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Bonomini A, Zhang J, Ju H, Zago A, Pacetti M, Tabarrini O, Massari S, Liu X, Mercorelli B, Zhan P, Loregian A. Synergistic activity of an RNA polymerase PA-PB1 interaction inhibitor with oseltamivir against human and avian influenza viruses in cell culture and in ovo. Antiviral Res 2024; 230:105980. [PMID: 39117284 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In search of novel therapeutic options to treat influenza virus (IV) infections, we previously identified a series of inhibitors that act by disrupting the interactions between the PA and PB1 subunits of the viral RNA polymerase. These compounds showed broad-spectrum antiviral activity against human influenza A and B viruses and a high barrier to the induction of drug resistance in vitro. In this short communication, we investigated the effects of combinations of the PA-PB1 interaction inhibitor 54 with oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC), zanamivir (ZA), favipiravir (FPV), and baloxavir marboxil (BXM) on the inhibition of influenza A and B virus replication in vitro. We observed a synergistic effect of the 54/OSC and 54/ZA combinations and an antagonistic effect when 54 was combined with either FPV or BXM. Moreover, we demonstrated the efficacy of 54 against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) both in cell culture and in the embryonated chicken eggs model. Finally, we observed that 54 enhances OSC protective effect against HPAIV replication in the embryonated eggs model. Our findings represent an advance in the development of alternative therapeutic strategies against both human and avian IV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonomini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Han Ju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Alessia Zago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Pacetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | | | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Tegegn DF, Belachew HZ, Etefa HF, Salau AO. Investigation of substituent effects on the electronic structure and antiviral activity of favipiravir derivatives for Covid-19 treatment using DFT and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17697. [PMID: 39085399 PMCID: PMC11291664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Density-functional theory/Time-dependent density-functional theory (DFT/TDDFT) and Molecular docking method was used to investigate the effect of methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and cyanobenzylidene substituents on the electronic structure and antiviral activity of favipiravir for treating COVID-19. The DFT and TDDFT computations were employed using the Gaussian 09 software package. The values were calculated using the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set and the hybrid B3LYP functional method. Autodock vina software was used for simulations to better predictions and to validate the modified compounds' binding affinities and poses. Results of the study indicate that compounds 1 to 6 all displayed a planar structure, where the pyrazine ring, carboxamide, hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are all situated within the same plane. In addition, the energy gaps (Egap) of these six compounds (Cpd 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) were compared. The significant dipole moment and binding affinity achieved implies a particular orientation for binding within the target protein, signaling the anticipated strength of the binding interaction. In all six compounds, the electrophilic domain is situated in the vicinity of the amine functional group within the carboxamide compound, whereas the nucleophilic domain encompasses both the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The most negatively charged sites are susceptible to electrophilic interactions. In conclusion, compounds 5 and 6 exhibit a high binding affinity of the target protein, while compound 6 has a high energy gap, which could enhance its antiviral activity against the COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Fedasa Tegegn
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, P. O. Box. 260, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Zewude Belachew
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, P. O. Box. 260, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Fekadu Etefa
- Department of Physics, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X-1, Mathatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Olalekan Salau
- Department of Electrical/Electronics and Computer Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Bassetti M, Sepulcri C, Giacobbe DR, Fusco L. Treating influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors: an update of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1163-1174. [PMID: 38935495 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2370895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza affects individuals of all ages and poses a significant threat during pandemics, epidemics, and sporadic outbreaks. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the first choice in the treatment and prevention of influenza, but their use can be hindered by viral resistance. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes current NAIs pharmacological profiles, their current place in therapy, and the mechanisms of viral resistance and outlines possible new indications, ways of administration, and novel candidate NAIs compounds. EXPERT OPINION NAIs represent a versatile group of compounds with diverse administration methods and pharmacokinetics. While the prevalence of influenza virus resistance to NAIs remains low, there is heightened vigilance due to the pandemic potential of influenza. Several novel NAIs and derivatives are currently under assessment at various stages of development for the treatment and prevention of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- UO Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sepulcri
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- UO Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovica Fusco
- UO Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Özcan D, Özçelik F, Mammadov R, Aktaş M, Altındağ F, Alkan AA, Karapapak M, Altuner D, Süleyman H. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of systemic and ocular toxicity of favipiravir in rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:105-112. [PMID: 38174703 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time.Materials and methods: A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. Results: Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 ± 0.61 vs. 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/mL), IL-1β (2.52 ± 1.14 vs. 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-α levels (3.28 ± 1.42 vs. 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 ± 1.98 vs. 