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Ahmad I, Kaur M, Tyagi D, Singh TB, Kaur G, Afzal SM, Jauhar M. Exploring novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Bisphenol A-induced toxicity: A persistent threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104467. [PMID: 38763439 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous industrial chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, found in numerous consumer products. Despite its widespread use, its potential adverse health effects have raised significant concerns. This review explores the molecular mechanisms and evidence-based literature underlying BPA-induced toxicities and its implications for human health. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) which exhibits carcinogenic properties by influencing various receptors, such as ER, AhR, PPARs, LXRs, and RARs. It induces oxidative stress and contributes to cellular dysfunction, inflammation, and DNA damage, ultimately leading to various toxicities including but not limited to reproductive, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine toxicity. Moreover, BPA can modify DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, leading to epigenetic changes and contribute to carcinogenesis. Overall, understanding molecular mechanisms of BPA-induced toxicity is crucial for developing effective strategies and policies to mitigate its adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Devansh Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Tejinder Bir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Shaikh Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohsin Jauhar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Qi T, Jing D, Zhang K, Shi J, Qiu H, Kan C, Han F, Wu C, Sun X. Environmental toxicology of bisphenol A: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications on the neuroendocrine system. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114840. [PMID: 38157990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used environmental estrogen found in a variety of products, including food packaging, canned goods, baby bottle soothers, reusable cups, medical devices, tableware, dental sealants, and other consumer goods. This substance has been found to have detrimental effects on both the environment and human health, particularly on the reproductive, immune, embryonic development, nervous, endocrine, and respiratory systems. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of BPA on the neuroendocrine system, with a primary focus on its impact on the brain, neurons, oligodendrocytes, neural stem cell proliferation, DNA damage, and behavioral development. Additionally, the review explores the clinical implications of BPA, specifically examining its role in the onset and progression of various diseases associated with the neuroendocrine metabolic system. By delving into the mechanistic analysis and clinical implications, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for studying the impacts of BPA exposure on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbing Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dongqing Jing
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Fishburn JLA, Larson HL, Nguyen A, Welch CJ, Moore T, Penn A, Newman J, Mangino A, Widman E, Ghobashy R, Witherspoon J, Lee W, Mulligan KA. Bisphenol F affects neurodevelopmental gene expression, mushroom body development, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107331. [PMID: 38301979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a potential neurotoxicant used as a replacement for bisphenol A (BPA) in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. We investigated the neurodevelopmental impacts of BPF exposure using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Our transcriptomic analysis indicated that developmental exposure to BPF caused the downregulation of neurodevelopmentally relevant genes, including those associated with synapse formation and neuronal projection. To investigate the functional outcome of BPF exposure, we evaluated neurodevelopmental impacts across two genetic strains of Drosophila- w1118 (control) and the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) model-by examining both behavioral and neuronal phenotypes. We found that BPF exposure in w1118 Drosophila caused hypoactive larval locomotor activity, decreased time spent grooming by adults, reduced courtship activity, and increased the severity but not frequency of β-lobe midline crossing defects by axons in the mushroom body. In contrast, although BPF reduced peristaltic contractions in FXS larvae, it had no impact on other larval locomotor phenotypes, grooming activity, or courtship activity. Strikingly, BPF exposure reduced both the severity and frequency of β-lobe midline crossing defects in the mushroom body of FXS flies, a phenotype previously observed in FXS flies exposed to BPA. This data indicates that BPF can affect neurodevelopment and its impacts vary depending on genetic background. Further, BPF may elicit a gene-environment interaction with Drosophila fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (dFmr1)-the ortholog of human FMR1, which causes fragile X syndrome and is the most common monogenetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L A Fishburn
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Heather L Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - An Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, San José State University, 6000 J Street, San José, CA 95819, United States
| | - Chloe J Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Taylor Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Aliyah Penn
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Johnathan Newman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Anthony Mangino
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Erin Widman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Rana Ghobashy
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Jocelyn Witherspoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Department of Computer Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, San José State University, 6000 J Street, San José, CA 95819, United States
| | - Kimberly A Mulligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States.
