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Wang H, Li X, Shi P, You X, Zhao G. Establishment and evaluation of on-chip intestinal barrier biosystems based on microfluidic techniques. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101079. [PMID: 38774450 PMCID: PMC11107260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a booming engineering technology, the microfluidic chip has been widely applied for replicating the complexity of human intestinal micro-physiological ecosystems in vitro. Biosensors, 3D imaging, and multi-omics have been applied to engineer more sophisticated intestinal barrier-on-chip platforms, allowing the improved monitoring of physiological processes and enhancing chip performance. In this review, we report cutting-edge advances in the microfluidic techniques applied for the establishment and evaluation of intestinal barrier platforms. We discuss different design principles and microfabrication strategies for the establishment of microfluidic gut barrier models in vitro. Further, we comprehensively cover the complex cell types (e.g., epithelium, intestinal organoids, endothelium, microbes, and immune cells) and controllable extracellular microenvironment parameters (e.g., oxygen gradient, peristalsis, bioflow, and gut-organ axis) used to recapitulate the main structural and functional complexity of gut barriers. We also present the current multidisciplinary technologies and indicators used for evaluating the morphological structure and barrier integrity of established gut barrier models in vitro. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives for accelerating the broader applications of these platforms in disease simulation, drug development, and personalized medicine. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive guide for the development and evaluation of microfluidic-based gut barrier platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyan You
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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Lee EB, Lee K. Woodfordia fruticosa fermented with lactic acid bacteria impact on foodborne pathogens adhesion and cytokine production in HT-29 cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346909. [PMID: 38751719 PMCID: PMC11094545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study into the interplay between foodborne pathogens and human health, particularly their effects on intestinal cells, is crucial. The importance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in promoting a healthy balance of gut microbiota, inhibiting harmful bacteria, and supporting overall gastrointestinal health is becoming more apparent. Methods Our study delved into the impact of fermenting Woodfordia fruticosa (WF), a plant known for its antimicrobial properties against gastrointestinal pathogens, with LAB. We focused on the influence of this fermentation process on the binding of foodborne pathogens to the gut lining and cytokine production, aiming to enhance gut health and control foodborne infections in HT-29 cells. Results and discussion Post-fermentation, the WF exhibited improved antimicrobial effects when combined with different LAB strains. Remarkably, the LAB-fermented WF (WFLC) substantially decreased the attachment of pathogens such as L. monocytogenes (6.87% ± 0.33%) and V. parahaemolyticus (6.07% ± 0.50%) in comparison to the unfermented control. Furthermore, WFLC was found to upregulate IL-6 production in the presence of pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 (10.6%) and L. monocytogenes (19%), suggesting it may activate immune responses. Thus, LAB-fermented WF emerges as a potential novel strategy for fighting foodborne pathogens, although additional studies are warranted to thoroughly elucidate WF's phytochemical profile and its contribution to these beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wang H, Kim R, Wang Y, Furtado KL, Sims CE, Tamayo R, Allbritton NL. In vitro co-culture of Clostridium scindens with primary human colonic epithelium protects the epithelium against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382389. [PMID: 38681959 PMCID: PMC11045926 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic network of interactions exists between human gastrointestinal epithelium and intestinal microbiota. Therefore, comprehending intestinal microbe-epithelial cell interactions is critical for the understanding and treatment of intestinal diseases. Primary human colonic epithelial cells derived from a healthy human donor were co-cultured with Clostridium scindens (C. scindens), a probiotic obligate anaerobe; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a facultative anaerobe and intestinal pathogen; or both bacterial species in tandem. The co-culture hanging basket platform used for these experiments possessed walls of controlled oxygen (O2) permeability to support the formation of an O2 gradient across the intestinal epithelium using cellular O2 consumption, resulting in an anaerobic luminal and aerobic basal compartment. Both the colonic epithelial cells and C. scindens remained viable over 48 h during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with S. aureus elicited significant damage to colonic epithelial cells within 24 h. To explore the influence of the intestinal pathogen on the epithelium in the presence of the probiotic bacteria, colonic epithelial cells were inoculated sequentially with the two bacterial species. Under these conditions, C. scindens was capable of repressing the production of S. aureus enterotoxin. Surprisingly, although C. scindens converted cholic acid to secondary bile acids in the luminal medium, the growth of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited. Nevertheless, this combination of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria was found to benefit the survival of the colonic epithelial cells compared with co-culture of the epithelial cells with S. aureus alone. This platform thus provides an easy-to-use and low-cost tool to study the interaction between intestinal bacteria and colonic cells in vitro to better understand the interplay of intestinal microbiota with human colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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Donkers JM, Wiese M, van den Broek TJ, Wierenga E, Agamennone V, Schuren F, van de Steeg E. A host-microbial metabolite interaction gut-on-a-chip model of the adult human intestine demonstrates beneficial effects upon inulin treatment of gut microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:18. [PMID: 38841408 PMCID: PMC11149092 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: The