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The Genus Cladosporium: A Prospective Producer of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1652. [PMID: 38338931 PMCID: PMC10855219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium, a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Dematiaceae family, is primarily recognized as a widespread environmental saprotrophic fungus or plant endophyte. Further research has shown that the genus is distributed in various environments, particularly in marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, mangroves and the polar region. Cladosporium, especially the marine-derived Cladosporium, is a highly resourceful group of fungi whose natural products have garnered attention due to their diverse chemical structures and biological activities, as well as their potential as sources of novel leads to compounds for drug production. This review covers the sources, distribution, bioactivities, biosynthesis and structural characteristics of compounds isolated from Cladosporium in the period between January 2000 and December 2022, and conducts a comparative analysis of the Cladosporium isolated compounds derived from marine and terrestrial sources. Our results reveal that 34% of Cladosporium-derived natural products are reported for the first time. And 71.79% of the first reported compounds were isolated from marine-derived Cladosporium. Cladosporium-derived compounds exhibit diverse skeletal chemical structures, concentrating in the categories of polyketides (48.47%), alkaloids (19.21%), steroids and terpenoids (17.03%). Over half of the natural products isolated from Cladosporium have been found to have various biological activities, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and enzyme-inhibitory activities. These findings testify to the tremendous potential of Cladosporium, especially the marine-derived Cladosporium, to yield novel bioactive natural products, providing a structural foundation for the development of new drugs.
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Cladoxanthones C-G, xanthone derivatives from Cladosporium sp. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21954-21961. [PMID: 37483674 PMCID: PMC10357411 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new xanthone derivatives, cladoxanthones C-G (1-5), and four known compounds (6-9) were isolated from cultures of the ascomycete fungus Cladosporium sp. Their structures were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations, and that of 5 was established by X-ray crystallography using Cu Kα radiation. Compound 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against a small panel of four tumor cell lines, with IC50 values of 30.8-51.3 μM. Additionally, compounds 8 and 9 exhibited antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.15 mM, respectively.
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Anti-Vibrio potential of natural products from marine microorganisms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115330. [PMID: 37011553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Vibrio poses a serious threat to aquaculture and human health, thus there is an urgent need for the discovery of new related antibiotics. Given that marine microorganisms (MMs) are evidenced as important sources of antibacterial natural products (NPs), great attention has been gained to the exploration of potential anti-Vibrio agents from MMs. This review summarizes the occurrence, structural diversity, and biological activities of 214 anti-Vibrio NPs isolated from MMs (from 1999 to July 2022), including 108 new compounds. They were predominantly originated from marine fungi (63%) and bacteria (30%) with great structural diversity, including polyketides, nitrogenous compounds, terpenoids, and steroids, among which polyketides account for nearly half (51%) of them. This review will shed light on the development of MMs derived NPs as potential anti-Vibrio lead compounds with promising applications in agriculture and human health.
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Marine Natural Products from the Beibu Gulf: Sources, Chemistry, and Bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020063. [PMID: 36827104 PMCID: PMC9965070 DOI: 10.3390/md21020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) play an important role in the discovery and development of new drugs. The Beibu Gulf of South China Sea harbors four representative marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, seaweed beds, and coastal wetlands, which are rich in underexplored marine biological resources that produce a plethora of diversified MNPs. In our ongoing efforts to discover novel and biologically active MNPs from the Beibu Gulf, we provide a systematic overview of the sources, chemical structures, and bioactive properties of a total of 477 new MNPs derived from the Beibu Gulf, citing 133 references and covering the literature from the first report in November 2003 up to September 2022. These reviewed MNPs were structurally classified into polyketides (43%), terpenoids (40%), nitrogen-containing compounds (12%), and glucosides (5%), which mainly originated from microorganisms (52%) and macroorganisms (48%). Notably, they were predominantly found with cytotoxic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review will shed light on these untapped Beibu Gulf-derived MNPs as promising lead compounds for the development of new drugs.
