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Kim TW, Koo SY, Riessland M, Chaudhry F, Kolisnyk B, Cho HS, Russo MV, Saurat N, Mehta S, Garippa R, Betel D, Studer L. TNF-NF-κB-p53 axis restricts in vivo survival of hPSC-derived dopamine neurons. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00575-0. [PMID: 38866017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing, early-stage clinical trials illustrate the translational potential of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based cell therapies in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, an unresolved challenge is the extensive cell death following transplantation. Here, we performed a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screen to enhance postmitotic dopamine neuron survival in vivo. We identified p53-mediated apoptotic cell death as a major contributor to dopamine neuron loss and uncovered a causal link of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling in limiting cell survival. As a translationally relevant strategy to purify postmitotic dopamine neurons, we identified cell surface markers that enable purification without the need for genetic reporters. Combining cell sorting and treatment with adalimumab, a clinically approved TNF-α inhibitor, enabled efficient engraftment of postmitotic dopamine neurons with extensive reinnervation and functional recovery in a preclinical PD mouse model. Thus, transient TNF-α inhibition presents a clinically relevant strategy to enhance survival and enable engraftment of postmitotic hPSC-derived dopamine neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Neuroscience PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Riessland
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Fayzan Chaudhry
- Tri-Institutional PhD program in Computational Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Kolisnyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hyein S Cho
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marco Vincenzo Russo
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nathalie Saurat
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Deliz JR, Tanner CM, Gonzalez-Latapi P. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:163-179. [PMID: 38642225 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent decades, epidemiological understanding of Parkinson disease (PD) has evolved significantly. Major discoveries in genetics and large epidemiological investigations have provided a better understanding of the genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. In this review, we provide an epidemiological update of PD with a particular focus on advances in the last five years of published literature. RECENT FINDINGS We include an overview of PD pathophysiology, followed by a detailed discussion of the known distribution of disease and varied determinants of disease. We describe investigations of risk factors for PD, and provide a critical summary of current knowledge, knowledge gaps, and both clinical and research implications. We emphasize the need to characterize the epidemiology of the disease in diverse populations. Despite increasing understanding of PD epidemiology, recent paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of PD as a biological entity will also impact epidemiological research moving forward and guide further work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Deliz
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California -San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Yoon J, Hong SW, Han KD, Lee SW, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH, Kim JS, Yoon H. Risk Factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Gut Liver 2024; 18:489-497. [PMID: 37867439 PMCID: PMC11096914 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims : Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a rare but potentially fatal infection. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for PJP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods : This nationwide, population-based study was conducted in Korea using claims data. Cases of PJP were identified in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) between 2010 and 2017, and the clinical data of each patient was analyzed. Dual and triple therapy was defined as the simultaneous prescription of two or three of the following drugs: steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, immunomodulators, and biologics. Results : During the mean follow-up period (4.6±2.3 years), 84 cases of PJP were identified in 39,462 IBD patients (31 CD and 53 UC). For CD patients, only age at diagnosis >40 years (hazard ratio [HR], 6.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 23.80) was significantly associated with the risk of PJP, whereas in UC patients, diagnoses of diabetes (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.31) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.52) showed significant associations with PJP risk. Triple therapy increased PJP risk in both UC (HR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.54 to 9.88) and CD patients (HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.32 to 14.48). However, dual therapy increased PJP risk only in UC patients (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.70). Additionally, 23 patients (27%) received intensive care treatment, and 10 (12%) died within 30 days. Conclusions : PJP risk factors differ in CD and UC patients. Considering the potential fatality of PJP, prophylaxis should be considered for at-risk IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zong J, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Yang X, Yang X. The two-directional prospective association between inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325908. [PMID: 38720896 PMCID: PMC11076839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies reported possible connections between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the comprehensive relationships between IBD and various neurodegenerative disorders were not summarized. We executed a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to provide an estimate of the strength of the two-directional prospective association between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods We accomplished a thorough bibliographic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases until June 2023 to locate relevant longitudinal studies. The extracted data were then analyzed via meta-analysis using either a fixed or random effects model. Results The final analysis encompassed 27 studies. Individuals with IBD faced an increased risk of developing four neurodegenerative disorders than the general public, namely, Alzheimer's disease (hazard ratio[HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.77, P=0.031), dementia (HR =1.24, 95% CI: 1.13-1.36, P<0.001), multiple sclerosis (HR =2.07, 95% CI:1.42-3.02, P<0.001) and Parkinson's disease (HR =1.23, 95% CI:1.10-1.38, P<0.001). Two articles reported an increased incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple system atrophy in IBD patients. Three studies investigated the prospective association between multiple sclerosis and IBD, revealing an elevated risk of the latter in patients with the former. (HR=1.87, 95% CI:1.66-2.10, P<0.001). Interpretation These findings verified the two-directional relationship between the brain-gut axis, specifically demonstrating a heightened risk of various neurodegenerative diseases among IBD patients. It may be profitable to prepare screening strategies for IBD patients to find neurodegenerative diseases during the long-term course of treatment for IBD with a view to potential earlier diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, reducing public health and social burden. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (CRD42023437553).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huipeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Yao L, Yang Y, Yang X, Rezaei MJ. The Interaction Between Nutraceuticals and Gut Microbiota: a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Prevent and Treatment Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2. [PMID: 38587699 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Emerging research has shed light on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, berberine, phytoestrogens, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, EGCG, and fisetin), dietary fibers have been shown to influence gut microbiota composition and function, restoring microbial balance and enhancing the gut-brain axis. The mechanisms underlying these benefits involve microbial metabolite production, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics have shown potential in promoting gut health, influencing the gut microbiome, and alleviating PD symptoms. They can enhance the gut's antioxidant capacity of the gut, reduce inflammation, and maintain immune homeostasis, contributing to a neuroprotective environment. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of nutraceuticals and gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and management of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their effectiveness and safety. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach involving nutraceuticals and gut microbiota may open new avenues for addressing the challenges of PD and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yao
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Mohammad J Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Leitão AMF, Gondim FDAA. On the Risk of Neurological Disorders in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae074. [PMID: 38567526 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
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Stoll AC, Kemp CJ, Patterson JR, Howe JW, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE, Benskey MJ. Neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles of reactive glia in the substantia nigra suggest a multidimensional immune response to alpha synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106411. [PMID: 38228253 PMCID: PMC10869642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and neuroinflammation. The presence of reactive glia correlates with deposition of pathological α-syn in early-stage PD. Thus, understanding the neuroinflammatory response of microglia and astrocytes to synucleinopathy may identify therapeutic targets. Here we characterized the neuroinflammatory gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes in the SNpc during early synucleinopathy in the rat α-syn pre-formed fibril (PFF) model. Rats received intrastriatal injection of α-syn PFFs and expression of immune genes was quantified with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), after which fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize gene expression to microglia or astrocytes in the SNpc. Genes previously associated with reactive microglia (Cd74, C1qa, Stat1, Axl, Casp1, Il18, Lyz2) and reactive astrocytes (C3, Gbp2, Serping1) were significantly upregulated in the SN of PFF injected rats. Localization of gene expression to SNpc microglia near α-syn aggregates identified a unique α-syn aggregate microglial gene expression profile characterized by upregulation of Cd74, Cxcl10, Rt-1a2, Grn, Csf1r, Tyrobp, C3, C1qa, Serping1 and Fcer1g. Importantly, significant microglial upregulation of Cd74 and C3 were only observed following injection of α-syn PFFs, not α-syn monomer, confirming specificity to α-syn aggregation. Serping1 expression also localized to astrocytes in the SNpc. Interestingly, C3 expression in the SNpc localized to microglia at 2- and 4-months post-PFF, but to astrocytes at 6-months post-PFF. We also observed expression of Rt1-a2 and Cxcl10 in SNpc dopamine neurons. Cumulatively our results identify a dynamic, yet reproducible gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes associated with early synucleinopathy in the rat SNpc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Zamani M, Ebrahimtabar F, Alizadeh-Tabari S, Kasner SE, Elkind MSV, Ananthakrishnan AN, Choden T, Rubin DT, Malekzadeh R. Risk of Common Neurological Disorders in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae012. [PMID: 38271615 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies investigated the risks of neurological conditions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with some variability in findings. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence to elucidate the association between IBD and the risks of common neurological disorders. METHODS We conducted a literature search through Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases from inception to June 30, 2023, to identify cohort studies assessing the risk of developing stroke, all-cause dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), seizure/epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy in adult IBD patients compared with non-IBD population. We combined hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compute pooled estimates using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 22 cohort studies were included, of which 9 studies reported 7074 stroke events in 202 460 IBD patients, 5 studies reported 3783 all-cause dementia diagnoses in 109 602 IBD patients, 7 studies reported 932 PD diagnoses in 354 792 IBD patients, and 1 study reported 6 MS events in 35 581 IBD patients. We observed increased risks of incident stroke (pooled HR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31), all-cause dementia (pooled HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.38), PD (pooled HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58), and MS (HR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.02-8.42). No eligible studies were found on peripheral neuropathy and seizure/epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory bowel disease may be modestly associated with increased risks of stroke, all-cause dementia, and PD. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate potential links with MS, seizure/epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy, as well as their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Alizadeh-Tabari
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tenzin Choden
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang HL, Wang ZY, Tian J, Ma DR, Shi CH. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study of 468,556 UK biobank participants. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1294879. [PMID: 38288279 PMCID: PMC10822879 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1294879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both chronic, progressive disorders. As such, given the inconclusive results of extensive research on the association between IBD and PD, our study intends to examine this relationship further using the UK Biobank database. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using the Cox proportional hazards model, analyzing data from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between IBD and PD, following subjects until PD diagnosis, loss to follow up, death or study termination on 30 June, 2023. Results The results show that IBD had no effect on the risk of PD (HR: 1.356, 95% CI: 0.941-1.955, p = 0.103), and the effect remained consistent in specific Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or unclassified IBD populations. In addition, after sensitivity analysis using propensity matching scores and excluding patients diagnosed with PD 5 or 10 years after baseline, IBD had no effect on the risk of PD. However, in the subgroup analysis, we found that in females (HR: 1.989, 95% CI: 1.032-3.835, p = 0.040), the polygenic risk score was highest (HR: 2.476, 95% CI: 1.401-4.374, p = 0.002), and having ulcerative colitis without hypertension (HR: 2.042, 95% CI: 1.128-3.697, p = 0.018) was associated with an increased risk of PD. Conclusion In conclusion, over an average follow-up period of 13.93 years, we found no significant association between IBD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-li Wang
- Department of Surgery ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong-rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-he Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Lee CH, Han K, Lee HJ, Yu H, Kim S, Choi K, Koh SJ, Im JP, Kim JS. Migraine is associated with the development of adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide, population-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1157. [PMID: 38212517 PMCID: PMC10784488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that migraine is more common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in general. However, the impact of migraine on the development of IBD has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between migraine and the development of IBD. This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. A total of 10,628,070 people aged 20 years or older who had undergone a national health examination conducted by the NHIS in 2009 were followed up until 2017. The study population was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of migraine. We analyzed the incidence of newly developed IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) during the follow-up period. The incidence of IBD was significantly higher in patients with migraine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% confidence interval [95%CI] of 1.31 [1.173-1.468], p < 0.001), CD (aHR with 95%CI of 1.58 [1.237-2.013], p < 0.001) and UC (aHR with 95%CI of 1.26 [1.106-1.424], p < 0.001) than in those without migraine. After 5 years of follow-up, those with migraine showed curves implying cumulative incidences of IBD with a steep increase, especially for CD. In subgroup analysis, migraine was associated with the risk of UC in males (aHR, 1.431 vs. 1.117; interaction p = 0.042). Migraine is significantly associated with the development of IBD. Patients with migraine should be monitored carefully for the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Hosun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seulji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kookhwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
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11
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Koyanagi Y, Kassai M, Yoneyama H. The Impact of Intestinal Microbiota and Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling on α-Synuclein Pathology in Nontransgenic Mice Injected with α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils. Microorganisms 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38257933 PMCID: PMC10818728 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which can bind lipoteichoic acid produced by microbiota, might contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by α-synuclein accumulation. Although the contribution of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 to PD pathology was validated in genetic PD models, evidence suggests that the effects of TLR2 signaling on proteinopathy might depend on the presence of a genetic etiology. We examined the impact of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 signaling on α-synuclein pathology in a nontransgenic mouse model of sporadic PD. While an α-synuclein preformed fibrils injection successfully reproduced PD pathology by inducing accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, microglial activation and increased TLR2 expression in the brains of nontransgenic mice, antibiotic-induced reduction in the density of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 knockout had small impact on these changes. These findings, which are in contrast to those reported in transgenic mice harboring transgene encoding α-synuclein, indicate that the contribution of intestinal microbiota and TLR2 signaling to α-synuclein pathogenesis might be influenced by the presence of a genetic etiology. Additionally, these findings suggest that integrating insights from this experimental model and genetic models would further advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan;
- Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Momoe Kassai
- Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan;
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12
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Yang ZX, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Liu YF, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhou C, Gao HW, Zhang NX, Feng LY. Addition of α-synuclein aggregates to the intestinal environment recapitulates Parkinsonian symptoms in model systems. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:36-51. [PMID: 37684382 PMCID: PMC10770087 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms of gut-brain transmission mainly focus on α-synuclein deposition, intestinal inflammation and microbiota function. A few studies have shown the trigger of PD pathology in the gut. α-Synuclein is highly conserved in food products, which was able to form β-folded aggregates and to infect the intestinal mucosa. In this study we investigated whether α-synuclein-preformed fibril (PFF) exposure could modulate the intestinal environment and induce rodent models replicating PD pathology. We first showed that PFF could be internalized into co-cultured Caco-2/HT29/Raji b cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PFF perfusion caused the intestinal inflammation and activation of enteric glial cells in an ex vivo intestinal organ culture and in an in vivo intestinal mouse coloclysis model. Moreover, we found that PFF exposure through regular coloclysis induced PD pathology in wild-type (WT) and A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice with various phenotypes. Particularly in A53T mice, PFF induced significant behavioral disorders, intestinal inflammation, α-synuclein deposition, microbiota dysbiosis, glial activation as well as degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In WT mice, however, the PFF induced only mild behavioral abnormalities, intestinal inflammation, α-synuclein deposition, and glial activation, without significant changes in microbiota and dopaminergic neurons. Our results reveal the possibility of α-synuclein aggregates binding to the intestinal mucosa and modeling PD in mice. This study may shed light on the investigation and early intervention of the gut-origin hypothesis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui-Wen Gao
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Nai-Xia Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lin-Yin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Tang B, Guo J. Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 38098067 PMCID: PMC10722742 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before the motor symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance, describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD, and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs. In addition, this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang LY, Fang Y, Li C, Xia DD, Zhang G, Wen Y, Zhang SZ, Hu L, Gu LY, Liu Y, Tian J, Yan YP, Yin XZ, Tao ZH, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody accompanied by gut mycobiota dysbiosis as a biomarker of diagnosis in patients with de novo Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3462-3470. [PMID: 36694359 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis contribute to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis, and growing evidence suggests associations between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and PD. Considered as markers of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) levels, against certain gut fungal components, are related to IBD, but their effect on PD is yet to be investigated. METHODS Serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gut mycobiota communities were investigated using ITS2 sequencing and analyzed using the Qiime pipeline. RESULTS The study included 393 subjects (148 healthy controls [HCs], 140 with PD, and 105 with essential tremor [ET]). Both serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the ET and HC groups. Combining serum ASCA levels and the occurrence of constipation could discriminate patients with PD from controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-0.86) and from patients with ET (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.89). Furthermore, the composition of the gut fungal community differed between the PD and HC groups. The relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus, Candida solani, Aspergillus flavus, ASV601_Fungi, ASV866_Fungi, and ASV755_Fungi were significantly higher in the PD group, and enriched Malassezia restricta was found in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified elevated serum ASCA levels and enriched gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in de novo PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Yan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Tao