gut and its microbiome have a major impact on many aspects of health and are therefore also an attractive target for drug- or food-based therapies. Here, we report on the added value of combining a microbiome screening model, the i-screen, with fresh intestinal tissue explants in a microfluidic gut-on-a-chip model, the Intestinal Explant Barrier Chip (IEBC). Methods: Adult human gut microbiome (fecal pool of 6 healthy donors) was cultured anaerobically in the i-screen platform for 24 h, without and with exposure to 4 mg/mL inulin. The i-screen cell-free culture supernatant was subsequently applied to the luminal side of adult human colon tissue explants (n = 3 donors), fixed in the IEBC, for 24 h and effects were evaluated. Results: The supplementation of the media with inulin promoted the growth of Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Collinsella in the in vitro i-screen, and triggered an elevated production of butyrate by the microbiota. Human colon tissue exposed to inulin-treated i-screen cell-free culture supernatant or control i-screen cell-free culture supernatant with added short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) showed improved tissue barrier integrity measured by a 28.2%-34.2% reduction in FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4) leakage and 1.3 times lower transport of antipyrine. Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was reduced under these circumstances. Gene expression profiles confirmed these findings, but showed more profound effects for inulin-treated supernatant compared to SCFA-supplemented supernatant. Conclusion: The combination of i-screen and IEBC facilitates the study of complex intestinal processes such as host-microbial metabolite interaction and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Donkers
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Wiese
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J. van den Broek
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Esmée Wierenga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
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5
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Mergani A, Meurer M, Wiebe E, Dümmer K, Wirz K, Lehmann J, Brogden G, Schenke M, Künnemann K, Naim HY, Grassl GA, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Seeger B. Alteration of cholesterol content and oxygen level in intestinal organoids after infection with Staphylococcus aureus. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23279. [PMID: 37902583 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300799r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenicity elicited by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, one of the best-studied bacteria, in the intestine is not well understood. Recently, we demonstrated that S. aureus infection induces alterations in membrane composition that are associated with concomitant impairment of intestinal function. Here, we used two organoid models, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived intestinal organoids and colonic intestinal stem cell-derived intestinal organoids (colonoids), to examine how sterol metabolism and oxygen levels change in response to S. aureus infection. HPLC quantification showed differences in lipid homeostasis between infected and uninfected cells, characterized by a remarkable decrease in total cellular cholesterol. As the altered sterol metabolism is often due to oxidative stress response, we next examined intracellular and extracellular oxygen levels. Three different approaches to oxygen measurement were applied: (1) cell-penetrating nanoparticles to quantify intracellular oxygen content, (2) sensor plates to quantify extracellular oxygen content in the medium, and (3) a sensor foil system for oxygen distribution in organoid cultures. The data revealed significant intracellular and extracellular oxygen drop after infection in both intestinal organoid models as well as in Caco-2 cells, which even 48 h after elimination of extracellular bacteria, did not return to preinfection oxygen levels. In summary, we show alterations in sterol metabolism and intra- and extracellular hypoxia as a result of S. aureus infection. These results will help understand the cellular stress responses during sustained bacterial infections in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- AhmedElmontaser Mergani
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Wiebe
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Dümmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Wirz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Lehmann
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Schenke
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Künnemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Seeger
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Koziolek M, Augustijns P, Berger C, Cristofoletti R, Dahlgren D, Keemink J, Matsson P, McCartney F, Metzger M, Mezler M, Niessen J, Polli JE, Vertzoni M, Weitschies W, Dressman J. Challenges in Permeability Assessment for Oral Drug Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2397. [PMID: 37896157 PMCID: PMC10609725 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug permeation across the intestinal epithelium is a prerequisite for successful oral drug delivery. The increased interest in oral administration of peptides, as well as poorly soluble and poorly permeable compounds such as drugs for targeted protein degradation, have made permeability a key parameter in oral drug product development. This review describes the various in vitro, in silico and in vivo methodologies that are applied to determine drug permeability in the human gastrointestinal tract and identifies how they are applied in the different stages of drug development. The various methods used to predict, estimate or measure permeability values, ranging from in silico and in vitro methods all the way to studies in animals and humans, are discussed with regard to their advantages, limitations and applications. A special focus is put on novel techniques such as computational approaches, gut-on-chip models and human tissue-based models, where significant progress has been made in the last few years. In addition, the impact of permeability estimations on PK predictions in PBPK modeling, the degree to which excipients can affect drug permeability in clinical studies and the requirements for colonic drug absorption are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Drug Product Development, Development Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantin Berger
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden (J.N.)
