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Franco C, Giannella A, Gasparotto M, Zanatta E, Ghirardello A, Pettorossi F, Rahmè Z, Depascale R, Ragno D, Bevilacqua G, Bellis E, Iaccarino L, Doria A, Ceolotto G, Gatto M. Circulating extracellular vesicles and small non-coding RNAs cargo in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies reveal differences across myositis subsets. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103255. [PMID: 38788539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epigenetic footprint of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) through characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the expression of EV-derived small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from plasma of patients with IIM and age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD). EV-derived sncRNAs were sequenced and quantified using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Following quality control and normalization, filtered count reads were used for differential microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) expression analyses. Putative gene targets enriched for pathways implicated in IIM were analyzed. Patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of sampling were recorded. RESULTS Forty-seven IIM patients and 45 HD were enrolled. MiR-486-5p (p < 0.01), miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-32-5p were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05 for all), while miR-142-3p (p < 0.001), miR-141-3p (p < 0.01), let-7a-5p (p < 0.05) and miR-3613-5p (p < 0.05) downregulated in EVs from IIM patients versus HD. MiR-486-5p was associated with raised muscle enzymes levels. Several target genes of up/downregulated miRNAs in IIM participate in inflammation, necroptosis, interferon and immune signaling. Six piRNAs were significantly dysregulated in IIM EVs versus HD (p < 0.05). Within IIM, miR-335-5p was selectively upregulated and miR-27a-5p downregulated in dermatomyositis (n = 21, p < 0.01). Finally, plasma EV levels were significantly increased in cancer-associated myositis (CAM, n = 12) versus non-CAM IIM (n = 35, p = 0.02) and HD (p < 0.01). EVs cargo in CAM was significantly enriched of let-7f-5p and depleted of miR-143-3p. CONCLUSION Through an unbiased screening of EV-derived sncRNAs, we characterize miRNAs and piRNAs in the EVs cargo as potential biomarkers and modifiers of diverse IIM phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Franco
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giannella
- Division of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Michela Gasparotto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federico Pettorossi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Zahrà Rahmè
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Roberto Depascale
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Davide Ragno
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gioele Bevilacqua
- Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Bellis
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AO Mauriziano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Doria
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ceolotto
- Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AO Mauriziano, Turin, Italy.
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Cui L, Zheng J, Lu Y, Lin P, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Xu R, Mai Z, Guo B, Zhao X. New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38610017 PMCID: PMC11015696 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key tools for non-invasive diagnostics, playing a crucial role in the early detection and monitoring of diseases. These EVs surpass whole saliva in biomarker detection due to their enhanced stability, which minimizes contamination and enzymatic degradation. The review comprehensively discusses methods for isolating, enriching, quantifying, and characterizing salivary EVs. It highlights their importance as biomarkers in oral diseases like periodontitis and oral cancer, and underscores their potential in monitoring systemic conditions. Furthermore, the review explores the therapeutic possibilities of salivary EVs, particularly in personalized medicine through engineered EVs for targeted drug delivery. The discussion also covers the current challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the potential of salivary EVs in advancing clinical practice and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
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Wu J, Liu G, Jia R, Guo J. Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17328. [PMID: 38139157 PMCID: PMC10743646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, as bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied. There are abundant studies in the literature on their biogenesis, secretion, structure, and content, and their roles in pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles have been reviewed as biomarkers for use in diagnostic tools. Saliva contains many extracellular vesicles, and compared with other body fluids, it is easier to obtain in a non-invasive way, making its acquisition more easily accepted by patients. In recent years, there have been numerous new studies investigating the role of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. These studies have significant implications for future clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize and review the potential applications of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and we also describe their other functions (e.g., hemostasis, innate immune defense) in both oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Gege Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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He W, Lu Y, Shi R, An Q, Zhao J, Gao X, Zhang L, Ma D. Application of omics in Sjögren's syndrome. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2089-2109. [PMID: 37878024 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) face many challenges, and there is an urgent need to develop new technologies to improve our understanding of SS. METHODS By searching the literature published domestically and internationally in the past 20 years, this artical reviewed the research of various omics techniques in SS. RESULTS Omics technology provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, condition and efficacy evaluation of SS. It is helpful to reveal the pathogenesis of the disease and explore new treatment schemes, which will open a new era for the study of SS. CONCLUSION At present, omics research has made some gratifying achievements, but there are still many uncertainties. Therefore, in the future, we should improve research techniques, standardize the collection of samples, and adopt a combination of multi-omics techniques to jointly study the pathogenesis of SS and provide new schemes for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin He
