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Silva DEO, Costa RM, Campos JR, Rocha SMB, de Araujo Pereira AP, Melo VMM, Oliveira FAS, de Alcantara Neto F, Mendes LW, Araujo ASF. Short-term restoration practices change the bacterial community in degraded soil from the Brazilian semiarid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6845. [PMID: 38514851 PMCID: PMC10957980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Land degradation by deforestation adversely impacts soil properties, and long-term restoration practices have been reported to potentially reverse these effects, particularly on soil microorganisms. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the short-term effects of restoration on the soil bacterial community in semiarid areas. This study evaluates the bacterial community in soils experiencing degradation (due to slash-and-burn deforestation) and restoration (utilizing stone cordons and revegetation), in comparison to a native soil in the Brazilian semiarid region. Three areas were selected: (a) under degradation; (b) undergoing short-term restoration; and (c) a native area, and the bacterial community was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing on soil samples collected during both dry and rainy seasons. The dry and rainy seasons exhibited distinct bacterial patterns, and native sites differed from degraded and restoration sites. Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria phyla exhibited higher prevalence in degraded and restoration sites, respectively, while Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were more abundant in sites undergoing restoration compared to degraded sites. Microbial connections varied across sites and seasons, with an increase in nodes observed in the native site during the dry season, more edges and positive connections in the restoration site, and a higher occurrence of negative connections in the degradation site during the rainy season. Niche occupancy analysis revealed that degradation favored specialists over generalists, whereas restoration exhibited a higher prevalence of generalists compared to native sites. Specifically, degraded sites showed a higher abundance of specialists in contrast to restoration sites. This study reveals that land degradation impacts the soil bacterial community, leading to differences between native and degraded sites. Restoring the soil over a short period alters the status of the bacterial community in degraded soil, fostering an increase in generalist microbes that contribute to enhanced soil stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas William Mendes
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ademir Sergio Ferreira Araujo
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
- Soil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Gong X, Jarvie S, Wen J, Su N, Yan Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Compared with soil fungal diversity and microbial network complexity, soil bacterial diversity drives soil multifunctionality during the restoration process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120379. [PMID: 38368806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding factors driving soil multifunctionality can help with terrestrial ecosystem restoration. Soil microbial diversity and network complexity are two important factors influencing ecosystem multifunctionality. However, their effects on soil multifunctionality are still unclear. Based on high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed soil microbial alpha diversity and network complexity and their relative impacts on soil multifunctionality during the aerial seeding restoration process from 1983 to 2017 in Mu Us sandy land, China, a region threatened by desertification. Our results showed soil bacterial and fungal alpha diversity and multifunctionality increased with aerial seeding restoration. We found the community composition of soil bacteria and fungi changed with restoration periods. The keystone species of the soil bacterial network changed during restoration, while those of the soil fungal network remained unchanged. Soil bacterial and fungal species mainly maintained positive associations throughout the restoration periods. Soil bacterial network complexity initially decreased before increasing with restoration, while soil fungal network complexity increased continuously. Soil multifunctionality was found to have significantly positive correlations with soil fungal network complexity and soil bacterial alpha diversity. Compared with soil fungal alpha diversity and soil microbial network complexity, soil bacterial alpha diversity significantly promoted soil multifunctionality. Our research highlights the critical impact that soil bacterial alpha diversity plays in soil multifunctionality in restored ecosystems threatened by desertification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Scott Jarvie
- Otago Regional Council, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Jia Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Nier Su
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yongzhi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Qingfu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Research Center of Forest Ecology, Forestry College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported By the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010021, China.