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Konings B, Villatoro L, Van den Eynde J, Barahona G, Burns R, McKnight M, Hui K, Yenokyan G, Tack J, Pasricha PJ. Gastrointestinal syndromes preceding a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: testing Braak's hypothesis using a nationwide database for comparison with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular diseases. Gut 2023; 72:2103-2111. [PMID: 37620120 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Braak's hypothesis states that Parkinson's disease (PD) originates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and similar associations have been established for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to determine the incidence of GI syndromes and interventions preceding PD compared with negative controls (NCs), AD and CVD. DESIGN We performed a combined case-control and cohort study using TriNetX, a US based nationwide medical record network. Firstly, we compared subjects with new onset idiopathic PD with matched NCs and patients with contemporary diagnoses of AD and CVD, to investigate preceding GI syndromes, appendectomy and vagotomy. Secondly, we compared cohorts with these exposures to matched NCs for the development of PD, AD and CVD within 5 years. RESULTS We identified 24 624 PD patients in the case-control analysis and matched 18 cohorts with each exposure to their NCs. Gastroparesis, dysphagia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) without diarrhoea and constipation showed specific associations with PD (vs NCs, AD and CVD) in both the case-control (odds ratios (ORs) vs NCs 4.64, 3.58, 3.53 and 3.32, respectively, all p<0.0001) and cohort analyses (relative risks (RRs) vs NCs 2.43, 2.27, 1.17 and 2.38, respectively, all p<0.05). While functional dyspepsia, IBS with diarrhoea, diarrhoea and faecal incontinence were not PD specific, IBS with constipation and intestinal pseudo-obstruction showed PD specificity in the case-control (OR 4.11) and cohort analysis (RR 1.84), respectively. Appendectomy decreased the risk of PD in the cohort analysis (RR 0.48). Neither inflammatory bowel disease nor vagotomy were associated with PD. CONCLUSION Dysphagia, gastroparesis, IBS without diarrhoea and constipation might specifically predict Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Konings
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luisa Villatoro
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jef Van den Eynde
- Department of Cardiology, KU Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Robert Burns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan McKnight
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Liu Z, Lemus J, Smirnova IV, Liu W. Rehabilitation for non-motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease from an α-synuclein perspective: a narrative review. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2023; 3:235-257. [PMID: 37920444 PMCID: PMC10621781 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting aged population around the world. PD is characterized by neuronal Lewy bodies present in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the loss of dopaminergic neurons with various motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the disease. The protein α-synuclein has been extensively studied for its contribution to PD pathology, as α-synuclein aggregates form the major component of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of PD. In this narrative review, the authors first focus on a brief explanation of α-synuclein aggregation and circumstances under which aggregation can occur, then present a hypothesis for PD pathogenesis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and how PD can spread to the central nervous system from the PNS via the transport of α-synuclein aggregates. This article presents arguments both for and against this hypothesis. It also presents various non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches and management techniques for both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and the related pathology. This review seeks to examine a possible hypothesis of PD pathogenesis and points to a new research direction focus on rehabilitation therapy for patients with PD. As various non-motor symptoms of PD appear to occur earlier than motor symptoms, more focus on the treatment of non-motor symptoms as well as a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behind those non-motor symptoms may lead to better long-term outcomes for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jessica Lemus
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Irina V. Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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17
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Cabezudo D, Tsafaras G, Van Acker E, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Mutant LRRK2 exacerbates immune response and neurodegeneration in a chronic model of experimental colitis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:245-261. [PMID: 37289222 PMCID: PMC10328902 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut and the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is currently a subject of intense research. Indeed, gastrointestinal dysfunction is known as an early symptom in PD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has recently been recognised as a risk factor for PD. The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a PD- and IBD-related protein with highest expression in immune cells. In this study, we provide evidence for a central role of LRRK2 in gut inflammation and PD. The presence of the gain-of-function G2019S mutation significantly increases the disease phenotype and inflammatory response in a mouse model of experimental colitis based on chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) administration. Bone marrow transplantation of wild-type cells into G2019S knock-in mice fully rescued this exacerbated response, proving the key role of mutant LRRK2 in immune cells in this experimental colitis model. Furthermore, partial pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity also reduced the colitis phenotype and inflammation. Moreover, chronic experimental colitis also induced neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain of G2019S knock-in mice. Finally, combination of experimental colitis with overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra aggravated motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in G2019S knock-in mice. Taken together, our results link LRRK2 with the immune response in colitis and provide evidence that gut inflammation can impact brain homeostasis and contribute to neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cabezudo
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Acker
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Hey GE, Vedam-Mai V, Beke M, Amaris M, Ramirez-Zamora A. The Interface between Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Neuroinflammation, and Neurological Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:572-582. [PMID: 37562450 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations including peripheral nerve involvement, increased risk of thrombotic, demyelinating and events. Furthermore, an evolving association between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders has been recognized, and early data suggests an increased risk of these disorders in patients diagnosed with IBD. The relationship between intestinal inflammatory disease and neuroinflammation is complex, but the bidirectional interaction between the brain-gut-microbiome axis is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Identification of common mechanisms and pathways will be key to developing potential therapies. In this review, we discuss the evolving interface between IBD and neurological conditions, with a focus on clinical, mechanistic, and potentially therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Hey
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Matthew Beke
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Manuel Amaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Kim JS, Chen MH, Wang HE, Lu CL, Wang YP, Zhang B. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Gut Liver 2023; 17:495-504. [PMID: 36843420 PMCID: PMC10352055 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated an intricate association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and neurodegenerative conditions, expanding beyond previous foci of comorbidities between IBD and mood disorders. These new discoveries stem from an improved understanding of the gut-microbiome-brain axis: specifically, the ability of the intestinal microbiota to modulate inflammation and regulate neuromodulatory compounds. Clinical retrospective studies incorporating large sample sizes and population-based cohorts have demonstrated and confirmed the relevance of IBD and chronic neurodegeneration in clinical medicine. In this review, we expound upon the current knowledge on the gut-microbiome-brain axis, highlighting several plausible mechanisms linking IBD with neurodegeneration. We also summarize the known associations between IBD with Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia and ischemic stroke, and multiple sclerosis in a clinical context. Finally, we discuss the implications of an improved understanding of the gut-microbiome-brain axis in preventing, diagnosing, and managing neurodegeneration among IBD and non-IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hohui E. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Liang Lu
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Impact of Sex on Neuroimmune contributions to Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2023:110668. [PMID: 37196734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation has been observed in both the idiopathic and familial forms of PD. Importantly, PD is reported more often in men than in women, men having at least 1.5- fold higher risk to develop PD than women. This review summarizes the impact of biological sex and sex hormones on the neuroimmune contributions to PD and its investigation in animal models of PD. Innate and peripheral immune systems participate in the brain neuroinflammation of PD patients and is reproduced in neurotoxin, genetic and alpha-synuclein based models of PD. Microglia and astrocytes are the main cells of the innate immune system in the central nervous system and are the first to react to restore homeostasis in the brain. Analysis of serum immunoprofiles in female and male control and PD patients show that a great proportion of these markers differ between male and female. The relationship between CSF inflammatory markers and PD clinical characteristics or PD biomarkers shows sex differences. Conversely, in animal models of PD, sex differences in inflammation are well documented and the beneficial effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogenic modulation in inflammation have been reported. Targeting neuroinflammation in PD is an emerging therapeutic option but gonadal drugs have not yet been investigated in this respect, thus offering new opportunities for sex specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada.