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 ± 3.43 vs. 3.81 ± 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG (p < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG (p < 0.001). Conclusions: FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delil Özcan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Seyrantepe Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özçelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Seyrantepe Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aktaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Fikret Altındağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Karapapak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Süleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Aydin S, Aydin OC, Yazar MF, Aydemir H, Kantarci M, Barun S. Assessment of the potential interactions between favipiravir and radiocontrast agents. World J Radiol 2024; 16:128-135. [PMID: 38845605 PMCID: PMC11151898 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i5.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen. Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched. However, no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents, which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment, has been found. AIM To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents. METHODS The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test while taking the medicine. The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study, as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital, were evaluated for this purpose. RESULTS The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients. The study sample's mean age was 47.23 ± 9.48 years. The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions (P = 0.003). When evaluated with logistic regression analysis, a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times (P = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes (P = 0.090). Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases (4%). CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values, as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting. The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic. Drug interactions become more common as people get older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonay Aydin
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
| | - Ozlem Celik Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
| | - Mesut Furkan Yazar
- Department of Radiology, Bilecik Education and Reseach Hospital, Bilecik 11230, Türkiye
| | - Huseyin Aydemir
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
| | - Mecit Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum 25030, Türkiye
| | - Sureyya Barun
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
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Brady DK, Gurijala AR, Huang L, Hussain AA, Lingan AL, Pembridge OG, Ratangee BA, Sealy TT, Vallone KT, Clements TP. A guide to COVID-19 antiviral therapeutics: a summary and perspective of the antiviral weapons against SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1632-1662. [PMID: 36266238 PMCID: PMC9874604 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral therapies are integral in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Antiviral therapeutics can be divided into categories based on how they combat the virus, including viral entry into the host cell, viral replication, protein trafficking, post-translational processing, and immune response regulation. Drugs that target how the virus enters the cell include: Evusheld, REGEN-COV, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, Arbidol, nitazoxanide, and chloroquine. Drugs that prevent the virus from replicating include: Paxlovid, remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, and Kaletra. Drugs that interfere with protein trafficking and post-translational processing include nitazoxanide and ivermectin. Lastly, drugs that target immune response regulation include interferons and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone. Antiviral therapies offer an alternative solution for those unable or unwilling to be vaccinated and are a vital weapon in the battle against the global pandemic. Learning more about these therapies helps raise awareness in the general population about the options available to them with respect to aiding in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infection. In this 'A Guide To' article, we provide an in-depth insight into the development of antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and their ability to help fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drugan K. Brady
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Aashi R. Gurijala
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Liyu Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Ali A. Hussain
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Audrey L. Lingan
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Brina A. Ratangee
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Tristan T. Sealy
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kyle T. Vallone
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
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Rosli NB, Kwon HJ, Jeong JS. Simultaneous quantification method for multiple antiviral drugs in serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123925. [PMID: 37992562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the simultaneous quantification of six antiviral drugs in serum based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target drugs-hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, favipiravir, umifenovir, ritonavir, and lopinavir-were extracted and purified from serum with 75 % v/v methanol as the precipitant reagent. The six analytes were clearly separated within 15 min using gradient elution and mixed-mode stationary phase. The measurement accuracy and precision were assured by adopting isotopes as internal standards. The optimized measurement procedure was strictly validated in linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. To confirm the robustness of the method in matrix, the method was additionally applied to various types of serum, namely hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic serum. The method was then applied to assess the stability of the drugs in serum in order to set sample handling and storage guides for laboratory testing. Lastly, the method was implemented in different LC-MS systems to confirm its applicability across similar equipment commonly used in clinical testing laboratories. The overall results show that the optimized protocol is suitable for the accurate, simultaneous quantification of the six antiviral drugs in serum, and it is anticipated to satisfactorily serve as a reference protocol for the analysis of a wide range of other antiviral drugs for drug monitoring with various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordiana Binti Rosli
