to include one serving of fatty fish per week in order to meet recommended n-3 LC-PUFA levels.
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