| | - Janneke Keemink
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacology and SciLifeLab Gothenburg, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Fiona McCartney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Marco Metzger
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Mezler
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany;
| | - Janis Niessen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden (J.N.)
| | - James E. Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA;
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Yang W, Lipert M, Nofsinger R. Current screening, design, and delivery approaches to address low permeability of chemically synthesized modalities in drug discovery and early clinical development. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103685. [PMID: 37356613 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A drug's permeability across biological membranes is a key property associated with the successful development of an orally absorbed drug candidate. Although a variety of methods are available for predicting and assessing permeability, some are more preferred than others at specific stages of drug discovery and development across the pharmaceutical industry. Permeability measurements may be interpreted differently depending on the chosen method. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on the screening approaches and philosophy in permeability evaluation, from early drug discovery to early clinical development. Additionally, we review and discuss chemical design and drug delivery technologies that can be leveraged to overcome permeability challenges, which are increasingly being used with emerging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
| | - Maya Lipert
- Molecular Profiling and Drug Delivery, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yue NN, Zhang Y, Shi RY, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem cell-derived intestinal organoids: a novel modality for IBD. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:255. [PMID: 37479716 PMCID: PMC10362068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The organoids represent one of the greatest revolutions in the biomedical field in the past decade. This three-dimensional (3D) micro-organ cultured in vitro has a structure highly similar to that of the tissue and organ. Using the regeneration ability of stem cells, a 3D organ-like structure called intestinal organoids is established, which can mimic the characteristics of real intestinal organs, including morphology, function, and personalized response to specific stimuli. Here, we discuss current stem cell-based organ-like 3D intestinal models, including understanding the molecular pathophysiology, high-throughput screening drugs, drug efficacy testing, toxicological evaluation, and organ-based regeneration of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We summarize the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art reconstruction platforms for intestinal organoids. The challenges, advantages, and prospects of intestinal organs as an in vitro model system for precision medicine are also discussed. Key applications of stem cell-derived intestinal organoids. Intestinal organoids can be used to model infectious diseases, develop new treatments, drug screens, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Donkers JM, van der Vaart JI, van de Steeg E. Gut-on-a-Chip Research for Drug Development: Implications of Chip Design on Preclinical Oral Bioavailability or Intestinal Disease Studies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:226. [PMID: 37366821 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut plays a key role in drug absorption and metabolism of orally ingested drugs. Additionally, the characterization of intestinal disease processes is increasingly gaining more attention, as gut health is an important contributor to our overall health. The most recent innovation to study intestinal processes in vitro is the development of gut-on-a-chip (GOC) systems. Compared to conventional in vitro models, they offer more translational value, and many different GOC models have been presented over the past years. Herein, we reflect on the almost unlimited choices in designing and selecting a GOC for preclinical drug (or food) development research. Four components that largely influence the GOC design are highlighted, namely (1) the biological research questions, (2) chip fabrication and materials, (3) tissue engineering, and (4) the environmental and biochemical cues to add or measure in the GOC. Examples of GOC studies in the two major areas of preclinical intestinal research are presented: (1) intestinal absorption and metabolism to study the oral bioavailability of compounds, and (2) treatment-orientated research for intestinal diseases. The last section of this review presents an outlook on the limitations to overcome in order to accelerate preclinical GOC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Donkers