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Drug and Toxicology Lab, Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Doğan MF, Kaya K, Demirel HH, Başeğmez M, Şahin Y, Çiftçi O. The effect of vitamin C supplementation on favipiravir-induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory damage in livers and kidneys of rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:521-526. [PMID: 36794622 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2181712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Favipiravir (FPV), an effective antiviral agent, is a drug used to treat influenza and COVID-19 by inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses. FPV has the potential to increase oxidative stress and organ damage. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by FPV in the liver and kidneys of rats, as well as to investigate the curative effects of vitamin C (VitC).Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly and equally divided into the following five groups: 1st; Control, 2nd; FPV = 20 mg/kg, 3rd; FPV = 100 mg/kg, 4th; FPV = 20 mg/kg + VitC (150 mg/kg), and 5th; FPV = 100 mg/kg + VitC (150 mg/kg) groups. Rats were given either FPV (orally) or FPV plus VitC (intramuscular) for 14 days. Rat blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected at 15 days to be analyzed for oxidative and histological changes.Results: FPV administration resulted in an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in the liver and kidney, as well as oxidative and histopathologic damage. FPV increased TBARS levels significantly (p < .05) and decreased GSH and CAT levels in liver and kidney tissues but had no effect on SOD activity. VitC supplementation significantly reduced TNF-a, IL-6, and TBARS levels while increasing GSH and CAT levels (p < .05). Furthermore, VitC significantly attenuated FPV-induced histopathological alterations associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and kidney tissues (p < .05).Conclusion: FPV caused liver and kidney damage in rats. In contrast, co-administration of FPV with VitC improved FPV-induced oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Fatih Doğan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Demirel
- Department of Veterinary, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Bayat Vocational High School, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Başeğmez
- Department of Veterinary, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Acipayam Vocational High School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Çiftçi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Chen L, Chen T, Li R, Xu Y, Xiong Y. Recent Advances in the Study of the Immune Escape Mechanism of SFTSV and Its Therapeutic Agents. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040940. [PMID: 37112920 PMCID: PMC10142331 DOI: 10.3390/v15040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease that has emerged in recent years and is widely distributed, highly contagious, and lethal, with a mortality rate of up to 30%, especially in people with immune system deficiencies and elderly patients. SFTS is an insidious, negative-stranded RNA virus that has a major public health impact worldwide. The development of a vaccine and the hunt for potent therapeutic drugs are crucial to the prevention and treatment of Bunyavirus infection because there is no particular treatment for SFTS. In this respect, investigating the mechanics of SFTS-host cell interactions is crucial for creating antiviral medications. In the present paper, we summarized the mechanism of interaction between SFTS and pattern recognition receptors, endogenous antiviral factors, inflammatory factors, and immune cells. Furthermore, we summarized the current therapeutic drugs used for SFTS treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targets and drugs against SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Broni E, Ashley C, Adams J, Manu H, Aikins E, Okom M, Miller WA, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Cheminformatics-Based Study Identifies Potential Ebola VP40 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076298. [PMID: 37047270 PMCID: PMC10094735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) is still highly infectious and causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in primates. However, there are no regulatorily approved drugs against the Ebola virus disease (EVD). The highly virulent and lethal nature of EVD highlights the need to develop therapeutic agents. Viral protein 40 kDa (VP40), the most abundantly expressed protein during infection, coordinates the assembly, budding, and release of viral particles into the host cell. It also regulates viral transcription and RNA replication. This study sought to identify small molecules that could potentially inhibit the VP40 protein by targeting the N-terminal domain using an in silico approach. The statistical quality of AutoDock Vina’s capacity to discriminate between inhibitors and decoys was determined, and an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.791 was obtained. A total of 29,519 natural-product-derived compounds from Chinese and African sources as well as 2738 approved drugs were successfully screened against VP40. Using a threshold of −8 kcal/mol, a total of 7, 11, 163, and 30 compounds from the AfroDb, Northern African Natural Products Database (NANPDB), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and approved drugs libraries, respectively, were obtained after molecular docking. A biological activity prediction of the lead compounds suggested their potential antiviral properties. In addition, random-forest- and support-vector-machine-based algorithms predicted the compounds to be anti-Ebola with IC50 values in the micromolar range (less than 25 μM). A total of 42 natural-product-derived compounds were identified as potential EBOV inhibitors with desirable ADMET profiles, comprising 1, 2, and 39 compounds from NANPDB (2-hydroxyseneganolide), AfroDb (ZINC000034518176 and ZINC000095485942), and TCM, respectively. A total of 23 approved drugs, including doramectin, glecaprevir, velpatasvir, ledipasvir, avermectin B1, nafarelin acetate, danoprevir, eltrombopag, lanatoside C, and glycyrrhizin, among others, were also predicted to have potential anti-EBOV activity and can be further explored so that they may be repurposed for EVD treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculations corroborated the stability and good binding affinities of the complexes (−46.97 to −118.9 kJ/mol). The potential lead compounds may have the potential to be developed as anti-EBOV drugs after experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Joseph Adams
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
| | - Hammond Manu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Aikins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Mary Okom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
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11
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Kitaura S, Tobiume M, Kawahara M, Satoh M, Kato H, Nakayama N, Nakajima N, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Suzuki T, Moriya K, Saijo M, Ebihara H, Ito-Takayama M. Evaluation of a novel severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model for antiviral drug evaluation against Chandipura virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 213:105582. [PMID: 36948302 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus known to cause fatal encephalitis outbreaks in the Indian subcontinent. The virus displays tropism towards the pediatric population and holds significant public health concerns. Currently, there is no specific, effective therapy for CHPV encephalitis. In this study, we evaluated a novel C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model which can be used for pre-clinical antiviral evaluation. Inoculation of CHPV developed a lethal infection in our model. Plaque assay and immunohistochemistry detected increased viral loads and antigens in various organs, including the brain, spinal cord, adrenal glands, and whole blood. We further conducted a proof-of-concept evaluation of favipiravir in the SCID mouse model. Favipiravir treatment improved survival with pre-symptomatic (days 5-14) and post-symptomatic (days 9-18) treatment. Reduced viral loads were observed in whole blood, kidney/adrenal gland, and brain tissue with favipiravir treatment. The findings in this study demonstrate the utility of SCID mouse for in vivo drug efficacy evaluation and the potential efficacy of favipiravir against CHPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitaura