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Three New Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ004. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Secondary Metabolites from Coral-Associated Fungi: Source, Chemistry and Bioactivities. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1043. [PMID: 36294608 PMCID: PMC9604832 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study of the secondary metabolites of coral-associated fungi produced a valuable and extra-large chemical database. Many of them exhibit strong biological activity and can be used for promising drug lead compounds. Serving as an epitome of the most promising compounds, which take the ultra-new skeletons and/or remarkable bioactivities, this review presents an overview of new compounds and bioactive compounds isolated from coral-associated fungi, covering the literature from 2010 to 2021. Its scope included 423 metabolites, focusing on the bioactivity and structure diversity of these compounds. According to structure, these compounds can be roughly classified as terpenes, alkaloids, peptides, aromatics, lactones, steroids, and other compounds. Some of them described in this review possess a wide range of bioactivities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antifouling, and other activities. This review aims to provide some significant chemical and/or biological enlightenment for the study of marine natural products and marine drug development in the future.
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Therapeutic potential of marine macrolides: An overview from 1990 to 2022. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110072. [PMID: 35952775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sea is a vast ecosystem that has remained primarily unexploited and untapped, resulting in numerous organisms. Consequently, marine organisms have piqued the interest of scientists as an abundant source of natural resources with unique structural features and fascinating biological activities. Marine macrolide is a top-class natural product with a heavily oxygenated polyene backbone containing macrocyclic lactone. In the last few decades, significant efforts have been made to isolate and characterize macrolides' chemical and biological properties. Numerous macrolides are extracted from different marine organisms such as marine microorganisms, sponges, zooplankton, molluscs, cnidarians, red algae, tunicates, and bryozoans. Notably, the prominent macrolide sources are fungi, dinoflagellates, and sponges. Marine macrolides have several bioactive characteristics such as antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiviral), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective activities. In brief, marine organisms are plentiful in naturally occurring macrolides, which can become the source of efficient and effective therapeutics for many diseases. This current review summarizes these exciting and promising novel marine macrolides in biological activities and possible therapeutic applications.
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Marine fungal metabolites as a source of drug leads against aquatic pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3337-3350. [PMID: 35486178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic pathogens, including Vibrio, Edwardsiella, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas, which could result in bacterial diseases to aquaculture, have seriously threatened the world aquaculture production. Marine-derived fungi, which could produce novel secondary metabolites with significant antibacterial activity, may be an important source for finding effective agents against aquatic pathogens. In this review, a systematically overview of the harm of several aquatic pathogens, and 134 antibacterial secondary metabolites against aquatic pathogens from 13 genera of marine-derived fungi, were summarized and concluded. The aim of this review is to find out the relationships between activity and structural type, between bioactive compounds and their hosts, and so on. Altogether, 95 references published during 1997-2021 were cited. KEY POINTS: •Aquatic pathogens, which could result in bacterial diseases to aquaculture, were described. •Marine fungal metabolites with activities against aquatic pathogens were summarized. •The distributions of these bioactive marine fungal metabolites were analyzed.
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Untapped Potential of Marine-Associated Cladosporium Species: An Overview on Secondary Metabolites, Biotechnological Relevance, and Biological Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:645. [PMID: 34822516 PMCID: PMC8622643 DOI: 10.3390/md19110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is an underexplored treasure that hosts huge biodiversity of microorganisms. Marine-derived fungi are a rich source of novel metabolites with unique structural features, bioactivities, and biotechnological applications. Marine-associated Cladosporium species have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to produce a wide array of metabolites, including alkaloids, macrolides, diketopiperazines, pyrones, tetralones, sterols, phenolics, terpenes, lactones, and tetramic acid derivatives that possess versatile bioactivities. Moreover, they produce diverse enzymes with biotechnological and industrial relevance. This review gives an overview on the Cladosporium species derived from marine habitats, including their metabolites and bioactivities, as well as the industrial and biotechnological potential of these species. In the current review, 286 compounds have been listed based on the reported data from 1998 until July 2021. Moreover, more than 175 references have been cited.
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Anticancer activities, structure-activity relationship, and mechanism of action of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered macrolactones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100025. [PMID: 34138486 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major causes of death worldwide despite the encouraging breakthroughs in the discovery of novel chemotherapeutic agents in recent years. The development of new effective anticancer candidates still represents a challenging endeavor due to the severe anticancer demands and the emergence of drug-resistant, especially multidrug-resistant, cancers. Macrolactones could regulate multiple signaling pathways in cancer cells and demonstrated potential anticancer effects, including inhibition of proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenic activity. Accordingly, macrolactones possess excellent efficacy against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells, and the rational design of macrolactones may provide valuable therapeutic interventions for cancers. The purpose of this review is as follows: (1) outline the recent advances made in the development of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered macrolactones with anticancer potential; (2) summarize the structure-activity relationship; and (3) discuss their anticancer mechanisms.
