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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wang X, He K, Fang M, Xu J, Xu Y, Tao F, Lü P. Causal Relationship between Immune Cells and Gynecological Cancers through Bidirectional and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analyses. J Cancer 2024; 15:1880-1889. [PMID: 38434980 PMCID: PMC10905409 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests potential associations between gynecological malignancies and various immune cell chemicals and systems. However, establishing a causal relationship remains uncertain. Methods: This work employed Wald ratio for one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) for multiple SNPs to conduct bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. We employed supplementary methods, including MR-Egger and weighted median methods, to detect and correct for the influence of horizontal pleiotropy. In addition, we also use colocalization analysis for further validation. Results: In IVW analysis, increases in relative count of circulating CD11c+ HLA-DR++ conventional dendritic cells (cDC) were associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer (OR [95% CI], 1.1295 [1.0632-1.2000], P = 8.044 × 10-5), while elevated levels of HLA-DR on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) and HLA-DR on DC were protective against breast cancer. In addition, actual count of CD39+ resting Treg AC was also shown to be causally associated with the development of ovarian cancer, whereas a high relative count of CD28+ CD45RA- CD8+ T cells reduced the risk of cervical cancer. Sensitivity analysis revealed almost no evidence of bias in the current study. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses further confirmed a direct impact of the CD11c+ HLA-DR++ cDC immune phenotype on breast cancer. Colocalization analysis showed the lead SNP, rs780094, suggesting HLA-DR GWAS shared a common genetic mechanism with breast cancer. Conclusions: The MR study identified significant causal relationships between multiple immunophenotypes and breast cancer, aiming to provide clinicians with some reference for cancer prediction and explore further potential associations between immune phenotypes and gynecologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyuxiao Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Keren He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqi Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Lü
- Department of TCM, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China
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3
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Moar K, Pant A, Saini V, Pandey M, Maurya PK. Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer: A compiled review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154893. [PMID: 37918101 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major reason for death of women worldwide. As per the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) statistics, the number of cases of breast cancer is increasing year by year in many parts of the world. As per the recent global cancer burden figures, in 2020, there were 2.26 million incidences of breast cancer cases and it is one of the main causes of mortality due to cancer in women in the world. Biomarkers of breast cancer would prove to be very beneficial to screen women who are at higher risk and for detection of disease recurrence. Here, studies carried out on biomarkers of breast cancer and susceptibility to the disease have been reviewed. Various databases like Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and PubMed have been used for searching and majorly literature from the last 10 years have been considered. Potential biomarkers of breast cancer including blood based angiogenic factors, glycoprotein-based biomarkers, hormone receptor biomarkers and other biomarkers that were identified from various studies have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Vikas Saini
- Department of Vocational Studies & Skill Development, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India.
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Gupta SRR, Mittal P, Kundu B, Singh A, Singh IK. Silibinin: an inhibitor for a high-expressed BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein, linked with poor prognosis in breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37837418 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for 30% of all diagnosed cases of cancer in women and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The current study looks for a protein from the anti-apoptotic/pro-survival BCL-2 family whose overexpression reduces survivability in BC patients and a potential inhibitor for the protein. We found BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein with high expression linked to low survivability in BC. The protein shows prognosis in 8 out of 29 categories, whereas no other family member manifests this property. Out of 7379 compounds, three small molecules (CHEMBL9509, CHEMBL2104550 and CHEMBL3545011) form an H-bond with BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein's unique residue Cys55. Of the three small molecules, we found CHEMBL9509 (Silibinin) to be a potent inhibitor. The compound forms a stable H-bond with the residue Cys55 with the lowest binding energy compared to the other two compounds. It remains stable in the BH3 binding region for more than 100 ns, whereas the other two detach from the region. Additionally, the compound is found to be better than Venetoclax and Nematoclax. We firmly believe in the compound CHEMBL9509 potency to halt BC's progression by inhibiting the BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein, increasing patients' survivability.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradheya R R Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute of Eminence, Delhi School of Public Health, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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5
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Ayala-Zambrano C, Yuste M, Frias S, Garcia-de-Teresa B, Mendoza L, Azpeitia E, Rodríguez A, Torres L. A Boolean network model of the double-strand break repair pathway choice. J Theor Biol 2023; 573:111608. [PMID: 37595867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Double strand break (DSB) repair is critical to maintaining the integrity of the genome. DSB repair deficiency underlies multiple pathologies, including cancer, chromosome instability syndromes, and, potentially, neurodevelopmental defects. DSB repair is mainly handled by two pathways: highly accurate homologous recombination (HR), which requires a sister chromatid for template-based repair, limited to S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, and canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), available throughout the cell cycle in which minimum homology is sufficient for highly efficient yet error-prone repair. Some circumstances, such as cancer, require alternative highly mutagenic DSB repair pathways like microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) and single-strand annealing (SSA), which are triggered to attend to DNA damage. These non-canonical repair