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Kotrba J, Dudeck A. Mast cells: The Janus of type 2 inflammation. Immunity 2024; 57:1182-1184. [PMID: 38865961 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are effectors in type 2 immunity, well known for their detrimental roles in allergy. In this issue of Immunity, Alhallak et al. now identify a protective role of MCs against exacerbated immune responses mediated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-driven soluble ST2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kotrba
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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2
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Friedel J, Pierre S, Kolbinger A, Schäufele TJ, Aliraj B, Weigert A, Scholich K. Mast cell-derived interleukin-4 mediates activation of dendritic cell during toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353922. [PMID: 38745645 PMCID: PMC11091258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During an innate inflammation, immune cells form distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around pathogen-containing core-regions. Mast cells are localized in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment during the resolution of an innate inflammation, suggesting antiinflammatory roles of these cells. Methods High-content imaging was used to investigated mast cell-dependent changes in the regional distribution of immune cells during an inflammation, induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 agonist zymosan. Results The distance between the zymosan-containing core-region and the anti-inflammatory region, described by M2-like macrophages, increased in mast cell-deficient mice. Absence of mast cells abolished dendritic cell (DC) activation, as determined by CD86-expression and localized the DCs in greater distance to zymosan particles. The CD86- DCs had a higher expression of the pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12/23p40 as compared to activated CD86+ DCs. IL-4 administration restored CD86 expression, cytokine expression profile and localization of the DCs in mast cell-deficient mice. The IL-4 effects were mast cell-specific, since IL-4 reduction by eosinophil depletion did not affect activation of DCs. Discussion We found that mast cells induce DC activation selectively at the site of inflammation and thereby determine their localization within the inflammation. Overall, mast cells have antiinflammatory functions in this inflammation model and limit the size of the pro-inflammatory region surrounding the zymosan-containing core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschua Friedel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Kolbinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schäufele
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Blerina Aliraj
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Zhang Y, Lu Q. Immune cells in skin inflammation, wound healing, and skin cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:852-865. [PMID: 37718697 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the self-evident importance of cutaneous immunity in the maintenance of body-surface homeostasis, disturbance of the steady-state skin is inextricably intertwined with dysfunction in cutaneous immunity. It is often overlooked by people that skin, well-known as a solid physical barrier, is also a strong immunological barrier, considering the abundant presence of immune cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. What's more, humoral immune components including cytokines, immunoglobulins, and antimicrobial peptides are also rich in the skin. This review centers on skin inflammation (acute and chronic, infection and aseptic inflammation), wound healing, and skin cancer to elucidate the elaborate network of immune cells in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
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Lombardo GP, Miller A, Aragona M, Messina E, Fumia A, Kuciel M, Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Lauriano ER. Immunohistochemical Characterization of Langerhans Cells in the Skin of Three Amphibian Species. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38666822 PMCID: PMC11048468 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The amphibian taxon includes three orders that present different morphological characteristics: Anura, Caudata, and Apoda. Their skin has a crucial role: it acts as an immune organ constituting a physical, chemical, immunological, and microbiological barrier to pathogen insult and conducts essential physiological processes. Amphibians have developed specialized features to protect the vulnerable skin barrier, including a glandular network beneath the skin surface that can produce antimicrobial and toxic substances, thus contributing to the defense against pathogens and predators. This study aims to characterize Langerhans cells in the skin of Lithobates catesbeianus (order: Anura; Shaw, 1802), Amphiuma means (order: Caudata; Garden, 1821), and Typhlonectes natans (order: Apoda; Fischer, 1880) with the following antibodies: Langerin/CD207 (c-type lectin), Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)II, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 (expressed by different types of DCs). Our results showed Langerhans cells positive for Langerin CD/207 in the epidermis of the three species; moreover, some antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the connective tissue expressed TLR2 and MHCII. The distribution of the Langerhans cells is very similar in the three amphibians examined, despite their different habitats. A greater knowledge of the amphibian immune system could be useful to better understand the phylogeny of vertebrates and to safeguard amphibians from population declines. Furthermore, the similarities between amphibians' and human skin concerning immunological features may be useful in both biology and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pia Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.P.L.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.P.L.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michał Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Jagellonian University, Kopernika 15, 30-501 Krakòw, Poland;
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.P.L.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.P.L.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.P.L.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