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada.
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
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21
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Hirayama M, Nishiwaki H, Hamaguchi T, Ohno K. Gastrointestinal disorders in Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37147392 PMCID: PMC10160728 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein fibrils (Lewy bodies) in the substantia nigra and other brain regions, although the role of Lewy bodies remains elusive. Constipation usually precedes the motor symptoms in PD, which is in accordance with the notion that α-synuclein fibrils start from the intestinal neural plexus and ascend to the brain in at least half of PD patients. The gut microbiota is likely to be involved in intestinal and brain pathologies. Analyses of the gut microbiota in PD, rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder, and dementia with Lewy bodies suggest three pathological pathways. First, Akkermansia, which is increased in PD, degrades the intestinal mucus layer and increases intestinal permeability, which triggers inflammation and oxidative stress in the intestinal neural plexus. Second, decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria in PD reduce the number of regulatory T cells. Third, SCFAs also aggravate microglial activation with an unelucidated pathway. In addition, in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is another form of α-synucleinopathies, increased genera, Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella, may mitigate neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra by increasing secondary bile acids. Interventions for the gut microbiota and their metabolites may potentially delay or mitigate the development and progression of PD and other Lewy body diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiwaki
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hamaguchi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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22
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Anderson G, Almulla AF, Reiter RJ, Maes M. Redefining Autoimmune Disorders' Pathoetiology: Implications for Mood and Psychotic Disorders' Association with Neurodegenerative and Classical Autoimmune Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091237. [PMID: 37174637 PMCID: PMC10177037 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previously restricted to a limited number of medical conditions, there is a growing appreciation that 'autoimmune' (or immune-mediated) processes are important aspects of a wide array of diverse medical conditions, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. All of these classes of medical conditions are associated with alterations in mitochondrial function across an array of diverse cell types. Accumulating data indicate the presence of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in possibly all body cells, with important consequences for pathways crucial in driving CD8+ T cell and B-cell 'autoimmune'-linked processes. Melatonin suppression coupled with the upregulation of oxidative stress suppress PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin-driven mitophagy, raising the levels of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1, which underpins the chemoattraction of CD8+ T cells and the activation of antibody-producing B-cells. Many factors and processes closely associated with autoimmunity, including gut microbiome/permeability, circadian rhythms, aging, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) all interact with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. A number of future research directions and novel treatment implications are indicated for this wide collection of poorly conceptualized and treated medical presentations. It is proposed that the etiology of many 'autoimmune'/'immune-mediated' disorders should be conceptualized as significantly determined by mitochondrial dysregulation, with alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway being an important aspect of these pathoetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PG, UK
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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23
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Loosen SH, Yaqubi K, May P, Konrad M, Gollop C, Luedde T, Kostev K, Roderburg C. Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Subsequent Development of Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 35,988 Primary Care Patients in Germany. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040897. [PMID: 37109426 PMCID: PMC10145108 DOI: 10.3390/life13040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In addition to the gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is associated with extraintestinal manifestations, including neurological disorders, which are gaining increasing attention due to a recently increased focus on the gut–brain axis. Here we aim to evaluate the association between IBD and restless legs syndrome (RLS) as well as Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a cohort of primary care patients in Germany. Methods: The study included 17,994 individuals with a diagnosis of IBD (7544 with CD and 10,450 with UC) and 17,994 propensity-score-matched individuals without IBD from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). An initial diagnosis of RLS or PD was assessed as a function of IBD. Associations between CD and UC with RLS and PD were analyzed using Cox regression models. Results: During the 10-year observation period, 3.6% of CD patients vs. 1.9% of matched non-IBD pairs (p < 0.001) and 3.2% of UC patients vs. 2.7% of matched pairs (p < 0.001) were diagnosed with RLS. The results were confirmed by Cox regression analysis, which showed a significant association between UC (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.55) and CD (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.23–2.09) and subsequent RLS. The incidence of PD in IBD patients was not significantly increased. However, we observed a non-significant trend towards a higher incidence of PD in male patients with CD but not UC (HR: 1.55; 95%CI: 0.98–2.45, p = 0.064). Conclusions: The present analysis suggests a significant association between IBD and the subsequent development of RLS. These findings should stimulate further pathophysiological research and may eventually lead to specific screening measures in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-08030; Fax: +49-211-81-04489
| | - Kaneschka Yaqubi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.Y.)
| | - Petra May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.Y.)
| | - Marcel Konrad
- FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.Y.)
| | | | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.Y.)
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Yacoubian TA, Fang YHD, Gerstenecker A, Amara A, Stover N, Ruffrage L, Collette C, Kennedy R, Zhang Y, Hong H, Qin H, McConathy J, Benveniste EN, Standaert DG. Brain and Systemic Inflammation in De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 36853618 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of brain and systemic inflammation in subjects newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). BACKGROUND Evidence for a pathophysiologic role of inflammation in PD is growing. However, several key gaps remain as to the role of inflammation in PD, including the extent of immune activation at early stages, potential effects of PD treatments on inflammation and whether pro-inflammatory signals are associated with clinical features and/or predict more rapid progression. METHODS We enrolled subjects with de novo PD (n = 58) and age-matched controls (n = 62). Subjects underwent clinical assessments, including the Movement Disorder Society-United Parkinson's Disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS). Comprehensive cognitive assessment meeting MDS Level II criteria for mild cognitive impairment testing was performed. Blood was obtained for flow cytometry and cytokine/chemokine analyses. Subjects underwent imaging with 18 F-DPA-714, a translocator protein 18kd ligand, and lumbar puncture if eligible and consented. RESULTS Baseline demographics and medical history were comparable between groups. PD subjects showed significant differences in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Scales for Outcomes in PD autonomic dysfunction, and MDS-UPDRS scores. Cognitive testing demonstrated significant differences in cognitive composite, executive function, and visuospatial domain scores at baseline. Positron emission tomography imaging showed increased 18 F-DPA-714 signal in PD subjects. 18 F-DPA-714 signal correlated with several cognitive measures and some chemokines. CONCLUSIONS 18 F-DPA-714 imaging demonstrated increased central inflammation in de novo PD subjects compared to controls. Longitudinal follow-up will be important to determine whether the presence of inflammation predicts cognitive decline. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Dean Fang
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adam Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natividad Stover
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren Ruffrage
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Collette
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Huixian Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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25