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tobiume
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kawahara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Satoh
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kato
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mutsuyo Ito-Takayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Alipour S, Mahmoudi L, Ahmadi F. Pulmonary drug delivery: an effective and convenient delivery route to combat COVID-19. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:705-715. [PMID: 36260223 PMCID: PMC9580423 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread rapidly around the world, leading to a widespread and urgent effort to develop and use comprehensive approaches in the treatment of COVID-19. While oral therapy is accepted as an effective and simple method, since the primary site of infection and disease progression of COVID-19 is mainly through the lungs, inhaled drug delivery directly to the lungs may be the most appropriate route of administration. To prevent or treat primary SARS-CoV-2 infections, it is essential to target the virus port of entry in the respiratory tract and airway epithelium, which requires rapid and high-intensity inhibition or control of viral entry or replication. To achieve success in this field, inhalation therapy is the most attractive treatment approach due to efficacy/safety profiles. In this review article, pulmonary drug delivery as a unique treatment option in lung diseases will be briefly reviewed. Then, possible inhalation therapies for the treatment of symptoms of COVID-19 will be discussed and the results of clinical trials will be presented. By pulmonary delivery of the currently approved drugs for COVID-19, efficacy of the treatment would be improved along with reducing systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Alipour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Food & Drug Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Laleh Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Almeida B, Domingues C, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Silva I, Jarak I, Veiga F, Figueiras A. The Role of Cyclodextrins in COVID-19 Therapy-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2974. [PMID: 36769299 PMCID: PMC9918006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread, giving rise to a pandemic crisis. Therefore, it triggered tireless efforts to identify the mechanisms of the disease, how to prevent and treat it, and to limit and hamper its global dissemination. Considering the above, the search for prophylactic approaches has led to a revolution in the reglementary pharmaceutical pipeline, with the approval of vaccines against COVID-19 in an unprecedented way. Moreover, a drug repurposing scheme using regulatory-approved antiretroviral agents is also being pursued. However, their physicochemical characteristics or reported adverse events have sometimes limited their use. Hence, nanotechnology has been employed to potentially overcome some of these challenges, particularly cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that present hydrophobic cavities suitable for complexing several drugs. This review, besides presenting studies on the inclusion of antiviral drugs in cyclodextrins, aims to summarize some currently available prophylactic and therapeutic schemes against COVID-19, highlighting those that already make use of cyclodextrins for their complexation. In addition, some new therapeutic approaches are underscored, and the potential application of cyclodextrins to increase their promising application against COVID-19 will be addressed. This review describes the instances in which the use of cyclodextrins promotes increased bioavailability, antiviral action, and the solubility of the drugs under analysis. The potential use of cyclodextrins as an active ingredient is also covered. Finally, toxicity and regulatory issues as well as future perspectives regarding the use of cyclodextrins in COVID-19 therapy will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Almeida
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Domingues
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Kouba T, Dubankova A, Drncova P, Donati E, Vidossich P, Speranzini V, Pflug A, Huchting J, Meier C, De Vivo M, Cusack S. Direct observation of backtracking by influenza A and B polymerases upon consecutive incorporation of the nucleoside analog T1106. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111901. [PMID: 36596301 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral pseudo-base T705 and its de-fluoro analog T1106 mimic adenine or guanine and can be competitively incorporated into nascent RNA by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Although dispersed, single pseudo-base incorporation is mutagenic, consecutive incorporation causes polymerase stalling and chain termination. Using a template encoding single and then consecutive T1106 incorporation four nucleotides later, we obtained a cryogenic electron microscopy structure of stalled influenza A/H7N9 polymerase. This shows that the entire product-template duplex backtracks by 5 nt, bringing the singly incorporated T1106 to the +1 position, where it forms an unexpected T1106:U wobble base pair. Similar structures show that influenza B polymerase also backtracks after consecutive T1106 incorporation, regardless of whether prior single incorporation has occurred. These results give insight into the unusual mechanism of chain termination by pyrazinecarboxamide base analogs. Consecutive incorporation destabilizes the proximal end of the product-template duplex, promoting irreversible backtracking to a more energetically favorable overall configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kouba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Anna Dubankova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Petra Drncova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Elisa Donati
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Speranzini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alex Pflug
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Johanna Huchting
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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15