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Jiang C, Dong W, Gao G, Sun W, Wang Y, Zhan B, Sun Y, Yu J. Maternal oral exposure to low-dose BPA accelerates the onset of puberty by promoting prepubertal Kiss1 expression in the AVPV nucleus of female offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108543. [PMID: 38232916 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
As the incidence of precocious puberty has risen in recent years and the age at puberty onset is younger, children may be at increased risk for health consequences associated with the early onset of puberty. Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical that is reported to induce precocious puberty. The effect of BPA exposure modes, times, and doses (especially low dose) were controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the potential effects of maternal exposure to low-dose BPA on the hypothalamus, particularly on the arcuate (ARC) nucleus and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus during peri-puberty in offspring of BPA-treated rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to corn oil vehicle, 0.05 mg·kg-1·day-1 BPA, or 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 from gestation day 1 (GD1) to postnatal day 21 (PND21) by daily gavage. Body weight (BW), vaginal opening (VO), ovarian follicular luteinization, and relevant hormone concentrations were measured; hypothalamic Kiss1 and GnRH1 levels by western immunoblot analysis were also assessed as indices of puberty onset. During or after exposure, low-dose BPA restricted BW after birth (at PND1 and PND5), and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting the expression of prepubertal Kiss1 and GnRH1 in the AVPV nucleus on PND30, leading to advanced VO, an elevation in LH and FSH concentrations (on PND30). We also noted increased BW on PND30 and PND35. Maternal oral exposure to low-dose BPA altered the BW curve during the neonatal and peripubertal periods, and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting prepubertal Kiss1 expression in the AVPV nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenke Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglin Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bjørklund G, Mkhitaryan M, Sahakyan E, Fereshetyan K, Meguid NA, Hemimi M, Nashaat NH, Yenkoyan K. Linking Environmental Chemicals to Neuroinflammation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03941-y. [PMID: 38296898 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the potential link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), neuroinflammation, and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroinflammation refers to the immune system's response to injury, infection, or disease in the central nervous system. Studies have shown that exposure to EDCs, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, can disrupt normal immune function in the brain, leading to chronic or excessive neuroinflammation. This disruption of immune function can contribute to developing neurological disorders, including ASD. Furthermore, EDCs may activate microglia, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and astroglia-mediated oxidative stress, exacerbating neuroinflammation. EDCs may also modulate the epigenetic profile of cells by methyltransferase expression, thereby affecting neurodevelopment. This article also highlights the importance of reducing exposure to EDCs and advocating for policies and regulations restricting their use. Further research is needed to understand better the mechanisms underlying the link between EDCs, neuroinflammation, and ASD and to develop new treatments for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Meri Mkhitaryan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elen Sahakyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Katarine Fereshetyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nagwa A Meguid
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Hemimi
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia.
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6
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Menzikov SA, Zaichenko DM, Moskovtsev AA, Morozov SG, Kubatiev AA. Phenols and GABA A receptors: from structure and molecular mechanisms action to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1272534. [PMID: 38303988 PMCID: PMC10831359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1272534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, which are widespread throughout the invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous system. GABAARs are engaged in short-term changes of the neuronal concentrations of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) ions by their passive permeability through the ion channel pore. GABAARs are regulated by various structurally diverse phenolic substances ranging from simple phenols to complex polyphenols. The wide chemical and structural variability of phenols suggest similar and different binding sites on GABAARs, allowing them to manifest themselves as activators, inhibitors, or allosteric ligands of GABAAR function. Interest in phenols is associated with their great potential for GABAAR modulation, but also with their subsequent negative or positive role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the GABAergic deficit hypotheses during neurological and psychiatric disorders induced by various phenols. We summarize the structure-activity relationship of general phenol groups concerning their differential roles in the manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We describe and analyze the role of GABAAR subunits in manifesting various neuropathologies and the molecular mechanisms underlying their modulation by phenols. Finally, we discuss how phenol drugs can modulate GABAAR activity via desensitization and resensitization. We also demonstrate a novel pharmacological approach to treat neuropsychiatric disorders via regulation of receptor phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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Ni M, Deepika D, Li X, Xiong W, Zhang L, Chen J, Kumar V. IVIVE-PBPK based new approach methodology for addressing early life toxicity induced by Bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117343. [PMID: 37858691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor mimicking natural estrogens with the potential to affect human health, especially during prenatal and postnatal exposure at or below current acceptable daily intake