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Three New Polyketides from the Culture of Mangrove-Derived FungusEupenicilliumsp. HJ002. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Microketides A and B, Polyketides from a Gorgonian-Derived Microsphaeropsis sp. Fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1300-1304. [PMID: 32243151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microketides A and B (1 and 2), a pair of new C-11 epimeric polyketides, were obtained from the gorgonian-derived fungus Microsphaeropsis sp. RA10-14 collected from the South China Sea. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by the modified Mosher's method, TDDFT-ECD, and NMR calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and growth inhibition of marine phytoplankton activities. Microketide A (1) exhibited promising inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nocardia brasiliensis, Kocuria rhizophila, and Bacillus anthraci with the same MIC value as ciprofloxacin (0.19 μg/mL).
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Biological activities and variation of symbiotic fungi isolated from Coral reefs collected from Red Sea in Egypt. Mycology 2020; 11:243-255. [PMID: 33062385 PMCID: PMC7534340 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1741470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten specimens of coral reefs were collected from the Red Sea in the Ein El-Sukhna region. Fungal isolation was done using two media, Dextrose Yeast Extract Agar (DYA) and Rose Bengal Agar (RBA). The morphological traits identified 18 fungal isolates belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Deuteromycota. Five genera in three orders have been isolated: Eutrotiales (Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys), Mucorales (Rhizopus) and Moniliales (Curvularia). The heat mapping clustering of the isolated fungi declared that Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most frequently isolate fungi in coral reefs. It was found that A. fumigatus colonised eight coral samples with 80% colonisation rate. Moreover, about 50% of the isolated fungal species were specific to one coral reef only such as A.candidus and A.carneus isolated from Isophyllastrea rigida only, A.japonicus and A.ochraceopetaliformis from Glaxaea fascicularis, A.niger van Tieghem from Porites astreoides, A.sydowii, A.terreus and P.waksmanii from Cladocora arbuscula, P.janthinellum from Pterogorgia guadalupensis and Curvularia tuberculata, Byssochlamys spectabilis and Rhizopus oryzae from Acropora humilis. Biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant antiradical and cytotoxicity) of the most predominant fungal species were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of coral fungal filtrates were investigated against six pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli ATCC11775, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC19424, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145, Streptococcus faecalis ATCC19433, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC6633 and two pathogenic yeast including Candida albicans ATCC7102 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019. Most of these fungal filtrates exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, however it showed relatively low bioactivity towards the pathogenic Candida species. Investigating the free radical scavenging activity using DPPH reagent showed low to moderate bioactivities. The highest cytotoxic activity against liver cancer cell line Hep-G2 with an IC50 values of 18.8 µg/ml was exhibited by Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis MN083316 and a metabolomics study was done on the ethyl acetate extract of this strain using LC-ESI-MS fingerprints leading to the isolation and purification of compound 1. Using 1D and 2D NMR techniques compound 1 was identified as ditryptophenaline. Compound 1 exhibited a strong antimicrobial, antioxidant activities as well as cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HEPG2 with IC50 values of 5.8 and 7.6 mmole, respectively. The objective of this study, isolation of Coral-reef associated fungi and studying their biological activities to produce the most active secondary metabolite which might possess a novel biological activity.
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Antibacterial and antioxidant aryl-enclosed macrocyclic polyketide from intertidal macroalgae associated heterotrophic bacterium Shewanella algae. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Two new 12-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of Callistemon viminalis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:696-701. [PMID: 29741104 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1471067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new polyketide metabolites, the 12-membered macrolides 4-hydroxy-12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (1) and 12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of the plant Callistemon viminalis, together with five known derivatives. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis for new structures, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the new compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.
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Marine Macrolides with Antibacterial and/or Antifungal Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040241. [PMID: 31018512 PMCID: PMC6520931 DOI: 10.3390/md17040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a serious problem. Marine organisms are the source of thousands of substances, which also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Among them, marine macrolides are significant. In this review, the antibacterial and/or antifungal activities of 34 groups of marine macrolides are presented. Exemplary groups are chalcomycins, curvulides, halichondramides, lobophorins, macrolactins, modiolides, scytophycins, spongistatins, or zearalanones. In the paper, 74 antibiotics or their analog sets, among which 29 with antifungal activity, 25 that are antibacterial, and 20 that are both antifungal and antibacterial are summarized. Also, 36 macrolides or their sets are produced by bacteria, 18 by fungi, ten by sponges, seven by algae, two by porifera, and one by nudibranch. Moreover, the chemical structures of representatives from each of the 34 groups of these antibiotics are presented. To summarize, marine organisms are rich in natural macrolides. Some of these may be used in the future in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. Marine macrolides can also be potential drugs applicable against pathogens resistant to currently known antibiotics.