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Moriiwa Y, Oyama N, Otsuka R, Morioka K, Shoji A, Yanagida A. Development of a colorimetric assay for quantification of favipiravir in human serum using ferrihydrite. Talanta 2023; 252:123827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Lei S, Chen X, Wu J, Duan X, Men K. Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:387. [PMID: 36464706 PMCID: PMC9719906 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to societies and economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against COVID-19 are in high demand. Along with our improved understanding of the structure, function, and pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2, many small molecules with potential anti-COVID-19 effects have been developed. So far, several antiviral strategies were explored. Besides directly inhibition of viral proteins such as RdRp and Mpro, interference of host enzymes including ACE2 and proteases, and blocking relevant immunoregulatory pathways represented by JAK/STAT, BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways, are regarded feasible in drug development. The development of small molecules to treat COVID-19 has been achieved by several strategies, including computer-aided lead compound design and screening, natural product discovery, drug repurposing, and combination therapy. Several small molecules representative by remdesivir and paxlovid have been proved or authorized emergency use in many countries. And many candidates have entered clinical-trial stage. Nevertheless, due to the epidemiological features and variability issues of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to continue exploring novel strategies against COVID-19. This review discusses the current findings in the development of small molecules for COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, their detailed mechanism of action, chemical structures, and preclinical and clinical efficacies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jieping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Batiha GES, Moubarak M, Shaheen HM, Zakariya AM, Usman IM, Rauf A, Adhikari A, Dey A, Alexiou A, Hetta HF, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Kuraishy HM. Favipiravir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is it Worth it? Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2413-2428. [PMID: 35430987 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220414111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir is a potential antiviral drug undergoing clinical trials to manage various viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Favipiravir possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, these viruses do not have authorized antiviral drugs for the management of diseases resulting from their infection, hence the dire need to accentuate the discovery of antiviral drugs that are efficacious and have a broad spectrum. Favipiravir acts primarily by blocking inward and outward movements of the virus from cells. Favipiravir is a prodrug undergoing intracellular phosphorylation and ribosylation to form an active form, favipiravir-RTP, which binds viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Considering the novel mechanism of favipiravir action, especially in managing viral infections, it is vital to pay more attention to the promised favipiravir hold in the management of SARS-CoV-2, its efficacy, and dosage regimen, and interactions with other drugs. In conclusion, favipiravir possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including COVID- 19. Favipiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of RdRp. Pre-clinical and large-scalp prospective studies are recommended for efficacy and long-term safety of favipiravir in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moubarak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ali M Zakariya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sule Lamido University Kafin, Hausa, Nigeria
| | - Ibe M Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Nepal
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department. of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia and AFNP Med, Austria
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
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18
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Meng C, Zhuo Q, Wang A, Liu J, Yang Z, Niu J. Efficient electrochemical oxidation of COVID-19 treatment drugs favipiravir by a novel flow-through Ti/TiO2-NTA/Ti4O7 anode. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Alattar RA, Abdalla S, Abdallah T, Kazman R, Qadmour A, Ibrahim T, Alhariri B, Shaar SH, Bajwa A, Alimam A, Qazi R, Ben Abid F, Daghfal J, Eldeeb A, Shukri K, Elsayed A, Rustom F, Alsamawi M, Abdelmajid A, Basulto MAP, Cobian AAR, Abukhattab M, Alkhal A, Almaslamani MA, Omrani AS. Favipiravir for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia; a propensity score-matched cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1061-1064. [PMID: 36087547 PMCID: PMC9420008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients who between 23 May 2020 and 18 July 2020 received ≥ 24 h of favipiravir were assigned to the favipiravir group, while those who did not formed the non-favipiravir group. The primary outcome was 28-day clinical improvement, defined as two-category improvement from baseline on an 8-point ordinal scale. Propensity scores (PS) for favipiravir therapy were used for 1:1 matching. The unmatched cohort included 1493 patients, of which 51.7% were in the favipiravir group, and 48.3% were not receiving supplemental oxygen at baseline. Significant baseline differences between the two unmatched groups existed, but not between the PS-matched groups (N = 774). After PS-matching, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion with 28-day clinical improvement (93.3% versus 92.8%, P 0.780), or 28-day all-cause mortality (2.1% versus 3.1%, P 0.360). Favipiravir was associated with more viral clearance by day 28 (79.8% versus 64.1%, P < 0.001). Adverse events were common in both groups, but the 93.9% were Grades 1-3. Favipiravir therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia is well tolerated but is not associated with an increased likelihood of clinical improvement or reduced all-cause mortality by 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tasneem Abdallah
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Kazman
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aseelah Qadmour
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawheeda Ibrahim
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bassem Alhariri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahd H Shaar
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation
| | - Abeer Bajwa
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abeir Alimam
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rabia Qazi
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatma Ben Abid
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ali Eldeeb
- Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kinda Shukri
- Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation
| | - Fatima Rustom
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation
| | - Musaed Alsamawi
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Abdelmajid
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abukhattab
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullatif Alkhal
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna A Almaslamani
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali S Omrani
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Medicine, Qatar University.
