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Liu L, Chen Y, Li X, Wang J, Yang L. Therapeutic potential: The role of mesenchymal stem cells from diverse sources and their derived exosomes in diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116672. [PMID: 38677249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients, with its incidence continuously increasing in recent years. DN causes renal tissue damage and functional decline, expedites the aging process of the kidneys, and may ultimately progress leading to end-stage renal disease, severely impacting the patient's quality of life and prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly valued for their multipotent differentiation, paracrine functions, immunomodulatory effects, and capacity for tissue repair. Particularly, exosomes (Exo) derived from MSCs (MSCs-Exo) are rich in bioactive molecules and facilitate intercellular communication, participating in various physiological and pathological processes. MSCs and MSCs-Exo, in particular, have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in DN treatment research by encouraging tissue repair, fibrosis inhibition, and inflammation reduction. Research has shown that MSCs and MSCs-Exo have therapeutic effects in DN treatment by promoting tissue repair, inhibiting fibrosis, and reducing inflammation. Recent studies underscore the potential of MSCs and MSCs-Exo, highlighting their broad applicability in DN treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the scientific developments in treating DN using MSCs and MSCs-Exo from diverse sources, while also exploring their future therapeutic possibilities in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yiman Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Njeim R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Mechanisms and implications of podocyte autophagy in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F877-F893. [PMID: 38601984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity. An accumulating body of evidence underscores the significant impact of dysregulated autophagy on podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of autophagy and their regulation in cellular homeostasis, with a specific emphasis on podocytes. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings that focus on the functional role of different types of autophagy during podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. The intricate interplay between different types of autophagy and podocyte health requires further research, which is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of CKD and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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3
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Guo Y, Che R, Wang P, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F768-F779. [PMID: 38450435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in the human body, serving as the metabolic factory of the whole organism. When mitochondria are dysfunctional, it can affect all organs of the body. The kidney is rich in mitochondria, and its function is closely related to the development of kidney diseases. Studying the relationship between mitochondria and kidney disease progression is of great interest. In the past decade, scientists have made inspiring progress in investigating the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. This article discusses various mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial quality, including mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA repair, mitochondrial proteolysis and the unfolded protein response, mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondria-derived vesicles, and mitocytosis. The article also highlights the cross talk between mitochondria and other organelles, with a focus on kidney diseases. Finally, the article concludes with an overview of mitochondria-related clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Che
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:537-570. [PMID: 38418620 PMCID: PMC10963471 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs' action in this disease progression. KEY MESSAGES: Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm E Habiba
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
| | - Nasar Khan
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - David Lawrence Greene
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sabiha Shamim
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs’ action in this disease progression.
Key messages
Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Glastras SJ, Pollock CA. Targeted identification of risk and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:75-76. [PMID: 38040863 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
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Zhao R, Wu R, Jin J, Ning K, Wang Z, Yi X, Kapilevich L, Liu J. Signaling pathways regulated by natural active ingredients in the fight against exercise fatigue-a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269878. [PMID: 38155906 PMCID: PMC10752993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise fatigue is a normal protective mechanism of the body. However, long-term fatigue hinders normal metabolism and exercise capacity. The generation and recovery from exercise fatigue involves alterations in multiple signaling pathways, mainly AMPK, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, PINK1/Parkin, and BDNF/TrkB, as well as MAPK signaling pathways that mediate energy supply, reduction of metabolites, oxidative stress homeostasis, muscle fiber type switching, and central protective effects. In recent studies, a rich variety of natural active ingredients have been identified in traditional Chinese medicines and plant extracts with anti-fatigue effects, opening up the field of research in new anti-fatigue drugs. In this review we give an overview of the signaling pathways associated with the activity of natural food active ingredients against exercise fatigue. Such a comprehensive review is necessary to understand the potential of these materials as preventive measures and treatments of exercise fatigue. We expect the findings highlighted and discussed here will help guide the development of new health products and provide a theoretical and scientific basis for future research on exercise fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyue Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruomeng Wu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Nаtionаl Reseаrch Tomsk Stаte University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Lu Y, Fujioka H, Wang W, Zhu X. Bezafibrate confers neuroprotection in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166841. [PMID: 37558011 PMCID: PMC10528941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease. Prior studies suggested impaired mitochondrial biogenesis likely contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Bezafibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist, has been shown to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and increase oxidative phosphorylation capacity. In the present study, we investigated whether bezafibrate could rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and other AD-related deficits in 5xFAD mice. Bezafibrate was well tolerated by 5xFAD mice. Indeed, it rescued the expression of key mitochondrial proteins as well as mitochondrial dynamics and function in the brain of 5xFAD mice. Importantly, bezafibrate treatment led to significant improvement of cognitive/memory function in 5xFAD mice accompanied by alleviation of amyloid pathology and neuronal loss as well as reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Overall, this study suggests that bezafibrate improves mitochondrial function, mitigates neuroinflammation and improves cognitive functions in 5xFAD mice, thus supporting the notion that enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis/function is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Lu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Xing X, Li M, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang J. Podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy: Novel mechanism discovery and therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115670. [PMID: 37837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, posing significant challenges in terms of early prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Consequently, it has emerged as a major contributor to end-stage renal disease. The glomerular filtration barrier, composed of podocytes, endothelial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane, plays a vital role in maintaining renal function. Disruptions in podocyte function, including hypertrophy, shedding, reduced density, and apoptosis, can impair the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, resulting in elevated proteinuria, abnormal glomerular filtration rate, and increased creatinine levels. Hence, recent research has increasingly focused on the role of podocyte injury in DN, with a growing emphasis on exploring therapeutic interventions targeting podocyte injury. Studies have revealed that factors such as lipotoxicity, hemodynamic abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy can contribute to podocyte injury. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN and provide an overview of the current research status regarding experimental drugs targeting podocyte injury in DN. The findings presented herein may offer potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of DN associated with podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Kim HS, Lee HK, Kim K, Ahn GB, Kim MS, Lee TY, Son DJ, Kim Y, Hong JT, Han SB. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance CCL8 expression by podocytes in lupus-prone MRL.Fas lpr mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13074. [PMID: 37567910 PMCID: PMC10421856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephritis is common in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and is associated with hyper-activation of immune and renal cells. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate nephritis by inhibiting T and B cells, whether MSCs directly affect renal cells is unclear. To address this issue, we examined the direct effect of MSCs on renal cells with a focus on chemokines. We found that expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL19, and CXCL10 increased 1.6-5.6-fold in the kidney of lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr mice with advancing age from 9 to 16 weeks. Although MSCs inhibited the increase in the expression of most chemokines by 52-95%, they further increased CCL8 expression by 290%. Using renal cells, we next investigated how MSCs enhanced CCL8 expression. CCL8 was expressed by podocytes, but not by tubular cells. MSCs enhanced CCL8 expression by podocytes in a contact-dependent manner, which was proved by transwell assay and blocking with anti-VCAM-1 antibody. Finally, we showed that CCL8 itself activated MSCs to produce more immunosuppressive factors (IL-10, IDO, TGF-β1, and iNOS) and to inhibit more strongly IFN-γ production by T cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MSCs activate podocytes to produce CCL8 in a contact-dependent manner and conversely, podocyte-derived CCL8 might potentiate immunosuppressive activity of MSCs in a paracrine fashion. Our study documents a previously unrecognized therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Chungbuk Provincial University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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