alternatives are emerging as prominent drivers of resistance in drug-based tumor therapies. Multiple DSB repair options require tight inter-pathway regulation to prevent unscheduled activities. In addition to this complexity, epigenetic modifications of the histones surrounding the DSB region are emerging as critical regulators of the DSB repair pathway choice. Modeling approaches to understanding DSBs repair pathway choice are advantageous to perform simulations and generate predictions on previously uncharacterized aspects of DSBs response. In this work, we present a Boolean network model of the DSB repair pathway choice that incorporates the knowledge, into a dynamic system, of the inter-pathways regulation involved in DSB repair, i.e., HR, c-NHEJ, SSA, and MMEJ. Our model recapitulates the well-characterized HR activity observed in wild-type cells in response to DSBs. It also recovers clinically relevant behaviors of BRCA1/FANCS mutants, and their corresponding drug resistance mechanisms ascribed to DNA repair gain-of-function pathogenic variants. Since epigenetic modifiers are dynamic and possible druggable targets, we incorporated them into our model to better characterize their involvement in DSB repair. Our model predicted that loss of the TIP60 complex and its corresponding histone acetylation activity leads to activation of SSA in response to DSBs. Our experimental validation showed that TIP60 effectively prevents activation of RAD52, a key SSA executor, and confirms the suitable use of Boolean network modeling for understanding DNA DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Yuste
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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Yan S, Imam M. Progress and prospects in research and clinical practice of hormone receptor-positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:110. [PMID: 37351713 PMCID: PMC10290022 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease that is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, precise subtyping and corresponding treatments have improved patient outcomes. Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-negative (HR+/HER2-) BC with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations (BRCA1/2m) is a unique BC subset with dual drivers: homologous recombination deficiency and hormone receptor signaling. Wild-type BRCA1/2 suppresses estrogen receptor-mediated signaling. Loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1/2 release estrogen receptor suppression, leading to reduced sensitivity to endocrine therapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) exert antitumor effects against this subtype and can be used in combination with endocrine therapy. Although PARPis have been evaluated in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, their efficacy against HR+/HER2- BC has not been clearly established. The present review summarizes recent advances and prospects in the progress of the HR+/HER2-/BRCA1/2m subgroup. As such, this article provides theoretical guidance for future research and promotes the use of PARPis for the treatment of HR+/HER2-/BRCA1/2m BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
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7
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Cancer Biomarkers: Status and Its Future Direction. Indian J Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-023-03723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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8
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Kamali H, Golmohammadzadeh S, Zare H, Nosrati R, Fereidouni M, Safarpour H. The recent advancements in the early detection of cancer biomarkers by DNAzyme-assisted aptasensors. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:438. [PMID: 36195928 PMCID: PMC9531510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnostics rely heavily on the detection and quantification of cancer biomarkers. The rapid detection of cancer-specific biomarkers is of great importance in the early diagnosis of cancers and plays a crucial role in the subsequent treatments. There are several different detection techniques available today for detecting cancer biomarkers. Because of target-related conformational alterations, high stability, and target variety, aptamers have received considerable interest as a biosensing system component. To date, several sensitivity-enhancement strategies have been used with a broad spectrum of nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the limit and sensitivity of analyte detection in the construction of innovative aptasensors. The present article aims to outline the research developments on the potential of DNAzymes-based aptasensors for cancer biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Zare
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Algouneh A, Caudle M, Balci T, Andrade A, Penava D, Saleh M. Dual
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
pathogenic variants in an adolescent with syndromic intellectual disability. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6202. [PMID: 35957765 PMCID: PMC9360338 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Concurrent mutations in both genes in the same individual are rare but pose specific challenges when identified, usually through multigene panel testing or infrequently from a genome‐wide analysis, such as whole‐exome sequencing (WES). We present a 15‐year‐old female patient with syndromic intellectual disability whose exome reanalysis identified secondary findings of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, both inherited paternally. We discuss the significant challenges posed by this finding in genetic counseling and cancer risk management of an adolescent with nonverbal intellectual disability, as well as the impact on their family. This rare case highlights the potential increased diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing reanalysis and the consequences of secondary medically actionable results in a pediatric patient. We discuss the challenges in genetic counseling and cancer risk management of an adolescent with nonverbal intellectual disability and concurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This rare case highlights the potential increased diagnostic yield of whole‐exome sequencing reanalysis and the consequences of secondary medically actionable results in a pediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Algouneh
- Schulich School of Medicine Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle Caudle
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada
| | - Tugce Balci
- Schulich School of Medicine Western University London Ontario Canada
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea Andrade
- Schulich School of Medicine Western University London Ontario Canada
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Debbie Penava
- Schulich School of Medicine Western University London Ontario Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology London Ontario Canada
| | - Maha Saleh
- Schulich School of Medicine Western University London Ontario Canada
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada
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