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie I van der Vaart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Ejaz S, Ali SMA, Zarif B, Shahid R, Ihsan A, Noor T, Imran M. Surface engineering of chitosan nanosystems and the impact of functionalized groups on the permeability of model drug across intestinal tissue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124777. [PMID: 37169055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface attributes of nanocarriers are crucial to determine their fate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Herein, we have functionalized chitosan with biochemical moieties including rhamnolipid (RL), curcumin (Cur) and mannose (M). FTIR spectra of functionalized chitosan nanocarriers (FCNCs) demonstrated successful conjugation of M, Cur and RL. The functional moieties influenced the entrapment of model drug i.e., coumarin-6 (C6) in FCNCs with payload-hosting and non-leaching behavior i.e., >91 ± 2.5 % with negligible cumulative release of <2 % for 5 h in KREB, which was further verified in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Consequently, substantial difference in the size and zeta potential was observed for FCNCs with different biochemical moieties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of FCNCs displayed well-dispersed and spherical morphology. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity results of FCNCs confirmed their hemocompatibility. In the ex-vivo rat intestinal models, FCNCs displayed a time-dependent-phenomenon in cellular-uptake and adherence. However, apparent-permeability-coefficient and flux values were in the order of C6-RL-FCNCs > C6-M-FCNCs > C6-Cur-FCNCs = C6-CNCs > Free-C6. Furthermore, the transepithelial electrical resistance revealed the FCNCs mediated recovery of membrane-integrity with reversible tight junctions opening. Thus, FCNCs have the potential to overcome the poor solubility and/or permeability issues of active pharmaceutical ingredients and transform the impact of functionalized-nanomedicines in the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Afroz Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bina Zarif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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11
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Qi Y, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhai Q. In vitro models to study human gut-microbiota interactions: Applications, advances, and limitations. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127336. [PMID: 36871313 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of the human gut help compensate for the limitations of animal models in studying the human gut-microbiota interaction and are indispensable in the clarification the mechanism of microbial action or in the high-throughput screening and functional evaluation of probiotics. The development of these models constitutes a rapidly developing field of research. From 2D1 to 3D2 and from simple to complex, several in vitro cell and tissue models have been developed and continuously improved. In this review, we categorized and summarized these models and described their development, applications, advances, and limitations by using specific examples. We also highlighted the best ways to select an appropriate in vitro model, and we also discussed which variables to consider when imitating microbial and human gut epithelial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Michael D, Kerry-Smith J, Webberley T, Murphy K, Plummer S, Parry L, Marchesi J. Does flow culture impact upon gut-probiotic interactions: A comparison with static culture. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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13
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Qi P, Lv J, Yan X, Bai L, Zhang L. Microfluidics: Insights into Intestinal Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1134. [PMID: 37317109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is a system involving the treatment or manipulation of microscale (10-9 to 10-18 L) fluids using microchannels (10 to 100 μm) contained on a microfluidic chip. Among the different methodologies used to study intestinal microorganisms, new methods based on microfluidic technology have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. The intestinal tracts of animals are populated by a vast array of microorganisms that have been established to play diverse functional roles beneficial to host physiology. This review is the first comprehensive coverage of the application of microfluidics technology in intestinal microbial research. In this review, we present a brief history of microfluidics technology and describe its applications in gut microbiome research, with a specific emphasis on the microfluidic technology-based intestine-on-a-chip, and also discuss the advantages and application prospects of microfluidic drug delivery systems in intestinal microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Morelli M, Kurek D, Ng CP, Queiroz K. Gut-on-a-Chip Models: Current and Future Perspectives for Host-Microbial Interactions Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020619. [PMID: 36831155 PMCID: PMC9953162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine contains the largest microbial community in the human body, the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence suggests that it plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. However, while many studies have found a correlation between certain diseases and changes in the microbiome, the impact of different microbial compositions on the gut and the mechanisms by which they contribute to disease are not well understood. Traditional pre-clinical models, such as cell culture or animal models, are limited in their ability to mimic the complexity of human physiology. New mechanistic models, such as organ-on-a-chip, are being developed to address this issue. These models provide a more accurate representation of human physiology and could help bridge the gap between clinical and pre-clinical studies. Gut-on-chip models allow researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of disease and the effect of different microbial compositions on the gut. They can help to move the field from correlation to causation and accelerate the development of new treatments for diseases associated with changes in the gut microbiome. This review will discuss current and future perspectives of gut-on-chip models to study host-microbial interactions.