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20
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Fang H, Sun Z, Chen Z, Chen A, Sun D, Kong Y, Fang H, Qian G. Bioinformatics and systems-biology analysis to determine the effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 on patients with allergic asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988479. [PMID: 36211429 PMCID: PMC9537444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant challenge for global health systems. Increasing evidence shows that asthma phenotypes and comorbidities are major risk factors for COVID-19 symptom severity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between COVID-19 and asthma are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted bioinformatics and systems biology analysis to identify common pathways and molecular biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 and asthma, as well as potential molecular mechanisms and candidate drugs for treating patients with both COVID-19 and asthma. Methods Two sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE171110 and GSE143192 datasets were intersected to identify common hub genes, shared pathways, and candidate drugs. In addition, murine models were utilized to explore the expression levels and associations of the hub genes in asthma and lung inflammation/injury. Results We discovered 157 common DEGs between the asthma and COVID-19 datasets. A protein–protein-interaction network was built using various combinatorial statistical approaches and bioinformatics tools, which revealed several hub genes and critical modules. Six of the hub genes were markedly elevated in murine asthmatic lungs and were positively associated with IL-5, IL-13 and MUC5AC, which are the key mediators of allergic asthma. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed common associations between asthma and COVID-19 progression. Finally, we identified transcription factor–gene interactions, DEG–microRNA coregulatory networks, and potential drug and chemical-compound interactions using the hub genes. Conclusion We identified the top 15 hub genes that can be used as novel biomarkers of COVID-19 and asthma and discovered several promising candidate drugs that might be helpful for treating patients with COVID-19 and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Fang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anning Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology (High-Tech Branch), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guojun Qian, ; Hao Fang,
| | - Guojun Qian
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guojun Qian, ; Hao Fang,
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21
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Lektemur Alpan A, Torumtay Cin G, Özmen Ö, Doğan MF, Şahin Y. Evaluation of the Effects of Favipiravir Combined with Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:430-440. [PMID: 35599639 PMCID: PMC9109666 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Favipiravir
and Vitamin C (Vit C) were used together in the treatment of the COVID-19
pandemic. However, the effects of favipiravir on the periodontium
are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of Favipiravir and Vit C treatment on alveolar bone
metabolism. Experimental: Fifty
healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (2–3 months old) were randomly
divided into five equal groups (n =
10): Control, Favi 20, Favi 100, Favi 20+Vit C, Favi 100+Vit C.
Favipiravir (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, i.m.)
and Vit C (150 mg/kg/day, oral) were administered to the rats for
14 days. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and histopathological changes
were examined using a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was
used to determine levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor
kappa-B ligand (RANKL), caspase-3, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2)
and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bone tissues. Results: Favipiravir increased the
levels of RANKL and caspase-3 expression but decreased BMP-2 and ALP
levels in a dose-dependent manner. Favi 20+Vit C and Favi 100 +Vit
C groups showed decreased RANKL and caspase-3 levels in addition
to increased BMP-2 and ALP levels. Conclusion: Favipiravir
can cause histopathological damage to the periodontium, but administration
of favipiravir combined with Vit C can provide a protective effect
against this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lektemur Alpan
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - G. Torumtay Cin
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ö. Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - M. F. Doğan
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Y. Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
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22
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Hu H, Tang N, Zhang F, Li L, Li L. Bioinformatics and System Biology Approach to Identify the Influences of COVID-19 on Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860676. [PMID: 35464423 PMCID: PMC9021444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has led to a rapid increase in mortality worldwide. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was a high-risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and CVOID-19 are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and identify potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and RA using bioinformatics and a systems biology approach. Methods Two Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) sets extracted from GSE171110 and GSE1775544 datasets were intersected to generate common DEGs, which were used for functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate drugs analysis. Results A total of 103 common DEGs were identified in the two datasets between RA and COVID-19. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed using various combinatorial statistical methods and bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, hub genes and essential modules were identified from the PPI network. In addition, we performed functional analysis and pathway analysis under ontological conditions and found that there was common association between RA and progression of COVID-19 infection. Finally, transcription factor-gene interactions, protein-drug interactions, and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory networks with common DEGs were also identified in the datasets. Conclusion We successfully identified the top 10 hub genes that could serve as novel targeted therapy for COVID-19 and screened out some potential drugs useful for COVID-19 patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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23
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Qin J, Lin J, Zhang X, Yuan S, Zhang C, Yin Y. Evaluation of the Clinical Effectiveness of Oseltamivir for Influenza Treatment in Children. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849545. [PMID: 35462914 PMCID: PMC9020783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir in children with different subtypes of influenza virus infection. Methods: A total of 998 children with acute respiratory infection were enrolled from January to March 2018, and were divided into influenza A, influenza B, influenza A + B, and non-influenza infection (IV-negative) groups. Influenza-like symptoms and duration of fever were evaluated and compared between oseltamivir-treated and non-treated groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the reduction in total febrile period and duration of fever from the onset of therapy between the oseltamivir treated and non-treated children infected with influenza A (p = 0.6885 for total febrile period and 0.7904 for the duration of fever from the onset of treatment), influenza B (p = 0.1462 and 0.1966), influenza A + B (p = 0.5568 and 0.9320), and IV-negative (p = 0.7631 and 0.4655). The duration of fever in children received oseltamivir therapy within 48 h was not significantly shorter than that beyond 48 h (p > 0.05). Additionally, percentages and severities of influenza-like symptoms, including headache, myalgia, fatigue, bellyache, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, cough, and coryza were not decreased and alleviated after treatment of oseltamivir. Conclusion: Oseltamivir treatment does not significantly shorten the duration of fever, nor does it significantly relieve influenza-like symptoms in children with infection of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Qin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jilei Lin