levels. Different adverse effects of BPA are still under investigation, and multiple mechanisms of action remain unexplored. This may be one of the reasons for the continuously changing tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA with the emergence of new adverse health effects over time. In addition, translational modelling through in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) can act as prerequisite bridge for translating in-vitro finding into human risk assessment. The objective of this study was to conduct in-vitro experiments and utilize an IVIVE-pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic (P-PBPK) modeling to investigate developmental neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity in humans. The data obtained from human embryonic stem cells-based assays (study conducted between October 2020-2021) were used for the IVIVE-P-PBPK models to obtain the human equivalent doses (HEDs) which were further extrapolated to reference doses (RfDs). The results showed that simulated mean RfDs (μg/kg/day) derived from the HSD3B1 and NFATC2 gene of embryotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity tests, respectively, were 4.94 and 5.18. The simulated RfDs were close to the temporary-tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2015 (t-TDI: 4 μg/kg·bw) and higher than the TDI of 2023 (0.2 ng/kg·bw). In conclusion, in-vitro toxicogenomics dose-response data combined with PBPK modeling can become a promising alternative new approach methodology (NAM) to support decision-making in chemical risk assessment. Based on the simulated RfDs derived from this NAM, the t-TDI set by EFSA in 2015 may be considered a safe exposure limit for mothers and fetuses at the current BPA intake levels in Chinese mothers. This study provided an animal-free new strategy for NAMs based risk assessment by combining toxicogenomics and computational toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Ni
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Makowska K, Lech P, Gonkowski S. Bisphenol A Effects on Neurons' Neurochemical Character in the Urinary Bladder Intramural Ganglia of Domestic Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16792. [PMID: 38069115 PMCID: PMC10706807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a substance globally used to produce plastics, is part of many everyday items, including bottles, food containers, electronic elements, and others. It may penetrate the environment and living organisms, negatively affecting, among others, the nervous, immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. Knowledge of the impact of BPA on the urinary bladder is extremely scarce. This study investigated the influence of two doses of BPA (0.05 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day and 0.5 mg/kg b.w./day) given orally for 28 days on the neurons situated in the ganglia located in the urinary bladder trigone using the typical double immunofluorescence method. In the study, an increase in the percentage of neurons containing substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-used as the marker of nitrergic neurons), and/or cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide was noted after BPA administration. The severity of these changes depended on the dose of BPA and the type of neuronal factors studied. The most visible changes were noted in the cases of SP- and/or GAL-positive neurons after administering a higher dose of BPA. The results have shown that oral exposure to BPA, lasting even for a short time, affects the intramural neurons in the urinary bladder wall, and changes in the neurochemical characterisation of these neurons may be the first signs of BPA-induced pathological processes in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Lech
- Agri Plus sp. Z o.o., Marcelinska Street 92, 60-324 Pozan, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Cao Y, Hu D, Cai C, Zhou M, Dai P, Lai Q, Zhang L, Fan Y, Gao Z. Modeling early human cortical development and evaluating neurotoxicity with a forebrain organoid system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122624. [PMID: 37757934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and subtlety of brain development renders it challenging to examine effects of environmental toxicants on human fetal brain development. Advances in pluripotent cell-derived organoid systems open up novel avenues for human development, disease and toxicity modeling. Here, we have established a forebrain organoid system and recapitulated early human cortical development spatiotemporally including neuroepithelium induction, apical-basal axis formation, neural progenitor proliferation and maintenance, neuronal differentiation and layer/region patterning. To explore whether this forebrain organoid system is suitable for neurotoxicity modeling, we subjected the organoids to bisphenol A (BPA), a common environmental toxicant of global presence and high epidemic significance. BPA exposure caused substantial abnormalities in key cortical developmental events, inhibited progenitor cell proliferation and promoted precocious neuronal differentiation, leading premature progenitor cell depletion and aberrant cortical layer patterning and structural organization. Consistent with an antagonistic mechanism between thyroid hormone and BPA, T3 supplementation attenuated BPA-mediated cortical developmental abnormalities. Altogether, our in vitro recapitulation of cortical development with forebrain organoids provides a paradigm for efficient neural development and toxicity modeling and related remedy testing/screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Cao
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Daiyu Hu
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chenglin Cai
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peibing Dai
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiong Lai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yantao Fan