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15
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Li G, Yao W, Yang W. The Gut-Organ-Axis Concept: Advances the Application of Gut-on-Chip Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044089. [PMID: 36835499 PMCID: PMC9962350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is considered to be a vital digestive organ to absorb nutrients and is the largest immune organ, while numerous microorganisms coexist with the host. It is well known that the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the host's immune system inevitably affect the function of other organs, creating an "axis" between them. During the past few years, a new technique based mainly on microfluidics and cell biology has been developed to emulate the structure, function, and microenvironment of the human gut, called the "gut-on-chip". This microfluidic chip provides insight into key aspects of gut function in health and disease, such as the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, gut-kidney axis, and gut-lung axis. In this review, we first describe the basic theory of the gut axis and the various composition and parameter monitoring of the gut microarray systems, as well as summarize the development and emerging advances in the gut-organ-on-chip, with a focus on the host-gut flora and nutrient metabolism, and highlight their role in pathophysiological studies. In addition, this paper discusses the challenges and prospects for the current development and further use of the gut-organ-on-chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pin Gong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13772196479
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16
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Wendner D, Schott T, Mayer E, Teichmann K. Beneficial Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Epithelial Barrier Integrity in an In Vitro Co-Culture Model of the Piglet Gut. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031026. [PMID: 36770693 PMCID: PMC9920886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial farming of livestock is increasingly focused on high productivity and performance. As a result, concerns are growing regarding the safety of food and feed, and the sustainability involved in their production. Therefore, research in areas such as animal health, welfare, and the effects of feed additives on animals is of significant importance. In this study, an in vitro co-culture model of the piglet gut was used to investigate the effects of two phytogenic feed additives (PFA) with similar compositions. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were co-cultivated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to model the complex porcine gut environment in vitro. The effects of treatments on epithelial barrier integrity were assessed by means of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the presence of an inflammatory challenge. Protective effects of PFA administration were observed, depending on treatment duration and the model compartment. After 48 h, TEER values were significantly increased by 12-13% when extracts of the PFA were applied to the basolateral compartment (p < 0.05; n = 4), while no significant effects on cell viability were observed. No significant differences in the activity of a PFA based mainly on pure chemical compounds versus a PFA based mainly on complex, natural essential oils, and extracts were found. Overall, the co-culture model was used successfully to investigate and demonstrate beneficial effects of PFAs on intestinal epithelial barrier function during an inflammatory challenge in vitro. In addition, it demonstrates that the two PFAs are equivalent in effect. This study provides useful insights for further research on porcine gut health status even without invasive in vivo trials.
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17
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Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Components from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031954. [PMID: 36768278 PMCID: PMC9916177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), an herbal medicine with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities, is effective in treatment of colitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, respiratory infections, and allergic diseases. This herbal medicine consists of major active substances, such as baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being the main types. IBD can lead to serious complications, such as increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common cancers worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for IBD, and its incidence has been increasing over the past few decades. This review comprehensively summarizes the efficacy of SBG in IBD and CRC and may serve as a reference for future research and development of drugs for IBD and cancer treatment.