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Kim JE, Budluang P, Park J, Lee KH, Pakdeepromma S, Kaewpiboon C, Kang HY, Hwang DY, Chung YH. N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine, derived from garlic, and its derivative alleviate 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6776. [PMID: 38514712 PMCID: PMC10958003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the intricate etiology and pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the complete cure of AD remains challenging. This study aimed to investigate if topically applying N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine (BMDA), derived from garlic, and its derivative [decyl-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-methyl-1-amine] (DMMA) could effectively alleviate AD-like skin lesions in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated mice. Administering these compounds to the irritated skin of DNCB-treated mice significantly reduced swelling, rash, and excoriation severity, alongside a corresponding decrease in inflamed epidermis and dermis. Moreover, they inhibited spleen and lymph node enlargement and showed fewer infiltrated mast cells in the epidermis and dermis through toluidine-blue staining. Additionally, they led to a lower IgE titer in mouse sera as determined by ELISA, compared to vehicle treatment. Analyzing skin tissue from the mice revealed decreased transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), IL-4, iNOS, and COX-2, compared to control mice. Simultaneously, the compounds impeded the activation of inflammation-related signaling molecules such as JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in the mouse skin. In summary, these findings suggest that BMDA and DMMA hold the potential to be developed as a novel treatment for healing inflammatory AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Ho Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Yang C, Peng X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Feng M, Tian Y, Zhang J, Cen S, Li Z, Dai X, Jing Z, Shi X. Umbilical therapy for promoting transdermal delivery of topical formulations: Enhanced effect and underlying mechanism. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123834. [PMID: 38262583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Umbilical paste therapy is a promising method to promote transdermal drug delivery of topical formulations. This work investigated the effect and mechanism of transdermal drug delivery through the umbilical skin. The transdermal permeation studies showed the phenomenon of higher cumulative penetration and faster penetration rates for drug through the umbilical skin compared with non-umbilical skin, namely umbilical pro-permeability. This special transdermal permeability of drugs is influenced by their molecular weight, logP value, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and molecular volume. The underlying mechanism of umbilical pro-permeability was elucidated from unique structure and regulation the effect of drugs on microcirculation in the umbilical skin. Mechanistic studies revealed that this phenomenon was not only associated with the structural and physiological properties of the skin but also to the interactions between drugs and different skin layers. The umbilical pro-permeation is attributed to the thinner stratum corneum layer, differences in stratum corneum lipid composition and keratin structure, and lower levels of intercellular tight junction proteins in the viable epidermis and dermis layer of the skin. Our research indicated that umbilical paste therapy enhanced the transdermal delivery and absorption of drugs by stimulating local blood flow through mast cell activation. Surprisingly, skin temperature modulation and calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P levels did not appear to significantly affect this process. In conclusion, umbilical drug administration, as a straightforward and non-invasive approach to enhance transdermal drug delivery, presents novel concepts for continued investigation and practical implementation of transdermal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanshuang Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - MinFang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenlong Jing
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China.
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7
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Jia T, Che D, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou T, Peng B, Du X, Zhu L, An J, Geng S. Mast Cells Initiate Type 2 Inflammation through Tryptase Released by MRGPRX2/MRGPRB2 Activation in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:53-62.e2. [PMID: 37482287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 inflammation as the core pathogenic mechanism. MRGPRX2 plays a key role in nonhistamine allergies and neuroimmune mechanisms in chronic inflammatory dermatitis. However, the role of MRGPRX2 in AD and the development of type 2 inflammation is not yet clear. This study aimed to define the role of MRGPRX2 in type 2 inflammation development and cytokine release in AD by determining its levels in patients with AD and healthy controls. Furthermore, MrgprB2-conditional knockout (MrgprB2-/-) and wild-type mice were used to construct an MC903-induced AD mouse model to observe skin inflammation and cytokine release. Tryptase and its antagonist were applied separately to MrgprB2-/- mice with AD and wild-type mice with AD to confirm the role of the MRGPRB2-tryptase axis in the development of type 2 inflammation in AD. We found that AD severity and type 2 cytokine levels were not associated with IgE levels but were associated with MRGPRX2/MRGPRB2 expression. MrgprB2-/- mice with AD showed milder phenotypes and inflammatory infiltration in the skin than wild-type mice with AD. Tryptase released by MRGPRX2/MRGPRB2 activation is involved in the release of type 2 cytokines, which contributes to inflammatory development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueshan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longfei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingang An