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Fudamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 201613, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Mishra A, Goel D, Shankar S. Bisphenol A contamination in aquatic environments: a review of sources, environmental concerns, and microbial remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1352. [PMID: 37861868 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The production of polycarbonate, a high-performance transparent plastic, employs bisphenol A, which is a prominent endocrine-disrupting compound. Polycarbonates are frequently used in the manufacturing of food, bottles, storage containers for newborns, and beverage packaging materials. Global production of BPA in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million tonnes. About 65-70% of all bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastics. Bisphenol A leaches from improperly disposed plastic items and enters the environment through wastewater from plastic-producing industries, contaminating, sediments, surface water, and ground water. The concentration BPA in industrial and domestic wastewater ranges from 16 to 1465 ng/L while in surface water it has been detected 170-3113 ng/L. Wastewater treatment can be highly effective at removing BPA, giving reductions of 91-98%. Regardless, the remaining 2-9% of BPA will continue through to the environment, with low levels of BPA commonly observed in surface water and sediment in the USA and Europe. The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate, with PubMed listing more than 17,000 scientific papers as of 2023. Bisphenol A poses environmental and health hazards in aquatic systems, affecting ecosystems and human health. While several studies have revealed its presence in aqueous streams, environmentally sound technologies should be explored for its removal from the contaminated environment. Concern is mostly related to its estrogen-like activity, although it can interact with other receptor systems as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Present review article encompasses the updated information on sources, environmental concerns, and sustainable remediation techniques for bisphenol A removal from aquatic ecosystems, discussing gaps, constraints, and future research requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India
| | - Divya Goel
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India.
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Moon HJ, Shin HS, Lee SH, Hong EJ, Ahn C, Yoo YM, Jeung EB, Lee GS, An BS, Jung EM. Effects of prenatal bisphenol S and bisphenol F exposure on behavior of offspring mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:260-271. [PMID: 37842186 PMCID: PMC10572065 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2264905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical that exhibits hormonal disturbance reactions. Various alternatives, such as Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF), are being developed. BPS and BPF (which are representative alternatives to BPA) are used in consumer products such as polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. They have structures similar to those of BPA and have also been proven to be exogenous endocrine disruptors. However, although there are many studies on BPA, there are few studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of BPS and BPF. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed neurobehavioral changes in offspring mice exposed to BPS and BPF during brain development by administering BPS and BPF to pregnant mice. We found that prenatal exposure to BPS and BPF did not affect anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, locomotion, sociability, memory, or cognition functions in offspring mice. However, exposure to BPS and BPF decreased the preference for social novelty in the offspring mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that perinatal exposure to BPS and BPF affects changes in social behaviors, but not other behavioral changes such as emotion, memory, or cognition in the offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jung Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Shin
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Yoo
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Stein TP, Schluter MD, Steer RA, Ming X. Bisphenol-A and phthalate metabolism in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289841. [PMID: 37703261 PMCID: PMC10499243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of autism spectrum (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders are multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown associations with environmental pollutants, such as plasticizers. This study focused on two of these compounds, the Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP). The major pathway for BPA and DEHP excretion is via glucuronidation. Glucuronidation makes insoluble substances more water-soluble allowing for their subsequent elimination in urine. HYPOTHESIS Detoxification of these two plasticizers is compromised in children with ASD and ADHD. Consequently, their tissues are more exposed to these two plasticizers. METHODS We measured the efficiency of glucuronidation in three groups of children, ASD (n = 66), ADHD (n = 46) and healthy controls (CTR, n = 37). The children were recruited from the clinics of Rutgers-NJ Medical School. A urine specimen was collected from each child. Multiple mass spectrometric analyses including the complete metabolome were determined and used to derive values for the efficiency of glucuronidation for 12 varied glucuronidation pathways including those for BPA and MEHP. RESULTS (1) Both fold differences and metabolome analyses showed that the three groups of children were metabolically different from each other. (2) Of the 12 pathways examined, only the BPA and DEHP pathways discriminated between the three groups. (3) Glucuronidation efficiencies for BPA were reduced by 11% for ASD (p = 0.020) and 17% for ADHD (p<0.001) compared to controls. DEHP showed similar, but not significant trends. CONCLUSION ASD and ADHD are clinically and metabolically different but share a reduction in the efficiency of detoxification for both BPA and DEHP with the reductions for BPA being statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Peter Stein
- Department of Surgery, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Margaret D. Schluter
- Department of Surgery, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Steer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xue Ming
- Departments of Neurosciences and Neurology, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