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Kang X, Ploner A, Wang Y, Ludvigsson JF, Williams DM, Pedersen NL, Wirdefeldt K. Genetic overlap between Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad002. [PMID: 36687396 PMCID: PMC9847552 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease have been increasingly associated, implying shared pathophysiology. To explore biological explanations for the reported connection, we leveraged summary statistics of updated genome-wide association studies and characterized the genetic overlap between the two diseases. Aggregated genetic association data were available for 37 688 cases versus 981 372 controls for Parkinson's disease and 25 042 cases versus 34 915 controls for inflammatory bowel disease. Genetic correlation was estimated with the high-definition likelihood method. Genetic variants with joint association to both diseases were identified by conditional false discovery rate framework and further annotated to reveal shared loci, genes, and enriched pathways. For both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease, we detected weak but statistically significant genetic correlations with Parkinson's disease (Crohn's disease: rg = 0.06, P = 0.01; ulcerative colitis: rg = 0.06, P = 0.03). A total of 1290 variants in 27 independent genomic loci were detected to associate with Parkinson's disease and Crohn's disease at conjunctional false discovery rate under 0.01 and 1359 variants in 15 loci were pleiotropic to Parkinson's disease and ulcerative colitis. Among the identified pleiotropic loci, 23 are novel and have never been associated with both phenotypes. A mixture of loci conferring either same or opposing genetic effects on two phenotypes was also observed. Positional and expression quantitative trait loci mapping prioritized 296 and 253 genes for Parkinson's disease with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, respectively, among which only <10% are differentially expressed in both colon and substantia nigra. These genes were identified to overrepresent in pathways regulating gene expression and post-translational modification beyond several immune-related pathways enriched by major histocompatibility complex genes. In conclusion, we found robust evidence for a genetic link between Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease. The identified genetic overlap is complex at the locus and gene levels, indicating the presence of both synergistic and antagonistic pleiotropy. At the functional level, our findings implied a role of immune-centered mechanisms in the reported gut-brain connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Kang
- Correspondence to: Xiaoying Kang Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A 171 65 Solna, Sweden E-mail:
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70116 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dylan M Williams
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London WC1E 7HE, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Li HX, Zhang C, Zhang K, Liu YZ, Peng XX, Zong Q. Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of Parkinson's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 14 studies involving more than 13.4 million individuals. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1137366. [PMID: 37153103 PMCID: PMC10157095 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1137366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been investigated in several epidemiological studies. However, the results of these studies were inconclusive and inconsistent. We evaluated the potential relationship between IBD and PD risk by a meta-analysis. Methods Search the electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from inception to November 30, 2022, to identify relevant studies that assess the risk of PD in patients with IBD. The cohort, cross-sectional, mendelian randomization and case-control studies that reported risk estimates of PD and IBD were included in our analysis. The random-effect model and fixed-effects model were used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, 14 studies (nine cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, two mendelian randomization studies and one case-control study) involving more than 13.4 million individuals were analyzed in our analysis. Our results suggested that the risk of PD in IBD patients is moderately increased, with the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03-1.33, P = 0.019). Omit of any single study from this analysis had little effect on the combined risk estimate. No evidence of publication bias was found. In the subgroup analysis, the combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.12, P = 0.311) for Crohn's disease (CD), and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.31, P = 0.002) for ulcerative colitis (UC). In addition, a significant association was identified in patients with IBD aged ≥ 60 years (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.41, P = 0.007), but not in age < 60 years (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.58-2.41, P = 0.639). Meanwhile, the meta-analysis results suggested a protective role for IBD medication use against PD development, with the RR was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04, P = 0.126). Conclusion Our results indicated that patients with IBD had a moderately higher risk of PD compared to non-IBD individuals. Patients with IBD should be aware of the potential risks for PD, especially who were ≥ 60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-zhe Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Dongying District People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zong,
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Li M, Wan J, Xu Z, Tang B. The association between Parkinson's disease and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103053. [PMID: 36761731 PMCID: PMC9905134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that frequently occurs in the older population. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested an association between PD and autoimmune diseases (AIDs). However, some studies have shown conflicting results. This study aimed to summarize existing epidemiological studies on the association between PD with AIDs and to conduct a meta-analysis of combinable results. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and MEDLINE) were searched from each database's inception date until December 12, 2022. All studies that explored the relationship between PD and AIDs were included for quantitative analysis and qualitative review. The pooled relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated using a random or fixed effects model. A total of 46 observational studies involving 873,643 patients and 13,402,821 controls were included; ultimately, 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of PD combined with AIDs was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR]=1.55, 95% CI: 1.33-1.81), and subgroup analysis found no significant differences in risk by study type, gender, age, and race. Regarding the AID types, the results showed an increased risk of PD combined with bullous pemphigoid (OR=2.67, 95% CI: 2.15-3.31), inflammatory bowel disease (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.18-1.45), Crohn's disease (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.20-1.42), ulcerative colitis (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.14-1.50), Sjögren's syndrome (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.24-2.09), and Graves' disease (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.24-1.70) than controls. However, there appeared to be no significant association between PD and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.66-1.03), multiple sclerosis (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 0.87-4.70), rheumatoid arthritis (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.61-1.03), or celiac disease (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.79-1.69). This study supports the existence of a strong link between AIDs and PD. When PD and AIDs are identified, clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of coexistence. However, there are some limitations of this study, such as the apparent heterogeneity of some of the results and the fact that most of the included study types were retrospective. Therefore, future larger prospective cohort studies are needed to further explore the interaction between PD and AIDs. Systematic review registration INPLASY, identifier INPLASY202280088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Immune-Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Immune-Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhong Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Immune-Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Immune-Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Wang W, Jiang S, Xu C, Tang L, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu G. Interactions between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: The role of microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:976316. [PMID: 36408101 PMCID: PMC9667037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.976316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as constipation, sleep disorders, and olfactory deficits, may emerge up to 20 years earlier than motor symptoms. A series of evidence indicates that the pathology of PD may occur from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Numerous studies support that the gut microbiota communicates with the brain through the immune system, special amino acid metabolism, and the nervous system in PD. Recently, there is growing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the modulation of multiple neurochemical pathways via the “gut microbiota-brain axis” (GMBA). Many gut microbiota metabolites, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, convey signaling functions as they mediate the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host physiology. Amino acids' abundance and species alteration, including glutamate and tryptophan, may disturb the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal basal ganglia function in PD. Specific amino acids and their receptors are considered new potential targets for ameliorating PD. The present study aimed to systematically summarize all available evidence on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism alterations associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zhao
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Guoxue Zhu
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Tansey MG, Wallings RL, Houser MC, Herrick MK, Keating CE, Joers V. Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:657-673. [PMID: 35246670 PMCID: PMC8895080 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of neuroinflammation in its pathophysiology. Neurohistological and neuroimaging studies support the presence of ongoing and end-stage neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Moreover, numerous studies of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with PD suggest alterations in markers of inflammation and immune cell populations that could initiate or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. A number of disease genes and risk factors have been identified as modulators of immune function in PD and evidence is mounting for a role of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides and alterations in gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that complex gene-by-environment interactions combine with an ageing immune system to create the 'perfect storm' that enables the development and progression of PD. We discuss the evidence for this hypothesis and opportunities to harness the emerging immunological knowledge from patients with PD to create better preclinical models with the long-term goal of enabling earlier identification of at-risk individuals to prevent, delay and more effectively treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madelyn C Houser
