1
|
Saberi A, Baltatu MS, Vizureanu P. The Effectiveness Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as Reinforcements for Magnesium-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:756. [PMID: 38727350 PMCID: PMC11085746 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
As a smart implant, magnesium (Mg) is highly biocompatible and non-toxic. In addition, the elastic modulus of Mg relative to other biodegradable metals (iron and zinc) is close to the elastic modulus of natural bone, making Mg an attractive alternative to hard tissues. However, high corrosion rates and low strength under load relative to bone are some challenges for the widespread use of Mg in orthopedics. Composite fabrication has proven to be an excellent way to improve the mechanical performance and corrosion control of Mg. As a result, their composites emerge as an innovative biodegradable material. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have superb properties like low density, high tensile strength, high strength-to-volume ratio, high thermal conductivity, and relatively good antibacterial properties. Therefore, using CNTs as reinforcements for the Mg matrix has been proposed as an essential option. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms of effectiveness in mechanical, corrosion, antibacterial, and cellular fields through the presence of CNTs as Mg matrix reinforcements is a challenge for their application. This review focuses on recent findings on Mg/CNT composites fabricated for biological applications. The literature mentions effective mechanisms for mechanical, corrosion, antimicrobial, and cellular domains with the presence of CNTs as reinforcements for Mg-based nanobiocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Saberi
- Department of Material Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1777613651, Iran
| | - Madalina Simona Baltatu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iaşi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abazari S, Shamsipur A, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ismail AF, Sharif S, Razzaghi M, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Reinforced Magnesium-Based Matrix Composites: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4421. [PMID: 33020427 PMCID: PMC7579315 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years considerable attention has been attracted to magnesium because of its light weight, high specific strength, and ease of recycling. Because of the growing demand for lightweight materials in aerospace, medical and automotive industries, magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) reinforced with ceramic nanometer-sized particles, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed. CNTs have excellent material characteristics like low density, high tensile strength, high ratio of surface-to-volume, and high thermal conductivity that makes them attractive to use as reinforcements to fabricate high-performance, and high-strength metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Reinforcing magnesium (Mg) using small amounts of CNTs can improve the mechanical and physical properties in the fabricated lightweight and high-performance nanocomposite. Nevertheless, the incorporation of CNTs into a Mg-based matrix faces some challenges, and a uniform distribution is dependent on the parameters of the fabricating process. The characteristics of a CNTs reinforced composite are related to the uniform distribution, weight percent, and length of the CNTs, as well as the interfacial bonding and alignment between CNTs reinforcement and the Mg-based matrix. In this review article, the recent findings in the fabricating methods, characterization of the composite's properties, and application of Mg-based composites reinforced with CNTs are studied. These include the strategies of fabricating CNT-reinforced Mg-based composites, mechanical responses, and corrosion behaviors. The present review aims to investigate and conclude the most relevant studies conducted in the field of Mg/CNTs composites. Strategies to conquer complicated challenges are suggested and potential fields of Mg/CNTs composites as upcoming structural material regarding functional requirements in aerospace, medical and automotive industries are particularly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Abazari
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Shamsipur
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Safian Sharif
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Mahmood Razzaghi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 1157, Singapore
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Liu L, Xia X, Zheng C, Quan L, Ding J, Chen X, Luo X, Wang L, Song K, Li C, Liu Y. Mechanical Performances of Al-Si-Mg Alloy with Dilute Sc and Sr Elements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13030665. [PMID: 32024304 PMCID: PMC7040805 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its excellent comprehensive performances, Al-Si-Mg alloy i widely used in automotive, transportation and other fields. In this work, tensile performances and fracture behavior of Al-Si-Mg alloy modified by dilute Sc and Sr elements (Al-7.12Si-0.36Mg-0.2Sc-0.005Sr) were investigated at the temperature of -60-200 °C for the first time, aiming to obtain a satisfactory thermal stability within a certain temperature range. The results showed that the new designed Al-Si-Mg alloy possessed a completely stable yield strength and a higher-level elongation under the present conditions. Fracture morphology analysis, fracture profile observation and strengthening mechanism analysis were applied to elucidate the evolution mechanisms of yield strength and elongation of the alloy. The fracture modes were significantly distinct in different temperature sections, and the reasons were discussed. In addition, the interaction among the nano precipitate phase particles, the deformation substructure and the dislocations were responsible for the thermal stability of the alloy within a certain temperature range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Qingfeng Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lihua Liu
- CITIC Dicastal Co., LTD, Qinhuangdao 066011, China; (L.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Xingchuan Xia
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Cheng Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Liwei Quan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Xueguang Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Xudong Luo
- Tianjin Zhongwang Aluminium Co., LTD, Tianjin 300300, China;
| | - Lisheng Wang
- CITIC Dicastal Co., LTD, Qinhuangdao 066011, China; (L.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Kaihong Song
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Chong Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Yongchang Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) with a light metal matrix are hybrid materials that have recently become the focus of interest for materials scientists and industry [...]