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Metz M, Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Siebenhaar F, Levi-Schaffer F, Youngblood BA, Church MK, Maurer M. Mast cell silencing: A novel therapeutic approach for urticaria and other mast cell-mediated diseases. Allergy 2024; 79:37-51. [PMID: 37605867 DOI: 10.1111/all.15850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a mast cell (MC)-dependent disease with limited therapeutic options. Current management strategies are directed at inhibiting IgE-mediated activation of MCs and antagonizing effects of released mediators. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of CU and other MC diseases and mechanisms of MC activation-including multiple activating receptors and ligands, diverse signaling pathways, and a menagerie of mediators-strategies of MC depletion or MC silencing (i.e., inhibition of MC activation via binding of inhibitory receptors) have been developed to overcome limitations of singularly targeted agents. MC silencers, such as agonist monoclonal antibodies that engage inhibitory receptors (e.g., sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin8 -[Siglec-8] [lirentelimab/AK002], Siglec-6 [AK006], and CD200R [LY3454738]), have reached preclinical and clinical stages of development. In this review, we (1) describe the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of CU, highlighting similarities with other MC diseases in disease mechanisms and response to treatment; (2) explore current therapeutic strategies, categorized by nonspecific immunosuppression, targeted inhibition of MC activation or mediators, and targeted modulation of MC activity; and (3) introduce the concept of MC silencing as an emerging strategy that could selectively block activation of MCs without eliciting or exacerbating on- or off-target, immunosuppressive adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Martin K Church
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
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Du X, Che D, Peng B, Zheng Y, Hao Y, Jia T, Zhang X, Geng S. Dual effect of tacrolimus on mast cell-mediated allergy and inflammation through Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:128-137. [PMID: 37953179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical tacrolimus, although widely used in the treatment of dermatoses, presents with an immediate irritation on initial application resembling a pseudo-allergic reaction. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) in mast cells (MCs) mediates drug-induced pseudo-allergic reaction and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pruritis in chronic skin diseases. However, the immunosuppression mechanism of tacrolimus on MCs via MRGPRX2 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of MRGPRX2 and the mechanism of action of tacrolimus on its short-term and long-term applications. METHODS Wild-type mice, KitW-sh/W-sh mice, and MrgprB2-deficient (MUT) mice were used to study the effect of tacrolimus on in vivo anaphylaxis model. LAD2 cells and MRGPRX2-knockdown LAD2 cells were specifically used to derive the associated mechanism of the tacrolimus effect. RESULTS Short-term application of tacrolimus triggers IgE-independent activation of MCs via MRGPRX2/B2 in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Tacrolimus binds to MRGPRX2, which was verified by fluorescently labeled tacrolimus in cells. On long-term treatment with tacrolimus, the initial allergic reaction fades away corresponding with the downregulation of MRGPRX2, which leads to decreased release of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with tacrolimus induces pseudo-allergic reaction via MRGPRX2/B2 in MCs, whereas long-term treatment downregulates expression of MRGPRX2/B2, which may contribute to its potent immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China.
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Jia R, Kayastha S, Lin J. Two Cases of Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne with an Acupuncture-Debridement Microsurgical Technique and Review of the Literature. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3213-3220. [PMID: 38021419 PMCID: PMC10640834 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s435967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous glands. Microsurgical acupuncture and debridement technique is one of the most precise and effective external treatment for acne. We introduce successful treatment of two cases of moderate to severe acne with this technique and describe the characteristics and mechanism of the technique in detail. We innovatively put forward a series of technical schemes including minimally invasive debridement, key points in operation and combined medication in the microsurgical therapeutic technique of acupuncture and debridement. It provides a practical reference for the simple and effective therapeutic technique to be applied to the clinical treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchuan Jia
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sushupti Kayastha
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Ezema CA, Okagu IU, Ezeorba TPC. Escaping the enemy's bullets: an update on how malaria parasites evade host immune response. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07868-6. [PMID: 37219610 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to cause untold hardship to inhabitants of malaria-endemic regions, causing significant morbidity and mortality that severely impact global health and the economy. Considering the complex life cycle of malaria parasites (MPs) and malaria biology, continued research efforts are ongoing to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases. Female Anopheles mosquito injects MPs into its hosts during a blood meal, and MPs invade the host skin and the hepatocytes without causing any serious symptoms. Symptomatic infections occur only during the erythrocytic stage. In most cases, the host's innate immunity (for malaria-naïve individuals) and adaptive immunity (for pre-exposed individuals) mount severe attacks and destroy most MPs. It is increasingly understood that MPs have developed several mechanisms to escape from the host's immune destruction. This review presents recent knowledge on how the host's immune system destroys invading MPs as well as MPs survival or host immune evasion mechanisms. On the invasion of host cells, MPs release molecules that bind to cell surface receptors to reprogram the host in a way to lose the capacity to destroy them. MPs also hide from the host immune cells by inducing the clustering of both infected and uninfected erythrocytes (rosettes), as well as inducing endothelial activation. We hope this review will inspire more research to provide a complete understanding of malaria biology and promote interventions to eradicate the notorious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonso Anthony Ezema
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Division of Soft Matter, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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12
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Lefrançois J, Sauvé F, Benoit-Biancamano MO, Dallaire A, Bernardi de Souza L. Bilateral mastocytic and fibroblastic nodular proliferative dermatosis affecting ear margins in three domestic cats. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:142-146. [PMID: 36397673 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This case series describes the clinical appearance, histopathological findings and therapeutic trials of proliferative nodular lesions on bilateral ear margins of three domestic cats including two littermates. All therapeutic trials were unsuccessful. While the aetiology remains unclear, this report highlights different hypotheses in presenting this unusual inflammatory and fibroblastic dermatosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lefrançois