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary K Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Valerie Joers
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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30
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Choi K, Lee HJ, Han K, Koh SJ, Im JP, Kim JS. Depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with increased risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease: A nationwide, population-based study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1014290. [PMID: 36275822 PMCID: PMC9582438 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1014290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be associated with depression which is considered an important cause of dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, the effects of depression on the development of dementia and/or PD in patients with IBD were evaluated. Materials and methods A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea. The incidence of dementia and PD were analyzed based on the presence of depression in patients with IBD. Results During a mean follow-up of 8 years, IBD patients with depression experienced dementia (6.7 vs. 2.0%; p < 0.001) and PD (1.1 vs. 0.3%; p < 0.001) significantly more than IBD patients without depression. Compared with IBD patients without depression, the risk of developing dementia was significantly higher in IBD patients with depression [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), 2.03, p < 0.001; 1.68, p = 0.033; 2.13, p < 0.001, respectively]. Compared with IBD patients without depression, the risk of developing PD was significantly higher in IBD patients with depression (aHR for IBD, CD, and UC, 2.54, p < 0.001; 1.93, p = 0.470; 2.75, p < 0.001, respectively). The cumulative incidence of dementia and PD in IBD patients with depression was significantly higher than in IBD patients without depression and showed a steady increase after a diagnosis of depression. Conclusion The risk of dementia and/or PD increased after a diagnosis of depression in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kookhwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jung Lee,
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Marras C. Epidemiological Evidence for an Immune Component of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S29-S43. [PMID: 35661019 PMCID: PMC9535552 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the role the immune system and inflammatory response play on the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Epidemiological evidence lends support for the hypothesis that PD is an immune-mediated condition. An association between inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s and Ulcerative colitis, and the risk of PD has been described and replicated in several population-based cohorts. Other autoimmune conditions, such as Sjogren syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis also seem to be associated with an increased risk of PD. Immunosuppressant medications seem to be associated with a decreased risk of PD. Finally, variants in genes involved in immune system regulation are also shared between PD and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we will provide an overview of epidemiological evidence from population-based cohort studies, meta-analyses, and genome-wide association studies that analyze the association between the immune system and PD, discuss current gaps in the literature and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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32
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Zeng J, Wang X, Pan F, Mao Z. The relationship between Parkinson's disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:955919. [PMID: 36034146 PMCID: PMC9399652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.955919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have provided evidence for the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) may derive from the gut. Firstly, Lewy pathology can be induced in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and be transported to the central nervous system (CNS) via the vagal nerve. Secondly, the altered composition of gut microbiota causes an imbalance between beneficial and deleterious microbial metabolites which interacts with the increased gut permeability and the gut inflammation as well as the systemic inflammation. The activated inflammatory status then affects the CNS and promotes the pathology of PD. Given the above-mentioned findings, researchers start to pay attention to the connection between PD and gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), microscopic colitis (MC), gastrointestinal infections, gastrointestinal neoplasms, and colonic diverticular disease (CDD). This review focuses on the association between PD and gastrointestinal diseases as well as the pathogenesis of PD from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Chen SJ, Lin CH. Gut microenvironmental changes as a potential trigger in Parkinson's disease through the gut-brain axis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:54. [PMID: 35897024 PMCID: PMC9327249 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed to the synergistic effects of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is characterized by motor dysfunction resulting from intraneuronal alpha-synuclein accumulations, termed Lewy bodies, and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra, multiple systems are involved in the disease process, resulting in heterogenous clinical presentation and progression. Genetic predisposition to PD regarding aberrant immune responses, abnormal protein aggregation, autophagolysosomal impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to vulnerable neurons that are sensitive to environmental triggers and, together, result in neuronal degeneration. Neuropathology studies have shown that, at least in some patients, Lewy bodies start from the enteric nervous system and then spread to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut-brain axis, suggesting the contribution of an altered gut microenvironment in the pathogenesis of PD. A plethora of evidence has revealed different gut microbiomes and gut metabolites in patients with PD compared to unaffected controls. Chronic gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier integrity have been observed in human PD patients and mouse models of PD. These observations led to the hypothesis that an altered gut microenvironment is a potential trigger of the PD process in a genetically susceptible host. In this review, we will discuss the complex interplay between genetic factors and gut microenvironmental changes contributing to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ju Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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34
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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35
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Tsafaras G, Baekelandt V. The role of LRRK2 in the periphery: link with Parkinson's disease and inflammatory diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105806. [PMID: 35781002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently considered a multisystemic disorder rather than a pure brain disease, in line with the multiple hit hypothesis from Braak. However, despite increasing evidence that the pathology might originate in the periphery, multiple unknown aspects and contradictory data on the pathological processes taking place in the periphery jeopardize the interpretation and therapeutic targeting of PD. Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been widely linked with familial and sporadic PD cases. However, the actual role of LRRK2 in PD pathophysiology is far from understood. There is evidence that LRRK2 may be involved in alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) pathology and immune cell regulation, but it has also been associated with inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, and several other bacterial infections. In this review, we focus on the different roles of LRRK2 in the periphery. More specifically, we discuss the involvement of LRRK2 in the propagation of α-synuclein pathology and its regulatory role in peripheral inflammation. A deeper understanding of the multidimensional functions of LRRK2 will pave the way for more accurate characterization of PD pathophysiology and its association with other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Szandruk-Bender M, Wiatrak B, Szeląg A. The Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133704. [PMID: 35806985 PMCID: PMC9267426 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of research has linked gut microbiota dysbiosis to central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and has suggested that AD and PD pathology may take its origin from chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a higher risk of developing AD and PD as compared to the non-IBD population by conducting a meta-analysis. A thorough search of Pubmed and Embase databases was performed to identify all relevant articles. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using a fixed-effect model. To assess publication bias and heterogeneity among the studies, Egger’s test and L’Abbé plots were used, respectively. A total of eight eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. No significant heterogeneity or significant publication bias was detected. The risk of developing AD in IBD patients was higher than in non-IBD patients (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.14−1.00; p = 0.05), and there was a relationship between the occurrence of AD and Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (OR = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.04−0.30; p < 0.0001, OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.04−0.49; p = 0.0024, respectively). The risk of developing both of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, AD and PD, was also significantly higher in patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.09−0.49; p = 0.0003, OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.13−0.51; p = 0.0001, respectively). This meta-analysis revealed a higher risk of AD and PD among CD and UC patients compared to the general population. It may suggest a key role for the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of not only Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis but also AD and PD. The identification of this potential risk may provide earlier preventive measures to be implemented to reduce comorbidity and mortality rate.
