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Cappetta E, De Palma M, D’Alessandro R, Aiello A, Romano R, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Paolo D, Locatelli F, Sparvoli F, Docimo T, Tucci M. Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913374. [PMID: 35845700 PMCID: PMC9285897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective tools for the sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients and natural substances with reduced environmental footprints can help mitigate the dramatic scenario of climate change. Plant cell cultures-based biorefineries can be a technological advancement to face this challenge and offer a potentially unlimited availability of natural substances, in a standardized composition and devoid of the seasonal variability of cultivated plants. Monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are attracting considerable attention as supplements for biodegradable plastics, bio-additives for the cosmetic industry, and bio-lubricants. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) callus cultures accumulate fatty acids and polyphenols and are therefore suitable for large-scale production of biochemicals and valuable compounds, as well as biofuel precursors. With the aim of boosting their potential uses, we designed a biotechnological approach to increase oleic acid content through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated metabolic engineering. Bioinformatic data mining in the C. cardunculus transcriptome allowed the selection and molecular characterization of SAD (stearic acid desaturase) and FAD2.2 (fatty acid desaturase) genes, coding for key enzymes in oleic and linoleic acid formation, as targets for metabolic engineering. A total of 22 and 27 fast-growing independent CcSAD overexpressing (OE) and CcFAD2.2 RNAi knocked out (KO) transgenic lines were obtained. Further characterization of five independent transgenic lines for each construct demonstrated that, successfully, SAD overexpression increased linoleic acid content, e.g., to 42.5%, of the relative fatty acid content, in the CcSADOE6 line compared with 30.4% in the wild type (WT), whereas FAD2.2 silencing reduced linoleic acid in favor of the accumulation of its precursor, oleic acid, e.g., to almost 57% of the relative fatty acid content in the CcFAD2.2KO2 line with respect to 17.7% in the WT. Moreover, CcSADOE6 and CcFAD2.2KO2 were also characterized by a significant increase in total polyphenolic content up to about 4.7 and 4.1 mg/g DW as compared with 2.7 mg/g DW in the WT, mainly due to the accumulation of dicaffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acids. These results pose the basis for the effective creation of an engineered cardoon cells-based biorefinery accumulating high levels of valuable compounds from primary and specialized metabolism to meet the industrial demand for renewable and sustainable sources of innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Alessandro
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
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D’Alessandro R, Docimo T, Graziani G, D’Amelia V, De Palma M, Cappetta E, Tucci M. Abiotic Stresses Elicitation Potentiates the Productiveness of Cardoon Calli as Bio-Factories for Specialized Metabolites Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061041. [PMID: 35739938 PMCID: PMC9219710 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var altilis) is a Mediterranean traditional food crop. It is adapted to xerothermic conditions and also grows in marginal lands, producing a large biomass rich in phenolic bioactive metabolites and has therefore received attention for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and innovative materials applications. Cardoon cell cultures can be used for the biotechnological production of valuable molecules in accordance with the principles of cellular agriculture. In the current study, we developed an elicitation strategy on leaf-derived cardoon calli for boosting the production of bioactive extracts for cosmetics. We tested elicitation conditions that trigger hyper-accumulation of bioactive phenolic metabolites without compromising calli growth through the application of chilling and salt stresses. We monitored changes in growth, polyphenol accumulation, and antioxidant capability, along with transcriptional variations of key chlorogenic acid and flavonoids biosynthetic genes. At moderate stress intensity and duration (14 days at 50–100 mM NaCl) salt exerted the best eliciting effect by stimulating total phenols and antioxidant power without impairing growth. Hydroalcoholic extracts from elicited cardoon calli with optimal growth and bioactive metabolite accumulation were demonstrated to lack cytotoxicity by MTT assay and were able to stimulate pro-collagen and aquaporin production in dermal cells. In conclusion, we propose a “natural” elicitation system that can be easily and safely employed to boost bioactive metabolite accumulation in cardoon cell cultures and also in pilot-scale cell culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa D’Alessandro
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-9223
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo D’Amelia
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (V.D.); (M.D.P.); (E.C.); (M.T.)
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Oliviero M, Langellotti AL, Russo GL, Baselice M, Donadio A, Ritieni A, Graziani G, Masi P. Use of Different Organic Carbon Sources in Cynara cardunculus Cells: Effects on Biomass Productivity and Secondary Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:701. [PMID: 35270171 PMCID: PMC8912832 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus (Asteraceae family) is a perennial plant native to Mediterranean regions. This plant represents a source of high-value compounds, such as polyphenols and fatty acids that have several industrial applications. However, in vitro plant cell cultures can represent a valid alternative to in-field cultivation and facilitate the extraction of metabolites of commercial interest. Generally, sucrose is the main sugar used for plant cell cultures, but other carbon sources can be considered. Here, we investigated the potential use of alternative organic carbon sources, such as galactose, maltose, glucose, glycerol, fructose, lactose, and starch, for the cultivation of C. cardunculus cells. Moreover, cardoon cells were collected, and an extraction of polyphenols and oils was performed to study the effects of different carbon sources on the production of bioactive molecules. This study provided evidence that cardoon cell growth can be supported by carbon sources other than sucrose. However, the carbon source inducing optimum growth, did not necessarily induce the highest production of high-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oliviero
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Luca Langellotti
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Giovanni L. Russo
- Unit of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Marco Baselice
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Andrea Donadio
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Masi
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (P.M.)
- Unit of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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