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sicotte Saint Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sicotte Saint Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sicotte St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Dallaire
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sicotte St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucilene Bernardi de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sicotte Saint Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Alibardi L. Immunolocalization of
CD3
,
CD5
and
MHCII
in amputated tail and limb of the lizard
Podarcis muralis
marks a scarring healing program. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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14
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Yu WL, Park JY, Park HJ, Kim SN. Changes of local microenvironment and systemic immunity after acupuncture stimulation during inflammation: A literature review of animal studies. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1086195. [PMID: 36712435 PMCID: PMC9875056 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1086195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the underlying mechanisms by which acupuncture therapy mediates both local and systemic immunomodulation. However, the connection between alterations in the local microenvironment and the resulting change in systemic immunity remains unclear. In this review, we focus on cell-specific changes in local immune responses following acupuncture stimulation and their link to systemic immune modulation. We have gathered the most recent evidence for chemo- and mechano-reactive changes in endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells in response to acupuncture. Local signaling is then related to the activation of systemic neuro-immunity including the cholinergic, adrenal, and splenic nervous systems and pain-related neuromodulation. This review aims to serve as a reference for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lien Yu
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Seung-Nam Kim ✉
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15
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Treating allergies via skin - Recent advances in cutaneous allergen immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114458. [PMID: 35850371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy has been practiced clinically for decades to treat airborne allergies. Recently, the cutaneous route, which exploits the immunocompetence of the skin has received attention, which is evident from attempts to use it to treat peanut allergy. Delivery of allergens into the skin is inherently impeded by the barrier imposed by stratum corneum, the top layer of the skin. While the stratum corneum barrier must be overcome for efficient allergen delivery, excessive disruption of this layer can predispose to development of allergic inflammation. Thus, the most desirable allergen delivery approach must provide a balance between the level of skin disruption and the amount of allergen delivered. Such an approach should aim to achieve high allergen delivery efficiency across various skin types independent of age and ethnicity, and optimize variables such as safety profile, allergen dosage, treatment frequency, application time and patient compliance. The ability to precisely quantify the amount of allergen being delivered into the skin is crucial since it can allow for allergen dose optimization and can promote consistency and reproducibility in treatment response. In this work we review prominent cutaneous delivery approaches, and offer a perspective on further improvisation in cutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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16
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Chopra A, Gupta A. Skin as an immune organ and the site of biomimetic, non-invasive vaccination. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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The combined use of photobiomodulation and curcumin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles significantly improved wound healing in diabetic rats compared to either treatment alone. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3601-3611. [PMID: 36053389 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This experimental study examined the effects of curcumin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (CUR), photobiomodulation (PBM), and CUR + PBM treatments on mast cells (MC)s numbers and degranulation, inflammatory cells (macrophages, neutrophils), and wound strength in the last step of the diabetic wound repair process (maturation phase) in a rat model of type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM). T1DM was induced in 24 rats, and 1 month later, an excisional wound was created on each rat's back skin. The rats were then distributed into four groups: (1) untreated diabetic control group (UDCG); (2) rats treated with CUR (CUR); (3) rats exposed to PBM (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.2 J/cm2) (PBM); (4) rats treated with CUR plus PBM (CUR + PBM). Fifteen days after surgery, skin tissue samples were taken for biomechanical and stereological evaluations. The biomechanical factor of maximum force was observed to be considerably improved in the CUR + PBM (p = 0.000), PBM (p = 0.014), and CUR (p = 0.003) groups compared to the UDCG. CUR + PBM, PBM, and CUR groups had significantly decreased total numbers of MC compared with the UDCG (all, p = 0.001). The results were significantly better in the CUR + PBM (p = 0.000) and PBM (p = 0.003) groups than in the CUR group. Inflammatory cell counts were significantly lower in the CUR + PBM, PBM, and CUR groups than in the UDCG (all, p = 0.0001). In all evaluating methods, the usage of CUR + PBM produced better results than the use of CUR or PBM alone (almost all tests, p = 0.0001). CUR + PBM, PBM, and CUR significantly improved the repair of diabetic skin wounds in type 1 DM rats through significant decreases of MC number, degranulation, and inflammatory cells as well as a noteworthy improvement in wound strength. The impact of CUR + PBM was superior to that of either PBM or CUR alone. It is suggested that CUR + PBM could be used as a MC stabilizer for the effective treatment of some related human diseases.