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37
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Pap D, Veres-Székely A, Szebeni B, Vannay Á. PARK7/DJ-1 as a Therapeutic Target in Gut-Brain Axis Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126626. [PMID: 35743072 PMCID: PMC9223539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly known that Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD) diseases occur more frequently in patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel (IBD) or celiac disease, indicating a pathological link between them. Although epidemiological observations suggest the existence of the gut-brain axis (GBA) involving systemic inflammatory and neural pathways, little is known about the exact molecular mechanisms. Parkinson's disease 7 (PARK7/DJ-1) is a multifunctional protein whose protective role has been widely demonstrated in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, AD, or ischemic stroke. Recent studies also revealed the importance of PARK7/DJ-1 in the maintenance of the gut microbiome and also in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. All these findings suggest that PARK7/DJ-1 may be a link and also a potential therapeutic target in gut and brain diseases. In this review, therefore, we discuss our current knowledge about PARK7/DJ-1 in the context of GBA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Pap
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szebeni
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Zheng H, Qian X, Tian W, Cao L. Exploration of the Common Gene Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease and Crohn's Disease from Transcriptome Data. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060774. [PMID: 35741659 PMCID: PMC9221146 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and the mechanism of its occurrence is still not fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut acts as a potential origin of PD pathogenesis. Recent studies have identified that inflammatory bowel disease acts as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to further explore the molecular mechanism between PD and Crohn's disease (CD). The gene expression profiles of PD (GSE6613) and CD (GSE119600) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were identified as the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two diseases. Next, analyses were performed, including functional enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction network, core genes identification, and clinical correlation analysis. As a result, 178 common DEGs (113 upregulated genes and 65 downregulated genes) were found between PD and CD. The functional analysis found that they were enriched in regulated exocytosis, immune response, and lipid binding. Twelve essential hub genes including BUB1B, BUB3, DLGAP5, AURKC, CBL, PCNA, RAF1, LYN, RPL39L, MRPL13, RSL24D1, and MRPS11 were identified from the PPI network by using cytoHubba. In addition, inflammatory and metabolic pathways were jointly involved in these two diseases. After verifying expression levels in an independent dataset (GSE99039), a correlation analysis with clinical features showed that LYN and RAF1 genes were associated with the severity of PD. In conclusion, our study revealed the common pathogenesis of PD and CD. These common pathways and hub genes may provide novel insights for mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zheng
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Li Cao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
- Correspondence:
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Guo X, Chong L, Zhang X, Li R. Immunosuppressants contribute to a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1328-1338. [PMID: 35472175 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested a decreased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the results are controversial and the biological mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unknown. METHODS The effect sizes of five observational studies were summarized to determine the association between RA and PD. A two-step Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was conducted using genome-wide association studies data sets of RA, PD and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants (IS) and glucocorticoids (GC). A multivariable MR (MVMR) was also performed to verify the impact of prescription history on PD risk. RESULTS Integrated data from observational studies showed that RA was associated with a decreased risk of PD in the European population (effect size = -0.38, P = 0.004). We found that genetically predicted RA was correlated with a decreased risk of PD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, P = 0.007]. In the TSMR, RA patients tended to have an increased prescription of GC (OR = 1.16, P = 2.96e - 07) and IS (OR = 1.77, P = 5.58e - 64), which reduced the risk of PD (GC: OR = 0.86, P = 0.0270; IS: OR = 0.82, P = 0.0277), respectively. Further MVMR analysis demonstrated that only IS was linked to a decreased risk of PD (OR = 0.86, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION This work clarified that patients with RA had a decreased risk of PD, which was partially attributed to the use of IS in RA patients but not GC or NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chong
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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40
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Shannon KM. Gut-Derived Sterile Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:831090. [PMID: 35422756 PMCID: PMC9001909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.831090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, but evidence is increasing that there is a prominent inflammatory component to the illness. Epidemiological, genetic, and preclinical evidence support a role for gut-derived sterile inflammation. Pro-inflammatory bacteria are over-represented in the PD gut microbiota. There is evidence for decreased gut barrier function and leak of bacterial antigen across the gut epithelium with sub-mucosal inflammation and systemic exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Preclinical evidence supports these clinical findings and suggests that systemic inflammation can affect the CNS through vagal pathways or the systemic circulation. We will review recent preclinical and clinical evidence to support this mechanism and suggest possible treatments directed at the gut-brain axis.
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41
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Dong S, Sun M, He C, Cheng H. Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson's disease: a historical review and future perspective. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:84-93. [PMID: 35245613 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China.
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Wenzel TJ, Haskey N, Kwong E, Greuel BK, Gates EJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Dietary fats modulate neuroinflammation in mucin 2 knock out mice model of spontaneous colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166336. [PMID: 34973372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific diets regulate neuroimmune responses and modify risk of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis. A link between gut and brain inflammation is also emerging. We hypothesized that adjusting dietary fatty acid composition modulates the neuroimmune responses in the mucin 2 knock out mice model of spontaneous colitis. Mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed isocaloric diets that only differed in their fatty acid composition. Diets enriched with anhydrous milk fat, corn oil, or Mediterranean diet fats were used. After nine weeks, brain and serum concentrations of ten inflammatory cytokines were measured. Three of these cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 p70 and interferon-γ, were differentially expressed in the brains of animals from the three diet groups while there were no differences in the serum concentrations of these cytokines. Since only limited information is available about the functions of IL-2 in the central nervous system, in vitro experiments were performed to assess its effects on microglia. IL-2 had no effect on the secretion of neurotoxins and nitric oxide by microglia-like cells, but it selectively regulated phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production by stimulated microglia-like cells. Modulation of microglial reactive oxygen species through altered brain IL-2 concentrations could be one of the mechanisms linking diets with modified risk of neuroimmune disorders including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bridget K Greuel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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43
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Padhi P, Worth C, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Sambamurti K, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mechanistic Insights Into Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis-Mediated Neuroimmune Dysregulation and Protein Misfolding and Clearance in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:836605. [PMID: 35281490 PMCID: PMC8914070 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.836605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex, dynamic, and highly diverse community of microorganisms. Beginning as early as in utero fetal development and continuing through birth to late-stage adulthood, the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and brain is essential for modulating various metabolic, neurodevelopmental, and immune-related pathways. Conversely, microbial dysbiosis – defined as alterations in richness and relative abundances – of the gut is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence from large-population cohort studies suggests that individuals with neurodegenerative conditions have an altered gut microbial composition as well as microbial and serum metabolomic profiles distinct from those in the healthy population. Dysbiosis is also linked to psychiatric and gastrointestinal complications – comorbidities often associated with the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have identified potential mediators that link gut dysbiosis and neurological disorders. Recent findings have also elucidated the potential mechanisms of disease pathology in the enteric nervous system prior to the onset of neurodegeneration. This review highlights the functional pathways and mechanisms, particularly gut microbe-induced chronic inflammation, protein misfolding, propagation of disease-specific pathology, defective protein clearance, and autoimmune dysregulation, linking gut microbial dysbiosis and neurodegeneration. In addition, we also discuss how pathogenic transformation of microbial composition leads to increased endotoxin production and fewer beneficial metabolites, both of which could trigger immune cell activation and enteric neuronal dysfunction. These can further disrupt intestinal barrier permeability, aggravate the systemic pro-inflammatory state, impair blood–brain barrier permeability and recruit immune mediators leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Continued biomedical advances in understanding the microbiota-gut-brain axis will extend the frontier of neurodegenerative disorders and enable the utilization of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the pathological burden of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Padhi
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carter Worth
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Brain Sciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anumantha G. Kanthasamy,
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44
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Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang L, Zhang J, Tong X, Chen D, Le W. Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2052-2068. [PMID: 34881085 PMCID: PMC8612622 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which significantly influences the life quality of patients. The protein α-synuclein plays an important driving role in PD occurrence and development. Braak's hypothesis suggests that α-synuclein is produced in intestine, and then spreads into the central nervous system through the vagus nerve. The abnormal expression of α-synuclein has been found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis have been involved in the occurrence and development of PD. The present review aimed to summarize recent advancements in studies focusing on intestinal inflammation and PD, especially the mechanisms through which link intestinal inflammation and PD. The intestinal dysfunctions such as constipation have been introduced as non-motor manifestations of PD. The possible linkages between IBD and PD, including genetic overlaps, inflammatory responses, intestinal permeability, and intestinal dysbiosis, are mainly discussed. Although it is not confirmed whether PD starts from intestine, intestinal dysfunction may affect intestinal microenvironment to influence central nervous system, including the α-synuclein pathologies and systematic inflammation. It is expected to develop some new strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of PD from the aspect of intestine. It may also become an exciting direction to find better ways to regulate the composition of gut microorganism to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xuhui Tong