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Negru PA, Radu AF, Vesa CM, Behl T, Abdel-Daim MM, Nechifor AC, Endres L, Stoicescu M, Pasca B, Tit DM, Bungau SG. Therapeutic dilemmas in addressing SARS-CoV-2 infection: Favipiravir versus Remdesivir. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112700. [PMID: 35131656 PMCID: PMC8813547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an unmet clinical need, due to a high mortality rate, rapid mutation rate in the virus, increased chances of reinfection, lack of effectiveness of repurposed drugs and economic damage. COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for effective molecules. Clinically proven efficacy and safety profiles have made favipiravir (FVP) and remdesivir (RDV) promising therapeutic options for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Even though both are prodrug molecules with an antiviral role based on a similar mechanism of action, differences in pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacotoxicological mechanisms have been identified. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of FVP and RDV against SARS-CoV-2 infections, by centralizing medical data provided by significant literature and authorized clinical trials, focusing on the importance of a better understanding of the interactions between drug molecules and infectious agents in order to improve the global management of COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Andrei Negru
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jedah 21442, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Bianca Pasca
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
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25
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Smyk JM, Majewska A. Favipiravir in the Battle with Respiratory Viruses. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2224-2236. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220218122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Among antiviral drugs, the vast majority targets only one or two related viruses. The conventional model, one virus - one drug, significantly limits therapeutic options. Therefore, in the strategy of controlling viral infections, there is a necessity to develop compounds with pleiotropic effects. Favipiravir (FPV) emerged as a strong candidate to become such a drug. The aim of the study is to present up-to-date information on the role of favipiravir in the treatment of viral respiratory infections. The anti-influenza activity of favipiravir has been confirmed in cell culture experiments, animal models and clinical trials. Thoroughly different - from the previously registered drugs - mechanism of action suggests that FVP can be used as a countermeasure for the novel or re-emerging influenza virus infections.
In recent months, favipiravir has been broadly investigated due to its potential efficacy in the treatment of Covid-19. Based on preclinical and clinical studies and a recently published meta-analysis it seems that favipiravir may be a promising antiviral drug in the treatment of patients with Covid-19.
FPV is also effective against other RNA respiratory viruses and may be a candidate for the treatment of serious infections caused by human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Smyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Waters MD, Warren S, Hughes C, Lewis P, Zhang F. Human genetic risk of treatment with antiviral nucleoside analog drugs that induce lethal mutagenesis: The special case of molnupiravir. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:37-63. [PMID: 35023215 DOI: 10.1002/em.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review considers antiviral nucleoside analog drugs, including ribavirin, favipiravir, and molnupiravir, which induce genome error catastrophe in SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 via lethal mutagenesis as a mode of action. In vitro data indicate that molnupiravir may be 100 times more potent as an antiviral agent than ribavirin or favipiravir. Molnupiravir has recently demonstrated efficacy in a phase 3 clinical trial. Because of its anticipated global use, its relative potency, and the reported in vitro "host" cell mutagenicity of its active principle, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine, we have reviewed the development of molnupiravir and its genotoxicity safety evaluation, as well as the genotoxicity profiles of three congeners, that is, ribavirin, favipiravir, and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. We consider the potential genetic risks of molnupiravir on the basis of all available information and focus on the need for additional human genotoxicity data and follow-up in patients treated with molnupiravir and similar drugs. Such human data are especially relevant for antiviral NAs that have the potential of permanently modifying the genomes of treated patients and/or causing human teratogenicity or embryotoxicity. We conclude that the results of preclinical genotoxicity studies and phase 1 human clinical safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics are critical components of drug safety assessments and sentinels of unanticipated adverse health effects. We provide our rationale for performing more thorough genotoxicity testing prior to and within phase 1 clinical trials, including human PIG-A and error corrected next generation sequencing (duplex sequencing) studies in DNA and mitochondrial DNA of patients treated with antiviral NAs that induce genome error catastrophe via lethal mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Waters
- Michael Waters Consulting USA, Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Claude Hughes
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Fengyu Zhang
- Global Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Gaonkar SL, D D, Hakkimane SS. Favipiravir (6‐Fluoro‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrazinecarboxamide) a Broad Spectrum Inhibitor of Viral RNA Polymerase in COVID‐19 Treatment. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh L. Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Deepika D
- Department of Chemistry Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Sushruta S. Hakkimane
- Department of Biotechnology Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
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28