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18
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An Overview of the Latest Metabolomics Studies on Atopic Eczema with New Directions for Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158791. [PMID: 35955924 PMCID: PMC9368995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic eczema (AE) is an inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 20% of children worldwide and early onset can lead to asthma and allergies. Currently, the mechanisms of the disease are not fully understood. Metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules in the skin produced by the host and microbes, opens a window to observe the mechanisms of the disease which then may lead to new drug targets for AE treatment. Here, we review the latest advances in AE metabolomics, highlighting both the lipid and non-lipid molecules, along with reviewing the metabolites currently known to reside in the skin.
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19
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Ud-Din S, Bayat A. Controlling Inflammation Pre-Emptively or at the Time of Cutaneous Injury Optimises Outcome of Skin Scarring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883239. [PMID: 35711461 PMCID: PMC9197255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an active role during the wound healing process. There is a direct association between the extent of injury as well as inflammation and the amount of subsequent cutaneous scarring. Evidence to date demonstrates that high levels of inflammation are associated with excessive dermal scarring and formation of abnormal pathological scars such as keloids and hypertrophic scars. In view of the multiple important cell types being involved in the inflammatory process and their influence on the extent of scar formation, many scar therapies should aim to target these cells in order to control inflammation and by association help improve scar outcome. However, most current treatment strategies for the management of a newly formed skin scar often adopt a watch-and-wait approach prior to commencing targeted anti-inflammatory therapy. Moreover, most of these therapies have been evaluated in the remodelling phase of wound healing and the evaluation of anti-inflammatory treatments at earlier stages of healing have not been fully explored and remain limited. Taken together, in order to minimise the risk of developing a poor scar outcome, it is clear that adopting an early intervention prior to skin injury would be optimal, however, the concept of pre-emptively priming the skin prior to injury has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the available literature regarding scar therapies that aim to target inflammation which are commenced prior to when a scar is formed or immediately after injury, with a particular focus on the role of pre-emptive priming of skin prior to injury in order to control inflammation for the prevention of poor scarring outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council - South Africa (MRC-SA) Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Amer AA, Mohammed RS, Hussein Y, Ali ASM, Khalil AA. Development of Lepidium sativum Extracts/PVA Electrospun Nanofibers as Wound Healing Dressing. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20683-20695. [PMID: 35755335 PMCID: PMC9218980 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium sativum L. (Garden cress/Hab El Rashad) (Ls), family Brassicaceae, has considerable importance in traditional medicine worldwide because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ls fruits were used in Ayurvedic medicines as a useful drug for injuries, skin, and eye diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the total ethanol extract (TEE) and polysaccharide (Poly) of Ls seeds loaded on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers (NFs) as a wound healing dressing and to correlate the activity with the constituents of each. TEE and Poly were phytochemically analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis proved the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and mucilage. Meanwhile, quantitative determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for TEE identified 15 phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds, with gallic acid and catechin as the majors. Separation, purification, and identification of the major compounds were achieved through a Puriflash system, column Sephadex LH20, and spectroscopic data (1H, 13C NMR, and UV). Eight compounds (gallic acid, catechin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, and kaempferol) were obtained. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis for Poly identified 11 compounds, with galactose being the main. The antioxidant activity for both extracts was measured by three different methods based on different mechanisms: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). TEE has the highest effectiveness as an antioxidant agent with IC50 82.6 ± 8.35 μg/mL for DPPH and 772.47 and 758.92 μM Trolox equivalent/mg extract for FRAP and ABTS, respectively. The PVA nanofibers (NFs) for each sample were fabricated by electrospinning. The fabricated NFs were characterized by SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the results revealed successful encapsulation of TEE and Poly in the prepared NFs. Moreover, the swelling index of TEE in the prepared NFs shows that it is the most appropriate for use as a wound dressing. Cytotoxicity studies indicated a high cell viability with IC50 216 μg/mL and 1750 μg/mL for TEE and Poly, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that nanofibers possess higher cell viability compared to solutions with the same sample quantities: 9-folds for TEE and 4-folds for Poly of amount 400 μg. The in vitro wound healing test showed that the TEE nanofibers performed better than Poly nanofibers in accelerating wound healing, with 90% for TEE, more than that for the Poly extract (82%), after 48 h. These findings implied that the incorporation of TEE in PVA nanofibers was more efficient than incorporation of Poly in improving the biological activity in wound healing. In conclusion, the TEE and polysaccharides of L. sativum L seed are ideal candidates for nanofibrous wound dressings. Furthermore, the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids in TEE, which have potential antioxidant activity, make the TEE of L. sativum more favorable for wound healing dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. Amer