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Liu J, Xu Y, Si YJ, Li BQ, Chen P, Wu LL, Guo P, Ji RQ. The Diverse Mycorrizal Morphology of Rhododendron dauricum, the Fungal Communities Structure and Dynamics from the Mycorrhizosphere. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:65. [PMID: 38248974 PMCID: PMC10817234 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that mycorrhiza is a microecosystem composed of mycorrhizal fungi, host plants and other microscopic organisms. The mycorrhiza of Rhododendron dauricum is more complex and the diverse morphology of our investigated results displays both typical ericoid mycorrhizal characteristics and ectomycorrhizal traits. The characteristics of ectendoomycorrhiza, where mycelial invade from the outside into the root cells, have also been observed. In order to further clarify the mycorrhizal fungi members and other fungal communities of R. dauricum mycorrhiza, and explore the effects of vegetation and soil biological factors on their community structure, we selected two woodlands in the northeast of China as samples-one is a mixed forest of R. dauricum and Quercus mongolica, and the other a mixed forest of R. dauricum, Q. mongolica, and Pinus densiflor. The sampling time was during the local growing season, from June to September. High-throughput sequencing yielded a total of 3020 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) via the Illumina NovaSeq platform. In the different habitats of R. dauricum, there are differences in the diversity of fungi obtained from mycorrhizal niches, and specifically the mycorrhizal fungal community structure in the complex vegetation of mixed forests, where R. dauricum is found, exhibits greater stability, with relatively minor changes over time. Soil fungi are identified as the primary source of fungi within the mycorrhizal niche, and the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches in R. dauricum is significantly influenced by soil pH, organic matter, and available nitrogen. The relationship between soil fungi and mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches is simultaneously found to be intricate, while the genus Hydnellum emerges as a central genus among mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches. However, there is currently a substantial gap in the foundational research of this genus, including the fact that mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches have, compared to fungi present in the soil, proven to be more sensitive to changes in soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui-Qing Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.-J.S.); (B.-Q.L.); (P.C.); (L.-L.W.); (P.G.)
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Zhang H, Zheng K, Gu S, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yan H, Ma K, Zhao Y, Jin X, Lu G, Deng Y. Grass-Legume Mixture with Rhizobium Inoculation Enhanced the Restoration Effects of Organic Fertilizer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1114. [PMID: 37317088 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of artificial grassland is crucial in restoring degraded grassland and resolving the forage-livestock conflict, and the application of organic fertilizer and complementary seeding of grass-legume mixture are effective methods to enhance grass growth in practice. However, its mechanism behind the underground is largely unclear. Here, by utilizing organic fertilizer in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this study assessed the potential of grass-legume mixtures with and without the inoculation of Rhizobium for the restoration of degraded grassland. The results demonstrated that the application of organic fertilizer can increase the forage yield and soil nutrient contents of degraded grassland, and they were 0.59 times and 0.28 times higher than that of the control check (CK), respectively. The community composition and structure of soil bacteria and fungi were also changed by applying organic fertilizer. Based on this, the grass-legume mixture inoculated with Rhizobium can further increase the contribution of organic fertilizer to soil nutrients and thus enhance the restoration effects for degraded artificial grassland. Moreover, the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the colonization of gramineous plant by native mycorrhizal fungi, which was ~1.5-2.0 times higher than CK. This study offers a basis for the application of organic fertilizer and grass-legume mixture in the ecological restoration of degraded grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Kaifu Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Experimental Station of Grassland Improvement in Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813000, China
| | - Huilin Yan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Kun Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yangan Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guangxin Lu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Hou H, Liu H, Xiong J, Wang C, Zhang S, Ding Z. Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities under Canopies of Pinus tabulaeformis and Populus euramericana in a Reclaimed Waste Dump. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:974. [PMID: 36840322 PMCID: PMC9964797 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effects of different remediation tree species on soil bacterial communities and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of ecosystem function promotion strategies after vegetation restoration, the characteristic changes in soil bacterial communities after Pinus tabulaeformis and Populus euramericana reclamation were explored using high-throughput sequencing and molecular ecological network methods. The results showed that: (1) With the increase in reclamation years, the reclaimed soil properties were close to the control group, and the soil properties of Pinus tabulaeformis were closer to the control group than those of P. euramericana. (2) The dominant bacteria under the canopies of P. tabulaeformis and P. euramericana was the same. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the restored soil, accounting for more than 95% of the total abundance. The average values of the Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Chao 1 richness estimator, and abundance-based coverage estimator of the bacterial community in the P. euramericana reclaimed soil were higher than those in the P. tabulaeformis reclaimed soil. The influence of reclamation years on the bacterial community of samples is greater than that of species types. (3) The results of ecological network construction showed that the total number of nodes, total number of connections, and average connectivity of the soil bacterial network under P. euramericana reclamation were greater than those under P. tabulaeformis reclamation. The bacterial molecular ecological network under P. euramericana was more abundant. (4) Among the dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with soil pH, soil total nitrogen content, and the activities of urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with these environmental factors. The relationship between the soil bacterial community of P. tabulaeformis and P. euramericana and the environmental factors is not completely the same, and even the interaction between some environmental factors and bacteria is opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huping Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haiya Liu
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jinting Xiong
- School of Environment Science & Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhongyi Ding
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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