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18
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Xian C, Zhang J, Zhao S, Li XG. Gut-on-a-chip for disease models. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314221149882. [PMID: 36699635 PMCID: PMC9869227 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221149882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a vital organ responsible for digestion and absorption in the human body and plays an essential role in pathogen invasion. Compared with other traditional models, gut-on-a-chip has many unique advantages, and thereby, it can be considered as a novel model for studying intestinal functions and diseases. Based on the chip design, we can replicate the in vivo microenvironment of the intestine and study the effects of individual variables on the experiment. In recent years, it has been used to study several diseases. To better mimic the intestinal microenvironment, the structure and function of gut-on-a-chip are constantly optimised and improved. Owing to the complexity of the disease mechanism, gut-on-a-chip can be used in conjunction with other organ chips. In this review, we summarise the human intestinal structure and function as well as the development and improvement of gut-on-a-chip. Finally, we present and discuss gut-on-a-chip applications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), viral infections and phenylketonuria. Further improvement of the simulation and high throughput of gut-on-a-chip and realisation of personalised treatments are the problems that should be solved for gut-on-a-chip as a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Xiang-Guang Li, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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19
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Elzinga J, Grouls M, Hooiveld GJEJ, van der Zande M, Smidt H, Bouwmeester H. Systematic comparison of transcriptomes of Caco-2 cells cultured under different cellular and physiological conditions. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:737-753. [PMID: 36680592 PMCID: PMC9862247 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for standardized in vitro models emulating the functionalities of the human intestinal tract to study human intestinal health without the use of laboratory animals. The Caco-2 cell line is a well-accepted and highly characterized intestinal barrier model, which has been intensively used to study intestinal (drug) transport, host-microbe interactions and chemical or drug toxicity. This cell line has been cultured in different in vitro models, ranging from simple static to complex dynamic microfluidic models. We aimed to investigate the effect of these different in vitro experimental variables on gene expression. To this end, we systematically collected and extracted data from studies in which transcriptome analyses were performed on Caco-2 cells grown on permeable membranes. A collection of 13 studies comprising 100 samples revealed a weak association of experimental variables with overall as well as individual gene expression. This can be explained by the large heterogeneity in cell culture practice, or the lack of adequate reporting thereof, as suggested by our systematic analysis of experimental parameters not included in the main analysis. Given the rapidly increasing use of in vitro cell culture models, including more advanced (micro) fluidic models, our analysis reinforces the need for improved, standardized reporting protocols. Additionally, our systematic analysis serves as a template for future comparative studies on in vitro transcriptome and other experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Elzinga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Menno Grouls
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Cosme D, Soares-da-Silva P, Magro F. Effect of Toll-like receptor-2, -4, -5, -7, and NOD2 stimulation on potassium channel conductance in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G410-G419. [PMID: 36040119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00139.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disproportionate activation of pattern recognition receptors plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. Diarrhea is a hallmark symptom of IBD, resulting at least in part from an electrolyte imbalance that may be caused by changes in potassium channel activity. We evaluated the impact of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) stimulation on potassium conductance of the basolateral membrane in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the role of potassium channels through electrophysiological assays under short-circuit current in Ussing chambers. TLRs and NOD2 were stimulated using specific agonists, and potassium channels were selectively blocked using triarylmethane-34 (TRAM-34), adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), and BaCl2. Potassium conductance of the basolateral membrane decreased upon activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 in T84 cells (means ± SE, -11.2 ± 4.5, -40.4 ± 7.2, and -19.4 ± 5.9, respectively) and in Caco-2 cells (-13.1 ± 5.7, -55.7 ± 7.4, and -29.1 ± 7.2, respectively). In contrast, activation of TLR5 and NOD2 increased basolateral potassium conductance, both in T84 cells (18.0 ± 4.1 and 18.4 ± 2.8, respectively) and in Caco-2 cells (21.2 ± 8.4 and 16.0 ± 3.6, respectively). TRAM-34 and AMP-PNP induced a decrease in basolateral potassium conductance upon TLR4 stimulation in both cell lines. Both KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels appear to be important mediators of this effect in IECs and could be potential targets for therapeutic agent development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights that PRRs stimulation directly influences K+-channel conductance in IECs. TLR-2, -4, -7 stimulation decreased K+ conductance, whereas TLR5 and NOD2 stimulation had the opposite effect, leading to an increase of it instead. This study reports for the first time that KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels play a role in K+ transport pathways triggered by TLR4 stimulation. These findings suggest that KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels modulation may be a potential target for new therapeutic agents in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Cosme
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, São João Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, São João Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Portuguese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Zhang W, Zhang S, Chen C, Liu N, Yang D, Wang P, Ren F. The internalization mechanisms and trafficking of the pea albumin in Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:111-119. [PMID: 35764167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pea albumin (PA) can reach the intestine in the active form because it is highly resistant to gastric acid and proteolytic enzymes after their oral intake, which can supply various bioactivities. However, there is no detailed knowledge of the intestinal cell uptake about PA. The aim of this work was to study the internalization mechanism and intracellular trafficking route of PA. The uptake of PA-cyanine 5.5 NHS ester (Cy5.5) was a time-dependent and concentration-dependent process in Caco-2 cells. Endocytosis inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques revealed that the internalization of PA-Cy5.5 was energy-dependent and mediated by caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, we observed colocalization of PA-Cy5.5 and its subcellular localization in Caco-2 cells by using confocal laser scanning microscopy, which revealed that the intracellular trafficking process of PA-Cy5.5 was related to endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosome. Interestingly, PA can alleviate lipopolysaccharide -induced ER stress, which may be the main reason why pea albumin is anti-inflammatory. Overall, our findings suggest caveolin may be critical for PA uptake in enterocytes and could contribute to explore the bioactivities mechanism of pea albumin in body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China..