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongjing Shi
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinnan Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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5
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Ferrant J, Pontis A, Zimmermann F, Dingli F, Poullet P, Loew D, Tarte K, Dumontet E. Phenotypic and proteomic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles highlights them as potential biomarkers of primary Sjögren syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207545. [PMID: 37529039 PMCID: PMC10388367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the exocrine gland epithelia, causing a dryness of mucosa called sicca symptoms, and whose main life-threatening complication is lymphoma. There is a need for new biomarkers in this disease, notably diagnostic biomarkers for patients with genuine sicca symptoms that do not meet current criteria, and prognostic biomarkers for patients at risk of lymphoma. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarker candidates in several diseases, but their potential has not yet been explored in SjS. In this proof-of-concept study, we characterized EVs from primary SjS patients (pSS, n=12) at the phenotypic and proteomic levels, compared to EVs from healthy donor (HD, n=8) and systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE, n=12). Specific plasma EVs subpopulations, derived from neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells, were found increased in pSS. We also identified a pSS proteomic signature in plasma EVs, including neutrophil-, epithelial-, and endothelial-related proteins, such as integrin alpha M (ITGAM), olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), Ras-related protein RAB10, and CD36. Overall, our results support the relevance of plasma EVs as biomarkers in SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ferrant
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Adeline Pontis
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Zimmermann
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, Mines Paris Tech, Bioinformatics core facility (CUBIC), Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Dumontet
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
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6
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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Katsiougiannis S, Stergiopoulos A, Moustaka K, Havaki S, Samiotaki M, Stamatakis G, Tenta R, Skopouli FN. Salivary gland epithelial cell in Sjögren's syndrome: Metabolic shift and altered mitochondrial morphology toward an innate immune cell function. J Autoimmun 2023; 136:103014. [PMID: 36898185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) are the main targets of the autoimmune reactivity in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study aimed to investigate the core proteomic differences between SS and Control- (Ct) -derived SGEC. Proteome analysis of cultured SGEC from five SS patients and four Ct was performed in a label-free quantitation format (LFQ). Electron microscopy was applied for analysis of the mitochondrial ultrastructure of SGEC in minor salivary gland sections from six SS patients and four Ct. Four hundred seventy-four proteins were identified differentially abundant in SS- compared to Ct-SGEC. After proteomic analysis, two distinct protein expression patterns were revealed. Gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis of each protein block revealed that the cluster with highly abundant proteins in SS-SGEC showed enrichment in pathways associated with membrane trafficking, exosome-mediated transport and exocytosis as well as innate immunity related mainly to neutrophil degranulation. In contrast, the low abundance protein cluster in SS-SGEC was enriched for proteins regulating the translational process of proteins related to metabolic pathways associated to mitochondria. Electron microscopy showed decreased total number of mitochondria in SS-SGEC, which appeared elongated and swollen with less and abnormal cristae compared to Ct-SGEC mitochondria. This study defines, for the first time, the core proteomic differences of SGEC between SS and Ct, substantiates the metamorphosis of SGEC into an innate immune cell and reveals that these cells are translationally shifted towards metabolism rewiring. These metabolic alterations are related mainly to mitochondria and are mirrored in situ with heavy morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katsiougiannis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - A Stergiopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - K Moustaka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - S Havaki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Samiotaki
- Institute for Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - G Stamatakis
- Institute for Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - R Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - F N Skopouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Euroclinic of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Raggi F, Bartolucci M, Cangelosi D, Rossi C, Pelassa S, Trincianti C, Petretto A, Filocamo G, Civino A, Eva A, Ravelli A, Consolaro A, Bosco MC. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients reveals novel immunopathogenic biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134747. [PMID: 37205098 PMCID: PMC10186353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction New early low-invasive biomarkers are demanded for the management of Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (OJIA), the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease in Western countries and a leading cause of disability. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of OJIA pathophysiology is essential for identifying new biomarkers for earlier disease diagnosis and patient stratification and to guide targeted therapeutic intervention. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in biological fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive approach to elucidate adult arthritis pathogenic mechanisms and identify new biomarkers. However, EV-prot expression and potential as biomarkers in OJIA have not been explored. This study represents the first detailed longitudinal characterization of the EV-proteome in OJIA patients. Methods Fourty-five OJIA patients were recruited at disease onset and followed up for 24 months, and protein expression profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in EVs isolated from plasma (PL) and synovial fluid (SF) samples. Results We first compared the EV-proteome of SF vs paired PL and identified a panel of EV-prots whose expression was significantly deregulated in SF. Interaction network and GO enrichment analyses performed on deregulated EV-prots through STRING database and ShinyGO webserver revealed enrichment in processes related to cartilage/bone metabolism and inflammation, suggesting their role in OJIA pathogenesis and potential value as early molecular indicators of OJIA development. Comparative analysis of the EV-proteome in PL and SF from OJIA patients vs PL from age/gender-matched control children was then carried out. We detected altered expression of a panel of EV-prots able to differentiate new-onset OJIA patients from control children, potentially representing a disease-associated signature measurable at both the systemic and local levels with diagnostic potential. Deregulated EV-prots were significantly associated with biological processes related to innate immunity, antigen processing and presentation, and cytoskeleton organization. Finally, we ran WGCNA on the SF- and PL-derived EV-prot datasets and identified a few EV-prot modules associated with different clinical parameters stratifying OJIA patients in distinct subgroups. Discussion These data provide novel mechanistic insights into OJIA pathophysiology and an important contribution in the search of new candidate molecular biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Trincianti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Adele Civino
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Ospedale “Vito Fazzi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ravelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Consolaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Carla Bosco,
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Komuro H, Aminova S, Lauro K, Harada M. Advances of engineered extracellular vesicles-based therapeutics strategy. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:655-681. [PMID: 36277506 PMCID: PMC9586594 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-bound vesicles which encapsulate bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They mediate intercellular communication through transporting internally packaged molecules, making them attractive therapeutics carriers. Over the last decades, a significant amount of research has implied the potential of EVs servings as drug delivery vehicles for nuclear acids, proteins, and small molecular drugs. However, several challenges remain unresolved before the clinical application of EV-based therapeutics, including lack of specificity, stability, biodistribution, storage, large-scale manufacturing, and the comprehensive analysis of EV composition. Technical development is essential to overcome these issues and enhance the pre-clinical therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the current advancements in EV engineering which demonstrate their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Komuro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shakhlo Aminova
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Lauro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Masako Harada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Peck AB, Ambrus JL. A Temporal Comparative RNA Transcriptome Profile of the Annexin Gene Family in the Salivary versus Lacrimal Glands of the Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11709. [PMID: 36233010 PMCID: PMC9570365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A generally accepted hypothesis for the initial activation of an immune or autoimmune response argues that alarmins are released from injured, dying and/or activated immune cells, and these products complex with receptors that activate signal transduction pathways and recruit immune cells to the site of injury where the recruited cells are stimulated to initiate immune and/or cellular repair responses. While there are multiple diverse families of alarmins such as interleukins (IL), heat-shock proteins (HSP), Toll-like receptors (TLR), plus individual molecular entities such as Galectin-3, Calreticulin, Thymosin, alpha-Defensin-1, RAGE, and Interferon-1, one phylogenetically conserved family are the Annexin proteins known to promote an extensive range of biomolecular and cellular products that can directly and indirectly regulate inflammation and immune activities. For the present report, we examined the temporal expression profiles of the 12 mammalian annexin genes (Anxa1-11 and Anxa13), applying our temporal genome-wide transcriptome analyses of ex vivo salivary and lacrimal glands from our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human autoimmune disease characterized primarily by severe dry mouth and dry eye symptoms. Results indicate that annexin genes Anax1-7 and -11 exhibited upregulated expressions and the initial timing for these upregulations occurred as early as 8 weeks of age and prior to any covert signs of a SS-like disease. While the profiles of the two glands were similar, they were not identical, suggesting the possibility that the SS-like disease may not be uniform in the two glands. Nevertheless, this early pre-clinical and concomitant upregulated expression of this specific set of alarmins within the immune-targeted organs represents a potential target for identifying the pre-clinical stage in human SS as well, a fact that would clearly impact future interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Sarrand J, Baglione L, Parisis D, Soyfoo M. The Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105671. [PMID: 35628481 PMCID: PMC9145074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands, primarily the salivary and lachrymal glands. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the glandular tissues, ultimately leading to their dysfunction and destruction. Besides classic dry eyes and dry mouth defined as sicca syndrome, patients affected by the disease also typically display symptoms such as fatigue, pain and in more than 50% of cases, systemic manifestations such as arthritis, interstitial lung involvement, neurological involvement and an increased risk of lymphoma. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SS still remain elusive. The crucial role of innate immunity has been advocated in recent years regarding the pathogenesis of pSS, especially in the initiation and progression toward autoimmunity. Alarmins are endogenous molecules that belong to the large family of damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Alarmins are rapidly released, ensuing cell injury and interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as toll-like receptors (TLR) to recruit and activate cells of the innate immune system and to promote adaptive immunity responses. This review highlights the current knowledge of various alarmins and their role in the pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sarrand