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Horánszky A, Shashikadze B, Elkhateib R, Lombardo SD, Lamberto F, Zana M, Menche J, Fröhlich T, Dinnyés A. Proteomics and disease network associations evaluation of environmentally relevant Bisphenol A concentrations in a human 3D neural stem cell model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236243. [PMID: 37664457 PMCID: PMC10472293 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure is associated with a plethora of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and brain disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated BPA-induced perturbations to critical neural stem cell (NSC) characteristics, such as proliferation and differentiation, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain under debate. The present study evaluated the effects of a repeated-dose exposure of environmentally relevant BPA concentrations during the in vitro 3D neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), emulating a chronic exposure scenario. Firstly, we demonstrated that our model is suitable for NSC differentiation during the early stages of embryonic brain development. Our morphological image analysis showed that BPA exposure at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM decreased the average spheroid size by day 21 (D21) of the neural induction, while no effect on cell viability was detected. No alteration to the rate of the neural induction was observed based on the expression of key neural lineage and neuroectodermal transcripts. Quantitative proteomics at D21 revealed several differentially abundant proteins across all BPA-treated groups with important functions in NSC proliferation and maintenance (e.g., FABP7, GPC4, GAP43, Wnt-8B, TPPP3). Additionally, a network analysis demonstrated alterations to the glycolytic pathway, potentially implicating BPA-induced changes to glycolytic signalling in NSC proliferation impairments, as well as the pathophysiology of brain disorders including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study enhances the current understanding of BPA-related NSC aberrations based mostly on acute, often high dose exposures of rodent in vivo and in vitro models and human GWAS data in a novel human 3D cell-based model with real-life scenario relevant prolonged and low-level exposures, offering further mechanistic insights into the ramifications of BPA exposure on the developing human brain and consequently, later life neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Radwa Elkhateib
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Salvo Danilo Lombardo
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica Lamberto
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Jörg Menche
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Chen Y, Miao M, Wang Z, Ji H, Zhou Y, Liang H, He G, Yuan W. Prenatal bisphenol exposure and intelligence quotient in children at six years of age: A prospective cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:139023. [PMID: 37230300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on children's cognitive development have been reported; however, relevant evidence on BPA analogues was limited, with rare evidence of the joint effect of their mixture. Among 424 mother-offspring pairs from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study, maternal urinary concentrations of five bisphenols (BPs) were quantified, and children's cognitive function was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale at six years of age. We assessed the associations of prenatal exposure to individual BPs with children's intelligence quotient (IQ) and analyzed the joint effect of BPs mixture by the Quantile g-computation model (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR). QGC models showed that higher maternal urinary BPs mixture concentrations were associated with lower scores among boys in a non-linear way; however, no association was observed in girls. For individual effects, BPA and BPF were associated with decreased IQ scores in boys and were identified as important contributors to the joint effect of BPs mixture. However, associations of BPA with increased IQ scores in girls, and TCBPA with increased IQ scores in both sexes were observed. Our findings suggested prenatal exposure to BPs mixture may affect children's cognitive function in a sex-specific pattern and provided evidence of the neurotoxicity of BPA and BPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, No.779, Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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15
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Bisphenol-A (BPA) Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting Regulation of the Ubiquitin Proteasomal System. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3277-3298. [PMID: 36828952 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls protein homeostasis to maintain cell functionality and survival. Neurogenesis relies on proteasome function, and a defective proteasome system during brain development leads to neurological disorders. An endocrine-disrupting xenoestrogen bisphenol-A (BPA) used in plastic products adversely affects human health and causes neurotoxicity. Previously, we reported that BPA reduces neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation, impairs myelination and mitochondrial protein import, and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation leading to cognitive impairments in rats. Herein, we examined the effect(s) of prenatal BPA exposure on UPS functions during NSCs proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus. Rats were orally treated with 40 µg/kg body weight BPA during day 6 gestation to day 21 postnatal. BPA significantly reduced proteasome activity in a cellular extract of NSCs. Immunocytochemistry exhibited a significant reduction of 20S proteasome/Nestin+ and PSMB5/Nestin+ cells in NSCs culture. BPA decreased 20S/Tuj1+ and PSMB5/Tuj1+ cells, indicating disrupted UPS during neuronal differentiation. BPA reduced the expression of UPS genes, 20S, and PSMB5 protein levels and proteasome activity in the hippocampus. It significantly reduced overall protein synthesis by the loss of Nissl substances in the hippocampus. Pharmacological activation of UPS by a bioactive triterpenoid 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α GA) caused increased proteasome activities, significantly increased neurosphere size and number, and enhanced NSCs proliferation in BPA exposed culture, while proteasome inhibition by MG132 further aggravates BPA-mediated effects. In silico studies demonstrated that BPA strongly binds to catalytic sites of UPS genes (PSMB5, TRIM11, Parkin, and PSMD4) which may result in UPS inactivation. These results suggest that BPA significantly reduces NSCs proliferation by impairing UPS, and UPS activation by 18α GA could suppress BPA-mediated neurotoxicity and exerts neuroprotection.