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Reda S. Mohammed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmein Hussein
- Nanotechnology
Research Center (NTRC), The British University
in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouk, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. M. Ali
- Nanotechnology
Research Center (NTRC), The British University
in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouk, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Department
of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 13355, Germany
| | - Ashraf A. Khalil
- Institute
of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, City of Scientific Research & Technology Applications, Borg Elarab, Alexandria 5220211, Egypt
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21
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Lamiable O, Brewerton M, Ronchese F. IL-13 in dermal type-2 dendritic cell specialization: from function to therapeutic targeting. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1047-1057. [PMID: 35652857 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skin functions as a barrier protecting the host against physical, thermal, chemical changes and microbial insults. The skin is populated by several immune cell types which are crucial to host defence and to maintain self-tolerance as well as equilibrium with beneficial microbiota. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are antigen-presenting cells that patrol the skin and all other non-lymphoid tissues for self or foreign antigens, then migrate to draining lymph nodes to initiate T cell responses. This review article describes recent developments on skin cDC specialization, focusing on the role of IL-13, a cytokine essential to allergic immune responses that is also secreted at steady state by type-2 innate lymphoid cells in healthy skin and is required for dermal cDC differentiation. Furthermore, we contextualize how different therapeutics that block IL-13 signaling and were recently approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis might affect cDCs in human skin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lamiable
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Maia Brewerton
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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22
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Zhou B, Li J, Liu R, Zhu L, Peng C. The Role of Crosstalk of Immune Cells in Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879754. [PMID: 35711438 PMCID: PMC9193815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as recurrent episodes of spontaneous wheal development and/or angioedema for more than six weeks and at least twice a week. The core link in the pathogenesis of CSU is the activation of mast cells, T cells, eosinophils, and other immune cells infiltrating around the small venules of the lesion. Increased vascular permeability, vasodilatation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells directly depend on mast cell mediators’ release. Complex regulatory systems tightly influence the critical roles of mast cells in the local microenvironment. The bias toward Th2 inflammation and autoantibodies derived from B cells, histamine expressed by basophils, and initiation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway by eosinophils or monocytes exerts powerful modulatory influences on mast cells. Cell-to-cell interactions between mast cells and eosinophils/T cells also are regulators of their function and may involve CSU’s pathomechanism. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge regarding the crosstalk between mast cells and other immune cells, providing the impetus to develop new research concepts and treatment strategies for CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Peng,
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23
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Cabaço LC, Tomás A, Pojo M, Barral DC. The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887366. [PMID: 35619912 PMCID: PMC9128548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide and are increasingly prevalent. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is characterized by the malignant transformation of melanocytes in the epidermis. Although CM shows lower incidence than other skin cancers, it is the most aggressive and responsible for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Indeed, 75% of patients present with invasive or metastatic tumors, even after surgical excision. In CM, the photoprotective pigment melanin, which is produced by melanocytes, plays a central role in the pathology of the disease. Melanin absorbs ultraviolet radiation and scavenges reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) resulting from the radiation exposure. However, the scavenged ROS/RNS modify melanin and lead to the induction of signature DNA damage in CM cells, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, which are known to promote CM immortalization and carcinogenesis. Despite triggering the malignant transformation of melanocytes and promoting initial tumor growth, the presence of melanin inside CM cells is described to negatively regulate their invasiveness by increasing cell stiffness and reducing elasticity. Emerging evidence also indicates that melanin secreted from CM cells is required for the immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment. Indeed, melanin transforms dermal fibroblasts in cancer-associated fibroblasts, suppresses the immune system and promotes tumor angiogenesis, thus sustaining CM progression and metastasis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of melanin secretion in CM aggressiveness and the molecular machinery involved, as well as the impact in tumor microenvironment and immune responses. A better understanding of this role and the molecular players involved could enable the modulation of melanin secretion to become a therapeutic strategy to impair CM invasion and metastasis and, hence, reduce the burden of CM-associated deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C Cabaço