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Laurie Baglione
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Dorian Parisis
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Soyfoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Anastasi F, Dilillo M, Pellegrini D, McDonnell LA. Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Serum Small Extracellular Vesicles for Individual Subject Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2504:41-54. [PMID: 35467278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2341-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics characterization of blood and circulating material has been extensively explored for the study of pathological states. In particular, circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEV, diameter: 30-150 nm) are known to play an important role in intercellular communication processes, and proteomics profiling has been explored to develop minimally invasive assays for disease monitoring and diagnosis. Due to the genetic and physiological similarities between the two species, and also on account of their shorter life span and rapid disease progression, rodent models are the most commonly used animal model for many human diseases. Such models have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms of disease progression, candidate drug efficacy, therapy monitoring, and biomarkers research.Longitudinal investigations, in which individuals are monitored over periods of time, are more able to resolve molecular changes during disease progression because they circumvent the inter-individual variation. Longitudinal investigations of rodent models are challenging because of the limited amount of blood that can be withdrawn at each time; the American Association of Veterinary Science stipulates that fortnightly sampling should be limited to a maximum of 10% of the total blood volume. For adult mice this corresponds to approximately 75 μL of serum. We developed an approach for the isolation and characterization of serum sEV proteins from just 50 μL of serum, for longitudinal studies of disease mouse models. This chapter describes in detail the steps and considerations involved in the sEV isolation, morphological characterization, and proteome profiling by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Anastasi
- NEST Laboratories, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Davide Pellegrini
- NEST Laboratories, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Pisa, Italy
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Jia SY, Zhang YL, Sun XY, Yuan C, Zheng SG. Impact of the Glycemic Level on the Salivary Proteome of Middle-Aged and Elderly People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:790091. [PMID: 34957219 PMCID: PMC8703016 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.790091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing global public health concern, but its impact on the salivary proteome is still unclear. To evaluate the effect of glycemic levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals with T2DM on salivary proteomics, we compared the differences by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Unstimulated whole saliva samples from 8 T2DM patients with good glycemic control (G group, HbA1c <6.5%) and 16 patients with poor control (P group, HbA1c ≥6.5%) were analyzed by LC–MS/MS in the data-independent acquisition mode (Clinical register number: ChiCTR1900023582.). After functional annotation, cluster analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were carried out to screen and evaluate candidate proteins. A total of 5,721 proteins were quantified, while 40 proteins differed significantly. In the P group, proteins involved in oxidative stress-related processes were upregulated, whereas proteins related to salivary secretion were downregulated. The combination of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17, zymogen granule protein 16B, and FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule D yielded an area under the curve of 0.917 which showed a robust ability to distinguish the P and G groups. In conclusion, poorly controlled hyperglycemia may affect salivary proteins through various pathways, including oxidative stress and glandular secretion. Furthermore, the differentially expressed proteins, especially the three proteins with the best differentiation, might serve as an anchor point for the further study of hyperglycemia and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan Jia
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ling Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Guo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Salivary Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Roles in Oral and Esophageal Protection: Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212221. [PMID: 34830103 PMCID: PMC8624312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva is a complex body fluid with more than 3000 different identified proteins. Besides rheological and lubricating properties, saliva supports wound healing and acts as an antimicrobial barrier. TFF peptides are secreted from the mucous acini of the major and minor salivary glands and are typical constituents of normal saliva; TFF3 being the predominant peptide compared with TFF1 and TFF2. Only TFF3 is easily detectable by Western blotting. It occurs in two forms, a disulfide-linked homodimer (Mr: 13k) and a high-molecular-mass heterodimer with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). TFF peptides are secretory lectins known for their protective effects in mucous epithelia; the TFF3 dimer probably has wound-healing properties due to its weak motogenic effect. There are multiple indications that FCGBP and TFF3-FCGBP play a key role in the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia. In addition, homodimeric TFF3 interacts in vitro with the salivary agglutinin DMBT1gp340. Here, the protective roles of TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1gp340 in saliva are discussed. TFF peptides are also used to reduce radiotherapy- or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Thus, TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1gp340 are promising candidates for better formulations of artificial saliva, particularly improving wound healing and antimicrobial effects even in the esophagus.
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