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Inner Mongolia Caoyuanxinhe Technology Research Co. Ltd., Inner Mongolia 01500, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China..
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China..
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22
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Wang H, Chu F, Zhijie L, Bi Q, Lixin L, Zhuang Y, Xiaofeng Z, Niu X, Zhang D, Xi H, Li BA. MTBP enhances the activation of transcription factor ETS-1 and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985082. [PMID: 36106099 PMCID: PMC9464980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the oncoprotein murine double minute (MDM2) binding protein (MTBP) can be considered a pro-oncogene of human malignancies; however, its function and mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not clear. In the present work, our results demonstrate that MTBP could function as a co-activator of transcription factor E26 transformation-specific sequence (ETS-1), which plays an important role in HCC cell proliferation and/or metastasis and promotes proliferation of HCC cells. Using luciferase and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, MTBP was found to enhance the transcription factor activation of ETS-1. The results from chromatin co-immunoprecipitation showed that MTBP enhanced the recruitment of ETS-1 to its downstream gene’s (mmp1’s) promoter region with ETS-1 binding sites. In cellular and nude mice models, overexpression of MTBP was shown to promote the proliferation of MHCC97-L cells with low endogenous MTBP levels, whereas the knockdown of MTBP led to inhibition of the proliferation of MHCC97-H cells that possessed high endogenous levels of MTBP. The effect of MTBP on ETS-1 was confirmed in the clinical specimens; the expression of MTBP was positively correlated with the downstream genes of ETS-1, mmp3, mmp9, and uPA. Therefore, by establishing the role of MTBP as a novel co-activator of ETS-1, this work expands our knowledge of MTBP or ETS-1 and helps to provide new ideas concerning HCC-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chu
- Department of Emergency, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhijie
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Bi
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lixin
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Zhuang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Xiaofeng
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Xi
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-an Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo-an Li,
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Joshi A, Soni A, Acharya S. In vitro models and ex vivo systems used in inflammatory bowel disease. IN VITRO MODELS 2022. [PMID: 37519330 PMCID: PMC9036838 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal condition. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of inflammatory bowel disease. Over many decades, the disease has been a topic of study, with experts still trying to figure out its cause and pathology. Researchers have established many in vivo animal models, in vitro cell lines, and ex vivo systems to understand its cause ultimately and adequately identify a therapy. However, in vivo animal models cannot be regarded as good models for studying IBD since they cannot completely simulate the disease. Furthermore, because species differences are a crucial subject of concern, in vitro cell lines and ex vivo systems can be employed to recreate the condition properly. In vitro models serve as the starting point for biological and medical research. Ex vivo and in vitro models for replicating gut physiology have been developed. This review aims to present a clear understanding of several in vitro and ex vivo models of IBD and provide insights into their benefits and limits and their value in understanding intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Arun Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
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A Planar Culture Model of Human Absorptive Enterocytes Reveals Metformin Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Export. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:409-434. [PMID: 35489715 PMCID: PMC9305019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acid oxidation by absorptive enterocytes has been linked to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Caco-2 and organoids have been used to study dietary lipid-handling processes including fatty acid oxidation, but are limited in physiological relevance or preclude simultaneous apical and basal access. Here, we developed a high-throughput planar human absorptive enterocyte monolayer system for investigating lipid handling, and then evaluated the role of fatty acid oxidation in fatty acid export, using etomoxir, C75, and the antidiabetic drug metformin. METHODS Single-cell RNA-sequencing, transcriptomics, and lineage trajectory was performed on primary human jejunum. In vivo absorptive enterocyte maturational states informed conditions used to differentiate human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that mimic in vivo absorptive enterocyte maturation. The system was scaled for high-throughput drug screening. Fatty acid oxidation was modulated pharmacologically and BODIPY (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) (B)-labeled fatty acids were used to evaluate fatty acid handling via fluorescence and thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing shows increasing expression of lipid-handling genes as absorptive enterocytes mature. Culture conditions promote ISC differentiation into confluent absorptive enterocyte monolayers. Fatty acid-handling gene expression mimics in vivo maturational states. The fatty acid oxidation inhibitor etomoxir decreased apical-to-basolateral export of medium-chain B-C12 and long-chain B-C16 fatty acids, whereas the CPT1 agonist C75 and the antidiabetic drug metformin increased apical-to-basolateral export. Short-chain B-C5 was unaffected by fatty acid oxidation inhibition and diffused through absorptive enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS Primary human ISCs in culture undergo programmed maturation. Absorptive enterocyte monolayers show in vivo maturational states and lipid-handling gene expression profiles. Absorptive enterocytes create strong epithelial barriers in 96-Transwell format. Fatty acid export is proportional to fatty acid oxidation. Metformin enhances fatty acid oxidation and increases basolateral fatty acid export, supporting an intestine-specific role.