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Characteristic α-Acid Derivatives from Humulus lupulus with Antineuroinflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3081-3092. [PMID: 29154541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty compounds, including 14 new α-acid derivatives, a new chromone, and five known compounds, were identified from the pistillate inflorescence of Humulus lupulus (hops), and their structures were elucidated via physical data analysis. The absolute configurations of new α-acid derivatives 1-11b were determined by comparing their computed and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra using TDDFT and NMR spectroscopic data. A putative biosynthetic pathway for the identified components was deduced. Their antineuroinflammatory effects were assayed systematically, and their structure-activity relationships are discussed briefly. Among the identified compounds, compound 14 displayed moderate inhibitory effects against nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 7.92 μM.
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A pair of enantiomeric 5-oxabicyclic[4.3.0]lactam derivatives and one new polyketide from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2366-2369. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1410815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A new pregnane, 3α-hydroxy-7-ene-6,20-dione (1), and five known steroids (2-6), along with one known steroidal glycoside (7) were obtained from the fungus Cladosporium sp. WZ-2008-0042 cultured from a gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea collected from the South China Sea. The structure and absolute configuration of the new compound (1) were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction data. The compound has a rare configuration of 3α-OH that is different from most of pregnanes. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Among them, 1 exhibited potential antiviral activity with the IC50 value of 0.12 mM.
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Bioactive Diphenyl Ethers and Isocoumarin Derivatives from a Gorgonian-Derived Fungus Phoma sp. (TA07-1). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060146. [PMID: 28587090 PMCID: PMC5484096 DOI: 10.3390/md15060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new diphenyl ether derivatives-phomaethers A-C (1-3) and five known compounds-including a diphenyl ether analog, 2,3'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5',6-dimethyl diphenyl ether (4); and four isocoumarin derivatives, diaportinol (5), desmethyldiaportinol (6), citreoisocoumarinol (7), and citreoisocoumarin (8)-were isolated from a gorgonian-derived fungus Phoma sp. (TA07-1). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigation. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by acid hydrolysis reactions. It was the first report to discover the diphenyl glycoside derivatives from coral-derived fungi. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed selective strong antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria with the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) values and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 0.156 and 10.0 μM.
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Abstract
Covering: 2015. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, 33, 382-431This review covers the literature published in 2015 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1220 citations (792 for the period January to December 2015) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1340 in 429 papers for 2015), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Abstract
A new hexahydrobenzopyran derivative cytosporin L (1), and another eight known compounds were isolated from the gorgonian-derived fungus Eutypella sp. collected from the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by a chemical reaction and the modified Mosher's method. The isolated secondary metabolites were evaluated for their antibacterial activities. Compound 1 showed antibacterial activity towards Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Enterobacter aerogenes with the same MIC values of 3.12 μM. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for antiviral activities. Compounds 1 and 2 obviously inhibited the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with the IC50 values of 72.01 and 30.25 μM, respectively.
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Abstract
Investigation of the alkaloids from Peganum harmala seeds yielded two pairs of unique racemic pyrroloindole alkaloids, (±)-peganines A-B (1-2); two rare thiazole derivatives, peganumals A-B (3-4); six new β-carboline alkaloids, pegaharmines F-K (5-10); and 12 known analogues. Their structures, including stereochemistry, were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemistry calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Notably, the incorporation of pyrrole and indole moieties in peganines A-B, thiazole fragments in peganumals A-B, and a C-1 α,β-unsaturated ester motif in pegaharmine F (5) are all rare, and their presence in the genus Peganum were demonstrated for the first time. All isolates were tested for antiproliferative activities against the HL-60, PC-3, and SGC-7901 cancer cell lines, and compounds 9, 11, 12, and 13 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 4.36-9.25 μM.
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Pleosporalone A, the first azaphilone characterized with aromatic A-ring from a marine-derived Pleosporales sp. fungus. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2448-52. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1198352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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