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomás
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Honda T, Keith YH. Novel Insights Into the Immune-Regulatory Functions of Mast Cells in the Cutaneous Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898419. [PMID: 35634300 PMCID: PMC9134104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a frontline organ that is continuously exposed to external stimuli, including pathogens. Various immune cells reside in the skin under physiological conditions and protect the body from the entry of pathogens/antigens by interacting with each other and orchestrating diverse cutaneous immune responses. To avoid unnecessary inflammation and tissue damage during the elimination of external pathogens and antigens, skin possesses regulatory systems that fine-tune these immune reactions. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the skin-resident immune cell populations that play both effector and regulatory functions in the cutaneous immune response. So far, the interleukin-10-mediated mechanisms have mostly been investigated as the regulatory mechanisms of MCs. Recent studies have elucidated other regulatory mechanisms of MCs, such as the maintenance of regulatory T/B cells and the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1-mediated inhibitory pathway. These regulatory pathways of MCs have been suggested to play important roles in limiting the excessive inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases, such as contact and atopic dermatitis. The regulatory functions of MCs may also be involved in the escape mechanisms of antitumor responses in skin cancers, such as melanoma. Understanding and controlling the regulatory functions of skin MCs may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Honda,
| | - Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Zhu Y, Duan S, Wang M, Deng Z, Li J. Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906755. [PMID: 35646918 PMCID: PMC9130600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
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Martin M. Mast Cells: When the Best Defense Is an Attack? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073570. [PMID: 35408929 PMCID: PMC8998320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this Special Issue was to highlight the recent advances made on the role of mast cells (MCs) in host defense and pathology [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Martin
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- ARADyAL (Asthma, Drug Adverse Reactions and Allergy) Research Network, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Luo X, Chen J, Yang H, Hu X, Alphonse MP, Shen Y, Kawakami Y, Zhou X, Tu W, Kawakami T, Wan M, Archer NK, Wang H, Gao P. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor drives atopic dermatitis by modulating oxidized CaMKII-involved mast cell activation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152559. [PMID: 35113811 PMCID: PMC8983143 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens have been identified as potential triggers in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). AD patients are highly sensitive to cockroach allergen. The underlying mechanism, however, remains undetermined. Here, we established a cockroach allergen-induced AD-like mouse model and demonstrated that repeated exposure to cockroach allergen led to aggravated mouse skin inflammation, characterized by increased type 2 immunity, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and mast cells. Increased skin mast cells were also observed in AD patients. AD mice with mast cell-deficient mice (kitW-sh/W-sh) showed diminished skin inflammation, suggesting that mast cells are required in allergen-induced skin inflammation. Furthermore, dendritic cell immuno-receptor (DCIR) is up-regulated in skin mast cells of AD patients and mediates allergen binding and uptake. DCIR-/- mice or reconstituted kitW-sh/W-sh mice with DCIR-/- mast cells showed a significant reduction in AD-like inflammation. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that DCIR-/- mast cells had reduced IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, DCIR regulates allergen-induced IgE-mediated mast cell ROS generation and oxidation of calmodulin kinase II (ox-CaMKII). ROS-resistant CaMKII (MM-VVδ) prevents allergen-induced mast cell activation and inflammatory mediator release. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized DCIR-ROS-CaMKII axis that controls allergen-induced mast cell activation and AD-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Luo
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Shen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Mei Wan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Hua Wang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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M1 Polarized Macrophages Persist in Skin of Post-Bariatric Patients after 2 Years. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:287-296. [PMID: 34750657 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered a condition of systemic chronic inflammation. Under this condition, adipose tissue macrophages switch from an M2 (anti-inflammatory) activation pattern to an M1 (proinflammatory) activation pattern. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to verify the profile of skin macrophage activation after bariatric surgery as well as the role of MMP-1 in extracellular tissue remodeling. METHODS This is a prospective, controlled and comparative study with 20 individuals split into two groups according to their skin condition: post-bariatric and eutrophic patients. Histological and morphometric analyses based on hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red (collagen), orcein (elastic fiber systems), and alcian blue (mast cells)-stained sections and immunohistochemical analysis (CD68, iNOS, and mannose receptor) for macrophages and metalloproteinase-1 were performed. RESULTS Post-bariatric skin showed an increase in inflammation, angiogenesis, CD68, M1 macrophages (P< 0.001), and mast cells (P< 0.01); a decrease in M2 macrophages (P< 0.01); and a significant decrease in the collagen fiber network (P< 0.001). MMP-1 was increased in the papillary dermis of post-bariatric skin and decreased in the epidermis compared to eutrophic skin (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that post-bariatric skin maintains inflammatory characteristics for two years. Mast cells and M1 macrophages maintain and enhance the remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix initiated during obesity in part due to the presence of MMP-1 in the papillary dermis. EBM LEVEL IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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29
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Chen Y, Yang YP, Qiu F, Wang YJ, Fan YM. Immunophenotyping comparison of inflammatory cells between Malassezia folliculitis and pityriasis versicolor lesions. Med Mycol 2021; 60:6427365. [PMID: 34791431 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunophenotyping of inflammatory dermal infiltrates in Malassezia folliculitis (MF) and pityriasis versicolor (PV) lesions is less reported. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 21 MF lesions, 10 PV lesions, and 10 control skin. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+, and CD117+ cells were increased in MF compared with PV and normal skin (P < 0.01-0.05), while CD3+, CD4+, and CD20+ cells were higher in PV than in normal skin (P < 0.05). Dermal CD1a+ cells were higher only in PV (P < 0.05). Although both cellular and humoral immune responses are involved in pathogenesis of MF and PV, their difference may contribute to clinicopathological discrepancy between two disorders. LAY SUMMARY Malassezia folliculitis and pityriasis versicolor are common Malassezia-induced superficial mycoses. Their clinicopathological discrepancy may be due to the difference of cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yan-Ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
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Kim YJ, Granstein RD. Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the skin, and other physiological and pathophysiological functions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100361. [PMID: 34746878 PMCID: PMC8551410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin immunity is regulated by many mediator molecules. One is the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP has roles in regulating the function of components of the immune system including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mast cells (MCs). Herein we discuss actions of CGRP in mediating inflammatory and vascular effects in various cutaneous models and disorders. CGRP can help to recruit immune cells through endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CGRP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation. Functions of many components in the immune system are influenced by CGRP. CGRP regulates various inflammatory processes in human skin by affecting different cell-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Richard D Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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31
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Eliasse Y, Leveque E, Garidou L, Battut L, McKenzie B, Nocera T, Redoules D, Espinosa E. IL-17 + Mast Cell/T Helper Cell Axis in the Early Stages of Acne. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740540. [PMID: 34650562 PMCID: PMC8506309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is a multifactorial disease driven by physiological changes occurring during puberty in the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) that leads to sebum overproduction and a dysbiosis involving notably Cutibacterium acnes. These changes in the PSU microenvironment lead to a shift from a homeostatic to an inflammatory state. Indeed, immunohistochemical analyses have revealed that inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration can be detected even in the infraclinical acneic stages, highlighting the importance of the early stages of the disease. In this study, we utilized a robust multi-pronged approach that included flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and bioinformatics to comprehensively characterize the evolution of the infiltrating and resident immune cell populations in acneic lesions, beginning in the early stages of their development. Using a discovery cohort of 15 patients, we demonstrated that the composition of immune cell infiltrate is highly dynamic in nature, with the relative abundance of different cell types changing significantly as a function of clinical lesion stage. Within the stages examined, we identified a large population of CD69+ CD4+ T cells, several populations of activated antigen presenting cells, and activated mast cells producing IL-17. IL-17+ mast cells were preferentially located in CD4+ T cell rich areas and we showed that activated CD4+ T cells license mast cells to produce IL-17. Our study reveals that mast cells are the main IL-17 producers in the early stage of acne, underlying the importance of targeting the IL-17+ mast cell/T helper cell axis in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Eliasse
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Edouard Leveque
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucile Garidou
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Battut
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Brienne McKenzie
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thérèse Nocera
- Clinical Evaluation Center, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.,Dermatology Department, University Hospital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Redoules
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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