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Pereira JFS, Bessa C, Matos P, Jordan P. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Trigger the Overexpression of Tumour-Related Splice Variant RAC1B in Polarized Colorectal Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061393. [PMID: 35326545 PMCID: PMC8946262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumours are now known to develop more quickly when the tumour cell mass is located in a tissue that shows signs of chronic inflammation. Under such conditions, inflammatory cells from the surrounding tumour microenvironment provide survival signals to which cancer cells respond. We have previously found that some colorectal tumours overexpress the protein RAC1B that sustains tumour cell survival. Here we used a colon mucosa-like in vitro cell model and found that the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts and pro-inflammatory macrophages stimulated colorectal cells to increase their RAC1B levels. Under these conditions, the secreted survival signals were analysed, and interleukin-6 identified as the main trigger for the increase in RAC1B levels. The results contribute to understand the tumour-promoting effect of inflammation at the molecular level. Abstract An inflammatory microenvironment is a tumour-promoting condition that provides survival signals to which cancer cells respond with gene expression changes. One example is the alternative splicing variant Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (Ras)-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (RAC1)B, which we previously identified in a subset of V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF)-mutated colorectal tumours. RAC1B was also increased in samples from inflammatory bowel disease patients or in an acute colitis mouse model. Here, we used an epithelial-like layer of polarized Caco-2 or T84 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in co-culture with fibroblasts, monocytes or macrophages and analysed the effect on RAC1B expression in the CRC cells by RT-PCR, Western blot and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We found that the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts and M1 macrophages induced the most significant increase in RAC1B levels in the polarized CRC cells, accompanied by a progressive loss of epithelial organization. Under these conditions, we identified interleukin (IL)-6 as the main trigger for the increase in RAC1B levels, associated with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 activation. IL-6 neutralization by a specific antibody abrogated both RAC1B overexpression and STAT3 phosphorylation in polarized CRC cells. Our data identify that pro-inflammatory extracellular signals from stromal cells can trigger the overexpression of tumour-related RAC1B in polarized CRC cells. The results will help to understand the tumour-promoting effect of inflammation and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. S. Pereira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health ‘Dr. Ricardo Jorge’, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (C.B.); (P.M.)
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Bessa
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health ‘Dr. Ricardo Jorge’, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (C.B.); (P.M.)
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health ‘Dr. Ricardo Jorge’, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (C.B.); (P.M.)
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health ‘Dr. Ricardo Jorge’, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (C.B.); (P.M.)
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Bednarek R. In Vitro Methods for Measuring the Permeability of Cell Monolayers. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5010017. [PMID: 35200533 PMCID: PMC8874757 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers, including endothelial and epithelial cells, play crucial roles in regulating the transport of biomolecules to underlying tissues and structures via intercellular junctions. Moreover, the monolayers form a semipermeable barrier across which leukocyte transmigration is tightly regulated. The inflammatory cytokines can disrupt the epithelial and endothelial permeability, thus the reduced barrier integrity is a hallmark of epithelial and endothelial dysfunction related with numerous pathological conditions, including cancer-related inflammation. Therefore, the assessment of barrier function is critical in in vitro models of barrier-forming tissues. This review summarizes the commercially available in vitro systems used to measure the permeability of cellular monolayers. The presented techniques are separated in two large groups: macromolecular tracer flux assays, and electrical impedance measurement-based permeability assays. The presented techniques are briefly described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Bednarek
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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