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Bell KS, O’Shaughnessy KL. The development and function of the brain barriers - an overlooked consideration for chemical toxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:1000212. [PMID: 36329715 PMCID: PMC9622783 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.1000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the adult brain is protected from some infections and toxic molecules by the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Contrary to the immense data collected in other fields, it is deeply entrenched in environmental toxicology that xenobiotics easily permeate the developing brain because these barriers are either absent or non-functional in the fetus and newborn. Here we review the cellular and physiological makeup of the brain barrier systems in multiple species, and discuss decades of experiments that show they possess functionality during embryogenesis. We next present case studies of two chemical classes, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and bisphenols, and discuss their potential to bypass the brain barriers. While there is evidence to suggest these pollutants may enter the developing and/or adult brain parenchyma, many studies suffer from confounding technical variables which complicates data interpretation. In the future, a more formal consideration of brain barrier biology could not only improve understanding of chemical toxicokinetics but could assist in prioritizing environmental xenobiotics for their neurotoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten S. Bell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy,
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Guignard D, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Chaillou E, Gautier R, Gayrard V, Picard-Hagen N, Schroeder H, Jourdan F, Zalko D, Viguié C, Cabaton NJ. Gestational exposure to bisphenol A induces region-specific changes in brain metabolomic fingerprints in sheep. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107336. [PMID: 35700571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fetal brain development depends on maternofetal thyroid function. In rodents and sheep, perinatal BPA exposure is associated with maternal and/or fetal thyroid disruption and alterations in central nervous system development as demonstrated by metabolic modulations in the encephala of mice. We hypothesized that a gestational exposure to a low dose of BPA affects maternofetal thyroid function and fetal brain development in a region-specific manner. Pregnant ewes, a relevant model for human thyroid and brain development, were exposed to BPA (5 µg/kg bw/d, sc). The thyroid status of ewes during gestation and term fetuses at delivery was monitored. Fetal brain development was assessed by metabolic fingerprints at birth in 10 areas followed by metabolic network-based analysis. BPA treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in maternal TT4 serum concentrations. For 8 fetal brain regions, statistical models allowed discriminating BPA-treated from control lambs. Metabolic network computational analysis revealed that prenatal exposure to BPA modulated several metabolic pathways, in particular excitatory and inhibitory amino-acid, cholinergic, energy and lipid homeostasis pathways. These pathways might contribute to BPA-related neurobehavioral and cognitive disorders. Discrimination was particularly clear for the dorsal hippocampus, the cerebellar vermis, the dorsal hypothalamus, the caudate nucleus and the lateral part of the frontal cortex. Compared with previous results in rodents, the use of a larger animal model allowed to examine specific brain areas, and generate evidence of the distinct region-specific effects of fetal BPA exposure on the brain metabolome. These modifications occur concomitantly to subtle maternal thyroid function alteration. The functional link between such moderate thyroid changes and fetal brain metabolomic fingerprints remains to be determined as well as the potential implication of other modes of action triggered by BPA such as estrogenic ones. Our results pave the ways for new scientific strategies aiming at linking environmental endocrine disruption and altered neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chaillou
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Roselyne Gautier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM U1256, NGERE, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas J Cabaton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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