Collapse
|
5
|
Properties of 316L formed by a 400 W power laser Selective Laser Melting with 250 μm layer thickness. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Pure Aluminum Structure and Mechanical Properties Modified by Al2O3 Nanoparticles and Ultrasonic Treatment. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines dispersion hardened alloys based on commercial-purity aluminum obtained by permanent mold casting with the addition of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Ultrasonic treatment provides a synthesis of non-porous materials and a homogeneous distribution of strengthening particles in the bulk material, thereby increasing the mechanical properties of pure aluminum. It is shown that the increase in the alloy hardness, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and lower plasticity depend on the average grain size and a greater amount of nanoparticles in the alloy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Thornby J, Verma D, Cochrane R, Westwood A, Manakari VB, Gupta M, Haghshenas M. Indentation-based characterization of creep and hardness behavior of magnesium carbon nanotube nanocomposites at room temperature. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Reddy AP, Krishna PV, Rao RN. Al/SiCNP and Al/SiCNP/X nanocomposites fabrication and properties: A review. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PART N: JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS, NANOENGINEERING AND NANOSYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397791417744706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Prasad Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - P Vamsi Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - R Narasimha Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Warangal, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou M, Qu X, Ren L, Fan L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Quan G, Tang Q, Liu B, Sun H. The Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of AZ31 Alloy. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121385. [PMID: 29207543 PMCID: PMC5744320 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced AZ31 matrix nanocomposites were successfully fabricated using a powder metallurgy method followed by hot extrusion. The influence of CNTs on microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear properties were systematically investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness test, tensile test, and wear test. The results revealed that the nanocomposites showed a slightly smaller grain size compared with the matrix and uniform distribution that CNTs could achieve at proper content. As a result, the addition of CNTs could weaken basal plane texture. However, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composites were enhanced as the amount of CNTs increased up to 2.0 wt. %, reaching maximum values of 241 MPa (+28.2%) and 297 MPa (+6.1%), respectively. The load transfer mechanism, Orowan mechanism, and thermal mismatch mechanism played important roles in the enhancement of the yield strength, and several classical models were employed to predict the theoretical values. The effect of CNT content on the friction coefficient and weight loss of the nanocomposites was also studied. The relationships between the amount of CNTs, the friction coefficient, and weight loss could be described by the exponential decay model and the Boltzmann model, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiaoni Qu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Lingbao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Lingling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuwenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Gaofeng Quan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Liu Y, Shi W, Qi B, Yang J, Zhang F, Han D, Ma Y. Research on High Layer Thickness Fabricated of 316L by Selective Laser Melting. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10091055. [PMID: 28885596 PMCID: PMC5615710 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is a potential additive manufacturing (AM) technology. However, the application of SLM was confined due to low efficiency. To improve efficiency, SLM fabrication with a high layer thickness and fine powder was systematically researched, and the void areas and hollow powders can be reduced by using fine powder. Single-track experiments were used to narrow down process parameter windows. Multi-layer fabrication relative density can be reached 99.99% at the exposure time-point distance-hatch space of 120 μs-40 μm-240 μm. Also, the building rate can be up to 12 mm3/s, which is about 3–10 times higher than the previous studies. Three typical defects were found by studying deeply, including the un-melted defect between the molten pools, the micro-pore defect within the molten pool, and the irregular distribution of the splashing phenomenon. Moreover, the microstructure is mostly equiaxed crystals and a small amount of columnar crystals. The averages of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 625 MPa, 525 MPa, and 39.9%, respectively. As exposure time increased from 80 μs to 200 μs, the grain size is gradually grown up from 0.98 μm to 2.23 μm, the grain aspect ratio is close to 1, and the tensile properties are shown as a downward trend. The tensile properties of high layer thickness fabricated are not significantly different than those with a coarse-powder layer thickness of low in previous research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yude Liu
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wentian Shi
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Bin Qi
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Feifei Zhang
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Dong Han
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yingyi Ma
- School of Material and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Study of Al-Si Alloy Oxygen Saturation on Its Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070786. [PMID: 28773143 PMCID: PMC5551829 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals of modern materials research is obtaining different microstructures and studying their influence on the mechanical properties of metals; aluminum alloys are particularly of interest due to their advanced performance. Traditionally, their required properties are obtained by alloying process, modification, or physical influence during solidification. The present work describes a saturation of the overheated AlSi₇Fe₁ casting alloy by oxides using oxygen blowing approach in overheated alloy. Changes in metals' microstructural and mechanical properties are also described in the work. An Al10SiFe intermetallic complex compound was obtained as a preferable component to Al₂O₃ precipitation on it, and its morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the alloy after the oxygen blowing treatment are discussed in this work.
Collapse
|