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Qomara WF, Primanissa DN, Amalia SH, Purwadi FV, Zakiyah N. Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8557-8571. [PMID: 34849001 PMCID: PMC8627269 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s332458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain that causes acute respiratory illnesses known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is limited information regarding the therapeutic management for this disease. Several studies have stated that antivirals drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir may potentially inhibit the virus from spreading to the host. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical effectiveness and safety of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir on COVID-19. METHODS The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2021 to identify eligible experimental randomized controlled trials on remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19 patients. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. RESULTS From 158 references, 15 studies were included in the review. The results showed that remdesivir has some potential benefits for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as seen from clinical improvements such as faster recovery time, less duration of hospitalization, and fewer respiratory side effects among COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of remdesivir in reducing mortality remains uncertain. Treatment with favipiravir has shown promising improvement in the clinical status of COVID-19 patients, although the results suggested no significant differences in some clinical parameters such as length of hospitalizations and clinical recovery. A combination of favipiravir with other supportive therapy showed more favorable outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients reported no significant clinical improvement compared to standard care with notable adverse effect reactions. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of the evidence-based role of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the management of COVID-19. A thorough assessment of the benefit-risk profile in COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. The current review was based on very limited available data; therefore, further well-designed clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windi Fresha Qomara
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Delya Nur Primanissa
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Salma Hasni Amalia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Febby V Purwadi
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Neily Zakiyah
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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29
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Zahraa Talib Khudhair, Shihab MS, Hamah-Ameen B. Drugs that Might Be Possibly Used for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021; 47:789-804. [PMID: 34456540 PMCID: PMC8380022 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The drug development process for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the research process to create a preventive vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug to relieve the severity of 2019-2020 (COVID-19). In different stages of preclinical or clinical research, several hundred special scientific research centers, research organizations, and health agencies have developed and tried enormous numbers of vaccine candidates and new drugs for COVID-19 disease. In order to identify new therapies against COVID-19, several clinical trials have been in progress worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Salih Shihab
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, 10001 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Baram Hamah-Ameen
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, 46001 Sulaimaneyah, Iraq
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30
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Eryavuz Onmaz D, Abusoglu S, Onmaz M, Yerlikaya FH, Unlu A. Development and validation of a sensitive, fast and simple LC-MS / MS method for the quantitation of favipiravir in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1176:122768. [PMID: 34052564 PMCID: PMC8133798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. It is currently used as a possible treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pre-clinical or clinical trials of favipiravir require robust, sensitive, and accurate bioanalytical methods for quantitation of favipiravir levels. Recently, several studies have been reported about developing a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for measuring favipiravir levels. However, these methods were validated predominantly for plasma samples, electrospray ionization was operated only in negative or positive mode, and clinical application of these methods has not been applied for patients with COVID-19. This study aimed was to develop a validated LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of favipiravir levels in positive and negative electrospray ionization mode and to perform a pilot study in patients with COVID-19 receiving favipiravir to demonstrate the applicability of this method in biological samples. Simple protein precipitation was used for the extraction of favipiravir from the desired matrix. Favipiravir levels were quantitated using MS / MS with an electrospray ionization source in positive and negative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The chromatographic detection was performed on a reverse-phase Phenomenex C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, 100 Å) with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as mobile phase. The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.048-50 µg/mL (in negative ionization mode) and 0.062-50 µg/mL (in positive ionization mode) with a correlation coefficient (r2) better than 0.998. The total run time was 3.5 min. The intra-assay and inter-assay %CV values were less than 7.2% and 8.0%, respectively. A simple, rapid and robust LC-MS / MS method was developed for the measurement of favipiravir and validation studies were performed. The validated method was successfully applied for drug level measurement in COVID-19 patients receiving favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Abusoglu
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Onmaz
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Unlu
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
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Discovery of ( E)- N-(4-cyanobenzylidene)- 6-fluoro- 3-hydroxypyrazine-2 -carboxamide (cyanorona-20): the first potent and specific anti-COVID-19 drug. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021; 75:4669-4685. [PMID: 34025012 PMCID: PMC8126404 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Specific inhibition of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the newly-emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a very promising strategy for developing highly potent medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, almost all of the reported viral RdRp inhibitors (either repurposed drugs or new antiviral agents) lack selectivity against the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Herein, I discovered a new favipiravir derivative, (E)-N-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (cyanorona-20), as the first potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with very high selectivity (209- and 45-fold more potent than favipiravir and remdesivir, respectively). Based on the significant reduction in the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication/copies, strong computational cyanorona-20 ligand-RdRp protein interactions, and anti-RdRp activity of the parent favipiravir drug, SARS-CoV-2 inhibition is thought to be mediated through the coronaviral-2 RdRp inhibition. This promising selective anti-COVID-19 compound is also, to the best of our knowledge, the first bioactive derivative of favipiravir, the known antiinfluenza and antiviral drug. This new nucleoside analog was designed, synthesized, characterized, computationally studied (through pharmacokinetic calculations along with computational molecular modeling and prediction), and biologically evaluated for its anti-COVID-19 activities (through a validated in vitro anti-COVID-19 assay). The results of the biological assay showed that cyanorona-20 surprisingly exhibited very significant anti-COVID-19 activity (anti-SARS-CoV-2 EC50 = 0.45 μM), and, in addition, it could be also a very promising lead compound for the design of new anti-COVID-19 agents. Cyanorona-20 is a new favipiravir derivative with promise for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-021-01640-9.
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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