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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45
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Talley S, Valiauga R, Anderson L, Cannon AR, Choudhry MA, Campbell EM. DSS-induced inflammation in the colon drives a proinflammatory signature in the brain that is ameliorated by prophylactic treatment with the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:263. [PMID: 34758843 PMCID: PMC8578918 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is established to drive pathological sequelae in organ systems outside the intestine, including the central nervous system (CNS). Many patients exhibit cognitive deficits, particularly during disease flare. The connection between colonic inflammation and neuroinflammation remains unclear and characterization of the neuroinflammatory phenotype in the brain during colitis is ill-defined. Methods Transgenic mice expressing a bioluminescent reporter of active caspase-1 were treated with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce acute colitis, and colonic, systemic and neuroinflammation were assessed. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with paquinimod (ABR-215757) to inhibit S100A9 inflammatory signaling. As a positive control for peripheral-induced neuroinflammation, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colonic, systemic and brain inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by cytokine bead array (CBA) and Proteome profiler mouse cytokine array. Bioluminescence was quantified in the brain and caspase activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immune cell infiltration into the CNS was measured by flow cytometry, while light sheet microscopy was used to monitor changes in resident microglia localization in intact brains during DSS or LPS-induced neuroinflammation. RNA sequencing was performed to identify transcriptomic changes occurring in the CNS of DSS-treated mice. Expression of inflammatory biomarkers were quantified in the brain and serum by qRT-PCR, ELISA and WB. Results DSS-treated mice exhibited clinical hallmarks of colitis, including weight loss, colonic shortening and inflammation in the colon. We also detected a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in the serum and brain, as well as caspase and microglia activation in the brain of mice with ongoing colitis. RNA sequencing of brains isolated from DSS-treated mice revealed differential expression of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. This inflammatory phenotype was similar to the signature detected in LPS-treated mice, albeit less robust and transient, as inflammatory gene expression returned to baseline following cessation of DSS. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A9, one of the transcripts identified by RNA sequencing, attenuated colitis severity and systemic and neuroinflammation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that local inflammation in the colon drives systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, and this can be ameliorated by inhibition of the S100 alarmin, S100A9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lillian Anderson
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Abigail R Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA. .,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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46
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Drobny A, Ngo PA, Neurath MF, Zunke F, López-Posadas R. Molecular Communication Between Neuronal Networks and Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Gut Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:655123. [PMID: 34368179 PMCID: PMC8339315 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.655123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation, are common in Parkinson's disease patients. These clinical signs normally appear years before the diagnosis of the neurodegenerative disease, preceding the occurrence of motor manifestations. Moreover, it is postulated that Parkinson's disease might originate in the gut, due to a response against the intestinal microbiota leading to alterations in alpha-synuclein in the intestinal autonomic nervous system. Transmission of this protein to the central nervous system is mediated potentially via the vagus nerve. Thus, deposition of aggregated alpha-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as a potential prodromal diagnostic marker for Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, hallmarks of chronic intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, such as dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, are also observed in Parkinson's disease patients. Additionally, alpha-synuclein accumulations were detected in the gut of Crohn's disease patients. Despite a solid association between neurodegenerative diseases and gut inflammation, it is not clear whether intestinal alterations represent cause or consequence of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut in the context of Parkinson's disease and intestinal dysfunction/inflammation as present in inflammatory bowel disease. Further, we focus on the contribution of intestinal epithelium, the communication between intestinal epithelial cells, microbiota, immune and neuronal cells, as well as mechanisms causing alterations of epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phuong A Ngo
- Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Dumitrescu L, Marta D, Dănău A, Lefter A, Tulbă D, Cozma L, Manole E, Gherghiceanu M, Ceafalan LC, Popescu BO. Serum and Fecal Markers of Intestinal Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Permeability Are Elevated in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:689723. [PMID: 34220443 PMCID: PMC8249847 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.689723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synuclein misfolding with subsequent intraneuronal amyloid formation and accumulation, low grade neuroinflammatory changes, and selective neurodegeneration. Available evidence suggests that the pathology usually begins in the gut and olfactory mucosa, spreading to the brain via the vagus and olfactory nerves, by a prion-like mechanism. A causal relationship has not been established, but gut dysbiosis is prevalent in PD and may lead to intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Additionally, epidemiological data indicate a link between inflammatory bowel diseases and PD. Calprotectin and zonulin are markers of intestinal inflammation and barrier permeability, respectively. We evaluated their serum and fecal levels in 22 patients with sporadic PD and 16 unmatched healthy controls. Mean calprotectin was higher in PD, both in serum (14.26 mcg/ml ± 4.50 vs. 5.94 mcg/ml ± 3.80, p = 0.0125) and stool (164.54 mcg/g ± 54.19 vs. 56.19 mcg/g ± 35.88, p = 0.0048). Mean zonulin was also higher in PD serum (26.69 ng/ml ± 3.55 vs. 19.43 ng/ml ± 2.56, p = 0.0046) and stool (100.19 ng/ml ± 28.25 vs. 37.3 ng/ml ± 13.26, p = 0.0012). Calprotectin was above the upper reference limit in 19 PD serums and 6 controls (OR = 10.56, 95% CI = 2.17-51.42, p = 0.0025) and in 20 PD stool samples and 4 controls (OR = 30, 95% CI = 4.75-189.30, p = 0.000045). Increased zonulin was found only in the stool samples of 8 PD patients. Despite the small sample size, our findings are robust, complementing and supporting other recently published results. The relation between serum and fecal calprotectin and zonulin levels and sporadic PD warrants further investigation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dumitrescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daciana Marta
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeş", National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Dănău
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonia Lefter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Tulbă
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Cozma
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Manole
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeş", National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeş", National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeş", National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Division at Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeş", National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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48
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Herrick MK, Tansey MG. Is LRRK2 the missing link between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease? NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33750819 PMCID: PMC7943592 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Links that implicate the gastrointestinal system in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and progression have become increasingly common. PD shares several similarities with Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal inflammation is common in both PD and CD and is hypothesized to contribute to PD neuropathology. Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are one of the greatest genetic contributors to PD. Variants in LRRK2 have also been associated with increased incidence of CD. Since its discovery, LRRK2 has been studied intensely in neurons, despite multiple lines of evidence showing that LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells. Based on the fact that higher levels of LRRK2 are detectable in inflamed colonic tissue from CD patients and in peripheral immune cells from sporadic PD patients relative to matched controls, we posit that LRRK2 regulates inflammatory processes. Therefore, LRRK2 may sit at a crossroads whereby gut inflammation and higher LRRK2 levels in CD may be a biomarker of increased risk for sporadic PD and/or may represent a tractable therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases that increase risk for PD. Here we will focus on reviewing how PD and CD share overlapping phenotypes, particularly in terms of LRRK2 in the context of the immune system, that could be targeted in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease at The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease at The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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49
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Lee HS, Lobbestael E, Vermeire S, Sabino J, Cleynen I. Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: common pathophysiological links. Gut 2021; 70:408-417. [PMID: 33067333 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut and brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the 'gut-brain axis'. Moreover, recent population-based studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease might increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain interactions remain elusive, some of the latest findings have begun to explain the link. Several genetic loci are shared between both disorders with a similar direction of effect on the risk of both diseases. The most interesting example is LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), initially identified as a causal gene in Parkinson's disease, and recently also implicated in Crohn's disease. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the link between these seemingly unrelated diseases with shared genetic susceptibility. We discuss supporting and conflicting data obtained from epidemiological and genetic studies along with remaining questions and concerns. In addition, we discuss possible biological links including the gut-brain axis, microbiota, autoimmunity, mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson's disease risk: register-based studies. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:5. [PMID: 33402695 PMCID: PMC7785733 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was related to the future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a nested case-control study in the Swedish total population including 56,564 PD cases identified from the Swedish Patient Register and 30 controls per case individually matched by sex and year of birth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having a prior diagnosis of IBS were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We furthermore conducted a cohort study using the Swedish Twin Registry following 3046 IBS patients identified by self-reported abdominal symptoms and 41,179 non-IBS individuals. Through Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for PD risk. In the nested case-control study, 253 (0.4%) PD cases and 5204 (0.3%) controls had a previous IBS diagnosis. IBS diagnosis was associated with a 44% higher risk of PD (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.63). Temporal relationship analyses showed 53% and 38% increased risk of PD more than 5 and 10 years after IBS diagnosis, respectively. In the cohort analysis based on the Swedish Twin Registry, there was no statistically significantly increased risk of PD related to IBS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.87-1.81). Our results suggest a higher risk of PD diagnosis after IBS. These results provide additional evidence supporting the importance of the gut-brain axis in PD.
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